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Min HD, Lee CH, Lee JH, Kim KY, Yoon CJ, Kim M. Development of a Rabbit Iliac Arterial Stenosis Model Using a Controlled Cholesterol Diet and Pullover Balloon Injury. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2024; 85:372-380. [PMID: 38617867 PMCID: PMC11009124 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2023.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to develop a rabbit iliac stenosis model and evaluate the effects of different mechanical injury techniques on the degree of arterial stenosis. Materials and Methods Eighteen rabbits were divided into three groups: cholesterol-fed with pullover balloon injury (group A; n = 6), cholesterol-fed with localized balloon dilatation (group B; n = 6), and chow-diet with pullover balloon injury (group C; n = 6). After baseline angiography, the left iliac arteries of all rabbits were injured with a 3 × 10 mm noncompliant balloon using either a wide pullover technique (groups A and C) or a localized balloon dilatation technique (group B). A nine-week follow-up angiography was performed, and the angiographic late lumen loss and percentage of stenosis were compared. Results Group A exhibited the most severe late lumen loss (A vs. B, 0.67 ± 0.13 vs. 0.04 ± 0.13 mm, p < 0.0001; A vs. C, 0.67 ± 0.13 vs. 0.26 ± 0.29 mm, p < 0.05; stenosis percentage 32.02% ± 6.54%). In contrast, group B showed a minimal percentage of stenosis (1.75% ± 6.55%). Conclusion Pullover-balloon injury can lead to significant iliac artery stenosis in rabbits with controlled hypercholesterolemia. This model may be useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and for evaluating the efficacy of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Sekita A, Unterweger H, Berg S, Ohlmeyer S, Bäuerle T, Zheng KH, Coolen BF, Nederveen AJ, Cabella C, Rossi S, Stroes ESG, Alexiou C, Lyer S, Cicha I. Accumulation of Iron Oxide-Based Contrast Agents in Rabbit Atherosclerotic Plaques in Relation to Plaque Age and Vulnerability Features. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1645-1666. [PMID: 38406599 PMCID: PMC10893894 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s430693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, a detailed characterization of a rabbit model of atherosclerosis was performed to assess the optimal time frame for evaluating plaque vulnerability using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods The progression of atherosclerosis induced by ballooning and a high-cholesterol diet was monitored using angiography, and the resulting plaques were characterized using immunohistochemistry and histology. Morphometric analyses were performed to evaluate plaque size and vulnerability features. The accumulation of SPIONs (novel dextran-coated SPIONDex and ferumoxytol) in atherosclerotic plaques was investigated by histology and MRI and correlated with plaque age and vulnerability. Toxicity of SPIONDex was evaluated in rats. Results Weak positive correlations were detected between plaque age and intima thickness, and total macrophage load. A strong negative correlation was observed between the minimum fibrous cap thickness and plaque age as well as the mean macrophage load. The accumulation of SPION in the atherosclerotic plaques was detected by MRI 24 h after administration and was subsequently confirmed by Prussian blue staining of histological specimens. Positive correlations between Prussian blue signal in atherosclerotic plaques, plaque age, and macrophage load were detected. Very little iron was observed in the histological sections of the heart and kidney, whereas strong staining of SPIONDex and ferumoxytol was detected in the spleen and liver. In contrast to ferumoxytol, SPIONDex administration in rabbits was well tolerated without inducing hypersensitivity. The maximum tolerated dose in rat model was higher than 100 mg Fe/kg. Conclusion Older atherosclerotic plaques with vulnerable features in rabbits are a useful tool for investigating iron oxide-based contrast agents for MRI. Based on the experimental data, SPIONDex particles constitute a promising candidate for further clinical translation as a safe formulation that offers the possibility of repeated administration free from the risks associated with other types of magnetic contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sekita
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Berg
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ohlmeyer
- Institute of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kang H Zheng
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram F Coolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Cabella
- Bracco Imaging SpA, Centro Ricerche Bracco, Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Bracco Imaging SpA, Centro Ricerche Bracco, Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lyer
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iwona Cicha
- ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Nadel J, Wang X, Saha P, Bongers A, Tumanov S, Giannotti N, Chen W, Vigder N, Chowdhury MM, da Cruz GL, Velasco C, Prieto C, Jabbour A, Botnar RM, Stocker R, Phinikaridou A. Molecular magnetic resonance imaging of myeloperoxidase activity identifies culprit lesions and predicts future atherothrombosis. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. IMAGING METHODS AND PRACTICE 2024; 2:qyae004. [PMID: 38370393 PMCID: PMC10870993 DOI: 10.1093/ehjimp/qyae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Aims Unstable atherosclerotic plaques have increased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). We examined whether molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intraplaque MPO activity predicts future atherothrombosis in rabbits and correlates with ruptured human atheroma. Methods and results Plaque MPO activity was assessed in vivo in rabbits (n = 12) using the MPO-gadolinium (Gd) probe at 8 and 12 weeks after induction of atherosclerosis and before pharmacological triggering of atherothrombosis. Excised plaques were used to confirm MPO activity by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) and to determine MPO distribution by histology. MPO activity was higher in plaques that caused post-trigger atherothrombosis than plaques that did not. Among the in vivo MRI metrics, the plaques' R1 relaxation rate after administration of MPO-Gd was the best predictor of atherothrombosis. MPO activity measured in human carotid endarterectomy specimens (n = 30) by MPO-Gd-enhanced MRI was correlated with in vivo patient MRI and histological plaque phenotyping, as well as LC-MSMS. MPO-Gd retention measured as the change in R1 relaxation from baseline was significantly greater in histologic and MRI-graded American Heart Association (AHA) type VI than type III-V plaques. This association was confirmed by comparing AHA grade to MPO activity determined by LC-MSMS. Conclusion We show that elevated intraplaque MPO activity detected by molecular MRI employing MPO-Gd predicts future atherothrombosis in a rabbit model and detects ruptured human atheroma, strengthening the translational potential of this approach to prospectively detect high-risk atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nadel
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Prakash Saha
- Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - André Bongers
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Giannotti
- Medical Imaging Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Niv Vigder
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | | | | | - Carlos Velasco
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Jabbour
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Santiago, Chile
- King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
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Arya P, Sharma V, Thapliyal S, Sagar R, Singh P. Preclinical models of atherosclerosis: An overview. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:535-542. [PMID: 38629090 PMCID: PMC11017846 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.74352.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a primary cause of illness and death globally and its mechanism is still unclear. Different animal models have been created to evaluate the progression of atherosclerosis, allowing researchers to carefully control the circumstances of the experiment as well as the nutrition and environmental risk factors. To investigate the negative effects of various interventions, pathophysiological alterations might be generated utilizing genetic or pharmacological methods. These models' molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms have been clarified through experiments, and they have served as platforms for the creation of new drugs. Different models can be employed to address various research problems, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. In the current review study, various species of atherosclerosis models are discussed, along with the viability of using them in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Arya
- Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Vikram Sharma
- Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Surabhi Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | | | - Priyanka Singh
- Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, U.P., India
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Staršíchová A. SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h Mice Mimic Human Coronary Heart Disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07475-8. [PMID: 37273155 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the modern world. Atherosclerosis underlies the majority of these pathologies and may result in sudden life-threatening events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Current concepts consider a rupture (resp. erosion) of "unstable/vulnerable" atherosclerotic plaques as a primary cause leading to thrombus formation and subsequent occlusion of the artery lumen finally triggering an acute clinical event. We and others described SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mice mimicking clinical coronary heart disease in all major aspects: from coronary atherosclerosis through vulnerable plaque ruptures leading to thrombus formation/coronary artery occlusion, finally resulting in myocardial infarction/ischemia. SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mouse provides a valuable model to study vulnerable/occlusive plaques, to evaluate bioactive compounds as well as new anti-inflammatory and "anti-rupture" drugs, and to test new technologies in experimental cardiovascular medicine. This review summarizes and discuss our knowledge about SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mouse model based on recent publications and experimental observations from the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Staršíchová
- Graduate School Cell Dynamics and Disease, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Novogenia Covid GmbH, Eugendorf, Austria.
