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Papin M, Bouchet AM, Chantôme A, Vandier C. Ether-lipids and cellular signaling: A differential role of alkyl- and alkenyl-ether-lipids? Biochimie 2023; 215:50-59. [PMID: 37678745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ether-lipids (EL) are specific lipids bearing a characteristic sn-1 ether bond. Depending on the ether or vinyl-ether nature of this bond, they are present as alkyl- or alkenyl-EL, respectively. Among EL, alkenyl-EL, also referred as plasmalogens in the literature, attract most of the scientific interest as they are the predominant EL species in eukaryotic cells, thus less is known about alkyl-EL. EL have been implicated in various signaling pathways and alterations in their quantity are frequently observed in pathologies such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases or cancer. However, it remains unknown whether both alkyl- and alkenyl-EL play the same roles in these processes. This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of action of EL in cellular signaling and tries to discriminate between alkyl- and alkenyl-EL. We also focus on the involvement of EL-mediated alterations of cellular signaling in diseases and discuss the potential interest for EL in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Papin
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000, Tours, France.
| | | | - Aurélie Chantôme
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000, Tours, France; Lifesome Therapeutics, López de Hoyos 42, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Zi Y, Barker JR, MacIsaac HJ, Zhang R, Gras R, Chiang YC, Zhou Y, Lu F, Cai W, Sun C, Chang X. Identification of neurotoxic compounds in cyanobacteria exudate mixtures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159257. [PMID: 36208737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Release of toxic cyanobacterial secondary metabolites threatens biosecurity, foodwebs and public health. Microcystis aeruginosa (Ma), the dominant species in global freshwater cyanobacterial blooms, produces exudates (MaE) that cause adverse outcomes including nerve damage. Previously, we identified > 300 chemicals in MaE. It is critical to investigate neurotoxicity mechanisms of active substances among this suite of Ma compounds. Here, we screened 103 neurotoxicity assays from the ToxCast database to reveal targets of action of MaE using machine learning. We then built a potential Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) to identify neurotoxicity mechanisms of MaE as well as key targets. Finally, we selected potential neurotoxins matched with those targets using molecular docking. We found 38 targets that were inhibited and eight targets that were activated, collectively mainly related to neurotransmission (i.e. cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems). The potential AOP of MaE neurotoxicity could be caused by blocking calcium voltage-gated channel (CACNA1A), because of antagonizing neurotransmitter receptors, or because of inhibiting solute carrier transporters. We identified nine neurotoxic MaE compounds with high affinity to those targets, including LysoPC(16:0), 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, egonol glucoside, polyoxyethylene (600) monoricinoleate, and phytosphingosine. Our study enhances understanding of neurotoxicity mechanisms and identifies neurotoxins in cyanobacterial bloom exudates, which may help identify priority compounds for cyanobacteria management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyan Zi
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Justin R Barker
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Hugh J MacIsaac
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Robin Gras
- School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ying-Chih Chiang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Fangchi Lu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada; College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
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Thyagarajan A, Awasthi K, Rapp CM, Johnson RM, Chen Y, Miller KL, Travers JB, Sahu RP. Topical application of gemcitabine generates microvesicle particles in human and murine skin. Biofactors 2022; 48:1295-1304. [PMID: 36504167 PMCID: PMC9789190 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has remained the mainstay for the treatment of multiple types of cancers. In particular, topical use of chemotherapy has been used for skin cancers. Though effective, topical chemotherapy has been limited due to adverse effects such as local and even systemic toxicities. Our recent studies demonstrated that exposure to pro-oxidative stressors, including therapeutic agents induces the generation of extracellular vesicles known as microvesicle particles (MVP) which are dependent on activation of the Platelet-activating factor-receptor (PAFR), a G-protein coupled receptor present on various cell types, and acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase), an enzyme required for MVP biogenesis. Based upon this premise, we tested the hypothesis that topical application of gemcitabine will induce MVP generation in human and murine skin. Our ex vivo studies using human skin explants demonstrate that gemcitabine treatment results in MVP generation in a dose-dependent manner in a process blocked by PAFR antagonist and aSMase inhibitor. Importantly, gemcitabine-induced MVPs carry PAFR agonists. To confirm the mechanisms, we employed PAFR-expressing and deficient (Ptafr-/- ) mouse models as well as mice deficient in aSMase enzyme (Spmd1-/- ). Similar to the findings using pharmacologic tools, genetic-based approaches demonstrate that gemcitabine-induced MVP release in WT mice was blunted in Ptafr-/- and Spmd1-/- mice. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which local chemotherapy can generate bioactive components as a bystander effect in a process that is dependent upon the PAFR-aSMase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
