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Li Z, Hu T, Li R, Li J, Wang Y, Li Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Jiani X. Effect of DHCR7 on adipocyte differentiation in goats. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2298399. [PMID: 38157229 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2298399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is regarded as a signaling molecule in regulating the metabolism and function of fat cells, in which 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, however, the exact function of DHCR7 in goat adipocytes remains unknown. Here, the effect of DHCR7 on the formation of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat in goats was investigated in vitro, and the result indicated that the mRNA level of DHCR7 showed a gradual downward trend in subcutaneous adipogenesis, but an opposite trend in intramuscular adipogenesis. In the process of subcutaneous preadipocytes differentiation, overexpression of DHCR7 inhibited the expression of adipocytes differentiation marker genes (CEBP/α, CEBP/β, SREBP1 and AP2), lipid metabolism-related genes (AGPAT6, FASN, SCD1 and LPL), and the lipid accumulation. However, in intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation, DHCR7 overexpression showed a promoting effect on adipocyte differentiation marker genes (CEBP/α, CEBP/β, PPARγ and SREBP1) and lipid metabolism-related genes (GPAM, AGPAT6, DGAT1 and SCD1) expression, and on lipid accumulation. In summary, our work demonstrated that DHCR7 played an important role in regulating adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism in preadipocytes in goats, which is of great significance for uncovering the underlying molecular mechanism of adipocyte differentiation and improving goat meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Jiani
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Kumar P, Goettemoeller AM, Espinosa-Garcia C, Tobin BR, Tfaily A, Nelson RS, Natu A, Dammer EB, Santiago JV, Malepati S, Cheng L, Xiao H, Duong DD, Seyfried NT, Wood LB, Rowan MJM, Rangaraju S. Native-state proteomics of Parvalbumin interneurons identifies unique molecular signatures and vulnerabilities to early Alzheimer's pathology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2823. [PMID: 38561349 PMCID: PMC10985119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs) may represent an early pathophysiological perturbation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Defining early proteomic alterations in PV-INs can provide key biological and translationally-relevant insights. We used cell-type-specific in-vivo biotinylation of proteins (CIBOP) coupled with mass spectrometry to obtain native-state PV-IN proteomes. PV-IN proteomic signatures include high metabolic and translational activity, with over-representation of AD-risk and cognitive resilience-related proteins. In bulk proteomes, PV-IN proteins were associated with cognitive decline in humans, and with progressive neuropathology in humans and the 5xFAD mouse model of Aβ pathology. PV-IN CIBOP in early stages of Aβ pathology revealed signatures of increased mitochondria and metabolism, synaptic and cytoskeletal disruption and decreased mTOR signaling, not apparent in whole-brain proteomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated pre-synaptic defects in PV-to-excitatory neurotransmission, validating our proteomic findings. Overall, in this study we present native-state proteomes of PV-INs, revealing molecular insights into their unique roles in cognitive resiliency and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Annie M Goettemoeller
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Brendan R Tobin
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ali Tfaily
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ruth S Nelson
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Aditya Natu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Juliet V Santiago
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sneha Malepati
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Hailian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Duc D Duong
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Levi B Wood
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, GeoInsrgia titute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Matthew J M Rowan
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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3
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Jiang Y, Luo P, Cao Y, Peng D, Huo S, Guo J, Wang M, Shi W, Zhang C, Li S, Lin L, Lv J. The role of STAT3/VAV3 in glucolipid metabolism during the development of HFD-induced MAFLD. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2027-2043. [PMID: 38617550 PMCID: PMC11008271 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a globally prevalent chronic hepatic disease. Previous studies have indicated that the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3) plays a vital role in MAFLD progression at the very beginning. However, the specific association between STAT3 and abnormal hepatic metabolism remains unclear. In this study, activated inflammation was observed to induce abnormal glucolipid metabolic disorders in the hepatic tissues of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, we found that the activation of STAT3 induced by HFD might function as a transcriptional factor to suppress the expression of VAV3, which might participate in intracellular glucolipid metabolism and the regulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) storage vesicle traffic in the development of MAFLD both in vitro and in vivo. We verified that VAV3 deficiency could retard the GLUT4 membrane translocation and impair the glucose homeostasis. Additionally, VAV3 participates in cholesterol metabolism in hepatocytes, eventually resulting in the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol. Moreover, rAAV8-TBG-VAV3 was conducted to restore the expression of VAV3 in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. VAV3 overexpression was observed to improve glucose homeostasis as well as attenuate hepatic cholesterol accumulation in vivo. In conclusion, the STAT3/VAV3 signaling pathway might play a significant role in MAFLD by regulating glucose and cholesterol metabolism, and VAV3 might be a potential therapeutic strategy which could consequently ameliorate MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Departments of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dewei Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengqi Huo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Moran Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Departments of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Fu X, Wang Z. DHCR24 in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241259780. [PMID: 38847653 PMCID: PMC11162140 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241259780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important nutrient in the human body, cholesterol can not only provide structural components for the body's cells, but also can be transformed into a variety of active substances to regulate cell signaling pathways. As an important cholesterol synthase, DHCR24 participates in important regulatory processes in the body. The application of DHCR24 in tumor clinical diagnosis and treatment also attracts much attention. This article reviews the structure and regulatory characteristics of DHCR24, and the research of DHCR24 on tumor progression. We summarize the possible mechanisms of DHCR24 promoting tumor progression through reactive oxygen species (ROS), p53, Ras and PI3K-AKT pathways. Through our review, we hope to provide more research ideas and reference value for the application of DHCR24 in tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaosong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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5
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Du X, Zhu Q, Pian H, Yang X, Zhao D, Wu X, He J, Yu D. Transcriptome Analysis of Granulosa Cells Reveals Regulatory Mechanisms Related to Chicken Follicle Development. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:20. [PMID: 38200750 PMCID: PMC10777934 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to better understand the difference between the functions of the two types of granulosa cells and sought to discover more key genes involved in follicle development and follicle selection. Herein, we separately collected pre-hierarchical follicle granulosa cells (PHGCs) and preovulatory follicle granulosa cells (POGCs) for RNA extraction; the transcriptomes of the two groups were compared via RNA-seq. A total of 5273 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the PHGCs and POGCs; 2797 genes were up-regulated and 2476 were down-regulated in the PHGCs compared with the POGCs. A qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression patterns of 16 randomly selected DEGs were highly consistent with the RNA-seq results. In the POGCs, many of the genes with the most significant increase in expression were related to steroid hormone synthesis. In addition, the genes with the most significant decline in expression, including AMH and WT1, were related to the inhibition of steroid hormone synthesis. These results suggest that steroid hormones play a key role in follicle development. Furthermore, a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in the primary metabolic process, the carbohydrate metabolic process, the cellular process, ribosomes, the cytoplasm, and intracellular processes. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, the cell cycle, ribosomes, the TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and so on. We also observed the morphology of the follicles at different developmental stages, and the results showed that the thickness of the granular layer of the small yellow follicles (SYFs) decreased significantly with further development. In addition, we also found that the thickness of the granulosa layer of hens over 300 days old was significantly lower than that of 200-day-old hens. In short, these data indicate that the tissue morphology and function of granulosa cells change throughout follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Du
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Qizhao Zhu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Huifang Pian
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- College of Animal Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China;
| | - Dong Zhao
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiawen He
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.D.); (Q.Z.); (H.P.); (X.W.); (J.H.)
