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Urano Y, Noguchi N. Enzymatically Formed Oxysterols and Cell Death. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:193-211. [PMID: 38036881 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The side-chain hydroxylation of cholesterol by specific enzymes produces 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol, and other products. These enzymatically formed side-chain oxysterols act as intermediates in the biosynthesis of bile acids and serve as signaling molecules that regulate cholesterol homeostasis. Besides these intracellular functions, an imbalance in oxysterol homeostasis is implicated in pathophysiology. Furthermore, growing evidence reveals that oxysterols affect cell proliferation and cause cell death. This chapter provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of side-chain oxysterols in developing human diseases. We also summarize our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of various forms of cell death by side-chain oxysterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Urano
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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Tang W, Li G, Lin Q, Zhu Z, Wang Z, Wang Z. Multiplex immunohistochemistry defines two cholesterol metabolism patterns predicting immunotherapeutic outcomes in gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:887. [PMID: 38062450 PMCID: PMC10702056 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cholesterol metabolism in gastric cancer (GC) and its implications for tumor characteristics and immunotherapy response remain poorly understood. In this study, our aim was to investigate this role, identify associated metabolic subtypes, and assess their clinical implications in GC. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive analysis of cholesterol metabolism genes (CMGs) using transcriptomic data from TCGA and GEO. Based on 23 representative CMGs, we classified GC into metabolic subtypes. We evaluated clinical features and immune cell infiltration between these subtypes. Additionally, we identified a CMG signature and assessed its clinical relevance in GC. We retrospectively enrolled thirty-five GC patients receiving chemotherapy plus a PD-1 inhibitor to assess the CMG signature using multiplex immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our analysis revealed two cholesterol metabolism subtypes in GC: Cholesterol Metabolism Type 1 (CMT1) and Cholesterol Metabolism Type 2 (CMT2). These subtypes exhibited distinct patterns: CMT1 indicated heightened cholesterol biosynthesis, while CMT2 showed abnormal cholesterol transport. CMT2 was associated with unfavorable clinical features, enriched malignant pathways, and a pro-tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we developed a five-CMG prognostic signature (ABCA1, NR1H3, TSPO, NCEH1, and HMGCR) that effectively predicted the prognosis of patients with GC and their response to chemotherapy plus a PD-1 inhibitor. This signature was validated in a clinical cohort using multiplex immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the effectiveness of cholesterol metabolism patterns as biomarkers for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response in GC. The expression of cholesterol metabolism genes and the assessment of cholesterol metabolism patterns have the potential to predict the outcome of immunotherapy and guide treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Street, No. 58, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Street, No. 58, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Street, No. 58, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhu
- Stroke Center, Panyu Central Hospital, Fuyu East Street No. 8, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Street, No. 58, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Street, No. 58, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Han J, Li X, Liang B, Ma S, Pu Y, Yu F, Lu J, Ma Y, MacHugh DE, Jiang L. Transcriptome profiling of differentiating adipose-derived stem cells across species reveals new genes regulating adipogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159378. [PMID: 37572997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) that are enriched in adipose tissue with multilineage differentiation potential have become an important tool in therapeutic research and tissue engineering. Certain breeds of sheep exhibit a unique fat tail trait such that tail tissue accounts for approximately 10 % of body weight and can provide an excellent source of ADSCs. Here, we describe isolation of primary ADSCs from ovine embryonic fat tail tissues that displayed high self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation and excellent adipogenic ability. Through transcriptome analysis covering ADSCs differentiating into adipocytes, 37 transcription factors were involved in early transcriptional events that initiate a regulatory cascade of adipogenesis; the entire adipogenic activity consists of a reduction in proliferation ability and upregulation of genes related to lipid generation and energy metabolism, as well as several genes associated with myogenesis. Furthermore, Comparative transcriptome analysis across species (sheep, human, and mouse) revealed enhanced basal metabolic ability in differentiating ovine ADSCs, which may relate to the excellent adipogenic capability of these cells. We also identified a small evolutionarily conserved gene set, consisting of 21 and 22 genes exhibiting increased and decreased expression, respectively. Almost half (20) of these genes have not previously been reported to regulate adipogenesis in mammals. In this study, we identified important regulators that trigger ovine adipocyte differentiation, main biological pathways involved in adipogenesis as well as the evolutionarily conserved genes governing adipogenic process across species. Our study provides a novel excellent biomaterial and novel genes regulating adipogenesis for cellular transplantation therapy and investigations of fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Han
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Benmeng Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yabin Pu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Fuqing Yu
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Lu
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| | - Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
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4
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Xue M, Wen H, Xu P, Chen J, Wang Q, Tang Y, Ma X, Lv G, Li H, Song C. Validation and Functional Analysis of Reference and Tissue-Specific Genes in Adipose Tissue of Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, under Starvation and Hypothermia Stress. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091328. [PMID: 37174728 PMCID: PMC10177597 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is critical to the growth, development, and physiological health of animals. Reference genes play an essential role in normalizing the expression of mRNAs. Tissue-specific genes are preferred for their function and expression in specific tissues or cell types. Identification of these genes contributes to understanding the tissue-gene relationship and the etiology and discovery of new tissue-specific targets. Therefore, reference genes and tissue-specific genes in the adipose tissue of Aplodinotus grunniens were identified to explore their function under exogenous starvation (1 d, 2 w, 6 w) and hypothermic stress (18 °C and 10 °C for 2 d and 8 d) in this study. Results suggest that 60SRP was the most stable reference gene in adipose tissue. Meanwhile, eight genes were validated as tissue-specific candidates from the high-throughput sequencing database, while seven of them (ADM2, β2GP1, CAMK1G, CIDE3, FAM213A, HSL, KRT222, and NCEH1) were confirmed in adipose tissue. Additionally, these seven tissue-specific genes were active in response to starvation and hypothermic stress in a time- or temperature-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that adipose-specific genes can be identified using stable internal reference genes, thereby identifying specific important functions under starvation and hypothermic stress, which provides tissue-specific targets for adipose regulation in A. grunniens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xue