- Correspondence to: (AT) and (RPS), 230 Health Sciences Bldg, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH45435
| | - Krishna Awasthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Christine M. Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - R. Michael Johnson
- Department of Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Kelly L.R. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
- Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
- Correspondence to: (AT) and (RPS), 230 Health Sciences Bldg, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH45435
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rong P, Wang JL, Angelova A, Almsherqi ZA, Deng Y. Plasmalogenic Lipid Analogs as Platelet-Activating Factor Antagonists: A Potential Novel Class of Anti-inflammatory Compounds. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:859421. [PMID: 35493091 PMCID: PMC9048793 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.859421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens and Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) are both bioactive ether phospholipids. Whereas plasmalogens are recognized for their important antioxidant function and modulatory role in cell membrane structure and dynamics, PAF is a potent pro-inflammatory lipid mediator known to have messenger functions in cell signaling and inflammatory response. The relationship between these two types of lipids has been rarely studied in terms of their metabolic interconversion and reciprocal modulation of the pro-inflammation/anti-inflammation balance. The vinyl-ether bonded plasmalogen lipid can be the lipid sources for the precursor of the biosynthesis of ether-bonded PAF. In this opinion paper, we suggest a potential role of plasmalogenic analogs of PAF as modulators and PAF antagonists (anti-PAF). We discuss that the metabolic interconversion of these two lipid kinds may be explored towards the development of efficient preventive and relief strategies against PAF-mediated pro-inflammation. We propose that plasmalogen analogs, acting as anti-PAF, may be considered as a new class of bioactive anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite of the scarcity of available experimental data, the competition between PAF and its natural plasmalogenic analogs for binding to the PAF receptor (PAF-R) can be proposed as a mechanistic model and potential therapeutic perspective against multiple inflammatory diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancers, and various manifestations in coronavirus infections such as COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Rong
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie-Li Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Angelina Angelova
- CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Zakaria A. Almsherqi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Zakaria A. Almsherqi, ; Yuru Deng,
| | - Yuru Deng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zakaria A. Almsherqi, ; Yuru Deng,
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Attenuation of virulence in multiple serotypes (M1, M3, and M28) of Group A Streptococcus after the loss of secreted esterase. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:662-670. [PMID: 34674958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Group A Streptococcus (GAS) can produce streptococcal secreted esterase (Sse), which inhibits neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection and is crucial for GAS pathogenesis. As an effective esterase, Sse hydrolyzes the sn-2 ester bond of human platelet-activating factor, inactivating it and abolishing its ability to recruit neutrophils. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sse deletion on the virulence of multiple serotypes of GAS. METHODS Isogenic strains that lack the sse gene (Δsse) were derived from the parent strains MGAS5005 (serotype M1, CovRS mutant), MGAS2221 (serotype M1, wild-type CovRS), MGAS315 (serotype M3, CovRS mutant) and MGAS6180 (serotype M28, wild-type CovRS) and were used to study the differences in virulence and pathogenicity of GAS serotypes. RESULTS In a subcutaneous infection model, mice infected with MGAS5005Δsse exhibited higher survival rates but decreased dissemination to the organs compared with mice infected with MGAS5005. When mice were infected with the four Δsse mutants, the MPO activity and IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-6 levels increased, but the skin lesion sizes decreased. In an intraperitoneal infection model, the absence of Sse significantly reduced the virulence of GAS, leading to increased mouse survival rates and decreased GAS burdens in the organs in most of the challenge experiments. In addition, the numbers of the four Δsse mutants were greatly reduced 60 min after incubation with isolated rat neutrophils. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Sse participates in the pathogenesis of multiple GAS serotypes (MGAS5005, MGAS2221, MGAS315 and MGAS6180), particularly the hypervirulent CovS mutant strains MGAS5005 and MGAS315. These strain differences were positively correlated with the virulence of the serotype.
