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Manca C, Coa R, Murru E, Carta G, Pinna G, Sanfilippo R, Polizzi L, Pistis M, Follesa P, Puligheddu M, Banni S. Identification of metabolic biomarkers of chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:432-438. [PMID: 38016924 PMCID: PMC10839364 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation by means of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy, reduces seizure frequency and improves quality of life in subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), yet its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of chronic VNS on lipid bioactive metabolites and fatty acids (FA) in the plasma and red blood cells of seven subjects with DRE. By measuring expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) genes-key regulators in energy and lipid metabolism-and lipid profiles before and after various stages of VNS, this study identifies potential mechanisms by which VNS may reduce seizure frequency. Blood samples collected before VNS device implantation, after acute VNS stimulus, and following gradual intensity increments up to therapeutic levels revealed that VNS increases SIRT1 and PPARα expression and erythrocyte concentrations of PPARα ligands. Additionally, we observe reduced de novo lipogenesis biomarkers in erythrocytes, indicating that VNS may influence systemic lipid and energy metabolism. Our findings suggest that VNS could enhance neuronal function by modulating energy metabolism, thus potentially reducing seizure frequency in subjects with DRE. Future research targeting SIRT1 and PPARα may provide innovative therapeutic strategies for managing DRE. Plain Language Summary: The exact mechanism of VNS is still unknown. This study investigated the effects of VNS Therapy on energetic metabolism, suggesting possible novel biomarkers for DRE subjects and neuromodulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of PhysiologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Roberta Coa
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult EpilepsyNeurology UnitAOU CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of PhysiologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of PhysiologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Giovanni Pinna
- SC NeurosurgeryNeuroscience and Rehabilitation Department, San Michele HospitalARNAS G. BrotzuCagliariItaly
| | | | - Lorenzo Polizzi
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult EpilepsyNeurology UnitAOU CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of Neuroscience and Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
- Neuroscience InstituteNational Research Council of Italy (CNR), Section of CagliariCagliariItaly
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitAOU CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Paolo Follesa
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesSection of Neuroscience and AnthropologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult EpilepsyNeurology UnitAOU CagliariCagliariItaly
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of PhysiologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
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Murru E, Carta G, Manca C, Sogos V, Pistis M, Melis M, Banni S. Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Brain Metabolism: A Possible Anti-Neuroinflammatory Role Mediated by PPARα Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:587140. [PMID: 33505308 PMCID: PMC7832089 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids play a crucial role in the brain as specific receptor ligands and as precursors of bioactive metabolites. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) present in meat and dairy products of ruminants and synthesized endogenously in non-ruminants and humans, has been shown to possess different nutritional properties associated with health benefits. Its ability to bind to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, a nuclear receptor key regulator of fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory responses, partly mediates these beneficial effects. CLA is incorporated and metabolized into brain tissue where induces the biosynthesis of endogenous PPARα ligands palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), likely through a positive feedback mechanism where PPARα activation sustains its own cellular effects through ligand biosynthesis. In addition to PPARα, PEA and OEA may as well bind to other receptors such as TRPV1, further extending CLA own anti-neuroinflammatory actions. Future studies are needed to investigate whether dietary CLA may exert anti-inflammatory activity, particularly in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders with a neuroinflammatory basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Schrader M, Kamoshita M, Islinger M. Organelle interplay-peroxisome interactions in health and disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:71-89. [PMID: 30864148 PMCID: PMC7041636 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are multifunctional, dynamic, membrane-bound organelles with important functions in cellular lipid metabolism, rendering them essential for human health and development. Important roles for peroxisomes in signaling and the fine-tuning of cellular processes are emerging, which integrate them in a complex network of interacting cellular compartments. Like many other organelles, peroxisomes communicate through membrane contact sites. For example, peroxisomal growth, positioning, and lipid metabolism involves contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we discuss the most recent findings on peroxisome-organelle interactions including peroxisome-ER interplay at membrane contacts sites, and functional interplay with mitochondria, lysosomes, and lipid droplets in mammalian cells. We address tether proteins, metabolic cooperation, and the impact of peroxisome interactions on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Maki Kamoshita
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty ManheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
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Natural CLA-Enriched Lamb Meat Fat Modifies Tissue Fatty Acid Profile and Increases n-3 HUFA Score in Obese Zucker Rats. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110751. [PMID: 31752405 PMCID: PMC6921071 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminant fats are characterized by different levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3, ALA), according to animal diet. Tissue fatty acids and their N-acylethanolamides were analyzed in male obese Zucker rats fed diets containing lamb meat fat with different fatty acid profiles: (A) enriched in CLA; (B) enriched in ALA and low in CLA; (C) low in ALA and CLA; and one containing a mixture of olive and corn oils: (D) high in linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA) and ALA, in order to evaluate early lipid metabolism markers. No changes in body and liver weights were observed. CLA and ALA were incorporated into most tissues, mirroring the dietary content; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased according to dietary ALA, which was strongly influenced by CLA. The n-3 highly-unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) score, biomarker of the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio, was increased in tissues of rats fed animal fats high in CLA and/or ALA compared to those fed vegetable fat. DHA and CLA were associated with a significant increase in oleoylethanolamide and decrease in anandamide in subcutaneous fat. The results showed that meat fat nutritional values are strongly influenced by their CLA and ALA contents, modulating the tissue n-3 HUFA score.
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Inhibition of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase reduces nicotine-induced dopamine activation and reward. Neuropharmacology 2018; 144:327-336. [PMID: 30439418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is the leading preventable cause of death in the world and treatments aimed to increase success rate in smoking cessation by reducing nicotine dependence are sought. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) by synthetic or endogenous agonists was shown to suppress nicotine-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine system, one of the major neurobiological substrates of nicotine dependence, and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats and monkeys. An alternative indirect way to activate PPARα is inhibition of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), one of the major hydrolyzing enzyme for its endogenous agonists palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA). We synthetized a novel specific brain permeable NAAA inhibitor, AM11095. We administered AM11095 to rats and carried out brain lipid analysis, a functional observational battery (FOB) to assess toxicity, in vivo electrophysiological recording from dopamine cells in the ventral tegmental area, brain microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens shell and behavioral experiments to assess its effect on nicotine -induced conditioned place preference (CPP). AM11095 (5 and 25 mg/kg, i.p.) was devoid of neurotoxic and behavioral effects and did not affect motor behavior and coordination. This NAAA inhibitor (5 mg/kg i.p.) increased OEA and PEA levels in the hippocampus and cortex, prevented nicotine-induced activation of mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, nicotine-induced elevation of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell and decreased the expression of nicotine CPP. Our results indicate that NAAA inhibitors represent a new class of pharmacological tools to modulate brain PEA/PPARα signalling and show potential in the treatment of nicotine dependence.