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haibo Wen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qingyong Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yongkai Tang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Changyou Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Albert M, Vázquez J, Falcón-Pérez JM, Balboa MA, Liesa M, Balsinde J, Guerra S. ISG15 Is a Novel Regulator of Lipid Metabolism during Vaccinia Virus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0389322. [PMID: 36453897 PMCID: PMC9769738 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03893-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 15-kDa ubiquitin-like modifier that binds to target proteins in a process termed ISGylation. ISG15, first described as an antiviral molecule against many viruses, participates in numerous cellular processes, from immune modulation to the regulation of genome stability. Interestingly, the role of ISG15 as a regulator of cell metabolism has recently gained strength. We previously described ISG15 as a regulator of mitochondrial functions in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in the context of Vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. Here, we demonstrate that ISG15 regulates lipid metabolism in BMDMs and that ISG15 is necessary to modulate the impact of VACV infection on lipid metabolism. We show that Isg15-/- BMDMs demonstrate alterations in the levels of several key proteins of lipid metabolism that result in differences in the lipid profile compared with Isg15+/+ (wild-type [WT]) BMDMs. Specifically, Isg15-/- BMDMs present reduced levels of neutral lipids, reflected by decreased lipid droplet number. These alterations are linked to increased levels of lipases and are independent of enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Moreover, we demonstrate that VACV causes a dysregulation in the proteomes of BMDMs and alterations in the lipid content of these cells, which appear exacerbated in Isg15-/- BMDMs. Such metabolic changes are likely caused by increased expression of the metabolic regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). In summary, our results highlight that ISG15 controls BMDM lipid metabolism during viral infections, suggesting that ISG15 is an important host factor to restrain VACV impact on cell metabolism. IMPORTANCE The functions of ISG15 are continuously expanding, and growing evidence supports its role as a relevant modulator of cell metabolism. In this work, we highlight how the absence of ISG15 impacts macrophage lipid metabolism in the context of viral infections and how poxviruses modulate metabolism to ensure successful replication. Our results open the door to new advances in the comprehension of macrophage immunometabolism and the interaction between VACV and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albert
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María A. Balboa
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Guerra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Kim JS, Lim H, Seo JY, Kang KR, Yu SK, Kim CS, Kim DK, Kim HJ, Seo YS, Lee GJ, You JS, Oh JS. GPR183 Regulates 7α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol-Induced Oxiapoptophagy in L929 Mouse Fibroblast Cell. Molecules 2022; 27:4798. [PMID: 35956750 PMCID: PMC9369580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-DHC) is an oxysterol synthesized from 25-hydroxycholesterol by cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1 (CYP7B1) and is a monooxygenase (oxysterol-7α-hydroxylase) expressed under inflammatory conditions in various cell types. In this study, we verified that 7α,25-DHC-induced oxiapoptophagy is mediated by apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy in L929 mouse fibroblasts. MTT assays and live/dead cell staining revealed that cytotoxicity was increased by 7α,25-DHC in L929 cells. Consequentially, cells with condensed chromatin and altered morphology were enhanced in L929 cells incubated with 7α,25-DHC for 48 h. Furthermore, apoptotic population was increased by 7α,25-DHC exposure through the cascade activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in these cells. 7α,25-DHC upregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in L929 cells. Expression of autophagy biomarkers, including beclin-1 and LC3, was significantly increased by 7α,25-DHC treatment in L929 cells. 7α,25-DHC inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt associated with autophagy and increases p53 expression in L929 cells. In addition, inhibition of G-protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183), a receptor of 7α,25-DHC, using GPR183 specific antagonist NIBR189 suppressed 7α,25-DHC-induced apoptosis, ROS production, and autophagy in L929 cells. Collectively, GPR183 regulates 7α,25-DHC-induced oxiapoptophagy in L929 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Institute of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.L.); (J.-Y.S.); (K.-R.K.); (S.-K.Y.); (C.S.K.); (D.K.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - HyangI Lim
- Institute of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.L.); (J.-Y.S.); (K.-R.K.); (S.-K.Y.); (C.S.K.); (D.K.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Jeong-Yeon Seo
- Institute of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.L.); (J.-Y.S.); (K.-R.K.); (S.-K.Y.); (C.S.K.); (D.K.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Kyeong-Rok Kang
- Institute of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.L.); (J.-Y.S.); (K.-R.K.); (S.-K.Y.); (C.S.K.); (D.K.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Sun-Kyoung Yu
- Institute of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.L.); (J.-Y.S.); (K.-R.K.); (S.-K.Y.); (C.S.K.); (D.K.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Chun Sung Kim
- Institute of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.L.); (J.-Y.S.); (K.-R.K.); (S.-K.Y.); (C.S.K.); (D.K.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Institute of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.L.); (J.-Y.S.); (K.-R.K.); (S.-K.Y.); (C.S.K.); (D.K.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Heung-Joong Kim
- Institute of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.L.); (J.-Y.S.); (K.-R.K.); (S.-K.Y.); (C.S.K.); (D.K.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Yo-Seob Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Gyeong-Je Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Jae-Seek You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Ji-Su Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
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Wagner C, Hois V, Taschler U, Schupp M, Lass A. KIAA1363-A Multifunctional Enzyme in Xenobiotic Detoxification and Lipid Ester Hydrolysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:516. [PMID: 35736449 PMCID: PMC9229287 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
KIAA1363, annotated as neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1), is a member of the arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) protein family. The name-giving enzyme, AADAC, is known to hydrolyze amide and ester bonds of a number of xenobiotic substances, as well as clinical drugs and of endogenous lipid substrates such as diglycerides, respectively. Similarly, KIAA1363, annotated as the first AADAC-like protein, exhibits enzymatic activities for a diverse substrate range including the xenobiotic insecticide chlorpyrifos oxon and endogenous substrates, acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether, cholesterol ester, and retinyl ester. Two independent knockout mouse models have been generated and characterized. However, apart from reduced acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether and cholesterol ester hydrolase activity in specific tissues and cell types, no gross-phenotype has been reported. This raises the question of its physiological role and whether it functions as drug detoxifying enzyme and/or as hydrolase/lipase of endogenous substrates. This review delineates the current knowledge about the structure, function and of the physiological role of KIAA1363, as evident from the phenotypical changes inflicted by pharmacological inhibition or by silencing as well as knockout of KIAA1363 gene expression in cells, as well as mouse models, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.W.); (U.T.)