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Sun Q, Liu D, Cui W, Cheng H, Huang L, Zhang R, Gu J, Liu S, Zhuang X, Lu Y, Chu B, Li J. Cholesterol mediated ferroptosis suppression reveals essential roles of Coenzyme Q and squalene. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1108. [PMID: 37914914 PMCID: PMC10620397 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that fatty acid metabolism is profoundly involved in ferroptosis. However, the role of cholesterol in this process remains incompletely understood. In this work, we show that modulating cholesterol levels changes vulnerability of cells to ferroptosis. Cholesterol alters metabolic flux of the mevalonate pathway by promoting Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE) degradation, a rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis, thereby increasing both CoQ10 and squalene levels. Importantly, whereas inactivation of Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1), the branch point of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, exhibits minimal effect on ferroptosis, simultaneous inhibition of both CoQ10 and squalene biosynthesis completely abrogates the effect of cholesterol. Mouse models of ischemia-reperfusion and doxorubicin induced hepatoxicity confirm the protective role of cholesterol in ferroptosis. Our study elucidates a potential role of ferroptosis in diseases related to dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism and suggests a possible therapeutic target that involves ferroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Diming Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiao Zhuang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Bo Chu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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7
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Evangelista JE, Clarke DJB, Xie Z, Marino GB, Utti V, Jenkins SL, Ahooyi TM, Bologa CG, Yang JJ, Binder JL, Kumar P, Lambert CG, Grethe JS, Wenger E, Taylor D, Oprea TI, de Bono B, Ma'ayan A. Toxicology knowledge graph for structural birth defects. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:98. [PMID: 37460679 PMCID: PMC10352311 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth defects are functional and structural abnormalities that impact about 1 in 33 births in the United States. They have been attributed to genetic and other factors such as drugs, cosmetics, food, and environmental pollutants during pregnancy, but for most birth defects there are no known causes. METHODS To further characterize associations between small molecule compounds and their potential to induce specific birth abnormalities, we gathered knowledge from multiple sources to construct a reproductive toxicity Knowledge Graph (ReproTox-KG) with a focus on associations between birth defects, drugs, and genes. Specifically, we gathered data from drug/birth-defect associations from co-mentions in published abstracts, gene/birth-defect associations from genetic studies, drug- and preclinical-compound-induced gene expression changes in cell lines, known drug targets, genetic burden scores for human genes, and placental crossing scores for small molecules. RESULTS Using ReproTox-KG and semi-supervised learning (SSL), we scored >30,000 preclinical small molecules for their potential to cross the placenta and induce birth defects, and identified >500 birth-defect/gene/drug cliques that can be used to explain molecular mechanisms for drug-induced birth defects. The ReproTox-KG can be accessed via a web-based user interface available at https://maayanlab.cloud/reprotox-kg . This site enables users to explore the associations between birth defects, approved and preclinical drugs, and all human genes. CONCLUSIONS ReproTox-KG provides a resource for exploring knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of birth defects with the potential of predicting the likelihood of genes and preclinical small molecules to induce birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Erol Evangelista
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Daniel J B Clarke
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zhuorui Xie
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Giacomo B Marino
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vivian Utti
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sherry L Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cristian G Bologa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Informatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jeremy J Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Informatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jessica L Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Informatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Informatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Christophe G Lambert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Informatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Grethe
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eric Wenger
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deanne Taylor
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Informatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Bernard de Bono
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Guirgis FW, Jacob V, Wu D, Henson M, Daly-Crews K, Hopson C, Black LP, DeVos EL, Sulaiman D, Labilloy G, Brusko TM, Shavit JA, Bertrand A, Feldhammer M, Baskovich B, Graim K, Datta S, Reddy ST. DHCR7 Expression Predicts Poor Outcomes and Mortality From Sepsis. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0929. [PMID: 37332366 PMCID: PMC10270496 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a study of lipid metabolic gene expression patterns to discover precision medicine for sepsis. OBJECTIVES Sepsis patients experience poor outcomes including chronic critical illness (CCI) or early death (within 14 d). We investigated lipid metabolic gene expression differences by outcome to discover therapeutic targets. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICITPANTS Secondary analysis of samples from prospectively enrolled sepsis patients (first 24 hr) and a zebrafish endotoxemia model for drug discovery. Patients were enrolled from the emergency department or ICU at an urban teaching hospital. Enrollment samples from sepsis patients were analyzed. Clinical data and cholesterol levels were recorded. Leukocytes were processed for RNA sequencing and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A lipopolysaccharide zebrafish endotoxemia model was used for confirmation of human transcriptomic findings and drug discovery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The derivation cohort included 96 patients and controls (12 early death, 13 CCI, 51 rapid recovery, and 20 controls) and the validation cohort had 52 patients (6 early death, 8 CCI, and 38 rapid recovery). RESULTS The cholesterol metabolism gene 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) was significantly up-regulated in both derivation and validation cohorts in poor outcome sepsis compared with rapid recovery patients and in 90-day nonsurvivors (validation only) and validated using RT-qPCR analysis. Our zebrafish sepsis model showed up-regulation of dhcr7 and several of the same lipid genes up-regulated in poor outcome human sepsis (dhcr24, sqlea, cyp51, msmo1, and ldlra) compared with controls. We then tested six lipid-based drugs in the zebrafish endotoxemia model. Of these, only the Dhcr7 inhibitor AY9944 completely rescued zebrafish from lipopolysaccharide death in a model with 100% lethality. CONCLUSIONS DHCR7, an important cholesterol metabolism gene, was up-regulated in poor outcome sepsis patients warranting external validation. This pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve sepsis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem W Guirgis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Vinitha Jacob
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan College of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dongyuan Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Morgan Henson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Kimberly Daly-Crews
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Charlotte Hopson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Lauren Page Black
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Elizabeth L DeVos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Dawoud Sulaiman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jordan A Shavit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew Bertrand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Matthew Feldhammer
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brett Baskovich
- Department of Pathology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kiley Graim
- Computer and Information Science Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Kumar P, Goettemoeller AM, Espinosa-Garcia C, Tobin BR, Tfaily A, Nelson RS, Natu A, Dammer EB, Santiago JV, Malepati S, Cheng L, Xiao H, Duong D, Seyfried NT, Wood LB, Rowan MJ, Rangaraju S. Native-state proteomics of Parvalbumin interneurons identifies novel molecular signatures and metabolic vulnerabilities to early Alzheimer's disease pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541038. [PMID: 37292756 PMCID: PMC10245729 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the earliest pathophysiological perturbations in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) may arise from dysfunction of fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons (PV-INs). Defining early protein-level (proteomic) alterations in PV-INs can provide key biological and translationally relevant insights. Here, we use cell-type-specific in vivo biotinylation of proteins (CIBOP) coupled with mass spectrometry to obtain native-state proteomes of PV interneurons. PV-INs exhibited proteomic signatures of high metabolic, mitochondrial, and translational activity, with over-representation of causally linked AD genetic risk factors. Analyses of bulk brain proteomes indicated strong correlations between PV-IN proteins with cognitive decline in humans, and with progressive neuropathology in humans and mouse models of Aβ pathology. Furthermore, PV-IN-specific proteomes revealed unique signatures of increased mitochondrial and metabolic proteins, but decreased synaptic and mTOR signaling proteins in response to early Aβ pathology. PV-specific changes were not apparent in whole-brain proteomes. These findings showcase the first native state PV-IN proteomes in mammalian brain, revealing a molecular basis for their unique vulnerabilities in AD.
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10
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Landes JR, Bartley BR, Moore SA, He Q, Simonette R, Rady PL, Doan HQ, Tyring SK. Effect of selinexor on lipogenesis in virus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023:7164142. [PMID: 37191210 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine cutaneous carcinoma aetiologically linked to the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently the first-line therapy for metastatic MCC; however, the treatment is effective in only about half of patients, highlighting the need for alternative therapies. Selinexor (KPT-330) is a selective inhibitor of nuclear exportin 1 (XPO1) and has been shown to inhibit MCC cell growth in vitro, but the pathogenesis has not been established. Decades of research have established that cancer cells significantly upregulate lipogenesis to meet an increased demand for fatty acids and cholesterol. Treatments that inhibit lipogenic pathways may halt cancer cell proliferation. AIM To determine the effect of increasing doses of selinexor on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in MCPyV-positive MCC (MCCP) cell lines and aid in elucidating the mechanism by which selinexor prevents and reduces MCC growth. METHODS MKL-1 and MS-1 cell lines were treated with increasing doses of selinexor for 72 h. Protein expression quantification was determined using chemiluminescent Western immunoblotting and densitometric analysis. Fatty acids and cholesterol were quantified using free fatty acid assay and cholesterol ester detection kits. RESULTS Selinexor causes statistically significant reductions of the lipogenic transcription factors sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 and 2, and lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, squalene synthase and 3β-hydroxysterol Δ-24-reductase in a dose-dependent manner in two MCCP cell lines. Although inhibiting the fatty acid synthesis pathway results in meaningful decreases in fatty acids, the cellular cholesterol levels did not demonstrate such reductions. CONCLUSION For patients with metastatic MCC refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors, selinexor may provide clinical benefit through the inhibition of the lipogenesis pathway; however, further research and clinical trials are needed to evaluate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Landes
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brooke R Bartley
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen A Moore
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qin He
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Simonette
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter L Rady
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hung Q Doan
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Chen J, Cai B, Tian C, Jiang D, Shi H, Huang Y, Zhu C, Li G, Deng S. RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) Analysis Reveals Liver Lipid Metabolism Divergent Adaptive Response to Low- and High-Salinity Stress in Spotted Scat ( Scatophagus argus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091503. [PMID: 37174540 PMCID: PMC10177406 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) can tolerate a wide range of salinity fluctuations. It is a good model for studying environmental salinity adaptation. Lipid metabolism plays an important role in salinity adaptation in fish. To elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism in the osmoregulation, the liver transcriptome was analyzed after 22 d culture with a salinity of 5 ppt (Low-salinity group: LS), 25 ppt (Control group: Ctrl), and 35 ppt (High-salinity group: HS) water by using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in spotted scat. RNA-seq analysis showed that 1276 and 2768 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the LS vs. Ctrl and HS vs. Ctrl, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the pathways of steroid hormone biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and lipid metabolism were significantly enriched in the LS vs. Ctrl. The genes of steroid biosynthesis (sqle, dhcr7, and cyp51a1), steroid hormone biosynthesis (ugt2a1, ugt2a2, ugt2b20, and ugt2b31), and glycerophospholipid metabolism (cept1, pla2g4a, and ptdss2) were significantly down-regulated in the LS vs. Ctrl. The pathways related to lipid metabolisms, such as fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, were significantly enriched in the HS vs. Ctrl. The genes of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (scd1, hacd3, fads2, pecr, and elovl1) and adipocytokine signaling pathway (g6pc1, socs1, socs3, adipor2, pck1, and pparα) were significantly up-regulated in the HS vs. Ctrl. These results suggest that the difference in liver lipid metabolism is important to adapt to low- and high-salinity stress in spotted scat, which clarifies the molecular regulatory mechanisms of salinity adaptation in euryhaline fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqing Chen
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Bosheng Cai
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Changxu Tian
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dongneng Jiang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hongjuan Shi
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Siping Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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12
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Wang J, Shi R, Yang Q, Chen Z, Wang J, Gong Z, Chen S, Wang N. Characterization and potential function of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr7) and lathosterol 5-desaturase (sc5d) in Cynoglossus semilaevis sexual size dimorphism. Gene X 2023; 853:147089. [PMID: 36470484 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical sexual size dimorphism (SSD) phenomenon of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) seriously restricts the sustainable development of the fishing industry. Previous transcriptome analysis has found a close relationship between the steroid biosynthesis and C. semilaevis SSD. The 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr7) and lathosterol 5-desaturase (sc5d) are two genes in the steroid biosynthesis pathway, playing important roles in lipid synthesis, cellular metabolism, and growth. The present study assessed their roles in the mechanism of C. semilaevis SSD. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that C. semilaevis dhcr7 was mainly expressed in female livers, and C. semilaevis sc5d was highly expressed in female livers and gonads. Dual-luciferase experiment showed that dhcr7 and sc5d promoters had strong transcriptional activity. The transcription factors E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) significantly regulated the transcriptional activity of dhcr7 and sc5d promoters, respectively. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown results showed that expression levels of several genes [SREBF chaperone (scap), membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1 (mbtps1), fatty acid synthase (fasn), sonic hedgehog (shh), bone morphogenetic protein 2b (bmp2b) and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (akt1)] were suppressed. Protein subcellular localization results indicated that Dhcr7 and Sc5d were both specifically distributed in the cytoplasm, with co-localization been observed. The present study provides evidence that dhcr7 and sc5d might regulate C. semilaevis sexual size dimorphism by involving in energy homeostasis and cell cycle, or by affecting PI3K-Akt and Shh signaling pathways. The detailed roles of these steroid biosynthesis genes regulating C. semilaevis SSD needed more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhangfan Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihong Gong
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Chen W, Li Y, Yu X, Wang Z, Wang W, Rao M, Li Y, Luo Z, Zhang Q, Liu J, Wu J. Zika virus non-structural protein 4B interacts with DHCR7 to facilitate viral infection. Virol Sin 2023; 38:23-33. [PMID: 36182074 PMCID: PMC10006206 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) evolves non-structural proteins to evade immune response and ensure efficient replication in the host cells. Cholesterol metabolic enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) was recently reported to impact innate immune responses in ZIKV infection. However, the vital non-structural protein and mechanisms involved in DHCR7-mediated viral evasion are not well elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that ZIKV infection facilitated DHCR7 expression. Notably, the upregulated DHCR7 in turn facilitated ZIKV infection and blocking DHCR7 suppressed ZIKV infection. Mechanically, ZIKV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B) interacted with DHCR7 to induce DHCR7 expression. Moreover, DHCR7 inhibited TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation, which resulted in the reduction of interferon-beta (IFN-β) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) productions. Therefore, we propose that ZIKV NS4B binds to DHCR7 to repress TBK1 and IRF3 activation, which in turn inhibits IFN-β and ISGs, and thereby facilitating ZIKV evasion. This study broadens the insights on how viral non-structural proteins antagonize innate immunity to facilitate viral infection via cholesterol metabolic enzymes and intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Halison International Peace Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Hengshui, 053000, China
| | - Xiuling Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Menglan Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China.