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Taylor EN, Huang N, Lin S, Mortazavi F, Wedeen VJ, Siamwala JH, Gilbert RJ, Hamilton JA. Lipid and smooth muscle architectural pathology in the rabbit atherosclerotic vessel wall using Q-space cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2022; 24:74. [PMID: 36544161 PMCID: PMC9773609 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-022-00897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is an arterial vessel wall disease characterized by slow, progressive lipid accumulation, smooth muscle disorganization, and inflammatory infiltration. Atherosclerosis often remains subclinical until extensive inflammatory injury promotes vulnerability of the atherosclerotic plaque to rupture with luminal thrombosis, which can cause the acute event of myocardial infarction or stroke. Current bioimaging techniques are unable to capture the pathognomonic distribution of cellular elements of the plaque and thus cannot accurately define its structural disorganization. METHODS We applied cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CMRS) and diffusion weighted CMR (DWI) with generalized Q-space imaging (GQI) analysis to architecturally define features of atheroma and correlated these to the microscopic distribution of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers, thrombus, and cholesteryl esters (CE). We compared rabbits with normal chow diet and cholesterol-fed rabbits with endothelial balloon injury, which accelerates atherosclerosis and produces advanced rupture-prone plaques, in a well-validated rabbit model of human atherosclerosis. RESULTS Our methods revealed new structural properties of advanced atherosclerosis incorporating SMC and lipid distributions. GQI with tractography portrayed the locations of these components across the atherosclerotic vessel wall and differentiated multi-level organization of normal, pro-inflammatory cellular phenotypes, or thrombus. Moreover, the locations of CE were differentiated from cellular constituents by their higher restrictive diffusion properties, which permitted chemical confirmation of CE by high field voxel-guided CMRS. CONCLUSIONS GQI with tractography is a new method for atherosclerosis imaging that defines a pathological architectural signature for the atheromatous plaque composed of distributed SMC, ECM, inflammatory cells, and thrombus and lipid. This provides a detailed transmural map of normal and inflamed vessel walls in the setting of atherosclerosis that has not been previously achieved using traditional CMR techniques. Although this is an ex-vivo study, detection of micro and mesoscale level vascular destabilization as enabled by GQI with tractography could increase the accuracy of diagnosis and assessment of treatment outcomes in individuals with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik N Taylor
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, UNM School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nasi Huang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunni Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farzad Mortazavi
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Van J Wedeen
- AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamila H Siamwala
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbert
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James A Hamilton
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Zhang Y, Taylor E, Huang N, Hamilton J, Cheng JX. Survival intravascular photoacoustic imaging of lipid-rich plaque in cholesterol fed rabbits. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 4:e202200012. [PMID: 38283396 PMCID: PMC10812843 DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging is a promising modality for quantitative assessment of lipid-laden atherosclerotic plaques. Yet, survival IVPA imaging of the same plaque in the same animal is not demonstrated. Here, using a sheathed IVUS/PA catheter of 0.9 mm in diameter, we demonstrate MRI-guided survival IVPA imaging of same plaque in an aorta of a well-established rabbit model mimicking atherosclerosis in human patients. The IVUS/PA results were confirmed by histology. These advances open the opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapy that aims to reduce the size of atherosclerotic plaques and demonstrates the potential of translating the IVPA catheter into clinic for detection of lipid-rich plaques that are at high risk for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, USA
| | - Erik Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - Nasi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - James Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, USA
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Therapeutic inhibition of MPO stabilizes pre-existing high risk atherosclerotic plaque. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102532. [PMID: 36375379 PMCID: PMC9663534 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are no established therapies to treat high-risk patients with unstable atherosclerotic lesions that are prone to rupture and can result in thrombosis, abrupt arterial occlusion, and a precipitous infarction. Rather than being stenotic, rupture-prone non-occlusive plaques are commonly enriched with inflammatory cells and have a thin fibrous cap. We reported previously that inhibition of the pro-inflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) with the suicide inhibitor AZM198 prevents formation of unstable plaque in the Tandem Stenosis (TS) mouse model of plaque instability. However, in our previous study AZM198 was administered to animals before unstable plaque was present and hence it did not test the significant unmet clinical need present in high-risk patients with vulnerable atherosclerosis. In the present study we therefore asked whether pharmacological inhibition of MPO with AZM198 can stabilize pre-existing unstable lesions in an interventional setting using the mouse model of plaque instability. In vivo molecular magnetic resonance imaging of arterial MPO activity using bis-5-hydroxytryptamide-DTPA-Gd and histological analyses revealed that arterial MPO activity was elevated one week after TS surgery, prior to the presence of unstable lesions observed two weeks after TS surgery. Animals with pre-existing unstable plaque were treated with AZM198 for one or five weeks. Both short- and long-term intervention effectively inhibited arterial MPO activity and increased fibrous cap thickness, indicative of a more stable plaque phenotype. Plaque stabilization was observed without AZM198 affecting the arterial content of Ly6B.2+- and CD68+-cells and MPO protein. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of arterial MPO activity converts unstable into stable atherosclerotic lesions in a preclinical model of plaque instability and highlight the potential therapeutic potency of MPO inhibition for the management of high-risk patients and the development of novel protective strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
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Almer G, Opriessnig P, Wolinski H, Sommer G, Diwoky C, Lechleitner M, Kolb D, Bubalo V, Brunner MS, Schwarz AN, Leitinger G, Schoiswohl G, Marsche G, Niedrist T, Schauer S, Oswald W, Groselj-Strele A, Paar M, Cvirn G, Hoefler G, Rechberger GN, Herrmann M, Frank S, Holzapfel GA, Kratky D, Mangge H, Hörl G, Tehlivets O. Deficiency of B vitamins leads to cholesterol-independent atherogenic transformation of the aorta. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113640. [PMID: 36081286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease responsible for the majority of deaths worldwide, cannot be sufficiently explained by established risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia. Elevated plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and is strongly linked to cardiovascular mortality. However, the role of homocysteine in atherosclerosis is still insufficiently understood. Previous research in this area has been also hampered by the lack of reproducible in vivo models of atherosclerosis that resemble the human situation. Here, we have developed and applied an automated system for vessel wall injury that leads to more homogenous damage and more pronounced atherosclerotic plaque development, even at low balloon pressure. Our automated system helped to glean vital details of cholesterol-independent changes in the aortic wall of balloon-injured rabbits. We show that deficiency of B vitamins, which are required for homocysteine degradation, leads to atherogenic transformation of the aorta resulting in accumulation of macrophages and lipids, impairment of its biomechanical properties and disorganization of aortic collagen/elastin in the absence of hypercholesterolemia. A combination of B vitamin deficiency and hypercholesterolemia leads to thickening of the aorta, decreased aortic water diffusion, increased LDL-cholesterol and impaired vascular reactivity compared to any single condition. Our findings suggest that deficiency of B vitamins leads to atherogenic transformation of the aorta even in the absence of hypercholesterolemia and aggravates atherosclerosis development in its presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Opriessnig
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Diwoky
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Medical Research, Ultrastructure Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vladimir Bubalo
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus S Brunner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas N Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Oswald
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Groselj-Strele
- Center for Medical Research, Computational Bioanalytics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margret Paar
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Oksana Tehlivets
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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10
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Si-Mohamed SA, Sigovan M, Hsu JC, Tatard-Leitman V, Chalabreysse L, Naha PC, Garrivier T, Dessouky R, Carnaru M, Boussel L, Cormode DP, Douek PC. In Vivo Molecular K-Edge Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque Using Photon-counting CT. Radiology 2021; 300:98-107. [PMID: 33944628 PMCID: PMC8217298 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021203968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Macrophage burden is a major factor in the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, and its evaluation remains challenging with molecular noninvasive imaging approaches. Photon-counting CT (PCCT) with k-edge imaging aims to allow for the specific detection of macrophages using gold nanoparticles. Purpose To perform k-edge imaging in combination with gold nanoparticles to detect and quantify the macrophage burden within the atherosclerotic aortas of rabbits. Materials and Methods Atherosclerotic and control New Zealand white rabbits were imaged before and at several time points up to 2 days after intravenous injection of gold nanoparticles (3.5 mL/kg, 65 mg gold per milliliter). Aortic CT angiography was performed at the end of the follow-up using an intravenous injection of an iodinated contrast material. Gold k-edge and conventional CT images were reconstructed for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the macrophage burden. PCCT imaging results were compared with findings at histologic examination, quantitative histomorphometry, transmission electron microscopy, and quantitative inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Pearson correlations between the macrophage area measured in immunostained sections and the concentration of gold and attenuation measured in the corresponding PCCT sections were calculated. Results Seven rabbits with atherosclerosis and four control rabbits without atherosclerosis were analyzed. In atherosclerotic rabbits, calcifications were observed along the aortic wall before injection. At 2 days after injection of gold nanoparticles, only gold k-edge images allowed for the distinction of plaque enhancement within calcifications and for lumen enhancement during angiography. A good correlation was observed between the gold concentration measured within the wall and the macrophage area in 35 plaques (five per rabbit) (r = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.91; P < .001), which was higher than that observed on conventional CT images (r = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.65; P = .01). Transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry analyses confirmed the gold k-edge imaging findings. Conclusion Photon-counting CT with gold nanoparticles allowed for the noninvasive evaluation of both molecular and anatomic information in vivo in rabbits with atherosclerotic plaques. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Leiner in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim A Si-Mohamed
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Monica Sigovan
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Valérie Tatard-Leitman
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Lara Chalabreysse
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Pratap C Naha
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Thibaut Garrivier
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Riham Dessouky
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Miruna Carnaru
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Loic Boussel
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - David P Cormode
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
| | - Philippe C Douek
- From the University of Lyon, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Jean Monnet University-Saint Etienne, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé Unité mixte de recherche 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France (S.A.S.M., M.S., V.T.L., R.D., L.B., P.C.D.); Departments of Radiology (S.A.S.M., T.G., L.B., P.C.D.) and Pathology (L.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (J.C.H., P.C.N., D.P.C.); Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt (R.D.); and Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (M.C.)