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Abhilasha KV, Sumanth MS, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP, Kemparaju K, Marathe GK. Reversible cross-tolerance to platelet-activating factor signaling by bacterial toxins. Platelets 2021; 32:960-967. [PMID: 32835559 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1810652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial toxins signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Among the toxins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exerts its action via TLR-4 while lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and bacterial lipoproteins such as Braun lipoprotein (BLP) or its synthetic analogue Pam3CSK4 act through TLR-2. Part of the TLR mediated pathogenicity is believed to stem from endogenously biosynthesized platelet-activating factor (PAF)- a potent inflammatory phospholipid acting through PAF-receptor (PAF-R). However, the role of PAF in inflammatory diseases like endotoxemia is controversial. In order to test the direct contribution of PAF in TLR-mediated pathogenicity, we intraperitoneally injected PAF to Wistar albino mice in the presence or absence of bacterial toxins. Intraperitoneal injection of PAF (5 μg/mouse) causes sudden death of mice, that can be delayed by simultaneously or pre-treating the animals with high doses of bacterial toxins- a phenomenon known as endotoxin cross-tolerance. The bacterial toxins- induced tolerance to PAF can be reversed by increasing the concentration of PAF suggesting the reversibility of cross-tolerance. We did similar experiments using human platelets that express both canonical PAF-R and TLRs. Although bacterial toxins did not induce human platelet aggregation, they inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation in a reversible manner. Using rabbit platelets that are ultrasensitive to PAF, we found bacterial toxins (LPS and LTA) and Pam3CSK4 causing rabbit platelet aggregation via PAF-R dependent way. The physical interaction of PAF-R and bacterial toxins is also demonstrated in a human epidermal cell line having stable PAF-R expression. Thus, we suggest the possibility of direct physical interaction of bacterial toxins with PAF-R leading to cross-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India.,Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India.,Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Plasma after Remote Ischemic Conditioning in a Rhesus Monkey Ischemic Stroke Model. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081164. [PMID: 34439830 PMCID: PMC8393806 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Animal and clinical studies have shown that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has protective effects for cerebral vascular diseases, with induced humoral factor changes in the peripheral blood. However, many findings are heterogeneous, perhaps due to differences in the RIC intervention schemes, enrolled populations, and sample times. This study aimed to examine the RIC-induced changes in the plasma proteome using rhesus monkey models of strokes. Methods: Two adult rhesus monkeys with autologous blood clot-induced middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion underwent RIC interventions twice a week for five consecutive weeks. Each RIC treatment included five cycles of five minutes of ischemia alternating with five minutes of reperfusion of the forearm. The blood samples were taken from the median cubital vein of the monkeys at baseline and immediately after each week’s RIC stimulus. The plasma samples were isolated for a proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry (MS). Results: Several proteins related to lipid metabolism (Apolipoprotein A-II and Apolipoprotein C-II), coagulation (Fibrinogen alpha chain and serpin), immunoinflammatory responses (complement C3 and C1), and endovascular hemostasis (basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan) were significantly modulated after the RIC intervention. Many of these induced changes, such as in the lipid metabolism regulation and anticoagulation responses, starting as early as two weeks following the RIC intervention. The complementary activation and protection of the endovascular cells occurred more than three weeks postintervention. Conclusions: Multiple protective effects were induced by RIC and involved lipid metabolism regulation (anti-atherogenesis), anticoagulation (antithrombosis), complement activation, and endovascular homeostasis (anti-inflammation). In conclusion, this study indicates that RIC results in significant modulations of the plasma proteome. It also provides ideas for future research and screening targets.