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China.
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Guirgis FW, Jacob V, Wu D, Henson M, Daly-Crews K, Hopson C, Black LP, DeVos EL, Sulaiman D, Labilloy G, Brusko TM, Shavit JA, Bertrand A, Feldhammer M, Baskovich B, Graim K, Datta S, Reddy ST. DHCR7 Expression Predicts Poor Outcomes and Mortality from Sepsis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2500497. [PMID: 36778468 PMCID: PMC9915766 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2500497/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Sepsis patients experience poor outcomes including chronic critical illness (CCI) or early death (within 14 days). We investigated lipid metabolic gene expression differences by outcome to discover therapeutic targets. Design: Secondary analysis of samples from prospectively enrolled sepsis patients and a zebrafish sepsis model for drug discovery. Setting: Emergency department or ICU at an urban teaching hospital. Patients: Sepsis patients presenting within 24 hours. Methods: Enrollment samples from sepsis patients were analyzed. Clinical data and cholesterol levels were recorded. Leukocytes were processed for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) zebrafish sepsis model was used for confirmation of human transcriptomic findings and drug discovery. Measurements and Main Results: There were 96 samples in the derivation (76 sepsis, 20 controls) and 52 in the validation cohort (sepsis only). The cholesterol metabolism gene 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase ( DHCR7) was significantly upregulated in both derivation and validation cohorts in poor outcome sepsis compared to rapid recovery patients and in 90-day non-survivors (validation only) and validated using RT-qPCR analysis. Our zebrafish sepsis model showed upregulation of dhcr7 and several of the same lipid genes upregulated in poor outcome human sepsis (dhcr24, sqlea, cyp51, msmo1 , ldlra) compared to controls. We then tested six lipid-based drugs in the zebrafish sepsis model. Of these, only the Dhcr7 inhibitor AY9944 completely rescued zebrafish from LPS death in a model with 100% lethality. Conclusions: DHCR7, an important cholesterol metabolism gene, was upregulated in poor outcome sepsis patients warranting external validation. This pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve sepsis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Morgan Henson
- University of Florida College of Medicine – Jacksonville
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15
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Das O, Kundu J, Ghosh A, Gautam A, Ghosh S, Chakraborty M, Masid A, Gauri SS, Mitra D, Dutta M, Mukherjee B, Sinha S, Bhaumik M. AUF-1 knockdown in mice undermines gut microbial butyrate-driven hypocholesterolemia through AUF-1-Dicer-1-mir-122 hierarchy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1011386. [PMID: 36601302 PMCID: PMC9806232 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1011386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objective Cholesterol homeostasis is a culmination of cellular synthesis, efflux, and catabolism to important physiological entities where short chain fatty acid, butyrate embodied as a key player. This discourse probes the mechanistic molecular details of butyrate action in maintaining host-cholesterol balance. Methods Hepatic mir-122 being the most indispensable regulator of cholesterol metabolic enzymes, we studied upstream players of mir-122 biogenesis in the presence and absence of butyrate in Huh7 cells and mice model. We synthesized unique self-transfecting GMO (guanidinium-morpholino-oligo) linked PMO (Phosphorodiamidate-Morpholino Oligo)-based antisense cell-penetrating reagent to selectively knock down the key player in butyrate mediated cholesterol regulation. Results We showed that butyrate treatment caused upregulation of RNA-binding protein, AUF1 resulting in RNase-III nuclease, Dicer1 instability, and significant diminution of mir-122. We proved the importance of AUF1 and sequential downstream players in AUF1-knock-down mice. Injection of GMO-PMO of AUF1 in mouse caused near absence of AUF1 coupled with increased Dicer1 and mir-122, and reduced serum cholesterol regardless of butyrate treatment indicating that butyrate acts through AUF1. Conclusion The roster of intracellular players was as follows: AUF1-Dicer1-mir-122 for triggering butyrate driven hypocholesterolemia. To our knowledge this is the first report linking AUF-1 with cholesterol biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishika Das
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Jayanta Kundu
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Associations for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Atanu Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Associations for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Department of Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,International Max Planck Research School “From Molecules to Organisms”, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Souradeepa Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Aaheli Masid
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Samiran Sona Gauri
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Debmalya Mitra
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Budhaditya Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Surajit Sinha
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Associations for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Moumita Bhaumik
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India,*Correspondence: Moumita Bhaumik,
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The Non Catalytic Protein ERG28 has a Functional Role in Cholesterol Synthesis and is Coregulated Transcriptionally. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100295. [PMID: 36216146 PMCID: PMC9730225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis has been well characterized. However, there remain several potential interacting proteins that may play ancillary roles in the regulation of cholesterol production. Here, we identified ERG28 (chromosome 14 open reading frame 1 [C14orf1]), a homologue of the yeast protein Erg28p, as a player in mammalian cholesterol synthesis. ERG28 is conserved from yeast to humans but has been largely overlooked in mammals. Using quantitative RT-PCR, luciferase assays, and publicly available chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data, we found that transcription of this gene is driven by the transcription factor SREBP-2, akin to most cholesterol synthesis enzymes, as well as identifying sterol-responsive elements and cofactor binding sites in its proximal promoter. Based on a split luciferase system, ERG28 interacted with itself and two enzymes of cholesterol synthesis (NSDHL and SC4MOL). Huh7 ERG28-KO cell lines were generated, revealing reduced total cholesterol levels in sterol-depleted environments. In addition, radiolabeled metabolic flux assays showed a 60-75% reduction in the rate of cholesterol synthesis in the KO versus wild-type cells, which could be rescued by expression of ectopic ERG28. Unexpectedly, KO of ERG28 also impaired the activation of SREBP-2 under sterol-replete conditions, by a yet-to-be defined mechanism. These results indicate that ERG28 is clearly involved in cholesterol synthesis, although the precise role this noncatalytic protein plays in this complex metabolic pathway remains to be fully elucidated. A deeper understanding of ERG28, and other ancillary proteins of cholesterol synthesis, may help inform therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with aberrant cholesterol metabolism.
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Li H, Shen J, Ma S, Zhao F, Zhao W, Chen F, Fu Y, Li B, Cheng J, Deng Y. TGF-β1 suppresses de novo cholesterol biosynthesis in granulosa-lutein cells by down-regulating DHCR24 expression via the GSK-3β/EZH2/H3K27me3 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1118-1128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Aita R, Aldea D, Hassan S, Hur J, Pellon-Cardenas O, Cohen E, Chen L, Shroyer N, Christakos S, Verzi MP, Fleet JC. Genomic analysis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 action in mouse intestine reveals compartment and segment-specific gene regulatory effects. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102213. [PMID: 35779631 PMCID: PMC9358460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD) regulates intestinal calcium absorption in the small intestine (SI) and also reduces risk of colonic inflammation and cancer. However, the intestine compartment-specific target genes of VD signaling are unknown. Here, we examined VD action across three functional compartments of the intestine using RNA-seq to measure VD-induced changes in gene expression and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation with next generation sequencing to measure vitamin D receptor (VDR) genomic binding. We found that VD regulated the expression of 55 shared transcripts in the SI crypt, SI villi, and in the colon, including Cyp24a1, S100g, Trpv6, and Slc30a10. Other VD-regulated transcripts were unique to the SI crypt (162 up, 210 down), villi (199 up, 63 down), or colon (102 up, 28 down), but this did not correlate with mRNA levels of the VDR. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis identified unique VD-regulated biological functions in each compartment. VDR-binding sites were found in 70% of upregulated genes from the colon and SI villi but were less common in upregulated genes from the SI crypt and among downregulated genes, suggesting some transcript-level VD effects are likely indirect. Consistent with this, we show that VD regulated the expression of other transcription factors and their downstream targets. Finally, we demonstrate that compartment-specific VD-mediated gene expression was associated with compartment-specific VDR-binding sites (<30% of targets) and enrichment of intestinal transcription factor-binding motifs within VDR-binding peaks. Taken together, our data reveal unique spatial patterns of VD action in the intestine and suggest novel mechanisms that could account for compartment-specific functions of this hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Aita
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dennis Aldea
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sohaib Hassan
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Hur
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Oscar Pellon-Cardenas
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Evan Cohen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Noah Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, EOHSI, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA.