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11
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Willemink MJ, Coolen BF, Dyvorne H, Robson PM, Bander I, Ishino S, Pruzan A, Sridhar A, Zhang B, Balchandani P, Mani V, Strijkers GJ, Nederveen AJ, Leiner T, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM, Calcagno C. Ultra-high resolution, 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the atherosclerotic vessel wall at clinical 7T. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241779. [PMID: 33315867 PMCID: PMC7735577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification and characterization of atherosclerotic plaques with MRI requires high spatial resolution acquisitions with excellent image quality. The intrinsically better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at high-field clinical 7T compared to the widely employed lower field strengths of 1.5 and 3T may yield significant improvements to vascular MRI. However, 7T atherosclerosis imaging also presents specific challenges, related to local transmit coils and B1 field inhomogeneities, which may overshadow these theoretical gains. We present the development and evaluation of 3D, black-blood, ultra-high resolution vascular MRI on clinical high-field 7T in comparison lower-field 3T. These protocols were applied for in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic rabbits, which are often used for development, testing, and validation of translatable cardiovascular MR protocols. Eight atherosclerotic New Zealand White rabbits were imaged on clinical 7T and 3T MRI scanners using 3D, isotropic, high (0.63 mm3) and ultra-high (0.43 mm3) spatial resolution, black-blood MR sequences with extensive spatial coverage. Following imaging, rabbits were sacrificed for validation using fluorescence imaging and histology. Image quality parameters such as SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), as well as morphological and functional plaque measurements (plaque area and permeability) were evaluated at both field strengths. Using the same or comparable imaging parameters, SNR and CNR were in general higher at 7T compared to 3T, with a median (interquartiles) SNR gain of +40.3 (35.3-80.1)%, and a median CNR gain of +68.1 (38.5-95.2)%. Morphological and functional parameters, such as vessel wall area and permeability, were reliably acquired at 7T and correlated significantly with corresponding, widely validated 3T vessel wall MRI measurements. In conclusion, we successfully developed 3D, black-blood, ultra-high spatial resolution vessel wall MRI protocols on a 7T clinical scanner. 7T imaging was in general superior to 3T with respect to image quality, and comparable in terms of plaque area and permeability measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Willemink
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Bram F. Coolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hadrien Dyvorne
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Robson
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ilda Bander
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Seigo Ishino
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alison Pruzan
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Arthi Sridhar
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bei Zhang
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Priti Balchandani
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Xie Z, Shu C, Yang D, Chen H, Chen C, Dai G, Lam KH, Zhang J, Wang X, Sheng Z, Gao D, Liu C, Song L, Gong X. In vivo intravascular photoacoustic imaging at a high speed of 100 frames per second. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6721-6731. [PMID: 33282520 PMCID: PMC7687943 DOI: 10.1364/boe.405792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging technology enables the visualization of pathological characteristics (such as inflammation activities, lipid deposition) of the artery wall. Blood flushing is a necessary step in improving the imaging quality in in vivo IVPA imaging. But the limited imaging speed of the systems stretches their flushing time, which is an important obstacle of their clinical translations. In this paper, we report an improvement in IVPA/IVUS imaging speed to 100 frames per second. The high-speed imaging is demonstrated in rabbit in vivo, visualizing the nanoparticles accumulated on abdominal aorta wall at the wavelength of 1064 nm, in real time display. Blood flushing in vivo improves the IVPA signal-noise-ratio by around 3.5 dB. This study offers a stable, efficient and easy-to-use tool for instantaneous disease visualization and disease diagnosis in research and forwards IVPA/IVUS imaging technology towards clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xie
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Chengyou Shu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Daya Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, National Health Commission, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Hao Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chaobin Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, National Health Commission, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kwok Ho Lam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong
| | - Jinke Zhang
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiatian Wang
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zonghai Sheng
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Duyang Gao
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojing Gong
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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13
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Nidorf SM, Fiolet A, Abela GS. Viewing atherosclerosis through a crystal lens: How the evolving structure of cholesterol crystals in atherosclerotic plaque alters its stability. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:619-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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El-Khatib LA, De Feijter-Rupp H, Janoudi A, Fry L, Kehdi M, Abela GS. Cholesterol induced heart valve inflammation and injury: efficacy of cholesterol lowering treatment. Open Heart 2020; 7:e001274. [PMID: 32747455 PMCID: PMC7402193 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart valves often undergo a degenerative process leading to mechanical dysfunction that requires valve replacement. This process has been compared with atherosclerosis because of shared pathology and risk factors. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of inflammation triggered by cholesterol infiltration and cholesterol crystals formation causing mechanical and biochemical injury in heart valves. METHODS Human and atherosclerotic rabbit heart valves were evaluated. New Zealand White male rabbits were fed an enriched cholesterol diet alone or with simvastatin and ezetimibe simultaneous or after 6 months of initiating cholesterol diet. Inflammation was measured using C-reactive protein (CRP) and RAM 11 of tissue macrophage content. Cholesterol crystal presence and content in valves was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Cholesterol diet alone induced cholesterol infiltration of valves with associated increased inflammation. Tissue cholesterol, CRP levels and RAM 11 were significantly lower in simvastatin and ezetimibe rabbit groups compared with cholesterol diet alone. However, the treatment was effective only when initiated with a cholesterol diet but not after lipid infiltration in valves. Aortic valve cholesterol content was significantly greater than all other cardiac valves. Extensive amounts of cholesterol crystals were noted in rabbit valves on cholesterol diet and in diseased human valves. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of valve infiltration with cholesterol and reduced inflammation by simvastatin and ezetimibe was effective only when given during the initiation of high cholesterol diet but was not effective when given following infiltration of cholesterol into the valve matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather De Feijter-Rupp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Abed Janoudi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Levi Fry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Kehdi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - George S Abela
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Chowdhury MM, Singh K, Albaghdadi MS, Khraishah H, Mauskapf A, Kessinger CW, Osborn EA, Kellnberger S, Piao Z, Lino Cardenas CL, Grau MS, Jaff MR, Rosenfield K, Libby P, Edelman ER, Lindsay ME, Tearney GJ, Jaffer FA. Paclitaxel Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty Suppresses Progression and Inflammation of Experimental Atherosclerosis in Rabbits. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:685-695. [PMID: 32760856 PMCID: PMC7393431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel drug-coated balloons (DCBs) reduce restenosis, but their overall safety has recently raised concerns. This study hypothesized that DCBs could lessen inflammation and reduce plaque progression. Using 25 rabbits with cholesterol feeding- and balloon injury-induced lesions, DCB-percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), plain PTA, or sham-PTA (balloon insertion without inflation) was investigated using serial intravascular near-infrared fluorescence-optical coherence tomography and serial intravascular ultrasound. In these experiments, DCB-PTA reduced inflammation and plaque burden in nonobstructive lesions compared with PTA or sham-PTA. These findings indicated the potential for DCBs to serve safely as regional anti-atherosclerosis therapy.
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Key Words
- 2D, 2-dimensional
- CSA, cross-sectional area
- DCB, drug-coated balloon
- EEM, external elastic membrane
- IVUS, intravascular ultrasound
- NIRF, near-infrared fluorescence
- OCT, optical coherence tomography
- PAD, peripheral arterial disease
- PAV, percent atheroma volume
- PB, plaque burden
- PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
- PTX, paclitaxel
- TAV, total atheroma volume
- atherosclerosis
- drug-coated balloon
- imaging
- inflammation
- peripheral arterial disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mazen S. Albaghdadi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haitham Khraishah
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam Mauskapf
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chase W. Kessinger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric A. Osborn
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan Kellnberger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhonglie Piao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian L. Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madeleine S. Grau
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R. Jaff
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth Rosenfield
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark E. Lindsay
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Farouc A. Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Expression of ectopic trypsin in atherosclerotic plaques and the effects of aprotinin on plaque stability. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 690:108460. [PMID: 32603715 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous research revealed that trypsin is abundantly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and its distribution overlaps with that of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This study was performed to explore the possible roles of trypsin in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four rabbits were randomly assigned to a normal (control) group, an atherosclerosis (experimental) group and a trypsin inhibitor (aprotinin) group. In the 13th feeding week, the aprotinin group was treated with 5 mg/kg/day aprotinin via ear vein for 4 weeks. At the end of the 16th week, coronary arterial and aortic expression of trypsin, proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), activated MMP-9, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Aprotinin decreased trypsin expression and activation in plaques, blocked PAR-2 and MMP-9 activation, and decreased cytokine expression; it also increased fibrous cap thickness, decreased the intima-media thickness and intimal/medial ratio, thus significantly ameliorating plaque vulnerability. Upregulated trypsin, MMP-9 and PAR-2 were also found in coronary intimal atherosclerotic plaques of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. CONCLUSIONS Ectopic trypsin was significantly upregulated in atherosclerotic plaques, which increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels by activating PAR-2 and promoted plaque instability by activating proMMP-9, thereby promoting atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability. In addition, the high trypsin expression in human coronary intimal atherosclerotic plaques suggests that targeting trypsin may be a new strategy for acute coronary syndrome prevention.
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17
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Kadoglou NPE, Stasinopoulou M, Giannakopoulos T, Papapetrou A, Dimitriou C, Travlou A, Merkouri E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Liapis CD. Carotid Stent Restenosis and Thrombosis in Rabbits: The Effect of Antiplatelet Agents. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25:570-577. [PMID: 32515207 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420931624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was the comparative assessment of ticagrelor and clopidogrel effects on carotid post-balloon injury (PBI) and on post carotid artery stenting (CAS) rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and in-stent thrombosis in atherosclerotic rabbits. METHODS Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits on high-fat diet were randomized into 4 groups: A1: PBI and clopidogrel (30 mg/kg/d), A2: PBI and ticagrelor (21 mg/kg twice daily), B1: PBI, CAS, and clopidogrel (30 mg/kg/d), B2: PBI, CAS, and ticagrelor (21 mg/kg twice daily). All rabbits received orally aspirin (10 mg/kg/d) and interventions were performed in their right carotid arteries (RCAs). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and carotid angiography were performed at end point, while platelet aggregation and lipid profile were measured. After euthanasia both carotids were obtained for histological examination. RESULTS In B1 group, 3 rabbits presented thrombotic total occlusion of the stents, while none such episode was observed in B2 group. The neointimal areas in RCAs, calculated by OCT, did not differ between A1 and A2 groups, and between B1 and B2 groups (P > .05). From the histological findings, the intima/(media + intima) percentage (%) in RCAs of balloon-injured rabbits did not present any difference between groups (P = .812). Similarly, the immunohistochemically determined accumulation of endothelial cells and macrophages on vascular walls was equivalent between groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION Following carotid balloon injury and stenting, clopidogrel and ticagrelor did not show any differential effects on the extent of neointimal formation and ISR in atherosclerotic rabbits receiving aspirin. Three thrombotic stent occlusions were noted in the clopidogrel treatment group, but this finding was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, BOTNAR Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Stasinopoulou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Giannakopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Papapetrou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Dimitriou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Travlou
- Department of Hematology, 117030National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Efrosyni Merkouri
- Department of Hematology, 117030National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos D Liapis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
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18
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Koca RB, Güven O, Çelik MS, Fıratlı E. Wetting properties of blood lipid fractions on different titanium surfaces. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:16. [PMID: 32399791 PMCID: PMC7218032 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood is the first tissue contacting the implant surface and starting the biological interactions to enhance osseointegration and stimulate bone formation with the progenitor cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The coagulation cascade initiates the first step of osseointegration between implant and neighboring tissues. The wound healing may be inadequate unless the blood wets the implant surface properly. Wettability is one of the most important features of the implant surface while lipid level constitutes a milestone that may change the energy of blood, which determines its distribution on implant material. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid component of blood as cholesterol and its treatment on their wetting behavior of titanium surfaces. Methods Five surface groups were formed including grade 4 titanium-machined, grade 4 titanium-SLA, grade 4 titanium-SLActive, Roxolid-SLA, and Roxolid-SLActive. In healthy, hyperlipidemic, and treatment situations, blood was taken from eight rabbits and dropped to the disc surfaces. Contact angles were measured between the blood samples and disc surfaces. Results A significant difference was found between both machined and SLActive surfaces, SLA and SLActive surfaces in the hyperlipidemic period, and only Roxolid-SLA and SLActive surfaces during the treatment period. When evaluated according to time, only grade 4-machined and Grade 4-SLA surfaces showed a significant difference. Conclusions Our findings indicated that each period has its own characteristics and showed the importance of cholesterol in blood structure on applicability of implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revan Birke Koca
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kyrenia, 99320, Kyrenia, Cyprus.