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Ke M, Kang L, Wang L, Yang S, Wang Y, Liu H, Gu C, Huang H, Yang Y. CAR-T therapy alters synthesis of platelet-activating factor in multiple myeloma patients. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:90. [PMID: 34108020 PMCID: PMC8191024 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chimera antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a novel and potential targeted therapy and has achieved satisfactory efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) in recent years. However, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and clinical efficacy have become the major obstacles which limit the application of CAR-T in clinics. To explore the potential biomarkers in plasma for evaluating CRS and clinical efficacy, we performed metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of plasma samples from 17 relapsed or refractory MM patients received CAR-T therapy. Our study showed that glycerophosphocholine (GPC), an intermediate of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-like molecule, was significantly decreased when the participants underwent CRS, and the remarkable elevation of lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), which were catalyzed by lysoPC acyltransferase (LPCAT) was a distinct metabolism signature of relapsed or refractory MM patients with prognostic value post-CAR-T therapy. Both GPC and lysoPC are involved in platelet-activating factor (PAF) remodeling pathway. Besides, these findings were validated by LPCAT1 expression, a key factor in the PAF pathway, associated with poor outcome in three MM GEP datasets of MM. In conclusion, CAR-T therapy alters PAF synthesis in MM patients, and targeting PAF remodeling may be a promising strategy to enhance MM CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Ke
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liqing Kang
- Shanghai Unicar-Therapy Bio-Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shu Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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10
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Lannes-Costa PS, de Oliveira JSS, da Silva Santos G, Nagao PE. A current review of pathogenicity determinants of Streptococcus sp. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1600-1620. [PMID: 33772968 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Streptococcus comprises important pathogens, many of them are part of the human or animal microbiota. Advances in molecular genetics, taxonomic approaches and phylogenomic studies have led to the establishment of at least 100 species that have a severe impact on human health and are responsible for substantial economic losses to agriculture. The infectivity of the pathogens is linked to cell-surface components and/or secreted virulence factors. Bacteria have evolved sophisticated and multifaceted adaptation strategies to the host environment, including biofilm formation, survival within professional phagocytes, escape the host immune response, amongst others. This review focuses on virulence mechanism and zoonotic potential of Streptococcus species from pyogenic (S. agalactiae, S. pyogenes) and mitis groups (S. pneumoniae).
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Lannes-Costa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Streptococci, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J S S de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Streptococci, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G da Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Streptococci, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P E Nagao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Streptococci, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Travers JB, Rohan JG, Sahu RP. New Insights Into the Pathologic Roles of the Platelet-Activating Factor System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:624132. [PMID: 33796070 PMCID: PMC8008455 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.624132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Described almost 50 years ago, the glycerophosphocholine lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been implicated in many pathologic processes. Indeed, elevated levels of PAF can be measured in response to almost every type of pathology involving inflammation and cell damage/death. In this review, we provide evidence for PAF involvement in pathologic processes, with focus on cancer, the nervous system, and in photobiology. Importantly, recent insights into how PAF can generate and travel via bioactive extracellular vesicles such as microvesicle particles (MVP) are presented. What appears to be emerging from diverse pathologies in different organ systems is a common theme where pro-oxidative stressors generate oxidized glycerophosphocholines with PAF agonistic effects, which then trigger more enzymatic PAF synthesis via the PAF receptor. A downstream consequence of PAF receptor activation is the generation and release of MVP which provide a mechanism to transmit PAF as well as other bioactive agents. The knowledge gaps which when addressed could result in novel therapeutic strategies are also discussed. Taken together, an enhanced understanding of the PAF family of lipid mediators is essential in our improved comprehension of the relationship amongst the diverse cutaneous, cancerous, neurologic and systemic pathologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey B. Travers, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-7232-1039
| | - Joyce G. Rohan
- Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Environmental Health Effects Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, United States
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