| | - Victoria Hois
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.W.); (U.T.)
| | - Michael Schupp
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)—Research Center, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.W.); (U.T.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, 8010 Graz, Austria
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8
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Liu Z, Gomez CR, Espinoza I, Le TPT, Shenoy V, Zhou X. Correlation of cholesteryl ester metabolism to pathogenesis, progression and disparities in colorectal Cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:22. [PMID: 35172832 PMCID: PMC8851778 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide characterized by disparities in age, gender, race and anatomic sites. The mechanism underlying pathogenesis, progression and disparities of CRC remains unclear. This study aims to reveal the association of expression levels of enzymes related to cholesteryl ester (CE) metabolism with pathogenesis, progression and disparities of CRC. Methods The differences in gene expression levels were analyzed for enzymes in CE synthesis (acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2, ACAT1, and ACAT2), and in CE hydrolysis (neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase, NCEH1 and lysosomal acid lipase, LAL) on TNMplot platform between CRC and normal colorectal tissues (NCT) in a large cohort. The differences in protein expression levels for these enzymes were determined by Immunochemistry (IHC) performed on tissue microarray containing 96 pairs of CRC and benign colorectal tissues (BCT) from different patient populations. The expression level represented as IHC score of each enzyme was compared between CRC and BCT in entire population and populations stratified by race, gender and anatomic sites. Student’s t-test, Fisher exact test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Significant p value was set at P<0.05. Results The gene expression level of ACAT1 was significantly lower in CRC than in NCT (P = 2.15e-119). The gene expression level of ACAT2 was not statistically different between CRC and NCT. The gene expression level of LIPA (encoding LAL) was significantly higher in CRC than in NCT (P = 2.01e-14). No data was found for the gene expression level of NCEH1. The IHC score of ACAT1was significantly lower in CRC than in BCT in all studied populations and in sub site of colon, but not in that of rectum. The IHC score of ACAT2 was not statistically different between CRC and BCT. IHC score of NCEH1 was significantly higher in CRC than in BCT only in African American (AA) population. The IHC score of LAL was significantly higher in CRC than in BCT in all studied populations and in all sub sites. In addition, decreased ACAT1 in CRC significantly correlated to progression of CRC: the lower IHC score of ACAT1, the more advanced clinical stage of CRC will be. Conclusions This study revealed that altered expression levels in enzymes related to CE metabolism highly correlate to the pathogenesis, clinical progression and disparities of CRC. The results will add revenue in elucidating mechanisms underlying progression of CRC, and shed light on seeking biomarkers and exploring therapeutic targets for CRC in a new direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Christian R Gomez
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Thuy Phuong T Le
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Veena Shenoy
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Xinchun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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9
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Rees WD, Telkar N, Lin DTS, Wong MQ, Poloni C, Fathi A, Kobor M, Zachos NC, Steiner TS. An in vitro chronic damage model impairs inflammatory and regenerative responses in human colonoid monolayers. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110283. [PMID: 35045294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute damage to the intestinal epithelium can be repaired via de-differentiation of mature intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to a stem-like state, but there is a lack of knowledge on how intestinal stem cells function after chronic injury, such as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We developed a chronic-injury model in human colonoid monolayers by repeated rounds of air-liquid interface and submerged culture. We use this model to understand how chronic intestinal damage affects the ability of IECs to (1) respond to microbial stimulation, using the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist FliC and (2) regenerate and protect the epithelium from further damage. Repeated rounds of damage impair the ability of IECs to regrow and respond to TLR stimulation. We also identify mRNA expression and DNA methylation changes in genes associated with IBD and colon cancer. This methodology results in a human model of recurrent IEC injury like that which occurs in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rees
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nikita Telkar
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David T S Lin
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - May Q Wong
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Chad Poloni
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Ayda Fathi
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Michael Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada.
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10
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Watanabe Y, Sasaki T, Miyoshi S, Shimizu M, Yamauchi Y, Sato R. Insulin-induced genes INSIG1 and INSIG2 mediate oxysterol-dependent activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 axis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100989. [PMID: 34298014 PMCID: PMC8363831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-induced genes (INSIGs) encode endoplasmic reticulum–resident proteins that regulate intracellular cholesterol metabolism. Oxysterols are oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol, some of which orchestrate lipid metabolism via interaction with INSIGs. Recently, it was reported that expression of activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4) was induced by certain oxysterols; the precise of mechanism is unclear. Herein, we show that INSIGs mediate ATF4 upregulation upon interaction with oxysterol. Oxysterols that possess a high affinity for INSIG, such as 27- and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), markedly induced the increase of ATF4 protein when compared with other oxysterols. In addition, ATF4 upregulation by these oxysterols was attenuated in INSIG1/2-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells and recovered by either INSIG1 or INSIG2 rescue. Mechanistic studies revealed that the binding of 25HC to INSIG is critical for increased ATF4 protein via activation of protein kinase RNA-activated–like ER kinase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α. Knockout of INSIG1 or INSIG2 in human hepatoma Huh7 cells attenuated ATF4 protein upregulation, indicating that only one of the endogenous INSIGs, unlike overexpression of intrinsic INSIG1 or INSIG2, was insufficient for ATF4 induction. Furthermore, ATF4 proactively upregulated the cell death–inducible gene expression, such as Chop, Chac1, and Trb3, thereby markedly reducing cell viability with 25HC. These findings support a model whereby that INSIGs sense an increase in oxysterol in the endoplasmic reticulum and induce an increase of ATF4 protein via the protein kinase RNA-activated–like ER kinase–eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α pathway, thereby promoting cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Watanabe
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Miyoshi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Connecting Cholesterol Efflux Factors to Lung Cancer Biology and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137209. [PMID: 34281263 PMCID: PMC8268178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a foundational molecule of biology. There is a long-standing interest in understanding how cholesterol metabolism is intertwined with cancer biology. In this review, we focus on the known connections between lung cancer and molecules mediating cholesterol efflux. A major take-home lesson is that the roles of many cholesterol efflux factors remain underexplored. It is our hope that this article would motivate others to investigate how cholesterol efflux factors contribute to lung cancer biology.