| | - Onur Güven
- Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sabri Çelik
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, Faculty of Mines, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Harran University Rectorate, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Erhan Fıratlı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
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19
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Plasma Metabolic Signature of Atherosclerosis Progression and Colchicine Treatment in Rabbits. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7072. [PMID: 32341369 PMCID: PMC7184732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Balloon catheter endothelial denudation in New Zealand white rabbits fed high cholesterol diet is a validated atherosclerosis model. Well-characterized in terms of atherosclerosis induction and progression, the metabolic changes associated with the atherosclerosis progression remain indeterminate. Non-targeted metabolomics permits to develop such elucidation and allows to evaluate the metabolic consequences of colchicine treatment, an anti-inflammatory drug that could revert these changes. 16 rabbits underwent 18 weeks of atherosclerosis induction by diet and aortic denudation. Thereafter animals were randomly assigned to colchicine treatment or placebo for 18 weeks while on diet. Plasma samples were obtained before randomization and at 36 weeks. Multiplatform (GC/MS, CE/MS, RP-HPLC/MS) metabolomics was applied. Plasma fingerprints were pre-processed, and the resulting matrixes analyzed to unveil differentially expressed features. Different chemical annotation strategies were accomplished for those significant features. We found metabolites associated with either atherosclerosis progression, or colchicine treatment, or both. Atherosclerosis was profoundly associated with an increase in circulating bile acids. Most of the changes associated with sterol metabolism could not be reverted by colchicine treatment. However, the variations in lysine, tryptophan and cysteine metabolism among others, have shown new potential mechanisms of action of the drug, also related to atherosclerosis progression, but not previously described.
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20
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Qiao R, Huang X, Qin Y, Li Y, Davis TP, Hagemeyer CE, Gao M. Recent advances in molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques and thrombosis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8040-8064. [PMID: 32239038 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction and stroke are still one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, the development of new diagnostic tools for the early detection of plaque instability and thrombosis is urgently needed. Advanced molecular imaging probes based on functional nanomaterials in combination with cutting edge imaging techniques are now paving the way for novel and unique approaches to monitor the inflammatory progress in atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the development of various molecular probes for the diagnosis of plaques and thrombosis in atherosclerosis, along with perspectives of their diagnostic applications in cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, we summarize the biological targets that can be used for atherosclerosis and thrombosis imaging. Then we describe the emerging molecular imaging techniques based on the utilization of engineered nanoprobes together with their challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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21
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Effects of Colchicine on Atherosclerotic Plaque Stabilization: a Multimodality Imaging Study in an Animal Model. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:150-160. [PMID: 32140929 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colchicine demonstrated clinical benefits in the treatment of stable coronary artery disease. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of colchicine on atherosclerotic plaque stabilization. Atherosclerosis was induced in the abdominal aorta of 20 rabbits with high-cholesterol diet and balloon endothelial denudation. Rabbits were randomized to receive either colchicine or placebo. All animals underwent MRI, 18F-FDG PET/CT, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and histology. Similar progression of atherosclerotic burden was observed in the two groups as relative increase of normalized wall index (NWI). Maximum 18F-FDG standardized uptake value (meanSUVmax) decreased after colchicine treatment, while it increased in the placebo group with a trend toward significance. Animals with higher levels of cholesterol showed significant differences in favor to colchicine group, both as NWI at the end of the protocol and as relative increase in meanSUVmax. Colchicine may stabilize atherosclerotic plaque by reducing inflammatory activity and plaque burden, without altering macrophage infiltration or plaque typology.
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22
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Bornachea O, Benitez-Amaro A, Vea A, Nasarre L, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Escola-Gil JC, Cedo L, Iborra A, Martínez-Martínez L, Juarez C, Camara JA, Espinet C, Borrell-Pages M, Badimon L, Castell J, Llorente-Cortés V. Immunization with the Gly 1127-Cys 1140 amino acid sequence of the LRP1 receptor reduces atherosclerosis in rabbits. Molecular, immunohistochemical and nuclear imaging studies. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3263-3280. [PMID: 32194867 PMCID: PMC7053206 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The LRP1 (CR9) domain and, in particular, the sequence Gly1127-Cys1140 (P3) plays a critical role in the binding and internalization of aggregated LDL (agLDL). We aimed to evaluate whether immunization with P3 reduces high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis. Methods: Female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were immunized with a primary injection and four reminder doses (R1-R4) of IrP (irrelevant peptide) or P3 conjugated to the carrier. IrP and P3-immunized rabbits were randomly divided into a normal diet group and a HFD-fed group. Anti-P3 antibody levels were determined by ELISA. Lipoprotein profile, circulating and tissue lipids, and vascular pro-inflammatory mediators were determined using standardized methods while atherosclerosis was determined by confocal microscopy studies and non-invasive imaging (PET/CT and Doppler ultrasonography). Studies treating human macrophages (hMΦ) and coronary vascular smooth muscle cells (hcVSMC) with rabbit serums were performed to ascertain the potential impact of anti-P3 Abs on the functionality of these crucial cells. Results: P3 immunization specifically induced the production of anti-P3 antibodies (Abs) and did not alter the lipoprotein profile. HFD strongly induced cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in the aorta of both the control and IrP groups, and their serum dose-dependently raised the intracellular CE of hMΦ and hcVSMC, promoting TNFR1 and phospho-NF-kB (p65) overexpression. These HFD pro-inflammatory effects were dramatically decreased in the aorta of P3-immunized rabbits and in hMΦ and hcVSMC exposed to the P3 rabbit serums. Microscopy studies revealed that P3 immunization reduced the percentage of lipids, macrophages, and SMCs in the arterial intima, as well as the atherosclerotic extent and lesion area in the aorta. PET/CT and Doppler ultrasonography studies showed that the average standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of the aorta and the arterial resistance index (ARI) of the carotids were more upregulated by HFD in the control and IrP groups than the P3 group. Conclusions: P3 immunization counteracts HFD-induced fatty streak formation in rabbits. The specific blockade of the LRP1 (CR9) domain with Anti-P3 Abs dramatically reduces HFD-induced intracellular CE loading and harmful coupling to pro-inflammatory signaling in the vasculature.
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23
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Nam K, Liu JB, Eisenbrey JR, Stanczak M, Machado P, Li J, Li Z, Wei Y, Forsberg F. Three-Dimensional Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation for Assessing Arterial Plaques in a Rabbit Model. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:1865-1873. [PMID: 30560581 PMCID: PMC7081075 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate 3-dimensional subharmonic aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) for measuring intraplaque pressure and the pressure gradient across the plaque cap as novel biomarkers for potentially predicting plaque vulnerability. METHODS Twenty-seven rabbits received a high-cholesterol diet for 2 weeks before a balloon catheter injury to denude the endothelium of the aorta, followed by 8 to 10 weeks of the high-cholesterol diet to create arteriosclerotic plaques. SHAPE imagings of the resulting plaques were performed 12, 16, and 20 weeks after injury using a LOGIQ 9 scanner with a 4D10L probe (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) before and during an infusion of Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA) and Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway). The ratios of the maximum subharmonic magnitudes at baseline and during the infusion were correlated with the intraplaque pressure and pressure gradient across the plaque cap obtained from direct measurements. RESULTS Ten rabbits died prematurely after the balloon injury procedure or due to toxicity from the high-cholesterol diet, whereas 2 rabbits were excluded for other conditions. Five rabbits were scanned in the 12-, 16-, and 20-week groups, respectively. Even after 20 weeks, the plaques that developed were very small (mean ± SD, 0.9 ± 0.4 × 0.14 ± 0.05 cm). Definity performed better than Sonazoid in this application but still only achieved a moderate correlation with pressure across the plaque cap (Definity, r = -0.40; Sonazoid, r = 0.22) and intraplaque pressure (Definity, r = -0.19; Sonazoid, r = -0.11). CONCLUSIONS Initial findings from plaque pressure estimation using 3-dimensional SHAPE technique showed only moderate correlations with reference standards, but that may be have been due to weaknesses in the animal model studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibo Nam
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John R Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Stanczak
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Priscilla Machado
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jingzhi Li
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Department of Vascular Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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24
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Shafiq N, Arora A, Bhandari R, Pandey A, Gani Rather I, Malhotra S, Bhatia A. Effect of atorvastatin nanoparticles compared to free atrovastatin on plaque properties in rabbit model of atherosclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_27_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Comprehensive intravascular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque in vivo using optical coherence tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14561. [PMID: 30267024 PMCID: PMC6162321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive imaging of both the structural and biochemical characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque is essential for the diagnosis and study of coronary artery disease because both a plaque's morphology and its biochemical composition affect the level of risk it poses. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) are promising optical imaging methods for characterizing coronary artery plaques morphologically and biochemically, respectively. In this study, we present a hybrid intravascular imaging device, including a custom-built OCT/FLIm system, a hybrid optical rotary joint, and an imaging catheter, to visualize the structure and biochemical composition of the plaque in an atherosclerotic rabbit artery in vivo. Especially, the autofluorescence lifetime of the endogenous tissue molecules can be used to characterize the biochemical composition; thus no exogenous contrast agent is required. Also, the physical properties of the imaging catheter and the imaging procedures are similar to those already used clinically, facilitating rapid translation into clinical use. This new intravascular imaging catheter can open up new opportunities for clinicians and researchers to investigate and diagnose coronary artery disease by simultaneously providing tissue microstructure and biochemical composition data in vivo without the use of exogenous contrast agent.