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Wang J, Fan K, He C, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Huang W. A novel Danshensu/tetramethylpyrazine protects against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in rats. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2716-2724. [PMID: 34104104 PMCID: PMC8176181 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Danshensu/tetramethylpyrazine derivative (ADTM) with cardio-protection effects such as antioxidant, arterial relaxation, pro-angiogenesis and antiplatelet activities. Platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) plays a key role in myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR) injury. This study aims to investigate the protective role of ADTM in MIR injury and clarify the potential role of PAFR. We measured the effects of ADTM on MIR injury in rats in vivo and hypoxia re-oxygenation (HR) injury in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) in vitro. The results show that ADTM can significantly improve the IR-induced decline in heart function as increasing EF and FS, and restore the decreased cardiac hemodynamic parameters (LVSP, ± dp/dt max) and increased the level of LVEDP, decrease the infarct size of damaged myocardium and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum. Additionally, ADTM inhibits cardiomyocytes apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, and inflammatory response as well as down-regulates the MIR-induced IL-1β and TNFα production. Next, PAFR expression was significantly down-regulated in cardiomyocytes of MIR model in vivo and in vitro after treated with ADTM compare to IR group. At the same time, ADTM and PAFR small interfering RNA (siRNA) could inhibit cardiomyocytes apoptosis and inflammation during HR, while PAF presents the opposite effect. Furthermore, the above effects of PAF in HR induced cardiomyocytes were reversed by co-treatment of ADTM. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that ADTM protects against MIR injury through inhibition of PAFR signaling, which provides a new treatment for MIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Qingyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China
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13
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Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Wimmer I, Berger J. Plasmalogens, platelet-activating factor and beyond - Ether lipids in signaling and neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105061. [PMID: 32861763 PMCID: PMC7116601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-based ether lipids including ether phospholipids form a specialized branch of lipids that in mammals require peroxisomes for their biosynthesis. They are major components of biological membranes and one particular subgroup, the plasmalogens, is widely regarded as a cellular antioxidant. Their vast potential to influence signal transduction pathways is less well known. Here, we summarize the literature showing associations with essential signaling cascades for a wide variety of ether lipids, including platelet-activating factor, alkylglycerols, ether-linked lysophosphatidic acid and plasmalogen-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids. The available experimental evidence demonstrates links to several common players like protein kinase C, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, ether lipid levels have repeatedly been connected to some of the most abundant neurological diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and more recently also neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. Thus, we critically discuss the potential role of these compounds in the etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases with an emphasis on signaling processes. Finally, we review the emerging interest in plasmalogens as treatment target in neurological diseases, assessing available data and highlighting future perspectives. Although many aspects of ether lipid involvement in cellular signaling identified in vitro still have to be confirmed in vivo, the compiled data show many intriguing properties and contributions of these lipids to health and disease that will trigger further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Isabella Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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14
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Effect of acyl and alkyl analogs of platelet-activating factor on inflammatory signaling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 151:106478. [PMID: 32711129 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a bioactive ether phospholipid with significant pro-inflammatory properties, was identified almost half a century ago. Despite extensive study of this autocoid, therapeutic strategies for targeting its signaling components have not been successful, including the recent clinical trials with darapladib, a drug that targets plasma PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). We recently provided experimental evidence that the previously unrecognized acyl analog of PAF, which is concomitantly produced along with PAF during biosynthesis, dampens PAF signaling by acting both as a sacrificial substrate for PAF-AH and probably as an endogenous PAF-receptor antagonist/partial agonist. If this is the scenario in vivo, PAF-AH needs to catalyze the selective hydrolysis of alkyl-PAF and not acyl-PAF. Accordingly, different approaches are needed for treating inflammatory diseases in which PAF signaling is implicated. The interplay between acyl-PAF, alkyl-PAF, PAF-AH, and PAF-R is complex, and the outcome of this interplay has not been previously appreciated. In this review, we discuss this interaction based on our recent findings. It is very likely that the relative abundance of acyl and alkyl-PAF and their interactions with PAF-R in the presence of their hydrolyzing enzyme PAF-AH may exert a modulatory effect on PAF signaling during inflammation.