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Performance of 3‑[4‑(bromomethyl)phenyl]‑7‑(diethylamino) coumarin as a derivatization reagent for the analysis of medium and long chain fatty acids using HPLC with LIF detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1100-1101:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Murru E, Carta G, Cordeddu L, Melis MP, Desogus E, Ansar H, Chilliard Y, Ferlay A, Stanton C, Coakley M, Ross RP, Piredda G, Addis M, Mele MC, Cannelli G, Banni S, Manca C. Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Enriched Cheeses Influence the Levels of Circulating n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061730. [PMID: 29891784 PMCID: PMC6032244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) directly and indirectly regulate lipid metabolism, energy balance and the inflammatory response. We investigated changes to the n-3 HUFA score of healthy adults, induced by different types and amounts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched (ENCH) cheeses consumed for different periods of time, compared to dietary fish oil (FO) pills (500 mg, each containing 100 mg of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids—EPA+DHA) or α-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich linseed oil (4 g, containing 2 g of ALA). A significant increase in the n-3 HUFA score was observed, in a dose-dependent manner, after administration of the FO supplement. In terms of the impact on the n-3 HUFA score, the intake of ENCH cheese (90 g/day) for two or four weeks was equivalent to the administration of one or two FO pills, respectively. Conversely, the linseed oil intake did not significantly impact the n-3 HUFA score. Feeding ENCH cheeses from different sources (bovine, ovine and caprine) for two months improved the n-3 HUFA score by increasing plasma DHA, and the effect was proportional to the CLA content in the cheese. We suggest that the improved n-3 HUFA score resulting from ENCH cheese intake may be attributed to increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) activity. This study demonstrates that natural ENCH cheese is an alternative nutritional source of n-3 HUFA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Murru
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Lina Cordeddu
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Maria Paola Melis
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Erika Desogus
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Hastimansooreh Ansar
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Yves Chilliard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Mairéad Coakley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Giovanni Piredda
- Servizio per la Ricerca nei Prodotti di Origine Animale, AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Margherita Addis
- Servizio per la Ricerca nei Prodotti di Origine Animale, AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Giorgio Cannelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Claudia Manca
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
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Zhang HM, Xia HL, Jiang HR, Mao YJ, Qu KX, Huang BZ, Gong YC, Yang ZP. Longissimus dorsi muscle transcriptomic analysis of Yunling and Chinese simmental cattle differing in intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition. Genome 2018; 61:549-558. [PMID: 29883552 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition vary significantly across beef cattle breeds, which play an important role in taste and nutritional value. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypic differences remain unknown. The present study compared meat quality traits between Yunling cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle. Yunling cattle showed a lower IMF content and proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), as well as higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and short-chain fatty acids (sc-FA) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle than Chinese Simmental cattle. To further identify the candidate genes and pathways responsible for these phenotypic differences, the transcriptome of LD muscle from the two breeds were measured using RNA-seq. A total of 1347 differentially expressed genes were identified. The major metabolic pathways that were differentially modulated were lipolysis and glycometabolism. Yunling cattle showed a higher expression of lipolysis genes (ALDH9A1, ACSL5, ACADM, ACAT2, ACOT2) and a lower expression of genes related to glycometabolism (PGM1, GALM, PGM1, GPI, LDHA). This research identified candidate genes and pathways for IMF content and FA composition in the LD muscle of beef cattle, which may facilitate the design of new selection strategies to improve meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Zhang
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - H L Xia
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - H R Jiang
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Y J Mao
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - K X Qu
- c Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650212, China
| | - B Z Huang
- c Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650212, China
| | - Y C Gong
- d The Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
| | - Z P Yang