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26
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Phinikaridou A, Lacerda S, Lavin B, Andia ME, Smith A, Saha P, Botnar RM. Tropoelastin: A novel marker for plaque progression and instability. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11. [PMID: 30214669 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.007303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Elastolysis and ineffective elastogenesis favor the accumulation of tropoelastin, rather than cross-linked elastin, in atherosclerotic plaques. We developed gadolinium-labeled tropoelastin-specific magnetic resonance contrast agents (Gd-TESMAs) for tropoelastin imaging in animal models. Methods and Results Two peptides, VVGSPSAQDEASPLS and YPDHVQYTHY were selected to target tropoelastin. In vitro binding, relaxivity, and biodistribution experiments enabled characterization of the probes and selecting the best candidate for in vivo MRI. MRI was performed in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and New Zealand white rabbits with stable and rupture-prone plaques using Gd-TESMA. Additionally, human carotid endarterectomy specimens were imaged ex vivo. The VVGSPSAQDEASPLS-based probe discriminated between tropoelastin and cross-linked elastin (64±7% vs 1±2%, P=0.001), had high in vitro relaxivity in solution (r1-free=11.7±0.6mM-1s-1, r1-bound to tropoelastin = 44±1mM-1s-1) and favorable pharmacokinetics. In vivo mice vascular enhancement (4wks=0.13±0.007mm2, 8wks=0.22±0.01mm2, 12wks=0.33±0.01mm2, P<0.001) and R1 relaxation rate (4wks=0.90±0.01 s-1, 8wks=1.40±0.03 s-1, 12wks=1.87±0.04s-1, P<0.001) increased with atherosclerosis progression after Gd-TESMA injection. Conversely, statin-treated (0.13±0.01mm2, R1 =1.37±0.03s-1) and control (0.10±0.005mm2, R1 =0.87±0.05s-1) mice showed less enhancement. Rupture-prone rabbit plaques had higher R1 relaxation rate compared with stale plaques (R1=2.26±0.1s-1vs R1=1.43±0.02s-1, P=0.001), after administration of Gd-TESMA that allowed detection of rupture-prone plaques with high sensitivity (84.4%) and specificity (92.3%). Increased vascular R1 relaxation rate was observed in carotid endarterectomy plaques after soaking (R1pre= 1.1±0.26 s-1 vs R1post= 3.0±0.1s-1, P=0.01). Ex vivo analyses confirmed the MRI findings and showed uptake of the contrast agent to be specific for tropoelastin. Conclusions MRI of tropoelastin provides a novel biomarker for atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Lacerda
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marcelo E Andia
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Smith
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Prakash Saha
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK.,Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center, King's College London, UK.,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
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Taylor E, Huang N, Bodde J, Ellison A, Killiany R, Bachschmid MM, Hamilton J. MRI of atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease in cholesterol fed rabbits. J Transl Med 2018; 16:215. [PMID: 30068362 PMCID: PMC6071403 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The globally rising obesity epidemic is associated with a broad spectrum of diseases including atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) disease. In the past, research focused on the vasculature or liver, but chronic systemic effects and inter-organ communication may promote the development of NAFL. Here, we investigated the impact of confined vascular endothelial injury, which produces highly inflamed aortic plaques that are susceptible to rupture, on the progression of NAFL in cholesterol fed rabbits. Methods Aortic atherosclerotic inflammation (plaque Gd-enhancement), plaque size (vessel wall area), and composition, were measured with in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rabbits fed normal chow or a 1% cholesterol-enriched atherogenic diet. Liver fat was quantified with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) over 3 months. Blood biomarkers were monitored in the animals, with follow-up by histology. Results Cholesterol-fed rabbits with and without injury developed hypercholesterolemia, NAFL, and atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta. Compared with rabbits fed cholesterol diet alone, rabbits with injury and cholesterol diets exhibited larger, and more highly inflamed plaques by MRI (P < 0.05) and aggravated liver steatosis by MRS (P < 0.05). Moreover, after sacrifice, damaged (ballooning) hepatocytes and extensive liver fibrosis were observed by histology. Elevated plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT; P = 0.014) and the ratio of liver enzymes aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST/ALT; P = 0.033) indicated the progression of steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Conclusions Localized regions of highly inflamed aortic atherosclerotic plaques in cholesterol-fed rabbits may contribute to progression of fatty liver disease to NASH with fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1587-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W302, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA
| | - Nasi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W302, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA
| | - Jacob Bodde
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W302, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA
| | - Andrew Ellison
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Killiany
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Michael Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, and Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W302, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA.
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Progression of calcific aortic valve sclerosis in WHHLMI rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2018; 273:8-14. [PMID: 29654986 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease and can be life-threatening. The pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification remains largely unknown, primarily due to the lack of an adequate animal model. The high-cholesterol diet-induced AS model in rabbits is one of the established models, but it has the significant limitation of liver dysfunction leading to low survival rates. We hypothesized that a myocardial infarction-prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHLMI) rabbit, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, is a useful animal model of AS. METHODS WHHLMI rabbits, aged 20 months and 30 months (n = 19), and control Japanese White rabbits (n = 4), aged 30 months, were used and evaluated by echocardiography under anesthesia. Pathological evaluation and quantitative analyses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were also performed. RESULTS The lipid profile was similar between 20 months and 30 months. Two rabbits died due to spontaneous myocardial infarction during the study. Thirty-month-old WHHLMI rabbits exhibited significantly smaller aortic valve area (0.22 ± 0.006 cm2vs. 0.12 ± 0.01 cm2, p < 0.05) and higher maximal transvalvular pressure gradient (7.0 ± 0.32 vs. 9.9 ± 0.95 mmHg, p < 0.05) than 20 month-old rabbits. Macroscopic examination of excised aortic valves demonstrated thickened and degenerated valve leaflets at 30 months. Histological evaluation confirmed thickened leaflets with calcified nodules at 30 months. Real-time PCR of resected aortic valve also showed increased expression level of calcification-related molecules including osteopontin, Sox9, Bmp2, RANKL, osteoprotegerin, and Runx2 (p < 0.05 each) in 30-month-old rabbits. CONCLUSIONS WHHLMI rabbits may be useful models of early-stage AS in vivo.
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Lee SG, Oh J, Bong SK, Kim JS, Park S, Kim S, Park S, Lee SH, Jang Y. Macrophage polarization and acceleration of atherosclerotic plaques in a swine model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193005. [PMID: 29561847 PMCID: PMC5862407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Atherosclerosis is a well-known cause of cardiovascular disease and is associated with a variety of inflammatory reactions. However, an adequate large-animal model of advanced plaques to investigate the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is lacking. Therefore, we developed and assessed a swine model of advanced atherosclerotic plaques with macrophage polarization. Methods Mini-pigs were fed a 2% high-cholesterol diet for 7 weeks followed by withdrawal periods of 4 weeks. Endothelial denudation was performed using a balloon catheter on 32 coronary and femoral arteries of 8 mini-pigs. Inflammatory proteins (high-mobility group box 1 [HMGB1] or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were injected via a micro-infusion catheter into the vessel wall. All lesions were assessed with angiography and optical coherence tomography and all tissues were harvested for histological evaluation. Results Intima/plaque area was significantly higher in the HMGB1- and TNF-α-injected groups compared to the saline-injected group (p = 0.002). CD68 antibody detection and polarization of M1 macrophages significantly increased in the inflammatory protein-injected groups (p<0.001). In addition, advanced atherosclerotic plaques were observed more in the inflammatory protein-injected groups compared with the control upon histologic evaluation. Conclusion Direct injection of inflammatory proteins was associated with acceleration of atherosclerotic plaque formation with M1 macrophage polarization. Therefore, direct delivery of inflammatory proteins may induce a pro-inflammatory response, providing a possible strategy for development of an advanced atherosclerotic large-animal model in a relatively short time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Gee Lee
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyung Bong
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Seil Park
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Watase H, Sun J, Hippe DS, Balu N, Li F, Zhao X, Mani V, Fayad ZA, Fuster V, Hatsukami TS, Yuan C. Carotid Artery Remodeling Is Segment Specific: An In Vivo Study by Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:927-934. [PMID: 29472231 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early atherosclerosis is often undetected due in part to compensatory enlargement of the outer wall, termed positive remodeling. Variations in hemodynamic conditions and clinical factors influence the patterns of remodeling. The carotid artery provides an opportunity to examine these variations because of the unique geometry of the carotid bulb. This study aimed to determine differences in remodeling of the common, internal, and bifurcation segments of the carotid using magnetic resonance imaging. APPROACH AND RESULTS Carotid arteries of 525 subjects without history of cardiovascular disease were imaged by magnetic resonance imaging. The carotid artery was divided into 3 segments: common carotid artery; bifurcation; and internal carotid artery. Remodeling patterns were characterized using linear regression analysis of lumen and total vessel areas (dependent variables) compared with maximum wall thickness (independent variable) for each segment, adjusted for age, sex, and height. The common carotid artery demonstrated a pattern consistent with positive remodeling, whereas the bifurcation demonstrated negative remodeling. The internal carotid artery demonstrated a mixed pattern of outer wall expansion and lumen constriction. Females and subjects with diabetes mellitus showed more positive remodeling, hypertension was associated with attenuated positive remodeling, and those with hypercholesterolemia showed more negative remodeling. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of 55- to 80-year-old individuals without history of cardiovascular disease, the pattern of early carotid artery remodeling was segment specific and appeared to be associated with sex and clinical characteristics. These findings provide the groundwork for longitudinal studies to define local and systemic factors such as hemodynamic and clinical conditions on carotid artery remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Watase
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Jie Sun
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Daniel S Hippe
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Niranjan Balu
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Feiyu Li
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Xihai Zhao
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Valentin Fuster
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Thomas S Hatsukami
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
| | - Chun Yuan
- From the Department of Surgery (H.W., T.S.H.) and Department of Radiology (J.S., D.S.H., N.B., C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (F.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (V.M., Z.A.F.) and Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.).