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15
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Liu L, Fahy KE, Awoyemi AA, Thapa P, Kelly LE, Chen J, Bihl JC, Cool DR, Chen Y, Rapp CM, Johnson RM, Travers JB. Thermal Burn Injury Generates Bioactive Microvesicles: Evidence for a Novel Transport Mechanism for the Lipid Mediator Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) That Involves Subcellular Particles and the PAF Receptor. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:193-201. [PMID: 32434939 PMCID: PMC7342023 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermal burn injuries are an important environmental stressor that can result in considerable morbidity and mortality. The exact mechanism by which an environmental stimulus to skin results in local and systemic effects is an area of active research. One potential mechanism to allow skin keratinocytes to disperse bioactive substances is via microvesicle particles, which are subcellular bodies released directly from cellular membranes. Our previous studies have indicated that thermal burn injury of the skin keratinocyte in vitro results in the production of the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). The present studies demonstrate that thermal burn injury to keratinocytes in vitro and human skin explants ex vivo, and mice in vivo generate microvesicle particles. Use of pharmacologic and genetic tools indicates that the optimal release of microvesicles is dependent upon the PAF receptor. Of note, burn injury-stimulated microvesicle particles do not carry appreciable protein cytokines yet contain high levels of PAF. These studies describe a novel mechanism involving microvesicle particles by which a metabolically labile bioactive lipid can travel from cells in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langni Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Katherine E Fahy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Azeezat A Awoyemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Pariksha Thapa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Lisa E Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Jay Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Ji C Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - David R Cool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Christine M Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - R Michael Johnson
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435;
- Department of Dermatology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435; and
- Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428
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16
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Zhang X, Wei D, Zhao Y, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Song Y, Cai M, Zhang W, Zhao J, Lv C, Zhu H. Immunization With a Secreted Esterase Protects Mice Against Multiple Serotypes (M1, M3, and M28) of Group A Streptococcus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:565. [PMID: 32308652 PMCID: PMC7145942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal secreted esterase (Sse) is a platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase that is critical for Group A Streptococcus (GAS) skin invasion and innate immune evasion. There are two Sse variant complexes that share >98% identity within each complex but display about 37% variation between the complexes in amino acid sequences. Sse immunization protects mice against lethal infection and skin invasion in subcutaneous infection with the hypervirulent CovRS mutant strain, MGAS5005. However, it is not known whether Sse immunization provides significant protection against infection of GAS with functional CovRS and whether immunization with Sse of one variant complex provides protection against infection of GAS that produces Sse of another variant complex. This study was designed to address these questions. Mice were immunized with recombinant Sse of M1 GAS (SseM1) and challenged with MGAS5005 (serotype M1, CovS mutant, and Sse of variant complex I), MGAS315 (M3, CovS mutant, and Sse of variant complex I), MGAS2221 (M1, wild-type CovRS, and Sse of variant complex I), and MGAS6180 (M28, wild-type CovRS, and Sse of variant complex II). SseM1 immunization significantly increased survival rates of mice in subcutaneous MGAS5005 and intraperitoneal MGAS6180 challenges and showed consistently higher or longer survival in the other challenges. Immunized mice had smaller skin lesion and higher neutrophil responses in subcutaneous infections and lower GAS burdens in spleen, liver, and kidney in most of the challenge experiments than control mice. SseM1 immunization enhanced proinflammatory responses. These data suggest that Sse immunization has a broad benefit against GAS infections that can vary in extent from strain to strain and that the benefit may be due to the immunization-enhanced proinflammatory responses. In particular, immunization with SseM1 can provide protection against M28 GAS infection even though its Sse and SseM1 have significant variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Deqin Wei
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingli Song
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Cai
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jizi Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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17
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Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. Platelet activation and prothrombotic mediators at the nexus of inflammation and atherosclerosis: Potential role of antiplatelet agents. Blood Rev 2020; 45:100694. [PMID: 32340775 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are central to inflammation-related manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, thromboxane A2 (TxA2), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are some of the key agonists of platelet activation that are at the intersection between a plethora of inflammatory pathways that modulate pro-inflammatory and coagulation processes. The aim of this article is to review the role of platelets and the relationship between their structure, function, and the interactions of their constituents in systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Antiplatelet therapies are discussed with a view to primary prevention of CVD by the clinical reduction of platelet reactivity and inflammation. Current antiplatelet therapies are effective in reducing cardiovascular risk but increase bleeding risk. Novel therapeutic antiplatelet approaches beyond current pharmacological modalities that do not increase the risk of bleeding require further investigation. There is potential for specifically designed nutraceuticals that may become safer alternatives to pharmacological antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of CVD but there is serious concern over their efficacy and regulation, which requires considerably more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA.