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Shinde AB, Baboota RK, Denis S, Loizides-Mangold U, Peeters A, Espeel M, Malheiro AR, Riezman H, Vinckier S, Vaz FM, Brites P, Ferdinandusse S, Van Veldhoven PP, Baes M. Mitochondrial disruption in peroxisome deficient cells is hepatocyte selective but is not mediated by common hepatic peroxisomal metabolites. Mitochondrion 2018; 39:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Ferdinandusse S. Peroxisomes and Their Central Role in Metabolic Interaction Networks in Humans. Subcell Biochem 2018; 89:345-365. [PMID: 30378031 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2233-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes catalyze a number of essential metabolic functions and impairments in any of these are usually associated with major clinical signs and symptoms. In contrast to mitochondria which are autonomous organelles that can catalyze the degradation of fatty acids, certain amino acids and other compounds all by themselves, peroxisomes are non-autonomous organelles which are highly dependent on the interaction with other organelles and compartments to fulfill their role in metabolism. This includes mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and the cytosol. In this paper we will discuss the central role of peroxisomes in different metabolic interaction networks in humans, including fatty acid oxidation, ether phospholipid biosynthesis, bile acid synthesis, fatty acid alpha-oxidation and glyoxylate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Daniela D'Agostino
- McGill University Department of Human Genetics and McGill University Health Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Braverman
- McGill University Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Ferdinandusse S. Metabolic Interplay between Peroxisomes and Other Subcellular Organelles Including Mitochondria and the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 3:83. [PMID: 26858947 PMCID: PMC4729952 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are unique subcellular organelles which play an indispensable role in several key metabolic pathways which include: (1.) etherphospholipid biosynthesis; (2.) fatty acid beta-oxidation; (3.) bile acid synthesis; (4.) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synthesis; (5.) fatty acid alpha-oxidation; (6.) glyoxylate metabolism; (7.) amino acid degradation, and (8.) ROS/RNS metabolism. The importance of peroxisomes for human health and development is exemplified by the existence of a large number of inborn errors of peroxisome metabolism in which there is an impairment in one or more of the metabolic functions of peroxisomes. Although the clinical signs and symptoms of affected patients differ depending upon the enzyme which is deficient and the extent of the deficiency, the disorders involved are usually (very) severe diseases with neurological dysfunction and early death in many of them. With respect to the role of peroxisomes in metabolism it is clear that peroxisomes are dependent on the functional interplay with other subcellular organelles to sustain their role in metabolism. Indeed, whereas mitochondria can oxidize fatty acids all the way to CO2 and H2O, peroxisomes are only able to chain-shorten fatty acids and the end products of peroxisomal beta-oxidation need to be shuttled to mitochondria for full oxidation to CO2 and H2O. Furthermore, NADH is generated during beta-oxidation in peroxisomes and beta-oxidation can only continue if peroxisomes are equipped with a mechanism to reoxidize NADH back to NAD+, which is now known to be mediated by specific NAD(H)-redox shuttles. In this paper we describe the current state of knowledge about the functional interplay between peroxisomes and other subcellular compartments notably the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum for each of the metabolic pathways in which peroxisomes are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory Division, Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory Division, Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory Division, Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Piras A, Carta G, Murru E, Lopes PA, Martins SV, Prates JAM, Banni S. Effects of dietary CLA on n-3 HUFA score and N-acylethanolamides biosynthesis in the liver of obese Zucker rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 98:15-9. [PMID: 25912618 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that PPAR alpha agonists induce N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) biosynthesis. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a known dietary PPAR alpha inducer, may therefore increase OEA and PEA levels and favor docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis by enhancing peroxisomal β-oxidation via induction of liver PPARα. To evaluate whether CLA is able to increase DHA, OEA and PEA levels and thereby influencing liver lipid deposition in a model of visceral obesity-induced fatty liver, Zucker rats were fed a background diet rich in saturated fat with or without 1% of CLA for 4 weeks. Our data showed that CLA intake increased DHA, OEA and PEA levels in the liver by 24%, 31% and 36% respectively, and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by 16%. We may conclude that dietary CLA is able to influence not only fatty acid metabolism but also the biosynthesis of bioactive mediators such as OEA and PEA which may contribute to ameliorate fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Piras
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari Italy
| | - Paula A Lopes
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana V Martins
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari Italy.