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Progression and Characterization of the Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Iliac Artery of New Zealand White Rabbits: Effect of Simvastatin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 69:314-325. [PMID: 28207427 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although atherosclerosis is described in New Zealand White rabbit's iliac artery, yet details of time-dependent atherosclerosis progression are not well known. Further, a well characterized accelerated model of atherosclerosis is also required for the screening of candidate drugs to target specific steps of atherosclerosis development. The present study extensively characterizes the time-dependent plaque composition and functional responses of the atherosclerosis in rabbit iliac artery and its modification by simvastatin. METHODS Atherosclerosis was induced with a combination of balloon injury and atherogenic diet (AD) (1% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil) in rabbit's iliac artery. Atherosclerosis progression was evaluated on days 8, 10, 15, 21, 35, and 56 after AD feeding. The plaque characterization was done using histology, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and vasoreactivity experiments. The standard anti-hyperlipidemic drug, simvastatin (5 mg·kg·d), was used to investigate its effect on atherosclerotic changes. RESULTS Plasma lipids were elevated in a progressive manner after AD feeding from days 8 to 56. Similarly, arterial lipids, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) level along with infiltration of macrophages in the lesion area were also increased from day 15 onward. This resulted in a significant increase in the plaque area and intimal-medial thickness ratio in contrast to normal animals. Inflammatory milieu was observed with a significant increase in expression of pro-inflammatory regulators like MCP-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), whereas anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 decreased as disease progressed. Endothelial dysfunction was also observed, specifically Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation was reduced from day 8 onward, whereas the phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction response was progressively reduced from day 15 in the iliac artery. Ground substances including proteoglycans, α-actin, and collagen content along with metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) inhibitors were significantly augmented at later time points, day 21 onward. Simvastatin treatment for 35 days, at a dose having no significant effect on plasma lipid levels, significantly reduced atherosclerotic progression as evident by reduced macrophage content, inflammatory burden, and extracellular matrix component like proteoglycans and metalloproteinase-9. CONCLUSIONS The authors observed that AD feeding with balloon injury in the rabbit iliac artery accelerated the progression of atherosclerosis and exhibited predominant features of type III human lesion within 8 weeks (56 days). Simvastatin treatment for 35 days exhibited anti-atherosclerotic efficacy without significantly lowering the circulating lipids. The current study thus provides an insight into the time-dependent atherosclerotic progression in rabbit iliac artery and highlights its utility for anti-atherosclerotic evaluation of the candidate drugs.
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Matthäus C, Dochow S, Egodage KD, Romeike BF, Brehm BR, Popp J. Detection and characterization of early plaque formations by Raman probe spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography: an in vivo study on a rabbit model. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-6. [PMID: 29318812 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.1.015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular imaging techniques provide detailed specification about plaque appearance and morphology, but cannot deliver information about the biochemical composition of atherosclerotic plaques. As the biochemical composition is related to the plaque type, important aspects such as the risk of a plaque rupture and treatment are still difficult to assess. Currently, various spectroscopic techniques are tested for potential applications for the chemical analysis of plaque depositions. Here, we employ Raman spectroscopy in combination with optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the characterization of plaques on rabbits in vivo. Experiments were carried out on New Zealand white rabbits treated with a fat- and cholesterol-enriched diet, using a Raman probe setup with a 785-nm multimode laser as an excitation source. Subsequently, OCT images were acquired with a swept source at 1305±55 nm at 22.6 mW. Raman spectra were recorded from normal regions and regions with early plaque formations. The probe positioning was monitored by x-ray angiography. The spectral information identified plaque depositions consisting of lipids, with triglycerides as the major component. Afterward, OCT images of the spectroscopically investigated areas were obtained. The spectral information correlates well with the observed intravascular morphology and is in good agreement with histology. Raman spectroscopy can provide detailed biochemical specification of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Matthäus
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dochow
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Jena, Germany
| | - Kokila D Egodage
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd F Romeike
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology Section, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard R Brehm
- Herz-Neuro-Center Bodensee, Cardiology, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Jena, Germany
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Hamilton JA, Hasturk H, Kantarci A, Serhan CN, Van Dyke T. Atherosclerosis, Periodontal Disease, and Treatment with Resolvins. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 19:57. [PMID: 29110146 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-017-0696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to discuss the existing evidence on the link between atherosclerosis and periodontitis by particularly presenting new findings that link the pathology and therapy of these diseases. Acute vascular ischemic events that can lead to stroke or myocardial infarction are initiated by inflammatory processes leading to rupture or erosion of plaques susceptible to thrombosis ("high risk" or "vulnerable"). These are highly inflamed plaques residing in the media and adventitia that may not be detected by angiography measurments of luminal narrowing. Statistically significant excess risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been reported in persons with periodontitis independent of established risk factors. We hypothesized that the systemic pathologic links also represent potential therapeutic links. RECENT FINDINGS We recently demonstrated that periodontal inflammation promotes atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and destabilization. As discrete pathological regions, these plaques with a high susceptibility to rupture can be imaged and differentiated from lower risk plaques. In cholesterol-fed rabbits with periodontal disease, circulating inflammatory mediators were also significantly elevated thereby contributing to "vulnerable blood," a systemic characteristic of high risk for cardiovascular events. New studies show that certain lipid mediators, including lipoxins and resolvins, are potent in preventing and possibly treating a number of inflammation-associated diseases, including periodontitis and vascular inflammation. The concept of the vulnerable patient and the pro-resolving approach open new terrain for discovery of paradigm-changing therapies for the prevention and treatment of two of the most common diseases of man. Importantly, lipoxins and resolvins are natural receptor agonists that do not exhibit the same pro-atherogenic side effects attributed to anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., NSAIDs) but rather coordinate resolution of inflammation and a return to homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W302, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA.
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Sanda GE, Belur AD, Teague HL, Mehta NN. Emerging Associations Between Neutrophils, Atherosclerosis, and Psoriasis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 19:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-017-0692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Jain M, Frobert A, Valentin J, Cook S, Giraud MN. The Rabbit Model of Accelerated Atherosclerosis: A Methodological Perspective of the Iliac Artery Balloon Injury. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28994792 DOI: 10.3791/55295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome resulting from coronary occlusion following atherosclerotic plaque development and rupture is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits are widely used as an animal model for the study of atherosclerosis. They develop spontaneous lesions when fed with atherogenic diet; however, this requires long time of 4 - 8 months. To further enhance and accelerate atherogenesis, a combination of atherogenic diet and mechanical endothelial injury is often employed. The presented procedure for inducing atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits uses a balloon catheter to disrupt the endothelium in the left iliac artery of NZW rabbits fed with atherogenic diet. Such mechanical damage caused by the balloon catheter induces a chain of inflammatory reactions initiating neointimal lipid accumulation in a time dependent fashion. Atherosclerotic plaque following balloon injury show neointimal thickening with extensive lipid infiltration, high smooth muscle cell content and presence of macrophage derived foam cells. This technique is simple, reproducible and produces plaque of controlled length within the iliac artery. The whole procedure is completed within 20 - 30 min. The procedure is safe with low mortality and also offers high success in obtaining substantial intimal lesions. The procedure of balloon catheter induced arterial injury results in atherosclerosis within two weeks. This model can be used for investigating the disease pathology, diagnostic imaging and to evaluate new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Jain
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg
| | | | | | - Stéphane Cook
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg
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Stein-Merlob AF, Hara T, McCarthy JR, Mauskapf A, Hamilton JA, Ntziachristos V, Libby P, Jaffer FA. Atheroma Susceptible to Thrombosis Exhibit Impaired Endothelial Permeability In Vivo as Assessed by Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescence Molecular Imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:CIRCIMAGING.116.005813. [PMID: 28487316 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.005813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of local alterations in endothelial functional integrity in atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood. This study used nanoparticle-enhanced optical molecular imaging to probe in vivo mechanisms involving impaired endothelial barrier function in experimental atherothrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Atherosclerosis was induced in rabbits (n=31) using aortic balloon injury and high-cholesterol diet. Rabbits received ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CLIO) derivatized with a near-infrared fluorophore (CyAm7) 24 hours before near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Rabbits were then either euthanized (n=9) or underwent a pharmacological triggering protocol to induce thrombosis (n=22). CLIO-CyAm7 nanoparticles accumulated in areas of atheroma (P<0.05 versus reference areas). On near-infrared fluorescence microscopy, CLIO-CyAm7 primarily deposited in the superficial intima within plaque macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Nanoparticle-positive areas further exhibited impaired endothelial barrier function as illuminated by Evans blue leakage. Deeper nanoparticle deposition occurred in areas of plaque neovascularization. In rabbits subject to pharmacological triggering, plaques that thrombosed exhibited significantly higher CLIO-CyAm7 accumulation compared with nonthrombosed plaques (P<0.05). In thrombosed plaques, nanoparticles accumulated preferentially at the plaque-thrombus interface. Intravascular 2-dimensional near-infrared fluorescence imaging detected nanoparticles in human coronary artery-sized atheroma in vivo (P<0.05 versus reference segments). CONCLUSIONS Plaques that exhibit impaired in vivo endothelial permeability in cell-rich areas are susceptible to subsequent thrombosis. Molecular imaging of nanoparticle deposition may help to identify biologically high-risk atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F Stein-Merlob
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Tetsuya Hara
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Adam Mauskapf
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - James A Hamilton
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division (A.F.S., T.H., A.M., F.A.J.) and Center for Systems Biology (J.R.M.), Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.H.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (J.A.H.); Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University of Munich, Germany (V.N.); and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.).