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
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Li L, Liu Z, Quan J, Sun J, Lu J, Zhao G. Comprehensive proteomic analysis to elucidate the anti-heat stress effects of nano-selenium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113736. [PMID: 35689887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of the continuous intensification of global warming, extreme climate fluctuations, and high-density farming, cold-water rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are exposed to conditions of heat stress, which has severely impacted their survival and yield. Nano-selenium (nano-Se) shows higher biological activity and lower toxicity and has emerged as an ideal and ecological Se formulation. Herein rainbow trout were fed either a basal diet (control group) or basal diet plus 5 mg/kg nano-Se (treatment group). Samples were collected before (18 °C for 9 days; CG18, Se18) and after (24 °C for 8 h; CG24, Se24) heat stress. The DIA/SWATH approach was then applied to compare changes at the proteome level. We found 223 and 269 differentially abundant proteins in the CG18-CG24 and Se18-Se24 groups, respectively, which mainly included apoptosis-, heat stress-, and lipid-related proteins. In comparison with the CG18-CG24 group, the Se18-Se24 group showed higher abundance of molecular chaperone, such as Hsp70, Hsp90a.1, Hspa8, Hsp30, DNAJA4, Dnajb1, Bag2 and Ahsa1; on nano-Se supplementation, the heat stress-induced decline in the abundance of the selenoprotein MsrB2 was partially restored. Furthermore, nano-Se supplementation downregulated the abundance of lipid-related (CYP51, EBP, DHCR7, DHCR24, and APOB) and pro-apoptotic (caspase-8 and Bad) proteins. Protein-protein interaction analyses suggested that nano-Se inhibits apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Hsp70, Hsp90a.1, Hspa8, and Dnajb1; further, Hsp70/Hspa8 and MsrB2 appear to play a synergistic role in antioxidant defense under heat stress. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into nano-Se-mediated tolerance of heat stress, demonstrating that nano-Se exerts its anti-heat stress effects in rainbow trout by promoting protein repair, enhancing recovery of antioxidant enzyme activity, and alleviating lipid metabolism and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Jinqiang Quan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Junhao Lu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Guiyan Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
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20
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Zhang N, Wang S, Wong CC. Proteomics research of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:427-445. [PMID: 37724330 PMCID: PMC10388787 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still spreading in a global scale, exerting a massive health and socioeconomic crisis. Deep insights into the molecular functions of the viral proteins and the pathogenesis of this infectious disease are urgently needed. In this review, we comprehensively describe the proteome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and summarize their protein interaction map with host cells. In the protein interaction network between the virus and the host, a total of 787 host prey proteins that appeared in at least two studies or were verified by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Together with 29 viral proteins, a network of 1762 proximal interactions were observed. We also review the proteomics results of COVID-19 patients and proved that SARS-CoV-2 hijacked the host's translation system, post-translation modification system, and energy supply system via viral proteins, resulting in various immune disorders, multiple cardiomyopathies, and cholesterol metabolism diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Catherine C.L. Wong
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
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21
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Bai X, Mai M, Yao K, Zhang M, Huang Y, Zhang W, Guo X, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Qurban A, Duan L, Bu J, Zhang J, Wu J, Zhao Y, Yuan X, Zu H. The role of DHCR24 in the pathogenesis of AD: re-cognition of the relationship between cholesterol and AD pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:35. [PMID: 35296367 PMCID: PMC8925223 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) has a remarked decline in the brain of AD patients. In brain cholesterol synthetic metabolism, DHCR24 is known as the heavily key synthetase in cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, mutations of DHCR24 gene result in inhibition of the enzymatic activity of DHCR24, causing brain cholesterol deficiency and desmosterol accumulation. Furthermore, in vitro studies also demonstrated that DHCR24 knockdown lead to the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, and the decrease of plasma membrane cholesterol and intracellular cholesterol level. Obviously, DHCR24 could play a crucial role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis via the control of cholesterol synthesis. Over the past two decades, accumulating data suggests that DHCR24 activity is downregulated by major risk factors for AD, suggesting a potential link between DHCR24 downregulation and AD pathogenesis. Thus, the brain cholesterol loss seems to be induced by the major risk factors for AD, suggesting a possible causative link between brain cholesterol loss and AD. According to previous data and our study, we further found that the reduced cholesterol level in plasma membrane and intracellular compartments by the deficiency of DHCR24 activity obviously was involved in β-amyloid generation, tau hyperphosphorylation, apoptosis. Importantly, increasing evidences reveal that the brain cholesterol loss and lipid raft disorganization are obviously linked to neuropathological impairments which are associated with AD pathogenesis. Therefore, based on previous data and research on DHCR24, we suppose that the brain cholesterol deficiency/loss might be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
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22
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Wang N, Gong Z, Wang J, Xu W, Yang Q, Chen S. Characterization of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase: Expression profile, epigenetic modification, and its knock-down effect. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 312:113870. [PMID: 34324841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The sexual size dimorphism of the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) has greatly obstructed its sustainable development; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Based on C. semilaevis transcriptomic information, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr24) was identified in steroid biosynthesis, showing female-liver-biased expression. Dhcr24 has been reported to participate in various processes, such as cholesterol synthesis, oxidative stress response, neuroprotection, and cell survival. The present study assessed its role in the sexual size dimorphism in fish. First, detailed expression pattern analysis showed that dhcr24 mRNAs were extensively expressed in tissues and the highest levels were found in the liver and gonads of females. Analysis of the dhcr24 promoter region demonstrated different DNA methylation statuses in female, male, and pseudomale gonads with higher epigenetic modification in males. The confirmation of transcription activity of the dhcr24 promoter and putative transcription factors (e.g., ER, AR, SREBP, and POU1F1a) provides the foundation for studying its regulatory mechanism. Finally, dhcr24-siRNA mediated knock-down assay using C. semilaevis liver cells showed that steroid biosynthesis related genes (e.g., ebp, dhcr7, and sc5d), core component of PI3K/Akt pathway (e.g., pi3k), and igf1r exhibited different expression patterns. Further investigation on the interplay between steroid hormones, dhcr24, PI3K/Akt, and IGF-1 systems will be valuable to better understand the mechanism underlying the sexual size dimorphism in C. semilaevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhihong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenteng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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23
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Effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise program on plasma markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis in older overweight and obese men. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:112. [PMID: 34548089 PMCID: PMC8454109 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical activity is inversely related to the risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). In a recent systematic review, it was reported that CVD patients had an increased cholesterol absorption and a decreased synthesis as compared with control participants. As increased physical activity levels reduce CVD risk, we hypothesized that exercise training will reduce cholesterol absorption and increase endogenous cholesterol synthesis in older overweight and obese men. METHODS A randomized, controlled, crossover trial was performed. Seventeen apparently healthy older overweight and obese men were randomized to start with an aerobic exercise or no-exercise control period for 8 weeks, separated by 12 weeks washout. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC) and non-cholesterol sterol concentrations were measured at baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS The aerobic exercise program did not affect serum TC concentrations. In addition, exercise did not affect TC-standardized serum concentrations of sitosterol and cholestanol that are markers for cholesterol absorption. However, a trend for reduced TC-standardized campesterol concentrations, which is another validated marker for cholesterol absorption, was observed as compared with control. Lathosterol concentrations, reflecting cholesterol synthesis, did not differ between both periods. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks did not lower serum TC concentrations in older overweight and obese men, but a trend towards a decrease in the cholesterol absorption marker campesterol was found. The cholesterol synthesis marker lathosterol did not change. TRIAL REGISTRATION posted on www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03272061 on 7 September 2017.
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24
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Anti-Oxidative and Immune Regulatory Responses of THP-1 and PBMC to Pulsed EMF Are Field-Strength Dependent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189519. [PMID: 34574442 PMCID: PMC8471206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells react to electromagnetic fields (EMF) by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), crucial intracellular messengers. Discrepancies in applied parameters of EMF studies, e.g., flux densities, complicate direct comparison of downstream anti-oxidative responses and immune regulatory signaling. We therefore compared the impact of different EMF flux densities in human leukemic THP1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors to additionally consider a potential disparate receptivity based on medical origin. ROS levels increased in THP1 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after one hour of EMF exposure. Moreover, weak EMF mitigated the depletion of the reducing agent NAD(P)H in THP1. Neither of these effects occurred in PBMC. Landscaping transcriptional responses to varied EMF revealed elevation of the anti-oxidative enzymes PRDX6 (2-fold) and DHCR24 (6-fold) in THP1, implying involvement in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, our study confirmed anti-inflammatory effects of EMF by 6-fold increased expression of IL10. Strikingly, THP1 responded to weak EMF, while PBMC were primarily affected by strong EMF, yet with severe cellular stress and enhanced rates of apoptosis, indicated by HSP70 and caspase 3 (CASP3). Taken together, our results emphasize an altered susceptibility of immune cells of different origin and associate EMF-related effects with anti-inflammatory signaling and lipid metabolism.