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Hou L, Lian K, Yao M, Shi Y, Lu X, Fang L, He T, Jiang L. Reduction of n-3 PUFAs, specifically DHA and EPA, and enhancement of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in type 2 diabetic rat heart. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:126. [PMID: 23057715 PMCID: PMC3490815 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is overwhelming evidence that dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly EPA (C20:5n-3) and DHA (C22:6n-3), has cardiovascular protective effects on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but not on healthy people. Because the T2DM heart increases fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to compensate for the diminished utilization of glucose, we hypothesize that T2DM hearts consume more n-3 PUFAs and, therefore, need more n-3 PUFAs. In the present study, we investigated the changes in cardiac n-3 PUFAs and peroxisomal beta-oxidation, which are responsible for the degradation of PUFAs in a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin- (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rat model. Methods and results The capillary gas chromatography results showed that all the n-3 (or omega-3) PUFAs, especially DHA (~50%) and EPA (~100%), were significantly decreased, and the n-6/n-3 ratio (~115%) was significantly increased in the hearts of diabetic rats. The activity of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, which is crucial to very-long-chain and unsaturated FA metabolism (including DHA), was significantly elevated in DM hearts. Additionally, the real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of most peroxisomal beta-oxidation key enzymes were up-regulated in T2DM rat hearts, which might contribute to the reduction of n-3 (or omega-3) PUFAs. Conclusion In conclusion, our results indicate that T2DM hearts consume more n-3 PUFAs, especially DHA and EPA, due to exaggerated peroxisomal beta-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, No, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
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15
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Genin EC, Geillon F, Gondcaille C, Athias A, Gambert P, Trompier D, Savary S. Substrate specificity overlap and interaction between adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP/ABCD1) and adrenoleukodystrophy-related protein (ALDRP/ABCD2). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8075-8084. [PMID: 21209459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.211912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamily D called ALDP. ALDP is supposed to function as a homodimer allowing the entry of CoA-esters of very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into the peroxisome, the unique site of their β-oxidation. ALDP deficiency can be corrected by overexpression of ALDRP, its closest homolog. However, the exact nature of the substrates transported by ALDRP and its relationships with ALDP still remain unclear. To gain insight into the function of ALDRP, we used cell models allowing the induction in a dose-dependent manner of a wild type or a mutated non-functional ALDRP-EGFP fusion protein. We explored the consequences of the changes of ALDRP expression levels on the fatty acid content (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) in phospholipids as well as on the levels of β-oxidation of 3 suspected substrates: C26:0, C24:0, and C22:6n-3 (DHA). We found an inverse correlation between the fatty acid content of saturated (C26:0, C24:0) and monounsaturated (C26:1, C24:1) VLCFA and the expression level of ALDRP. Interestingly, we obtained a transdominant-negative effect of the inactive ALDRP-EGFP on ALDP function. This effect is due to a physical interaction between ALDRP and ALDP that we evidenced by proximity ligation assays and coimmunoprecipitation. Finally, the β-oxidation assays demonstrate a role of ALDRP in the metabolism of saturated VLCFA (redundant with that of ALDP) but also a specific involvement of ALDRP in the metabolism of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle C Genin
- From the INSERM, UMR866, Centre de Recherche Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Dijon F-21000,; the Université de Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Nutritionnelle (LBMN), GDRCNRS 2583, 6 Bd Gabriel, Dijon F-21000, and
| | - Flore Geillon
- From the INSERM, UMR866, Centre de Recherche Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Dijon F-21000,; the Université de Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Nutritionnelle (LBMN), GDRCNRS 2583, 6 Bd Gabriel, Dijon F-21000, and
| | - Catherine Gondcaille
- From the INSERM, UMR866, Centre de Recherche Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Dijon F-21000,; the Université de Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Nutritionnelle (LBMN), GDRCNRS 2583, 6 Bd Gabriel, Dijon F-21000, and
| | - Anne Athias
- Plateforme de Lipidomique-IFR100, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Philippe Gambert
- Plateforme de Lipidomique-IFR100, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Doriane Trompier
- From the INSERM, UMR866, Centre de Recherche Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Dijon F-21000,; the Université de Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Nutritionnelle (LBMN), GDRCNRS 2583, 6 Bd Gabriel, Dijon F-21000, and
| | - Stéphane Savary
- From the INSERM, UMR866, Centre de Recherche Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Dijon F-21000,; the Université de Bourgogne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Nutritionnelle (LBMN), GDRCNRS 2583, 6 Bd Gabriel, Dijon F-21000, and.