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Yang S, Zhang G, Liu W, Wang Z, Zhang J, Yang D, Chen YE, Sun H, Li Y. SysFinder: A customized platform for search, comparison and assisted design of appropriate animal models based on systematic similarity. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:251-258. [PMID: 28529081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are increasingly gaining values by cross-comparisons of response or resistance to clinical agents used for patients. However, many disease mechanisms and drug effects generated from animal models are not transferable to human. To address these issues, we developed SysFinder (http://lifecenter.sgst.cn/SysFinder), a platform for scientists to find appropriate animal models for translational research. SysFinder offers a "topic-centered" approach for systematic comparisons of human genes, whose functions are involved in a specific scientific topic, to the corresponding homologous genes of animal models. Scientific topic can be a certain disease, drug, gene function or biological pathway. SysFinder calculates multi-level similarity indexes to evaluate the similarities between human and animal models in specified scientific topics. Meanwhile, SysFinder offers species-specific information to investigate the differences in molecular mechanisms between humans and animal models. Furthermore, SysFinder provides a user-friendly platform for determination of short guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and homology arms to design a new animal model. Case studies illustrate the ability of SysFinder in helping experimental scientists. SysFinder is a useful platform for experimental scientists to carry out their research in the human molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Wan Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Hong Sun
- Biomedical Information Research Center, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yixue Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China; Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Ghanem F, Vodnala D, K Kalavakunta J, Durga S, Thormeier N, Subramaniyam P, Abela S, S Abela G. Cholesterol crystal embolization following plaque rupture: a systemic disease with unusual features. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:82-94. [PMID: 28808190 PMCID: PMC5445211 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol crystal embolic (CCE) syndrome is often a clinically challenging condition that has a poor prognostic implication. It is a result of plaque rupture with release of cholesterol crystals into the circulation that embolize into various tissue organs. Plaque rupture seems to be triggered by an expanding necrotic core during cholesterol crystallization forming sharp tipped crystals that perforate and tear the fibrous cap. Embolizing cholesterol crystals then initiate both local and systemic inflammation that eventually lead to vascular fibrosis and obstruction causing symptoms that can mimic other vasculitic conditions. In fact, animal studies have demonstrated that cholesterol crystals can trigger an inflammatory response via NLRP3 inflammasome similar to that seen with gout. The diagnosis of CCE syndrome often requires a high suspicion of the condition. Serum inflammation biomarkers including elevated sedimentation rate, abnormal renal function tests and eosinophilia are useful but non-specific. Common target organ involvement includes the skin, kidney, and brain. Various testing including fundoscopic eye examination and other non-invasive procedures such as trans-esophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful in identifying the embolic source. Treatment includes aspirin and clopidogrel, high dose statin and possibly steroids. In rare cases, mechanical intervention using covered stents may help isolate the ruptured plaque. Anticoagulation with warfarin is not recommended and might even be harmful. Overall, CCE syndrome is usually a harbinger of extensive and unstable atherosclerotic disease that is often associated with acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Ghanem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Wheaton Franciscan Health, Brookfield, WI, USA
| | - Deepthi Vodnala
- University of Missouri, St. Luke's Health System, Kansas City, MO 48824, USA
| | - Jagadeesh K Kalavakunta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Borgess Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Sridevi Durga
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Noah Thormeier
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Prem Subramaniyam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Scott Abela
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - George S Abela
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Division of Pathology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Abela OG, Ahsan CH, Alreefi F, Salehi N, Baig I, Janoudi A, Abela GS. Plaque Rupture and Thrombosis: the Value of the Atherosclerotic Rabbit Model in Defining the Mechanism. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2016; 18:29. [PMID: 27091328 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-016-0587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation and mechanical injury associated with cholesterol crystal accretion within atherosclerotic plaques typically precedes plaque disruption (rupture and/or erosion) and thrombosis--often the terminal events of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. To elucidate the mechanisms of these events, the atherosclerotic rabbit model provides a unique and powerful tool that facilitates studies of atherogenesis starting with plaque buildup to eventual disruption. Examination of human coronary arteries obtained from patients who died with myocardial infarction demonstrates evidence of cholesterol crystals perforating the plaque cap and intimal surface of the arterial wall that can lead to rupture. These observations were made possible by omitting ethanol, an avid lipid solvent, from the tissue processing steps. Importantly, the atherosclerotic rabbit model exhibits a similar pathology of cholesterol crystals perforating the intimal surface as seen in ruptured human plaques. Local and systemic inflammatory responses in the model are also similar to those observed in humans. The strong parallel between the rabbit and human pathology validates the atherosclerotic rabbit model as a predictor of human pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Thus, the atherosclerotic rabbit model can be used with confidence to evaluate diagnostic imaging and efficacy of novel anti-atherosclerotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Abela
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Chowdhury H Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Fadi Alreefi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Negar Salehi
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Imran Baig
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Abed Janoudi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - George S Abela
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Michigan State University, B208 Clinical Center, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Phinikaridou A, Andia ME, Lavin B, Smith A, Saha P, Botnar RM. Increased Vascular Permeability Measured With an Albumin-Binding Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Is a Surrogate Marker of Rupture-Prone Atherosclerotic Plaque. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:e004910. [PMID: 27940955 PMCID: PMC5388187 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.004910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compromised structural integrity of the endothelium and higher microvessel density increase vascular permeability. We investigated whether vascular permeability measured in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging using the albumin-binding contrast agent, gadofosveset, is a surrogate marker of rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaque in a rabbit model. METHODS AND RESULTS New Zealand white rabbits (n=10) were rendered atherosclerotic by cholesterol-diet and endothelial denudation. Plaque rupture was triggered with Russell's viper venom and histamine. Animals were imaged pre-triggering, at 3 and 12 weeks, to quantify plaque area, vascular permeability, vasodilation, and stiffness and post-triggering to identify thrombus. Plaques identified on the pretrigger scans were classified as stable or rupture-prone based on the absence or presence of thrombus on the corresponding post-trigger magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. All rabbits had developed atherosclerosis, and 60% had ruptured plaques. Rupture-prone plaques had higher vessel wall relaxation rate (R1; 2.30±0.5 versus 1.86±0.3 s-1; P<0.001), measured 30 minutes after gadofosveset administration, and higher R1/plaque area ratio (0.70±0.06 versus 0.47±0.02, P= 0.01) compared with stable plaque at 12 weeks. Rupture-prone plaques had higher percent change in R1 between the 3 and 12 weeks compared with stable plaque (50.80±7.2% versus 14.22±2.2%; P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed increased vessel wall albumin and microvessel density in diseased aortas and especially in ruptured plaque. Electron microscopy showed lack of structural integrity in both luminal and microvascular endothelium in diseased vessels. Functionally, the intrinsic vasodilation of the vessel wall decreased at 12 weeks compared with 3 weeks (18.60±1.0% versus 23.43±0.8%; P<0.001) and in rupture-prone compared with stable lesions (16.40±2.0% versus 21.63±1.2%; P<0.001). Arterial stiffness increased at 12 weeks compared with 3 weeks (5.00±0.1 versus 2.53±0.2 m/s; P<0.001) both in animals with stable and rupture-prone lesions. CONCLUSIONS T1 mapping using an albumin-binding contrast agent (gadofosveset) could quantify the changes in vascular permeability associated with atherosclerosis progression and rupture-prone plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkystis Phinikaridou
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., M.E.A., B.L., R.M.B.), Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., P.S.), BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., R.M.B.), and Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center (P.S., R.M.B.), King's College London, United Kingdom; and Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.E.A.).
| | - Marcelo E Andia
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., M.E.A., B.L., R.M.B.), Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., P.S.), BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., R.M.B.), and Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center (P.S., R.M.B.), King's College London, United Kingdom; and Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.E.A.)
| | - Begoña Lavin
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., M.E.A., B.L., R.M.B.), Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., P.S.), BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., R.M.B.), and Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center (P.S., R.M.B.), King's College London, United Kingdom; and Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.E.A.)
| | - Alberto Smith
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., M.E.A., B.L., R.M.B.), Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., P.S.), BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., R.M.B.), and Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center (P.S., R.M.B.), King's College London, United Kingdom; and Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.E.A.)
| | - Prakash Saha
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., M.E.A., B.L., R.M.B.), Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., P.S.), BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., R.M.B.), and Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center (P.S., R.M.B.), King's College London, United Kingdom; and Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.E.A.)
| | - René M Botnar
- From the Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., M.E.A., B.L., R.M.B.), Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., P.S.), BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division (A.S., R.M.B.), and Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center (P.S., R.M.B.), King's College London, United Kingdom; and Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (M.E.A.)