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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18
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Yi L, Zhang J, Zhong J, Zheng Y. Elevated Levels of Platelet Activating Factor and Its Acetylhydrolase Indicate High Risk of Kawasaki Disease. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:159-167. [PMID: 31841639 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lunyu Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuqiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P. R. China
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19
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Abhilasha KV, Sumanth MS, Chaithra VH, Jacob SP, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP, Rajaiah R, Prabhu KS, Kemparaju K, Travers JB, Chen CH, Marathe GK. p38 MAP-kinase inhibitor protects against platelet-activating factor-induced death in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:275-287. [PMID: 31442556 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory agonist. In Swiss albino mice, intraperitoneal injection of PAF causes sudden death with oxidative stress and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), characterized by prolonged prothrombin time, thrombocytopenia, reduced fibrinogen content, and increased levels of fibrinogen degradation products. However, the underlying mechanism(s) is unknown. The PAF-R antagonist WEB-2086 protected mice against PAF-induced death by reducing DIC and oxidative stress. Accordingly, general antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, gallic acid, and N-acetylcysteine partially protected mice from PAF-induced death. N-acetylcysteine, a clinically used antioxidant, prevented death in 67% of mice, ameliorated DIC characteristics and histological alterations in the liver, and reduced oxidative stress. WEB-2086 suppressed H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages, suggesting that PAF signaling may be a downstream effector of reactive oxygen species generation. PAF stimulated all three (ERK, JNK, and p38) of the MAP-kinases, which were also inhibited by N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and ERK inhibitor (SCH772984) partially protected mice against PAF-induced death, whereas a p38 MAP-kinase inhibitor (SB203580) provided complete protection against DIC and death. In human platelets, which have the canonical PAF-R and functional MAP-kinases, JNK and p38 inhibitors abolished PAF-induced platelet aggregation, but the ERK inhibitor was ineffective. Our studies identify p38 MAP-kinase as a critical, but unrecognized component in PAF-induced mortality in mice. These findings suggest an alternative therapeutic strategy to address PAF-mediated pathogenicity, which plays a role in a broad range of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosale Seetharam Sumanth
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shancy Petsel Jacob
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Rajesh Rajaiah
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeffrey Bryant Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India.
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20
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Trimarchi H, Coppo R. Podocytopathy in the mesangial proliferative immunoglobulin A nephropathy: new insights into the mechanisms of damage and progression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34:1280-1285. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) was defined as a mesangiopathic disease, since the primary site of deposition of IgA immune material is the mesangium, and proliferation of mesangial cells and matrix excess deposition are the first histopathologic lesions. However, the relentless silent progression of IgAN is mostly due to the development of persistent proteinuria, and recent studies indicate that a major role is played by previous damage of function and anatomy of podocytes. In IgAN, the podocytopathic changes are the consequence of initial alterations in the mesangial area with accumulation of IgA containing immune material. Podocytes are therefore affected by interactions of messages originally driven from the mesangium. After continuous insult, podocytes detach from the glomerular basement membrane. This podocytopathy favours not only the development of glomerular focal and segmental sclerosis, but also the progressive renal function loss. It is still debated whether these lesions can be prevented or cured by corticosteroid/immunosuppressive treatment. We aimed to review recent data on the mechanisms implicated in the podocytopathy present in IgAN, showing new molecular risk factors for progression of this disease. Moreover, these observations may indicate that the target for new drugs is not only focused on decreasing the activity of mesangial cells and inflammatory reactions in IgAN, but also on improving podocyte function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Trimarchi
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Coppo
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy
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