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16
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Hao T, Ma HW, Zhao XM, Goryanin I. Compartmentalization of the Edinburgh Human Metabolic Network. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11:393. [PMID: 20649990 PMCID: PMC2918583 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Direct in vivo investigation of human metabolism is complicated by the distinct metabolic functions of various sub-cellular organelles. Diverse micro-environments in different organelles may lead to distinct functions of the same protein and the use of different enzymes for the same metabolic reaction. To better understand the complexity in the human metabolism, a compartmentalized human metabolic network with integrated sub-cellular location information is required. Results We extended the previously reconstructed Edinburgh Human Metabolic Network (EHMN) [Ma, et al. Molecular Systems Biology, 3:135, 2007] by integrating the sub-cellular location information for the reactions, adding transport reactions and refining the protein-reaction relationships based on the location information. Firstly, protein location information was obtained from Gene Ontology and complemented by a Swiss-Prot location keywords search. Then all the reactions in EHMN were assigned to a location based on the protein-reaction relationships to get a preliminary compartmentalized network. We investigated the localized sub-networks in each pathway to identify gaps and isolated reactions by connectivity analysis and refined the location information based on information from literature. As a result, location information for hundreds of reactions was revised and hundreds of incorrect protein-reaction relationships were corrected. Over 1400 transport reactions were added to link the location specific metabolic network. To validate the network, we have done pathway analysis to examine the capability of the network to synthesize or degrade certain key metabolites. Compared with a previously published human metabolic network (Human Recon 1), our network contains over 1000 more reactions assigned to clear cellular compartments. Conclusions By combining protein location information, network connectivity analysis and manual literature search, we have reconstructed a more complete compartmentalized human metabolic network. The whole network is available at http://www.ehmn.bioinformatics.ed.ac.uk and free for academic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Hao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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17
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Alessandri JM, Extier A, Astorg P, Lavialle M, Simon N, Guesnet P. Métabolisme des acides gras oméga-3 : différences entre hommes et femmes. NUTR CLIN METAB 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Fourcade S, Ruiz M, Camps C, Schlüter A, Houten SM, Mooyer PAW, Pàmpols T, Dacremont G, Wanders RJA, Giròs M, Pujol A. A key role for the peroxisomal ABCD2 transporter in fatty acid homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E211-21. [PMID: 18854420 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90736.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are essential organelles exerting key functions in fatty acid metabolism such as the degradation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). VLCFAs accumulate in X-adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a disease caused by deficiency of the Abcd1 peroxisomal transporter. Its closest homologue, Abcd2, exhibits a high degree of functional redundancy on the catabolism of VLCFA, being able to prevent X-ALD-related neurodegeneration in the mouse. In the search for specific roles of Abcd2, we screened fatty acid profiles in organs and primary neurons of mutant knockout mice lacking Abcd2 in basal conditions and under dietary challenges. Our results indicate that ABCD2 plays a role in the degradation of long-chain saturated and omega9-monounsaturated fatty acids and in the synthesis of docosahexanoic acid (DHA). Also, we demonstrated a defective VLCFA beta-oxidation ex vivo in brain slices of Abcd1 and Abcd2 knockouts, using radiolabeled hexacosanoic acid and the precursor of DHA as substrates. As DHA levels are inversely correlated with the incidence of Alzheimer's and several degenerative conditions, we suggest that ABCD2 may act as modulator/modifier gene and therapeutic target in rare and common human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Fourcade
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Sjögren K, Leung KC, Kaplan W, Gardiner-Garden M, Gibney J, Ho KKY. Growth hormone regulation of metabolic gene expression in muscle: a microarray study in hypopituitary men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E364-71. [PMID: 17456639 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00054.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle is a target of growth hormone (GH) action and a major contributor to whole body metabolism. Little is known about how GH regulates metabolic processes in muscle or the extent to which muscle contributes to changes in whole body substrate metabolism during GH treatment. To identify GH-responsive genes that regulate substrate metabolism in muscle, we studied six hypopituitary men who underwent whole body metabolic measurement and skeletal muscle biopsies before and after 2 wk of GH treatment (0.5 mg/day). Transcript profiles of four subjects were analyzed using Affymetrix GeneChips. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and procollagens I and III were measured by RIA. GH increased serum IGF-I and procollagens I and III, enhanced whole body lipid oxidation, reduced carbohydrate oxidation, and stimulated protein synthesis. It induced gene expression of IGF-I and collagens in muscle. GH reduced expression of several enzymes regulating lipid oxidation and energy production. It reduced calpain 3, increased ribosomal protein L38 expression, and displayed mixed effects on genes encoding myofibrillar proteins. It increased expression of circadian gene CLOCK, and reduced that of PERIOD. In summary, GH exerted concordant effects on muscle expression and blood levels of IGF-I and collagens. It induced changes in genes regulating protein metabolism in parallel with a whole body anabolic effect. The discordance between muscle gene expression profiles and metabolic responses suggests that muscle is unlikely to contribute to GH-induced stimulation of whole body energy and lipid metabolism. GH may regulate circadian function in skeletal muscle by modulating circadian gene expression with possible metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Sjögren
- Pituitary Research Unit, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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20
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Langelier B, Alessandri JM, Perruchot MH, Guesnet P, Lavialle M. Changes of the transcriptional and fatty acid profiles in response to n-3 fatty acids in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Lipids 2006; 40:719-28. [PMID: 16196423 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from its metabolic precursors contributes to membrane incorporation of this FA within the central nervous system. Although cultured neural cells are able to produce DHA, the membrane DHA contents resulting from metabolic conversion do not match the high values of those resulting from supplementation with preformed DHA. We have examined whether the DHA precursors down-regulate the incorporation of newly formed DHA within human neuroblastoma cells. SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with gradual doses of alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LNA), EPA, or docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and the incorporation of DHA into ethanolamine glycerophospholipids was analyzed as a reflection of synthesizing activity. The incorporation of EPA, DPA, and preformed DHA followed a dose-response saturating curve, whereas that of DHA synthesized either from alpha-LNA, EPA, or DPA peaked at concentrations of precursors below 15-30 microM and sharply decreased with higher doses. The mRNA encoding for six FA metabolism genes were quantified using real-time PCR. Two enzymes of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation, L-bifunctional protein and peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase, were expressed at lower levels than fatty acyl-CoA ligase 3 (FACL3) and delta6-desaturase (delta6-D). The delta6-D mRNA slightly increased between 16 and 48 h of culture, and this effect was abolished in the presence of 70 microM EPA. In contrast, the EPA treatment resulted in a time-dependent increase of FACL3 mRNA. The terminal step of DHA synthesis seems to form a "metabolic bottleneck," resulting in accretion of EPA and DPA when the precursor concentration exceeds a specific threshold value. We conclude that the critical precursor- concentration window of responsiveness may originate from the low basal expression level of peroxisomal enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Langelier
- Nutrition & Food Safety, Neurobiology of Lipids, INRA (l'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Feher J, Kovacs B, Kovacs I, Schveoller M, Papale A, Balacco Gabrieli C. Improvement of visual functions and fundus alterations in early age-related macular degeneration treated with a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine, n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10. Ophthalmologica 2005; 219:154-66. [PMID: 15947501 DOI: 10.1159/000085248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to determine the efficacy of a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine, n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10 (Phototrop) on the visual functions and fundus alterations in early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). One hundred and six patients with a clinical diagnosis of early AMD were randomized to the treated or control groups. The primary efficacy variable was the change in the visual field mean defect (VFMD) from baseline to 12 months of treatment, with secondary efficacy parameters: visual acuity (Snellen chart and ETDRS chart), foveal sensitivity as measured by perimetry, and fundus alterations as evaluated according to the criteria of the International Classification and Grading System for AMD. The mean change in all four parameters of visual functions showed significant improvement in the treated group by the end of the study period. In addition, in the treated group only 1 out of 48 cases (2%) while in the placebo group 9 out of 53 (17%) showed clinically significant (>2.0 dB) worsening in VFMD (p = 0.006, odds ratio: 10.93). Decrease in drusen-covered area of treated eyes was also statistically significant as compared to placebo when either the most affected eyes (p = 0.045) or the less affected eyes (p = 0.017) were considered. These findings strongly suggested that an appropriate combination of compounds which affect mitochondrial lipid metabolism, may improve and subsequently stabilize visual functions, and it may also improve fundus alterations in patients affected by early AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Feher
- Ophthalmic Neuroscience Program, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy.
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