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12
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Javadifar A, Rastgoo S, Banach M, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Foam Cells as Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis with a Focus on the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052529. [PMID: 33802600 PMCID: PMC7961492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of human cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality around the world. Various physiological and pathological processes are involved, including chronic inflammation, dysregulation of lipid metabolism, development of an environment characterized by oxidative stress and improper immune responses. Accordingly, the expansion of novel targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis is necessary. In this study, we focus on the role of foam cells in the development of atherosclerosis. The specific therapeutic goals associated with each stage in the formation of foam cells and the development of atherosclerosis will be considered. Processing and metabolism of cholesterol in the macrophage is one of the main steps in foam cell formation. Cholesterol processing involves lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification and cholesterol efflux, which ultimately leads to cholesterol equilibrium in the macrophage. Recently, many preclinical studies have appeared concerning the role of non-encoding RNAs in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Non-encoding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are considered regulators of lipid metabolism by affecting the expression of genes involved in the uptake (e.g., CD36 and LOX1) esterification (ACAT1) and efflux (ABCA1, ABCG1) of cholesterol. They are also able to regulate inflammatory pathways, produce cytokines and mediate foam cell apoptosis. We have reviewed important preclinical evidence of their therapeutic targeting in atherosclerosis, with a special focus on foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Javadifar
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; (A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - Sahar Rastgoo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; (A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, 93338 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-5118002288 (M.B. & A.S.); Fax: +98-5118002287 (M.B. & A.S.)
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan 9479176135, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-5118002288 (M.B. & A.S.); Fax: +98-5118002287 (M.B. & A.S.)
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13
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Lei S, Chen J, Song C, Li J, Zuo A, Xu D, Li T, Guo Y. CTRP9 alleviates foam cells apoptosis by enhancing cholesterol efflux. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 522:111138. [PMID: 33352225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis of foam cells leads to instability of atherosclerotic plaques. This study was designed to explore the protective role of CTRP9 in foam cell apoptosis. In our experiment, CTRP9 alleviated foam cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, CTRP9 upregulated the expression of proteins important for cholesterol efflux, such as LXRα, CYP27A1, ABCG1 and ABCA1, and improved cholesterol efflux in foam cells. Moreover, CTRP9 inhibited Wnt3a and β-catenin expression and β-catenin nuclear translocation in foam cells. In addition, adenovirus overexpression of Wnt3a abolished the effect of CTRP9 on macrophage apoptosis. Mechanistically, the AMPK inhibitor abolished the effect of CTRP9 on foam cell apoptosis, and downregulation of AdipoR1 by siRNA abrogated the activation of AMPK and the effect of CTRP9 on foam cell apoptosis. We concluded that CTRP9 achieved these protective effects on foam cells through the AdipoR1/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Lei
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Jiying Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxiang Song
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Anju Zuo
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, China.
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14
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Li J, Meng Q, Fu Y, Yu X, Ji T, Chao Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Bian H. Novel insights: Dynamic foam cells derived from the macrophage in atherosclerosis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6154-6167. [PMID: 33507545 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis can be regarded as a chronic disease derived from the interaction between disordered lipoproteins and an unsuitable immune response. The evolution of foam cells is not only a significant pathological change in the early stage of atherosclerosis but also a key stage in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is mainly caused by the imbalance among lipids uptake, lipids treatment, and reverse cholesterol transport. Although a large number of studies have summarized the source of foam cells and the mechanism of foam cells formation, we propose a new idea about foam cells in atherosclerosis. Rather than an isolated microenvironment, the macrophage multiple lipid uptake pathways, lipid internalization, lysosome, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase (NCEH), acyl-coenzyme A-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and reverse cholesterol transport are mutually influential, and form a dynamic process under multi-factor regulation. The macrophage takes on different uptake lipid statuses depending on multiple uptake pathways and intracellular lipids, lipid metabolites versus pro-inflammatory factors. Except for NCEH and ACAT, the lipid internalization of macrophages also depends on multicellular organelles including the lysosome, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, which are associated with each other. A dynamic balance between esterification and hydrolysis of cholesterol for macrophages is essential for physiology and pathology. Therefore, we propose that the foam cell in the process of atherosclerosis may be dynamic under multi-factor regulation, and collate this study to provide a holistic and dynamic idea of the foam cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xichao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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15
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Multiple Roles of 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Lipid Metabolism, Antivirus Process, Inflammatory Response, and Cell Survival. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8893305. [PMID: 33274010 PMCID: PMC7695496 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8893305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an essential lipid, cholesterol is of great value in keeping cell homeostasis, being the precursor of bile acid and steroid hormones, and stabilizing membrane lipid rafts. As a kind of cholesterol metabolite produced by enzymatic or radical process, oxysterols have drawn much attention in the last decades. Among which, the role of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, antivirus process, and inflammatory response has been largely disclosed. This review is aimed at revealing these functions and underlying mechanisms of 25-HC.