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Tuckey RC, Tang EKY, Chen YA, Slominski AT. Selective ability of rat 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) to act on some 7-Dehydrocholesterol metabolites but not on lumisterol metabolites. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105929. [PMID: 34098080 PMCID: PMC8403650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) catalyses the final step of cholesterol biosynthesis in the Kandutsch-Russel pathway, the reduction of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) to cholesterol. 7DHC can be acted on by a range of other enzymes including CYP27A1 and CYP11A1, as well as by UVB radiation, producing a number of derivatives including hydroxy-metabolites, some of which retain the C7-C8 double bond and are biologically active. These metabolites include lumisterol (L3) which is a stereoisomer of 7DHC produced in the skin by UVB radiation of 7DHC, as well as vitamin D3. The aim of this study was to test whether these metabolites could act as substrates or inhibitors of DHCR7 in rat liver microsomes. To initially screen the ability of these metabolites to interact with the active site of DHCR7, their ability to inhibit the conversion of ergosterol to brassicasterol was measured. Sterols that significantly inhibited this reaction included 7DHC (as expected), 20S(OH)7DHC, 27(OH)DHC, 8DHC, 20S(OH)L3 and 22(OH)L3 but not 7-dehydropregnenolone (7DHP), 25(OH)7DHC, L3 or vitamin D3 and its hydroxyderivatives. Sterols that inhibited ergosterol reduction were directly tested as substrates for DHCR7. 20S(OH)7DHC, 27(OH)DHC and 7-dehydrodesmosterol were confirmed to be substrates, giving the expected product with the C7-C8 double bond removed. No products were observed from 8DHC or 20S(OH)L3 indicating that these sterols are inhibitors and not substrates of DHCR7. The resistance of lumisterol and 7DHP to reduction by DHCR7 in cells will permit other enzymes to metabolise these sterols to their active forms retaining the C7-C8 double bond, conferring specificity to their biological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Edith K Y Tang
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yunzhi A Chen
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
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26
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Yavuz U, Alaylıoğlu M, Şengül B, Karras SN, Gezen-Ak D, Dursun E. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 might be involved in the regulation of 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase via vitamin D equilibrium in primary cortical neurons. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:704-714. [PMID: 34338991 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone mediating its functions via vitamin D receptor (VDR) and an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3). From a physiological perspective, there is also a well-established association of cholesterol and vitamin D synthesis, since both share a common metabolic substrate, 7 dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Yet, the potential basic pathways, of the biological interplay of DHCR24 and vitamin D equilibrium, on neuronal level, are yet to be determined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between vitamin D pathways and DHCR24 in primary cortical neuron cultures. The neocortex of Sprague-Dawley rat embryos (E16) was used for the preparation of primary cortical neuron cultures. DHCR24 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent labeling in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated or VDR/PDIA3-silenced primary cortical neurons. The mRNA expression of DHCR24 was significantly decreased in the cortical neurons treated with 10-8M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (p<0.001). In parallel with the mRNA results, DHCR24 protein expression in cortical neurons treated with 10-8M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was also significantly lower than untreated neurons (p<0.05). These data were also confirmed with immunofluorescent labeling and fluorescence intensity measurements of DHCR24 (p<0.001). Finally, DHCR24 mRNA expression level was significantly increased in PDIA3 siRNA-treated neurons (p<0.05). Similar to the mRNA results, the DHCR24 protein expression of PDIA3 siRNA-treated neurons was also statistically higher than the other groups (p<0.05). Results of this mechanistic experimental basic study demonstrate that DHCR24 mRNA expression and protein concentrations attenuated in response to vitamin D treatment. Furthermore, we observed that PDIA3 might be involved in this modulatory effect. Our findings indicate a complex interaction of DHCR24 and vitamin D equilibrium, through the involvement of PDIA3 and vitamin D in the modulation of cholesterol metabolism in neuronal cells, requiring future studies on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaş Yavuz
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Alaylıoğlu
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Şengül
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Duygu Gezen-Ak
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdinç Dursun
- Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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Ershov P, Kaluzhskiy L, Mezentsev Y, Yablokov E, Gnedenko O, Ivanov A. Enzymes in the Cholesterol Synthesis Pathway: Interactomics in the Cancer Context. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080895. [PMID: 34440098 PMCID: PMC8389681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A global protein interactome ensures the maintenance of regulatory, signaling and structural processes in cells, but at the same time, aberrations in the repertoire of protein-protein interactions usually cause a disease onset. Many metabolic enzymes catalyze multistage transformation of cholesterol precursors in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Cancer-associated deregulation of these enzymes through various molecular mechanisms results in pathological cholesterol accumulation (its precursors) which can be disease risk factors. This work is aimed at systematization and bioinformatic analysis of the available interactomics data on seventeen enzymes in the cholesterol pathway, encoded by HMGCR, MVK, PMVK, MVD, FDPS, FDFT1, SQLE, LSS, DHCR24, CYP51A1, TM7SF2, MSMO1, NSDHL, HSD17B7, EBP, SC5D, DHCR7 genes. The spectrum of 165 unique and 21 common protein partners that physically interact with target enzymes was selected from several interatomic resources. Among them there were 47 modifying proteins from different protein kinases/phosphatases and ubiquitin-protein ligases/deubiquitinases families. A literature search, enrichment and gene co-expression analysis showed that about a quarter of the identified protein partners was associated with cancer hallmarks and over-represented in cancer pathways. Our results allow to update the current fundamental view on protein-protein interactions and regulatory aspects of the cholesterol synthesis enzymes and annotate of their sub-interactomes in term of possible involvement in cancers that will contribute to prioritization of protein targets for future drug development.
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Oyagawa CRM, Grimsey NL. Cannabinoid receptor CB 1 and CB 2 interacting proteins: Techniques, progress and perspectives. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:83-132. [PMID: 34752341 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) are implicated in a range of physiological processes and have gained attention as promising therapeutic targets for a number of diseases. Protein-protein interactions play an integral role in modulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expression, subcellular distribution and signaling, and the identification and characterization of these will not only improve our understanding of GPCR function and biology, but may provide a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention. A variety of techniques are currently being used to investigate GPCR protein-protein interactions, including Förster/fluorescence and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (FRET and BRET), proximity ligation assay (PLA), and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). However, the reliable application of these methodologies is dependent on the use of appropriate controls and the consideration of the physiological context. Though not as extensively characterized as some other GPCRs, the investigation of CB1 and CB2 interacting proteins is a growing area of interest, and a range of interacting partners have been identified to date. This review summarizes the current state of the literature regarding the cannabinoid receptor interactome, provides commentary on the methodologies and techniques utilized, and discusses future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R M Oyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natasha L Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.
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29
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Sharpe LJ, Coates HW, Brown AJ. Post-translational control of the long and winding road to cholesterol. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17549-17559. [PMID: 33453997 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.010723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of cholesterol requires more than 20 enzymes, many of which are intricately regulated. Post-translational control of these enzymes provides a rapid means for modifying flux through the pathway. So far, several enzymes have been shown to be rapidly degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in response to cholesterol and other sterol intermediates. Additionally, several enzymes have their activity altered through phosphorylation mechanisms. Most work has focused on the two rate-limiting enzymes: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and squalene monooxygenase. Here, we review current literature in the area to define some common themes in the regulation of the entire cholesterol synthesis pathway. We highlight the rich variety of inputs controlling each enzyme, discuss the interplay that exists between regulatory mechanisms, and summarize findings that reveal an intricately coordinated network of regulation along the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We provide a roadmap for future research into the post-translational control of cholesterol synthesis, and no doubt the road ahead will reveal further twists and turns for this fascinating pathway crucial for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Sharpe
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hudson W Coates
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Qi Z, Zhang Y, Yao K, Zhang M, Xu Y, Zhang J, Bai X, Zu H. DHCR24 Knockdown Lead to Hyperphosphorylation of Tau at Thr181, Thr231, Ser262, Ser396, and Ser422 Sites by Membrane Lipid-Raft Dependent PP2A Signaling in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1627-1640. [PMID: 33710538 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest that the downregulation of DHCR24 is linked to the pathological risk factors of AD, denoting a potential role of DHCR24 in AD pathogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether the downregulation of DHCR24 affects the abnormal heper-phosphorylation of tau protein, which is involved in tauopathy. In present papers, immunofluorescence and Filipin III fluorescence results showed that DHCR24 knockdown significantly lowered the level of plasma membrane cholesterol and expression level of membrane lipid-raft structural protein caveolin-1; and overexpression of DHCR24 could increase the plasma membrane cholesterol levels and facilitating caveolae structure through increase the expression of caveolin-1. PP2A is the key phosphatase involving in tau phosphorylation, which is localized in cholesterol-dependent caveola/raft lipid domains. Here, the PP2A activity was detected by western blot assay. Interestingly, the level of p-PP2Ac at Y307 (inactive) and p-GSK3β at Y216 (active) in the downstream of the PP2A signal pathway were both significantly increased in silencing DHCR24 SH-SY5Y cells, which denoted an inhibition of the PP2A and activation of GSK3β signaling. Conversely, overexpression of DHCR24 blunted the inhibition effect of PP2A and activation of GSK3β. Besides, in the SH-SY5Y cell lines we demonstrated that DHCR24 knockdown obviously induced hyperphosphorylation of tau at Thr181, Thr231, Ser262, Ser396, and Ser422 Sites. In contrast, DHCR24 overexpression protects neuronal SH-SY5Y cells against the hyperphosphorylation of tau at Thr181, Thr231, Ser262, Ser396, and Ser422 Sites. Furthermore, PP2A activator D-erythro-Sphingosine (DES) also obviously inhibited the hyperphosphorylation of tau induced by DHCR24 knockdown. Collectively, our findings firstly confirmed that DHCR24 knockdown obviously induced abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau by a novel lipid raft-dependent PP2A signaling. We propose that DHCR24 downregulation led to altered cholesterol synthesis as a potential mechanism in the progression of tau hyperphosphorylation involving in AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yixuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiaojing Bai
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Hengbing Zu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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31
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Wang M, Xu G, Tang Y, Su S, Wang Y, Zhu Z. Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Antioxidant Damage and Immune Response Downregulation in Liver of Coilia nasus Under Starvation Stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:622315. [PMID: 33732214 PMCID: PMC7959721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.622315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial fishing of estuarine tapertail anchovy (Coilia nasus), an important anadromous fish species in the Yangtze River of China, has been prohibited due to the serious damage overfishing has caused to the wild population. Research regarding the energy metabolism is important for migratory fish to ensure the continuation of their existence. In this study, we performed, for the first time, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the liver of C. nasus subjected to long-term starvation stress. The results indicated that the damaging effects involved downregulation of the antioxidant capacity and immune response. The positive response to starvation involved upregulation of the anti-allergy and anticancer capacity, which supports the function of starvation in cancer inhibition, as has also been determined for human beings. This study revealed regulatory pathways, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and mechanisms leading to damage of the liver in C. nasus affected by starvation. This research contributes information for the further study of the energy metabolism mechanism of C. nasus and provides a theoretical reference for starvation metabolism research of other fish species and even human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Aquatic Animal Genome Center of Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Gangchun Xu, ; Yongkai Tang,