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Kim JS, Lee SG, Oh J, Park S, Park SI, Hong SY, Kim S, Lee SH, Ko YG, Choi D, Hong MK, Jang Y. Development of Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaque by Injection of Inflammatory Proteins in a Rabbit Iliac Artery Model. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1095-105. [PMID: 27401639 PMCID: PMC4960374 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.5.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Appropriate animal models of atherosclerotic plaque are crucial to investigating the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, as well as for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of vascular devices. We aimed to develop a novel animal model that would be suitable for the study of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Atherosclerotic plaque was induced in 24 iliac arteries from 12 rabbits by combining a high cholesterol diet, endothelial denudation, and injection into the vessel wall with either saline (n=5), olive oil (n=6), or inflammatory proteins [n=13, high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) n=8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α n=5] using a Cricket™ Micro-infusion catheter. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to detect plaque characteristics after 4 weeks, and all tissues were harvested for histological evaluation. RESULTS Advanced plaque was more frequently observed in the group injected with inflammatory proteins. Macrophage infiltration was present to a higher degree in the HMGB1 and TNF-α groups, compared to the oil or saline group (82.1±5.1% and 94.6±2.2% compared to 49.6±14.0% and 46.5±9.6%, p-value<0.001), using RAM11 antibody staining. On OCT, lipid rich plaques were more frequently detected in the inflammatory protein group [saline group: 2/5 (40%), oil group: 3/5 (50%), HMGB1 group: 6/8 (75%), and TNF-α group: 5/5 (100%)]. CONCLUSION These data indicate that this rabbit model of atherosclerotic lesion formation via direct injection of pro-inflammatory proteins into the vessel wall is useful for in vivo studies investigating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Kim
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seul Gee Lee
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Se Il Park
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yu Hong
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hak Lee
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Guk Ko
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Ki Hong
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yamane K, Leung KP. Rabbit M1 and M2 macrophages can be induced by human recombinant GM-CSF and M-CSF. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:945-53. [PMID: 27642558 PMCID: PMC5011493 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can change their phenotype in response to environmental cues. Polarized macrophages are broadly classified into two groups: classical activated M1 and alternative activated M2. Characterization of human macrophages has been widely studied, but polarized macrophages in rabbits have not been characterized. We characterized rabbit macrophages that were polarized using human recombinant GM-CSF and M-CSF. GM-CSF-treated macrophages had higher mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (M1 phenotype) than did the M-CSF-treated counterpart. By contrast, high levels of TGF-β and IL-10 expression (M2 phenotype) were found in M-CSF-treated macrophages. The present study may be useful to understand roles of polarized macrophages in rabbit disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Yamane
- US Army Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Institute of Surgical Research Fort Sam Houston TX USA; Department of Bacteriology Osaka Dental University Hirakata-shi Osaka Japan
| | - Kai-Poon Leung
- US Army Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Institute of Surgical Research Fort Sam Houston TX USA
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Nam HS, Song JW, Jang SJ, Lee JJ, Oh WY, Kim JW, Yoo H. Characterization of lipid-rich plaques using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:75004. [PMID: 27391375 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.7.075004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT) is a high-resolution imaging method used to visualize the internal structures of walls of coronary arteries in vivo. However, accurate characterization of atherosclerotic plaques with gray-scale IV-OCT images is often limited by various intrinsic artifacts. In this study, we present an algorithm for characterizing lipid-rich plaques with a spectroscopic OCT technique based on a Gaussian center of mass (GCOM) metric. The GCOM metric, which reflects the absorbance properties of lipids, was validated using a lipid phantom. In addition, the proposed characterization method was successfully demonstrated in vivo using an atherosclerotic rabbit model and was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 94.3% and 76.7% for lipid classification, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Soo Nam
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Woo Song
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Jang
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joong Lee
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Yuhl Oh
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Cytoskeleton deregulation and impairment in amino acids and energy metabolism in early atherosclerosis at aortic tissue with reflection in plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:725-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Pham TA, Hua N, Phinikaridou A, Killiany R, Hamilton J. Early in vivo discrimination of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques that disrupt: A serial MRI study. Atherosclerosis 2015; 244:101-7. [PMID: 26606442 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS MRI has been validated as a suitable imaging modality for in vivo, non-invasive detection of atherosclerosis and has provided quantitative predictors of high-risk plaque. Here, we apply serial MRI to monitor the natural progression of plaques over a 3-month period in a rabbit model of atherothrombosis to determine differences over time between plaques that ultimately disrupt to form a luminal mural thrombus and plaques that remain stable. METHODS Atherosclerotic plaques were induced in 12 male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits by aortic endothelial injury and a 1% cholesterol diet. The rabbits were imaged 5 times: at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months, and 48hr after pharmacological triggering for plaque disruption. RESULTS Starting at 2 months, plaques that disrupted after triggering exhibited a higher remodeling ratio (RR, 1.05 ± 0.11 vs 0.97 ± 0.10, p = 0.0002) and a larger vessel wall area (VWA, 6.99 ± 1.54 mm(2) vs 6.30 ± 1.37 mm(2), p = 0.0072) than the stable non-disrupted plaques. The same trends were observed at 3 months: plaques that disrupted had a higher RR (1.04 ± 0.02 vs 0.99 ± 0.01, p = 0.0209), VWA (8.19 ± 2.69 mm(2) vs 6.81 ± 1.60 mm(2), p = 0.0001), and increased gadolinium uptake (75.51 ± 13.77% for disrupted vs 31.02 ± 6.45% for non-disrupted, p = 0.0022). CONCLUSIONS MR images of plaques that disrupted revealed larger VWAs, RRs, and increased gadolinium uptake at 2 months and continued progression of these vulnerable features between 2 and 3 months. Non-disrupted plaques had an independent history without these hallmarks of vulnerability. Our results show that MRI can provide early detection of plaques at a higher-risk for luminal thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan A Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ning Hua
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald Killiany
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hua N, Baik F, Pham T, Phinikaridou A, Giordano N, Friedman B, Whitney M, Nguyen QT, Tsien RY, Hamilton JA. Identification of High-Risk Plaques by MRI and Fluorescence Imaging in a Rabbit Model of Atherothrombosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139833. [PMID: 26448434 PMCID: PMC4598148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The detection of atherosclerotic plaques at risk for disruption will be greatly enhanced by molecular probes that target vessel wall biomarkers. Here, we test if fluorescently-labeled Activatable Cell Penetrating Peptides (ACPPs) could differentiate stable plaques from vulnerable plaques that disrupt, forming a luminal thrombus. Additionally, we test the efficacy of a combined ACPP and MRI technique for identifying plaques at high risk of rupture. Methods and Results In an atherothrombotic rabbit model, disrupted plaques were identified with in vivo MRI and co-registered in the same rabbit aorta with the in vivo uptake of ACPPs, cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or thrombin. ACPP uptake, mapped ex vivo in whole aortas, was higher in disrupted compared to non-disrupted plaques. Specifically, disrupted plaques demonstrated a 4.5~5.0 fold increase in fluorescence enhancement, while non-disrupted plaques showed only a 2.2~2.5 fold signal increase. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicates that both ACPPs (MMP and thrombin) show high specificity (84.2% and 83.2%) and sensitivity (80.0% and 85.7%) in detecting disrupted plaques. The detection power of ACPPs was improved when combined with the MRI derived measure, outward remodeling ratio. Conclusions Our targeted fluorescence ACPP probes distinguished disrupted plaques from stable plaques with high sensitivity and specificity. The combination of anatomic, MRI-derived predictors for disruption and ACPP uptake can further improve the power for identification of high-risk plaques and suggests future development of ACPPs with molecular MRI as a readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hua
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fred Baik
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tuan Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Giordano
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Beth Friedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Whitney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Quyen T. Nguyen
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Roger Y. Tsien
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - James A. Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wu Z, Zang S, liu W, Jiang N, Yang W. Cryoplasty for Canine Iliac Artery Stenosis and its Impact on Expression of TIMP-2 and MMP-2. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2015; 49:135-41. [PMID: 26335992 DOI: 10.1177/1538574415603488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was performed to observe the effects of cryoplasty on canine iliac artery stenosis and the expression of tissue inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). Methods: We produced a reliable canine model to mimic the atherosclerotic stenosis in the iliac artery by suturing the artery followed by vessel ligation to create an injury to intimal and medial walls. Sixteen mongrel dogs with iliac artery stenosis were randomized to conventional balloon angioplasty (n = 8) or cryoplasty (n = 8). Results: Four weeks posttreatment, the cryoplasty group with less collagen fibers and smooth muscle demonstrated significantly larger luminal diameter of iliac artery compared to the balloon angioplasty group ( P < .001). Expression of TIMP-2 significantly increased and expression of MMP-2 significantly reduced in iliac artery of the cryoplasty group compared to conventional balloon angioplasty. Conclusion: Our study suggests cryoplasty might increase the expression of TIMP-2 and decrease the expression of MMP-2, thereby inhibiting vascular hyperplasia and collagen fibers synthesis of the stenotic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengbing Zang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenwen liu
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weizhu Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Priyadharsini RP. Animal models to evaluate anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 29:329-40. [PMID: 26095240 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial condition characterized by endothelial injury, fatty streak deposition, and stiffening of the blood vessels. The pathogenesis is complex and mediated by adhesion molecules, inflammatory cells, and smooth muscle cells. Statins have been the major drugs in treating hypercholesterolemia for the past two decades despite little efficacy. There is an urgent need for new drugs that can replace statins or combined with statins. The preclinical studies evaluating atherosclerosis require an ideal animal model which resembles the disease condition, but there is no single animal model which mimics the disease. The animal models used are rabbits, rats, mice, hamsters, mini pigs, etc. Each animal model has its own advantages and disadvantages. The method of induction of atherosclerosis includes diet, chemical induction, mechanically induced injuries, and genetically manipulated animal models. This review mainly focuses on the various animal models, method of induction, the advantages, disadvantages, and the current perspectives with regard to preclinical studies on atherosclerosis.
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Hasturk H, Abdallah R, Kantarci A, Nguyen D, Giordano N, Hamilton J, Van Dyke TE. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Diet and Inflammation-Induced Atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1123-33. [PMID: 25792445 PMCID: PMC4415167 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological and recent clinical studies implicate periodontitis as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previously, we demonstrated that rabbits with experimental periodontitis and cholesterol diet exhibit more aortic plaque compared with diet alone. We also showed that a proresolution mediator, Resolvin E1 (RvE1), reverses the experimental periodontitis. Here, we determined whether oral/topical application of RvE1 attenuates aortic atherosclerosis induced by both diet and periodontal inflammation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Thirty-nine rabbits on a 13-week regimen of 0.5% cholesterol diet were included. Periodontitis was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis in 24 rabbits and 15 rabbits were placed in no-periodontitis groups. Interventions were no-treatment, vehicle, and RvE1 treatment (4 μg/site or 0.4 μg/site) topically applied 3× per week. At 13 weeks, both periodontitis and atherosclerosis were quantified. Atherosclerotic plaques were assessed by Sudan IV staining, histology, and ex vivo MRI. Serum levels of C-reactive protein were evaluated as a measure of systemic inflammation. RvE1, used as an oral/topical agent, significantly diminished atherogenesis and prevented periodontitis (P<0.05). In the absence of periodontal inflammation, oral/topical application of RvE1 resulted in significantly less arterial plaque, a lower intima/media ratio, and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration compared with no-treatment (P<0.001). Local oral RvE1 application significantly reduced systemic levels of C-reactive protein (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that oral/topical RvE1 attenuates enhanced atherogenesis induced by periodontitis and prevents vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in the absence of periodontitis. The inhibition of vascular inflammation with endogenous mediators of resolution of inflammation provides a novel approach in the prevention of atherogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Hasturk
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.).
| | - Rima Abdallah
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - Nicholas Giordano
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - James Hamilton
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.)
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- From the Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.H., A.K., D.N., T.E.V.D.); Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (R.A.); Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.H.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA (N.G.).
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Phinikaridou A, Andia ME, Indermuehle A, Onthank DC, Cesati RR, Smith A, Robinson SP, Saha P, Botnar RM. Vascular Remodeling and Plaque Vulnerability in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis: Comparison of Delayed-Enhancement MR Imaging with an Elastin-specific Contrast Agent and Unenhanced Black-Blood MR Imaging. Radiology 2014; 271:390-9. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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