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16
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Lu Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Zhang Q. NCEH1 may be a prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:2746-2752. [PMID: 33284889 PMCID: PMC7716126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutral Cholesterol Ester Hydrolase 1 (NCEH1) is an enzyme involved in ether lipid metabolism, and the NCEH1 gene is overexpressed in a variety of tumors. However, its role in pancreatic cancer remains unknown. Therefore, we compared the gene transcription data of healthy and pancreatic cancer tissues using the Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. R software (v3.6.1) was used for the differential, clinicopathological correlation, and survival analyses. We found that NCEH1 was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with that in healthy tissues (P = 1.732 e-50), and that its expression level was related to lymph node metastasis. High NCEH1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.002). Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we determined that NCEH1 is an independent risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Gene set enrichment analysis identified that NCEH1 overexpression is prominent in cell-cell adhesion junctions, pancreatic cancer, cancer-associated pathways, prostate cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia. In contrast, low NCEH1 expression correlated to high oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, we conclude that NCEH1 may be a prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongyang People's Hospital 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longyi Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongyang People's Hospital 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuya Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongyang People's Hospital 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongyang People's Hospital 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Yamamuro D, Yamazaki H, Osuga JI, Okada K, Wakabayashi T, Takei A, Takei S, Takahashi M, Nagashima S, Holleboom AG, Kuroda M, Bujo H, Ishibashi S. Esterification of 4β-hydroxycholesterol and other oxysterols in human plasma occurs independently of LCAT. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1287-1299. [PMID: 32561542 PMCID: PMC7469885 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The acyltransferase LCAT mediates FA esterification of plasma cholesterol. In vitro studies have shown that LCAT also FA-esterifies several oxysterols, but in vivo evidence is lacking. Here, we measured both free and FA-esterified forms of sterols in 206 healthy volunteers and 8 individuals with genetic LCAT deficiency, including familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) and fish-eye disease (FED). In the healthy volunteers, the mean values of the ester-to-total molar ratios of the following sterols varied: 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βHC), 0.38; 5,6α-epoxycholesterol (5,6αEC), 0.46; 5,6β-epoxycholesterol (5,6βEC), 0.51; cholesterol, 0.70; cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (CT), 0.70; 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), 0.75; 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24SHC), 0.80; 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), 0.81; 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), 0.86; and 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7αHC), 0.89. In the individuals with LCAT deficiency, the plasma levels of the FA-esterified forms of cholesterol, 5,6αEC, 5,6βEC, CT, 7αHC, 7KC, 24SHC, 25HC, and 27HC, were significantly lower than those in the healthy volunteers. The individuals with FLD had significantly lower FA-esterified forms of 7αHC, 24SHC, and 27HC than those with FED. It is of note that, even in the three FLD individuals with negligible plasma cholesteryl ester, substantial amounts of the FA-esterified forms of 4βHC, 5,6αEC, 7αHC, 7KC, and 27HC were present. We conclude that LCAT has a major role in the FA esterification of many plasma oxysterols but contributes little to the FA esterification of 4βHC. Substantial FA esterification of 4βHC, 5,6αEC, 7αHC, 7KC, and 27HC is independent of LCAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamuro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yamazaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Osuga
- Utsunomiya Higashi Hospital, Utsunomiya, 321-0901, Japan
| | - Kenta Okada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Wakabayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akihito Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shoko Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam 1105AG, The Netherlands
| | - Masayuki Kuroda
- Center for Advanced Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura 285-8741, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
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18
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Madenspacher JH, Morrell ED, Gowdy KM, McDonald JG, Thompson BM, Muse G, Martinez J, Thomas S, Mikacenic C, Nick JA, Abraham E, Garantziotis S, Stapleton RD, Meacham JM, Thomassen MJ, Janssen WJ, Cook DN, Wurfel MM, Fessler MB. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase promotes efferocytosis and resolution of lung inflammation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137189. [PMID: 32343675 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) play a central role in initiation and resolution of lung inflammation, but the integration of these opposing core functions is poorly understood. AM expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), the primary biosynthetic enzyme for 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), far exceeds the expression of macrophages in other tissues, but no role for CH25H has been defined in lung biology. As 25HC is an agonist for the antiinflammatory nuclear receptor, liver X receptor (LXR), we speculated that CH25H might regulate inflammatory homeostasis in the lung. Here, we show that, of natural oxysterols or sterols, 25HC is induced in the inflamed lung of mice and humans. Ch25h-/- mice fail to induce 25HC and LXR target genes in the lung after LPS inhalation and exhibit delayed resolution of airway neutrophilia, which can be rescued by systemic treatment with either 25HC or synthetic LXR agonists. LXR-null mice also display delayed resolution, suggesting that native oxysterols promote resolution. During resolution, Ch25h is induced in macrophages upon their encounter with apoptotic cells and is required for LXR-dependent prevention of AM lipid overload, induction of Mertk, efferocytic resolution of airway neutrophilia, and induction of TGF-β. CH25H/25HC/LXR is, thus, an inducible metabolic axis that programs AMs for efferocytic resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Madenspacher
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric D Morrell
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, and.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ginger Muse
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seddon Thomas
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carmen Mikacenic
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jerry A Nick
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Edward Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Renee D Stapleton
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Julie M Meacham
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary Jane Thomassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark M Wurfel
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Zheng ZG, Zhu ST, Cheng HM, Zhang X, Cheng G, Thu PM, Wang SP, Li HJ, Ding M, Qiang L, Chen XW, Zhong Q, Li P, Xu X. Discovery of a potent SCAP degrader that ameliorates HFD-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance via an autophagy-independent lysosomal pathway. Autophagy 2020; 17:1592-1613. [PMID: 32432943 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1757955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SCAP (SREBF chaperone) regulates SREBFs (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors) processing and stability, and, thus, becomes an emerging drug target to treat dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease. However, the current known SCAP inhibitors, such as oxysterols, induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and NR1H3/LXRα (nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3)-SREBF1/SREBP-1 c-mediated hepatic steatosis, which severely limited the clinical application of this inhibitor. In this study, we identified a small molecule, lycorine, which binds to SCAP, which suppressed the SREBF pathway without inducing ER stress or activating NR1H3. Mechanistically, lycorine promotes SCAP lysosomal degradation in a macroautophagy/autophagy-independent pathway, a mechanism completely distinct from current SCAP inhibitors. Furthermore, we determined that SQSTM1 captured SCAP after its exit from the ER. The interaction of SCAP and SQSTM1 requires the WD40 domain of SCAP and the TB domain of SQSTM1. Interestingly, lycorine triggers the lysosome translocation of SCAP independent of autophagy. We termed this novel protein degradation pathway as the SQSTM1-mediated autophagy-independent lysosomal degradation (SMAILD) pathway. In vivo, lycorine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance in mice. Our study demonstrated that the inhibition of SCAP through the SMAILD pathway could be employed as a useful therapeutic strategy for treating metabolic diseases.Abbreviation: 25-OHD: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ABCG5: ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 5; ABCG8: ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 8; ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; AEBSF: 