| | - Yongkai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Aquatic Animal Genome Center of Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Gangchun Xu, ; Yongkai Tang,
| | - Shengyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Aquatic Animal Genome Center of Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yinping Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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Snodgrass RG, Benatzy Y, Schmid T, Namgaladze D, Mainka M, Schebb NH, Lütjohann D, Brüne B. Efferocytosis potentiates the expression of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in alternatively activated human macrophages through LXR activation. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:1301-1316. [PMID: 33177619 PMCID: PMC8027700 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages acquire anti-inflammatory and proresolving functions to facilitate resolution of inflammation and promote tissue repair. While alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs), also referred to as M2 macrophages, polarized by type 2 (Th2) cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 contribute to the suppression of inflammatory responses and play a pivotal role in wound healing, contemporaneous exposure to apoptotic cells (ACs) potentiates the expression of anti-inflammatory and tissue repair genes. Given that liver X receptors (LXRs), which coordinate sterol metabolism and immune cell function, play an essential role in the clearance of ACs, we investigated whether LXR activation following engulfment of ACs selectively potentiates the expression of Th2 cytokine-dependent genes in primary human AAMs. We show that AC uptake simultaneously upregulates LXR-dependent, but suppresses SREBP-2-dependent gene expression in macrophages, which are both prevented by inhibiting Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1)-mediated sterol transport from lysosomes. Concurrently, macrophages accumulate sterol biosynthetic intermediates desmosterol, lathosterol, lanosterol, and dihydrolanosterol but not cholesterol-derived oxysterols. Using global transcriptome analysis, we identify anti-inflammatory and proresolving genes including interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) whose expression are selectively potentiated in macrophages upon concomitant exposure to ACs or LXR agonist T0901317 (T09) and Th2 cytokines. We show priming macrophages via LXR activation enhances the cellular capacity to synthesize inflammation-suppressing specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) precursors 15-HETE and 17-HDHA as well as resolvin D5. Silencing LXRα and LXRβ in macrophages attenuates the potentiation of ALOX15 expression by concomitant stimulation of ACs or T09 and IL-13. Collectively, we identify a previously unrecognized mechanism of regulation whereby LXR integrates AC uptake to selectively shape Th2-dependent gene expression in AAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Snodgrass
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yvonne Benatzy
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malwina Mainka
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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33
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Qiu J, Li T, Zhu ZJ. Multi-dimensional characterization and identification of sterols in untargeted LC-MS analysis using all ion fragmentation technology. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1142:108-117. [PMID: 33280688 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sterols are an important type of lipids, and play many important roles in physiological and pathological processes. However, comprehensive analysis of sterols especially identification of unknown sterols is challenging. In this work, LC-MS with all ion fragmentation (AIF) technology was developed for untargeted analysis of sterols in biological samples. AIF technology provided holistic and multi-dimensional characterization for both knowns and unknowns sterols, including accurate m/z, isotope pattern, retention time (RT), and co-eluted peak profiles between MS1 and MS2 ions in one analysis. We further developed an analysis strategy by integrating the multi-dimensional properties to support unambiguous identification of sterols, including distinguishing sterol isomers. The developed strategy enabled to identify a total of 23 sterols in mouse samples, and quantified 19 sterols in mouse liver tissues. More importantly, we demonstrated that AIF based multi-dimensional analysis provided a possibility to identify sterols without chemical standards and facilitated to discover novel compounds with sterol-like structures in biological samples. In summary, we employed the LC-MS based AIF technology to develop multi-dimensional characterization and identification of both known and unknown sterols in complex biological samples. The comprehensive analysis of sterols facilitates to provide molecular insights to many physiological and pathological activities in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Tongzhou Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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34
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Simonen P, Li S, Chua NK, Lampi AM, Piironen V, Lommi J, Sinisalo J, Brown AJ, Ikonen E, Gylling H. Amiodarone disrupts cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and causes accumulation of circulating desmosterol by inhibiting 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase. J Intern Med 2020; 288:560-569. [PMID: 32415867 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have earlier reported that amiodarone, a potent and commonly used antiarrhythmic drug increases serum desmosterol, the last precursor of cholesterol, in 20 cardiac patients by an unknown mechanism. OBJECTIVE Here, we extended our study to a large number of cardiac patients of heterogeneous diagnoses, evaluated the effects of combining amiodarone and statins (inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis at the rate-limiting step of hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase) on desmosterol levels and investigated the mechanism(s) by which amiodarone interferes with the metabolism of desmosterol using in vitro studies. METHODS AND RESULTS We report in a clinical case-control setting of 236 cardiac patients (126 with and 110 without amiodarone treatment) that amiodarone medication is accompanied by a robust increase in serum desmosterol levels independently of gender, age, body mass index, cardiac and other diseases, and the use of statins. Lipid analyses in patient samples taken before and after initiation of amiodarone therapy showed a systematic increase of desmosterol upon drug administration, strongly arguing for a direct causal link between amiodarone and desmosterol accumulation. Mechanistically, we found that amiodarone resulted in desmosterol accumulation in cultured human cells and that the compound directly inhibited the 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) enzyme activity. CONCLUSION These novel findings demonstrate that amiodarone blocks the cholesterol synthesis pathway by inhibiting DHCR24, causing a robust accumulation of cellular desmosterol in cells and in the sera of amiodarone-treated patients. It is conceivable that the antiarrhythmic potential and side effects of amiodarone may in part result from inhibition of the cholesterol synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Simonen
- From the, Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Li
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N K Chua
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A-M Lampi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Piironen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Lommi
- From the, Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Sinisalo
- From the, Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A J Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Gylling
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Role of cholesterol metabolism in the anticancer pharmacology of selective estrogen receptor modulators. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:101-115. [PMID: 32931953 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of compounds that bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) and possess estrogen agonist or antagonist actions in different tissues. As such, they are widely used drugs. For instance, tamoxifen, the most prescribed SERM, is used to treat ERα-positive breast cancer. Aside from their therapeutic targets, SERMs have the capacity to broadly affect cellular cholesterol metabolism and handling, mainly through ER-independent mechanisms. Cholesterol metabolism reprogramming is crucial to meet the needs of cancer cells, and different key processes involved in cholesterol homeostasis have been associated with cancer progression. Therefore, the effects of SERMs on cholesterol homeostasis may be relevant to carcinogenesis, either by contributing to the anticancer efficacy of these compounds or, conversely, by promoting resistance to treatment. Understanding these aspects of SERMs actions could help to design more efficacious therapies. Herein we review the effects of SERMs on cellular cholesterol metabolism and handling and discuss their potential in anticancer pharmacology.
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36
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Tallorin L, Villareal VA, Hsia CY, Rodgers MA, Burri DJ, Pfeil MP, Llopis PM, Lindenbach BD, Yang PL. Hepatitis C virus NS3-4A protease regulates the lipid environment for RNA replication by cleaving host enzyme 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12426-12436. [PMID: 32641492 PMCID: PMC7458815 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many RNA viruses create specialized membranes for genome replication by manipulating host lipid metabolism and trafficking, but in most cases, we do not know the molecular mechanisms responsible or how specific lipids may impact the associated membrane and viral process. For example, hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes a specific, large-fold increase in the steady-state abundance of intracellular desmosterol, an immediate precursor of cholesterol, resulting in increased fluidity of the membrane where HCV RNA replication occurs. Here, we establish the mechanism responsible for HCV's effect on intracellular desmosterol, whereby the HCV NS3-4A protease controls activity of 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24), the enzyme that catalyzes conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol. Our cumulative evidence for the proposed mechanism includes immunofluorescence microscopy experiments showing co-occurrence of DHCR24 and HCV NS3-4A protease; formation of an additional, faster-migrating DHCR24 species (DHCR24*) in cells harboring a HCV subgenomic replicon RNA or ectopically expressing NS3-4A; and biochemical evidence that NS3-4A cleaves DHCR24 to produce DHCR24* in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrate that NS3-4A cleaves DHCR24 between residues Cys91 and Thr92 and show that this reduces the intracellular conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol. Together, these studies demonstrate that NS3-4A directly cleaves DHCR24 and that this results in the enrichment of desmosterol in the membranes where NS3-4A and DHCR24 co-occur. Overall, this suggests a model in which HCV directly regulates the lipid environment for RNA replication through direct effects on the host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorillee Tallorin
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valerie A Villareal
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chih-Yun Hsia
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominique J Burri
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc-Philipp Pfeil
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paula Montero Llopis
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brett D Lindenbach
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Priscilla L Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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The cholesterol synthesis enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase is post-translationally regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH6. Biochem J 2020; 477:541-555. [PMID: 31904814 PMCID: PMC6993871 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis is a tightly controlled pathway, with over 20 enzymes involved. Each of these enzymes can be distinctly regulated, helping to fine-tune the production of cholesterol and its functional intermediates. Several enzymes are degraded in response to increased sterol levels, whilst others remain stable. We hypothesised that an enzyme at a key branch point in the pathway, lanosterol 14α-demethylase (LDM) may be post-translationally regulated. Here, we show that the preceding enzyme, lanosterol synthase is stable, whilst LDM is rapidly degraded. Surprisingly, this degradation is not triggered by sterols. However, the E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 6 (MARCH6), known to control earlier rate-limiting steps in cholesterol synthesis, also control levels of LDM and the terminal cholesterol synthesis enzyme, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase. Our work highlights MARCH6 as the first example of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets multiple steps in a biochemical pathway and indicates new facets in the control of cholesterol synthesis.
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38
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Ma HY, Yamamoto G, Xu J, Liu X, Karin D, Kim JY, Alexandrov LB, Koyama Y, Nishio T, Benner C, Heinz S, Rosenthal SB, Liang S, Sun M, Karin G, Zhao P, Brodt P, Mckillop IH, Quehenberger O, Dennis E, Saltiel A, Tsukamoto H, Gao B, Karin M, Brenner DA, Kisseleva T. IL-17 signaling in steatotic hepatocytes and macrophages promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol 2020; 72:946-959. [PMID: 31899206 PMCID: PMC7167339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic alcohol consumption is a leading risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is associated with a marked increase in hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory IL-17A and its receptor IL-17RA. METHODS Genetic deletion and pharmacological blocking were used to characterize the role of IL-17A/IL-17RA signaling in the pathogenesis of HCC in mouse models and human specimens. RESULTS We demonstrate that the global deletion of the Il-17ra gene suppressed HCC in alcohol-fed diethylnitrosamine-challenged Il-17ra-/- and major urinary protein-urokinase-type plasminogen activator/Il-17ra-/- mice compared with wild-type mice. When the cell-specific role of IL-17RA signaling was examined, the development of HCC was decreased in both alcohol-fed Il-17raΔMΦ and Il-17raΔHep mice devoid of IL-17RA in myeloid cells and hepatocytes, but not in Il-17raΔHSC mice (deficient in IL-17RA in hepatic stellate cells). Deletion of Il-17ra in myeloid cells ameliorated tumorigenesis via suppression of pro-tumorigenic/inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic responses in alcohol-fed Il-17raΔMΦ mice. Remarkably, despite a normal inflammatory response, alcohol-fed Il-17raΔHep mice developed the fewest tumors (compared with Il-17raΔMΦ mice), with reduced steatosis and fibrosis. Steatotic IL-17RA-deficient hepatocytes downregulated the expression of Cxcl1 and other chemokines, exhibited a striking defect in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptor 1-dependent caspase-2-SREBP1/2-DHCR7-mediated cholesterol synthesis, and upregulated the production of antioxidant vitamin D3. The pharmacological blocking of IL-17A/Th-17 cells using anti-IL-12/IL-23 antibodies suppressed the progression of HCC (by 70%) in alcohol-fed mice, indicating that targeting IL-17 signaling might provide novel strategies for the treatment of alcohol-induced HCC. CONCLUSIONS Overall, IL-17A is a tumor-promoting cytokine, which critically regulates alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC. LAY SUMMARY IL-17A is a tumor-promoting cytokine, which critically regulates inflammatory responses in macrophages (Kupffer cells and bone-marrow-derived monocytes) and cholesterol synthesis in steatotic hepatocytes in an experimental model of alcohol-induced HCC. Therefore, IL-17A may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with alcohol-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yen Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gen Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Karin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takahiro Nishio
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chris Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sara B. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mengxi Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gabriel Karin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Iain H. Mckillop
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ed Dennis
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alan Saltiel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD & Cirrhosis Department of Pathology Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,University of Southern California, and Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Lindberg T, de Ávila RI, Zeller KS, Levander F, Eriksson D, Chawade A, Lindstedt M. An integrated transcriptomic- and proteomic-based approach to evaluate the human skin sensitization potential of glyphosate and its commercial agrochemical formulations. J Proteomics 2020; 217:103647. [PMID: 32006680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the skin sensitization hazard of glyphosate, the surfactant polyethylated tallow amine (POEA) and two commercial glyphosate-containing formulations using different omics-technologies based on a human dendritic cell (DC)-like cell line. First, the GARD™skin assay, investigating changes in the expression of 200 transcripts upon cell exposure to xenobiotics, was used for skin sensitization prediction. POEA and the formulations were classified as skin sensitizers while glyphosate alone was classified as a non-sensitizer. Interestingly, the mixture of POEA together with glyphosate displayed a similar sensitizing prediction as POEA alone, indicating that glyphosate likely does not increase the sensitizing capacity when associated with POEA. Moreover, mass spectrometry analysis identified differentially regulated protein groups and predicted molecular pathways based on a proteomic approach in response to cell exposures with glyphosate, POEA and the glyphosate-containing formulations. Based on the protein expression data, predicted pathways were linked to immunologically relevant events and regulated proteins further to cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis as well as to autophagy, identifying novel aspects of DC responses after exposure to xenobiotics. In summary, we here present an integrative analysis involving advanced technologies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind DC activation in the skin sensitization process triggered by the investigated agrochemical materials. SIGNIFICANCE: The use of glyphosate has increased worldwide, and much effort has been made to improve risk assessments and to further elucidate the mechanisms behind any potential human health hazard of this chemical and its agrochemical formulations. In this context, omics-based techniques can provide a multiparametric approach, including several biomarkers, to expand the mechanistic knowledge of xenobiotics-induced toxicity. Based on this, we performed the integration of GARD™skin and proteomic data to elucidate the skin sensitization hazard of POEA, glyphosate and its two commercial mixtures, and to investigate cellular responses more in detail on protein level. The proteomic data indicate the regulation of immune response-related pathways and proteins associated with cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis as well as to autophagy, identifying novel aspects of DC responses after exposure to xenobiotics. Therefore, our data show the applicability of a multiparametric integrated approach for the mechanism-based hazard evaluation of xenobiotics, eventually complementing decision making in the holistic risk assessment of chemicals regarding their allergenic potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lindberg
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Renato Ivan de Ávila
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden; Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; SenzaGen AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathrin S Zeller
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Aakash Chawade
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Malin Lindstedt
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.
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40
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Capell-Hattam IM, Sharpe LJ, Qian L, Hart-Smith G, Prabhu AV, Brown AJ. Twin enzymes, divergent control: The cholesterogenic enzymes DHCR14 and LBR are differentially regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2850-2865. [PMID: 31911440 PMCID: PMC7049974 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis is a tightly regulated process, both transcriptionally and post-translationally. Transcriptional control of cholesterol synthesis is relatively well-understood. However, of the ∼20 enzymes in cholesterol biosynthesis, post-translational regulation has only been examined for a small number. Three of the four sterol reductases in cholesterol production, 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), 14-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR14), and lamin-B receptor (LBR), share evolutionary ties with a high level of sequence homology and predicted structural homology. DHCR14 and LBR uniquely share the same Δ-14 reductase activity in cholesterol biosynthesis, yet little is known about their post-translational regulation. We have previously identified specific modes of post-translational control of DHCR7, but it is unknown whether these regulatory mechanisms are shared by DHCR14 and LBR. Using CHO-7 cells stably expressing epitope-tagged DHCR14 or LBR, we investigated the post-translational regulation of these enzymes. We found that DHCR14 and LBR undergo differential post-translational regulation, with DHCR14 being rapidly turned over, triggered by cholesterol and other sterol intermediates, whereas LBR remained stable. DHCR14 is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and we identified several DHCR14 and DHCR7 putative interaction partners, including a number of E3 ligases that modulate DHCR14 levels. Interestingly, we found that gene expression across an array of human tissues showed a negative relationship between the C14-sterol reductases; one enzyme or the other tends to be predominantly expressed in each tissue. Overall, our findings indicate that whereas LBR tends to be the constitutively active C14-sterol reductase, DHCR14 levels are tunable, responding to the local cellular demands for cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M Capell-Hattam
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Laura J Sharpe
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lydia Qian
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Anika V Prabhu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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41
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Long T, Qi X, Hassan A, Liang Q, De Brabander JK, Li X. Structural basis for itraconazole-mediated NPC1 inhibition. Nat Commun 2020; 11:152. [PMID: 31919352 PMCID: PMC6952396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), a lysosomal protein of 13 transmembrane helices (TMs) and three lumenal domains, exports low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol from lysosomes. TMs 3–7 of NPC1 comprise the Sterol-Sensing Domain (SSD). Previous studies suggest that mutation of the NPC1-SSD or the addition of the anti-fungal drug itraconazole abolishes NPC1 activity in cells. However, the itraconazole binding site and the mechanism of NPC1-mediated cholesterol transport remain unknown. Here, we report a cryo-EM structure of human NPC1 bound to itraconazole, which reveals how this binding site in the center of NPC1 blocks a putative lumenal tunnel linked to the SSD. Functional assays confirm that blocking this tunnel abolishes NPC1-mediated cholesterol egress. Intriguingly, the palmitate anchor of Hedgehog occupies a similar site in the homologous tunnel of Patched, suggesting a conserved mechanism for sterol transport in this family of proteins and establishing a central function of their SSDs. Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) exports low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol from lysosomes and comporses a Sterol-Sensing Domain (SSD). Here authors report a cryo-EM structure of human NPC1 bound to itraconazole which reveals how this binding site in the center of NPC1 blocks a putative lumenal tunnel linked to the SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Long
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Qi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Abdirahman Hassan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Qiren Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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42
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Xiao J, Li W, Zheng X, Qi L, Wang H, Zhang C, Wan X, Zheng Y, Zhong R, Zhou X, Lu Y, Li Z, Qiu Y, Liu C, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Xu X, Yang Z, Chen H, Zhai Q, Wei B, Wang H. Targeting 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Integrates Cholesterol Metabolism and IRF3 Activation to Eliminate Infection. Immunity 2019; 52:109-122.e6. [PMID: 31882361 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent work suggests that cholesterol metabolism impacts innate immune responses against infection. However, the key enzymes or the natural products and mechanisms involved are not well elucidated. Here, we have shown that upon DNA and RNA viral infection, macrophages reduced 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) expression. DHCR7 deficiency or treatment with the natural product 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) could specifically promote phosphorylation of IRF3 (not TBK1) and enhance type I interferon (IFN-I) production in macrophages. We further elucidated that viral infection or 7-DHC treatment enhanced AKT3 expression and activation. AKT3 directly bound and phosphorylated IRF3 at Ser385, together with TBK1-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 Ser386, to achieve IRF3 dimerization. Deletion of DHCR7 and the DHCR7 inhibitors including AY9944 and the chemotherapy drug tamoxifen promoted clearance of Zika virus and multiple viruses in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, we propose that the DHCR7 inhibitors and 7-DHC are potential therapeutics against emerging or highly pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Linlin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruiyue Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiqi Li
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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43
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Valosin-containing protein mediates the ERAD of squalene monooxygenase and its cholesterol-responsive degron. Biochem J 2019; 476:2545-2560. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSqualene monooxygenase (SM) is an essential rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. SM degradation is accelerated by excess cholesterol, and this requires the first 100 amino acids of SM (SM N100). This process is part of a protein quality control pathway called endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). In ERAD, SM is ubiquitinated by MARCH6, an E3 ubiquitin ligase located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, several details of the ERAD process for SM remain elusive, such as the extraction mechanism from the ER membrane. Here, we used SM N100 fused to GFP (SM N100-GFP) as a model degron to investigate the extraction process of SM in ERAD. We showed that valosin-containing protein (VCP) is important for the cholesterol-accelerated degradation of SM N100-GFP and SM. In addition, we revealed that VCP acts following ubiquitination of SM N100-GFP by MARCH6. We demonstrated that the amphipathic helix (Gln62–Leu73) of SM N100-GFP is critical for regulation by VCP and MARCH6. Replacing this amphipathic helix with hydrophobic re-entrant loops promoted degradation in a VCP-dependent manner. Finally, we showed that inhibiting VCP increases cellular squalene and cholesterol levels, indicating a functional consequence for VCP in regulating the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Collectively, we established VCP plays a key role in ERAD that contributes to the cholesterol-mediated regulation of SM.