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride; AHI: anhydroicaritin; AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; APOE: apolipoprotein E; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; ATG: autophagy-related; BAT: brown adipose tissue; CD274/PD-L1: CD274 molecule; CETSA: cellular thermal shift assay; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; COPII: cytoplasmic coat protein complex-II; CQ: chloroquine; DDIT3/CHOP: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; DNL: de novo lipogenesis; EE: energy expenditure; EGFR: epithelial growth factor receptor; eMI: endosomal microautophagy; ERN1/IRE1α: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; FADS2: fatty acid desaturase 2; FASN: fatty acid synthase; GOT1/AST: glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1; GPT/ALT: glutamic-pyruvate transaminase; HMGCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; HMGCS1: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1; HSP90B1/GRP94: heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1; HSPA5/GRP78: heat hock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; INSIG1: insulin induced gene 1; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; LDLR: low density lipoprotein receptor; LyTACs: lysosome targeting chimeras; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MBTPS1: membrane bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; MST: microscale thermophoresis; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MVK: mevalonate kinase; PROTAC: proteolysis targeting chimera; RQ: respiratory quotient; SCAP: SREBF chaperone; SCD1: stearoyl-coenzemy A desaturase 1; SMAILD: sequestosome 1 mediated autophagy-independent lysosomal degradation; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SREBF: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor; TNFRSF10B/DR5: TNF receptor superfamily member 10b; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; UPR: unfolded protein response; WAT: white adipose tissue; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Guo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Si-Tong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Min Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Beijing Kanglisheng Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Pyone Myat Thu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Matsuoka H, Tokunaga R, Katayama M, Hosoda Y, Miya K, Sumi K, Ohishi A, Kamishikiryo J, Shima A, Michihara A. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α reduces lipid droplets by upregulating neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 in macrophages. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:32. [PMID: 32321446 PMCID: PMC7310410 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cholesterol ester (CE) in macrophages. Genetic ablation of NCEH1 promotes CE-laden macrophages and the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Dysregulation of NCEH1 levels is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis; however, relatively little is known regarding the mechanisms regulating NCEH1. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα)-deficient mice exhibit several phenotypes indicative of aberrant lipid metabolism, including dyslipidemia and increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Results In this study, inhibition of lipid droplet formation by RORα positively regulated NCEH1 expression in macrophages. In mammals, the NCEH1 promoter region was found to harbor putative RORα response elements (ROREs). Electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays showed that RORα binds and responds to ROREs in human NCEH1. Moreover, NCEH1 was upregulated through RORα via a phorbol myristate acetate-dependent mechanism during macrophage differentiation from THP1 cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of RORα significantly downregulated NCEH1 expression and accumulated lipid droplets in human hepatoma cells. In contrast, NCEH1 expression and removal of lipid droplets were induced by RORα agonist treatments and RORα overexpression in macrophages. Conclusion These data strongly suggested that NCEH1 is a direct RORα target, defining potential new roles for RORα in the inhibition of lipid droplet formation through NCEH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan.
| | - Riki Tokunaga
- Laboratory of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Miyu Katayama
- Laboratory of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hosoda
- Laboratory of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Miya
- Laboratory of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Kento Sumi
- Laboratory of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Ami Ohishi
- Laboratory of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Jun Kamishikiryo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Akiho Shima
- Laboratory of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Akihiro Michihara
- Laboratory of Genome Function and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
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21
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Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, Xu S, Atanasov AG. Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:596-670. [PMID: 31554644 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic lesions can be a promising approach to treat and prevent atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is determined by the balanced effects of three major interrelated biologic processes, including lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux. Natural products are a promising source for new lead structures. Multiple natural products and pharmaceutical agents can inhibit foam cell formation and thus exhibit antiatherosclerotic capacity by suppressing lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and/or promoting cholesterol ester hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux. This review summarizes recent findings on these three biologic processes and natural products with demonstrated potential to target such processes. Discussed also are potential future directions for studying the mechanisms of foam cell formation and the development of foam cell-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yingnan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Xingde Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Suowen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
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Enhanced cellular cholesterol efflux by naringenin is mediated through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress - ATF6 activity in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1472-1482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The Oxysterol 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Replication of Murine Norovirus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020097. [PMID: 30682775 PMCID: PMC6409565 DOI: 10.3390/v11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol, an essential component of mammalian cells, is also an important factor in the replicative-cycles of several human and animal viruses. The oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, is produced from cholesterol by the enzyme, cholesterol 25-hydroxylase. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) has been shown to have anti-viral activities against a wide range of viruses, including a range of positive-sense RNA viruses. In this study, we have investigated the role of 25-HC in norovirus replication using murine norovirus (MNV) as a model system. As a control, we employed herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), a pathogen previously shown to be inhibited by 25-HC. Consistent with previous studies, 25-HC inhibited HSV-1 replication in the MNV-susceptible cell line, RAW264.7. Treating RAW264.7 cells with sub-cytotoxic concentrations of 25-HC reduced the MNV titers. However, other sterols such as cholesterol or the oxysterol, 22-S-hydroxycholesterol (22-S-HC), did not inhibit MNV replication. Moreover, treating MNV-infected RAW264.7 cells with 25-HC-stimulated caspase 3/7 activity, which leads to enhanced apoptosis and increased cell death. Our study adds noroviruses to the list of viruses inhibited by 25-HC and begins to offer insights into the mechanism behind this inhibition.
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Cbl-b deficiency provides protection against UVB-induced skin damage by modulating inflammatory gene signature. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:835. [PMID: 30082827 PMCID: PMC6079082 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, inflammation, and immune suppression that ultimately lead to skin cancer. However, some of the pathways that regulate these events are poorly understood. We exposed mice to UVB to study its early effects in the absence of Cbl-b, a known suppressor of antitumor immune response in the skin. Cbl-b-/- mice were protected from UV-induced cell damage as shown by the lower number of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and sunburn cells in exposed skin compared to wild-type mice. Microarray data revealed that deficiency of Cbl-b resulted in differential expression of genes involved in apoptosis evasion, tumor suppression and cell survival in UV-exposed skin. After UVB, Cbl-b-/- mice upregulated gene expression pattern associated with regulation of epidermal cell proliferation linked to Wnt signaling mediators and enzymes that relate to cell removal and tissue remodeling like MMP12. Additionally, the skin of Cbl-b-/- mice was protected from chronic inflammatory responses and epidermal hyperplasia in a 4-weeks UVB treatment protocol. Overall, our results suggest a novel role for Cbl-b in regulating inflammation and physiologic clearance of damaged cells in response to UVB by modulating inflammatory gene signature.
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25
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Huangfu N, Wang Y, Cheng J, Xu Z, Wang S. Metformin protects against oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced macrophage apoptosis and inhibits lipid uptake. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2485-2491. [PMID: 29456653 PMCID: PMC5795518 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage apoptosis contributes to the formation of atherosclerosis. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, has been reported to attenuate lipid accumulation in macrophages. In this study, the effects of metformin on ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis were investigated and the mechanisms involved in this process were examined. By performing flow cytometry analysis, it was demonstrated that metformin inhibited ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis. Increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker proteins, including C/EBP-homologous protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A, and glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa, induced by ox-LDL was also reversed by metformin. Furthermore, ox-LDL-induced cytochrome c (cyto-c) release and mitochondrial membrane potential loss were inhibited by metformin. As lipid uptake in macrophages contributed to ER stress, cyto-c release and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, the mechanisms involved in metformin-inhibited macrophage lipid uptake were investigated. Expression of scavenger receptors, including scavenger receptor A, cluster of differentiation 36 and lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 was examined in the presence or absence of metformin with ox-LDL treatment. Additionally, the upstream regulatory mechanism of scavenger receptors by metformin was also analyzed. In conclusion, metformin protects against ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis and inhibits macrophage lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huangfu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Jingsong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Shenghuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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26
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Shen C, Zhou J, Wang X, Yu XY, Liang C, Liu B, Pan X, Zhao Q, Song JL, Wang J, Bao M, Wu C, Li Y, Song YH. Angiotensin-II-induced Muscle Wasting is Mediated by 25-Hydroxycholesterol via GSK3β Signaling Pathway. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:238-250. [PMID: 28161398 PMCID: PMC5474518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While angiotensin II (ang II) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac cachexia (CC), the molecules that mediate ang II's wasting effect have not been identified. It is known TNF-α level is increased in patients with CC, and TNF-α release is triggered by ang II. We therefore hypothesized that ang II induced muscle wasting is mediated by TNF-α. Ang II infusion led to skeletal muscle wasting in wild type (WT) but not in TNF alpha type 1 receptor knockout (TNFR1KO) mice, suggesting that ang II induced muscle loss is mediated by TNF-α through its type 1 receptor. Microarray analysis identified cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) as the down stream target of TNF-α. Intraperitoneal injection of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), the product of Ch25h, resulted in muscle loss in C57BL/6 mice, accompanied by increased expression of atrogin-1, MuRF1 and suppression of IGF-1/Akt signaling pathway. The identification of 25-OHC as an inducer of muscle wasting has implications for the development of specific treatment strategies in preventing muscle loss. Ang II induced muscle wasting is mediated by TNF-α, which in turn up regulates Ch25h Knockout of TNFR1 inhibits the production of 25-OHC and blocks ang II induced muscle loss in mice 25-OHC injection induces muscle wasting in mice by activating GSK3β A GSK3β inhibitor blocks ang II induced muscle atrophy, which paves the way for targeted therapy to treat muscle wasting
Cardiac cachexia (CC), a condition characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting, is a serious complication that occurs in patients with chronic heart failure. This condition impairs patient's daily physical activity and their quality of life. Specific therapy for CC is currently unavailable because the pathogenesis remains unknown. Previous studies have identified angiotensin II (ang II) as an important mediator of CC. We now report a previously unrecognized role of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) in mediating ang II induced muscle loss. The identification of 25-OHC as a muscle wasting inducer has implications for the development of therapeutic intervention in preserving muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Shen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jenny Lee Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Meiyu Bao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Chaofan Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yangxin Li
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and the Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
| | - Yao-Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
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Zhong W, Pan G, Wang L, Li S, Ou J, Xu M, Li J, Zhu B, Cao X, Ma H, Li C, Xu J, Olkkonen VM, Staels B, Yan D. ORP4L Facilitates Macrophage Survival via G-Protein-Coupled Signaling: ORP4L-/- Mice Display a Reduction of Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2016; 119:1296-1312. [PMID: 27729467 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Macrophage survival within the arterial wall is a central factor contributing to atherogenesis. Oxysterols, major components of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, exert cytotoxic effects on macrophages. OBJECTIVE To determine whether oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 4 L (ORP4L), an oxysterol-binding protein, affects macrophage survival and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS By hiring cell biological approaches and ORP4L-/- mice, we show that ORP4L coexpresses with and forms a complex with Gαq/11 and phospholipase C (PLC)-β3 in macrophages. ORP4L facilitates G-protein-coupled ligand-induced PLCβ3 activation, IP3 production, and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Through this mechanism, ORP4L sustains antiapoptotic Bcl-XL expression through Ca2+-mediated c-AMP responsive element binding protein transcriptional regulation and thus protects macrophages from apoptosis. Excessive stimulation with the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol disassembles the ORP4L/Gαq/11/PLCβ3 complexes, resulting in reduced PLCβ3 activity, IP3 production, and Ca2+ release, as well as decreased Bcl-XL expression and increased apoptosis. Overexpression of ORP4L counteracts these oxysterol-induced defects. Mice lacking ORP4L exhibit increased apoptosis of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and a reduced lesion size. CONCLUSIONS ORP4L is crucial for macrophage survival. It counteracts the cytotoxicity of oxysterols/oxidized low-density lipoprotein to protect macrophage from apoptosis, thus playing an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhong
- From the Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., G.P., L.W., J.L., B.Z., X.C., H.M., C.L., D.Y.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland (S.L., V.M.O.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital (J.O.) and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (M.X., J.X.); and U1011 Inserm, EGID, Université Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (B.S.)
| | - Guoping Pan
- From the Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., G.P., L.W., J.L., B.Z., X.C., H.M., C.L., D.Y.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland (S.L., V.M.O.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital (J.O.) and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (M.X., J.X.); and U1011 Inserm, EGID, Université Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (B.S.)
| | - Lin Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., G.P., L.W., J.L., B.Z., X.C., H.M., C.L., D.Y.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland (S.L., V.M.O.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital (J.O.) and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (M.X., J.X.); and U1011 Inserm, EGID, Université Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (B.S.)