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Diurnal Variation of Markers for Cholesterol Synthesis, Cholesterol Absorption, and Bile Acid Synthesis: A Systematic Review and the Bispebjerg Study of Diurnal Variations. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071439. [PMID: 31247945 PMCID: PMC6683063 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human studies have shown diurnal rhythms of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, but a better understanding of the role of the circadian system in cholesterol homeostasis is needed for the development of targeted interventions to improve metabolic health. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature search on the diurnal rhythms of cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers and of bile acid synthesis markers. We also examined the diurnal rhythms of the cholesterol synthesis markers lathosterol and desmosterol, and of the cholesterol absorption markers cholestanol, campesterol, and sitosterol in serum samples from the Bispebjerg study. These samples were collected every three hours over a 24-h period in healthy males (n = 24) who consumed low-fat meals. The systematic search identified sixteen papers that had examined the diurnal rhythms of the cholesterol synthesis markers lathosterol (n = 3), mevalonate (n = 9), squalene (n = 2), or the bile acid synthesis marker 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) (n = 4). Results showed that lathosterol, mevalonate, and squalene had a diurnal rhythm with nocturnal peaks, while C4 had a diurnal rhythm with daytime peaks. Furthermore, cosinor analyses of the serum samples showed a significant diurnal rhythm for lathosterol (cosinor p < 0.001), but not for desmosterol, campesterol, sitosterol, and cholestanol (cosinor p > 0.05). In conclusion, cholesterol synthesis and bile acid synthesis have a diurnal rhythm, though no evidence for a diurnal rhythm of cholesterol absorption was found under highly standardised conditions. More work is needed to further explore the influence of external factors on the diurnal rhythms regulating cholesterol homeostasis.
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45
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Koczok K, Gurumurthy CB, Balogh I, Korade Z, Mirnics K. Subcellular localization of sterol biosynthesis enzymes. J Mol Histol 2018; 50:63-73. [PMID: 30535733 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis is a complex, coordinated process involving a series of enzymes. As of today, our understanding of subcellular localization of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes is far from complete. Considering the complexity and intricacies of this pathway and the importance of functions of DHCR7, DHCR24 and EBP enzymes for human health, we undertook a study to determine their subcellular localization and co-localization. Using expression constructs and antibody staining in cell cultures and transgenic mice, we found that all three enzymes are expressed in ER and nuclear envelope. However, their co-localization was considerably different across the cellular compartments. Furthermore, we observed that in the absence of DHCR7 protein, DHCR24 shows a compensatory upregulation in a Dhcr7-/- transgenic mouse model. The overall findings suggest that the sterol biosynthesis enzymes might not always work in a same functional complex, but that they potentially have different, multifunctional roles that go beyond the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the newly uncovered compensatory mechanism between DHCR7 and DHCR24 could be of importance for designing medications that would improve cholesterol production in patients with desmosterolosis and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Koczok
- Department of Psychiatry and Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - István Balogh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Károly Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry and Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Gerrick KY, Gerrick ER, Gupta A, Wheelan SJ, Yegnasubramanian S, Jaffee EM. Transcriptional profiling identifies novel regulators of macrophage polarization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208602. [PMID: 30532146 PMCID: PMC6286176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key inflammatory immune cells that display dynamic phenotypes and functions in response to their local microenvironment. Major advances have occurred in understanding the transcriptional, epigenetic, and functional differences in various macrophage subsets by in vitro modeling and gene expression and epigenetic profiling for biomarker discovery. However, there is still no standardized protocol for macrophage polarization largely due to the lack of thorough validation of macrophage phenotypes following polarization. In addition, transcriptional regulation is recognized as a major mechanism governing differential macrophage polarization programs and as such, many genes have been identified to be associated with each macrophage subset. However, the functional role of many of these genes in macrophage polarization is still unknown. Moreover, the role of other regulatory mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, in macrophage polarization remains poorly understood. Here, we employed an optimized model of human M1 and M2 macrophage polarization which we used for large-scale transcriptional and DNA methylation profiling. We were unable to demonstrate a role for DNA methylation in macrophage polarization, as no significant changes were identified. However, we observed significant changes in the transcriptomes of M1 and M2 macrophages. Additionally, we identified numerous novel differentially regulated genes involved in macrophage polarization, including CYBB and DHCR7 which we show as important regulators of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, respectively. Taken together, our improved in vitro human M1 and M2 macrophage model provides new understandings of the regulation of macrophage polarization and candidate macrophage biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberline Y. Gerrick
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Elias R. Gerrick
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Anuj Gupta
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Wheelan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer Clinical Research and Patient Care, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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47
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Abdullah MMH, Eck PK, Couture P, Lamarche B, Jones PJH. The combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6720173 (ABCG5), rs3808607 (CYP7A1), and rs760241 (DHCR7) is associated with differing serum cholesterol responses to dairy consumption. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1090-1093. [PMID: 29920211 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence on the influence of genetic architecture on serum cholesterol responsiveness to dietary interventions focuses on individual single nucleotide polymorphisms and single nutrients. We associated the combination of ABCG5 rs6720173-C, CYP7A1 rs3808607-TT, and DHCR7 rs760241-GG genotypes with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations relative to the combination of rs6720173-GG, rs3808607-G, and rs760241-A genotypes (-0.37 ± 0.12 (n = 9) vs. +0.38 ± 0.14 mmol/L (n = 7), p = 0.0016) following a blended dairy (3 servings/day for 4 weeks) intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M H Abdullah
- a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
| | - Peter K Eck
- a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- c Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- c Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,b Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
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48
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James NE, Chichester C, Ribeiro JR. Beyond the Biomarker: Understanding the Diverse Roles of Human Epididymis Protein 4 in the Pathogenesis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:124. [PMID: 29740539 PMCID: PMC5928211 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is an important clinical biomarker used for the detection of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). While much is known about the predictive power of HE4 clinically, less has been reported regarding its molecular role in the progression of EOC. A deeper understanding of HE4’s mechanistic functions may help contribute to the development of novel targeted therapies. Thus far, it has been difficult to recommend HE4 as a therapeutic target owing to the fact that its role in the progression of EOC has not been extensively evaluated. This review summarizes what is collectively known about HE4 signaling and how it functions to promote tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis in EOC, with the goal of providing valuable insights that will have the potential to aide in the development of new HE4-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E James
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Clinton Chichester
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jennifer R Ribeiro
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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49
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Bassard JE, Halkier BA. How to prove the existence of metabolons? PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2018; 17:211-227. [PMID: 29755303 PMCID: PMC5932110 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sequential enzymes in biosynthetic pathways are organized in metabolons. It is challenging to provide experimental evidence for the existence of metabolons as biosynthetic pathways are composed of highly dynamic protein-protein interactions. Many different methods are being applied, each with strengths and weaknesses. We will present and evaluate several techniques that have been applied in providing evidence for the orchestration of the biosynthetic pathways of cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates in metabolons. These evolutionarily related pathways have ER-localized cytochromes P450 that are proposed to function as anchoring site for assembly of the enzymes into metabolons. Additionally, we have included commonly used techniques, even though they have not been used (yet) on these two pathways. In the review, special attention will be given to less-exploited fluorescence-based methods such as FCS and FLIM. Ultimately, understanding the orchestration of biosynthetic pathways may contribute to successful engineering in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Etienne Bassard
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Center for Synthetic Biology, VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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50
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Leignadier J, Dalenc F, Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S. Improving the efficacy of hormone therapy in breast cancer: The role of cholesterol metabolism in SERM-mediated autophagy, cell differentiation and death. Biochem Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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