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Li J, Zheng X, Lou N, Zhong W, Yan D. Oxysterol binding protein-related protein 8 mediates the cytotoxicity of 25-hydroxycholesterol. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1845-1853. [PMID: 27530118 PMCID: PMC5036365 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m069906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are 27-carbon oxidized derivatives of cholesterol or by-products of cholesterol biosynthesis that can induce cell apoptosis in addition to a number of other bioactions. However, the mechanisms underlying this cytotoxicity are not completely understood. ORP8 is a member of the oxysterol binding protein-related protein (ORP) family, implicated in cellular lipid homeostasis, migration, and organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Here, we report that 25-hydroxycholesterol (OHC) induced apoptosis of the hepatoma cell lines, HepG2 and Huh7, via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway, and ORP8 overexpression resulted in a similar cell response as 25-OHC, indicating a putative functional relationship between oxysterol cytotoxicity and ORP8. Further experiments demonstrated that ORP8 overexpression significantly enhanced the 25-OHC effect on ER stress and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. A truncated ORP8 construct lacking the ligand-binding domain or a closely related protein, ORP5, was devoid of this activity, evidencing for specificity of the observed effects. Importantly, ORP8 knockdown markedly dampened such responses to 25-OHC. Taken together, the present study suggests that ORP8 may mediate the cytotoxicity of 25-OHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Li
- Department of Biotechnology Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiuting Zheng
- Department of Biotechnology Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ning Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- Department of Biotechnology Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Daoguang Yan
- Department of Biotechnology Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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29
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Park SH, Kang MK, Choi YJ, Kim YH, Antika LD, Lim SS, Kang YH. Dietary compound α-asarone alleviates ER stress-mediated apoptosis in 7β-hydroxycholesterol-challenged macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1033-47. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Lucia Dwi Antika
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
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30
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Liu MQ, Chen Z, Chen LX. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a novel mechanism and therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:425-43. [PMID: 26838072 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum is a principal organelle responsible for folding, post-translational modifications and transport of secretory, luminal and membrane proteins, thus palys an important rale in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a condition that is accelerated by accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins after endoplasmic reticulum environment disturbance, triggered by a variety of physiological and pathological factors, such as nutrient deprivation, altered glycosylation, calcium depletion, oxidative stress, DNA damage and energy disturbance, etc. ERS may initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cellular homeostasis or lead to apoptosis. Numerous studies have clarified the link between ERS and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on ERS-associated molecular mechanisms that participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes of heart and blood vessels. In addition, a number of drugs that regulate ERS was introduced, which may be used to treat cardiovascular diseases. This review may open new avenues for studying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and discovering novel drugs targeting ERS.
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Kuder CH, Weivoda MM, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Neighbors JD, Wiemer DF, Hohl RJ. 3-Deoxyschweinfurthin B Lowers Cholesterol Levels by Decreasing Synthesis and Increasing Export in Cultured Cancer Cell Lines. Lipids 2015; 50:1195-207. [PMID: 26494560 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The schweinfurthins have potent antiproliferative activity in multiple glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines; however, the mechanism by which growth is impeded is not fully understood. Previously, we demonstrated that the schweinfurthins reduce the level of key isoprenoid intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Herein, we describe the effects of the schweinfurthins on cholesterol homeostasis. Intracellular cholesterol levels are greatly reduced in cells incubated with 3-deoxyschweinfurthin B (3dSB), an analog of the natural product schweinfurthin B. Decreased cholesterol levels are due to decreased cholesterol synthesis and increased cholesterol efflux; both of these cellular actions can be influenced by liver X-receptor (LXR) activation. The effects of 3dSB on ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 levels and other LXR targets are similar to that of 25-hydroxycholesterol, an LXR agonist. Unlike 25-hydroxycholesterol, 3dSB does not act as a direct agonist for LXR α or β. These data suggest that cholesterol homeostasis plays a significant role in the growth inhibitory activity of the schweinfurthins and may elucidate a mechanism that can be targeted in human cancers such as GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig H Kuder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Megan M Weivoda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Junjia Zhu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Neighbors
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David F Wiemer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Raymond J Hohl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,, Mail Code CH72, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA. .,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Pordal AH, Hajmiresmail SJ, Assadpoor-Piranfar M, Hedayati M, Ajami M. Plasma oxysterol level in patients with coronary artery stenosis and its changes in response to the treatment with atorvastatin. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015; 29:192. [PMID: 26157710 PMCID: PMC4476218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the increasing incidence of coronary artery stenosis and its related complications, the importance of its etiology and inconsistent reports we aimed to determine the relationship between oxysterol, serum levels and severity of coronary atherosclerosis and effect of statins onoxysterol. METHODS A total of 85 patients referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2011-2012 withcoronary artery stenosis more than 75%, as determined by angiography, participated in the currentstudy. Their demographic information and history of smoking and taking atorvastatin was carefullyrecorded. Two milliliters of venous blood was obtained from each patient. The serum oxysterol levelof samples was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statisticalanalysis was performed using SPSS v.19. RESULTS Eighty five patients completed the study. Mean age of patients was 64.4 years; 51 (60%)were male; 55 (68%) had acute coronary syndrome and 30 (32%) had chronic stable angina.Mean±SD of plasma level of oxysterol was 24.8±0.2 pmol/ml. The normal range of oxysterol levelwas 13pmol/ml. Mean±SD of plasma oxysterol level in patients under statin therapy was 24.4±2.1pmol/ml. In patients without receiving statins, plasma oxysterol level was 26.38±1.6pmol/ml. CONCLUSION Findings of the present study indicated significant correlation between serum oxysteroland severity of coronary artery stenosis. It also demonstrated that receiving atorvastatin is associatedwith significant reduction of plasma oxysterol level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir-Hamzeh Pordal
- 1 PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
,
* We are very sorry to announce that the author passed away.
| | - Seyed Javad Hajmiresmail
- 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Assadpoor-Piranfar
- 3 Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, Taleghani Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- 4 PhD, Associate Professor, Head of Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marjan Ajami
- 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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