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Huang R, Pang Q, Zheng L, Lin J, Li H, Wan L, Wang T. Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1015-1030. [PMID: 38989934 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important component of plasma membranes and participates in many basic life functions, such as the maintenance of cell membrane stability, the synthesis of steroid hormones, and myelination. Cholesterol plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the central nervous system. The brain contains 20% of the whole body's cholesterol, 80% of which is located within myelin. A huge number of processes (e.g., the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and liver X receptor pathway) participate in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain via mechanisms that include cholesterol biosynthesis, intracellular transport, and efflux. Certain brain injuries or diseases involving crosstalk among the processes above can affect normal cholesterol metabolism to induce detrimental consequences. Therefore, we hypothesized that cholesterol-related molecules and pathways can serve as therapeutic targets for central nervous system diseases. Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most severe hemorrhagic stroke subtype, with high mortality and morbidity. Historical cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Moreover, secondary pathological changes after intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with cholesterol metabolism dysregulation, such as neuroinflammation, demyelination, and multiple types of programmed cell death. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation in the brain has been found after intracerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we review normal cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system, the mechanisms known to participate in the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage, and the links between cholesterol metabolism and cell death. We also review several possible and constructive therapeutic targets identified based on cholesterol metabolism to provide cholesterol-based perspectives and a reference for those interested in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Tian Y, Luo Q, Huang K, Sun T, Luo S. Long Noncoding RNA AC078850.1 Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis in Atherosclerosis by Upregulating ITGB2 Transcription via Transcription Factor HIF-1α. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1734. [PMID: 37371830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a chronic progressive inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis constitutes a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The effect of lncRNA AC078850.1 in atherosclerosis is unknown; this study aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of the lncRNA AC078850.1/HIF-1α complex in atherosclerosis. Initially, we identified the lncRNA AC078850.1 associated with atherosclerosis using multiple bioinformatic methods, finding that the level of lncRNA AC078850.1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positively related to the severity of carotid atherosclerosis. LncRNA AC078850.1 was upregulated, and found to be predominately localized in the nucleus of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Both the knockdown of lncRNA AC078850.1 and the transcription factor HIF-1α can each markedly suppress ITGB2 gene transcription, ROS production, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β/18 release, lipid accumulation, and pyroptotic cell death in ox-LDL-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. Additionally, the downregulation of HIF-1α attenuated the positive effects of lncRNA AC078850.1 on pyroptosis and foam cell formation. In addition, the knockdown of lncRNA AC078850.1 suppressed HIF-1α-aggravated macrophages pyroptosis and foam cell formation. Meanwhile, inhibition of ITGB2 gene expression ameliorated HIF-1α-aggravated ROS generation in THP-1-derived macrophages. Taken together, our study demonstrated that lncRNA AC078850.1 was involved in the regulation of ITGB2 gene transcription by binding to the HIF-1α and lncRNA AC078850.1/HIF-1α complex, promoting both NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and foam cell formation through the ROS-dependent pathway in cases of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiqi Luo
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shanshun Luo
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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GSDME-mediated pyroptosis promotes the progression and associated inflammation of atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:929. [PMID: 36807553 PMCID: PMC9938904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a type of Gasdermin-mediated cell death, contributes to an exacerbation of inflammation. To test the hypothesis that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis aggravates the progression of atherosclerosis, we generate ApoE and GSDME dual deficiency mice. As compared with the control mice, GSDME-/-/ApoE-/- mice show a reduction of atherosclerotic lesion area and inflammatory response when induced with a high-fat diet. Human atherosclerosis single-cell transcriptome analysis demonstrates that GSDME is mainly expressed in macrophages. In vitro, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induces GSDME expression and pyroptosis in macrophages. Mechanistically, ablation of GSDME in macrophages represses ox-LDL-induced inflammation and macrophage pyroptosis. Moreover, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) directly correlates with and positively regulates GSDME expression. This study explores the transcriptional mechanisms of GSDME during atherosclerosis development and indicates that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in the progression of atherosclerosis could be a potential therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
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Shandilya UK, Sharma A, Naylor D, Canovas A, Mallard B, Karrow NA. Expression Profile of miRNA from High, Middle, and Low Stress-Responding Sheep during Bacterial Endotoxin Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030508. [PMID: 36766397 PMCID: PMC9913542 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals respond to stress by activating a wide array of physiological and behavioral responses that are collectively referred to as the stress response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play key roles in the regulation of homeostasis. There are many reports demonstrating examples of stress-induced miRNA expression profiles. The aim of this study was to determine the circulatory miRNA profile of variable stress-responding lambs (n = 112) categorized based on their cortisol levels as high (HSR, 336.2 ± 27.9 nmol/L), middle (MSR, 147.3 ±9.5 nmol/L), and low (LSR, 32.1 ± 10.4 nmol/L) stress responders post-LPS challenge (400 ng/kg iv). Blood was collected from the jugular vein at 0 (T0) and 4 h (T4) post-LPS challenge, and miRNAs were isolated from four animals from each group. An array of 84 miRNAs and 6 individual miRNAs were evaluated using qPCR. Among 90 miRNAs, there were 48 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs (log fold change (FC) > 2 < log FC) in the HSR group, 46 in the MSR group, and 49 in the LSR group compared with T0 (control) samples. In the HSR group, three miRNAs, miR-485-5p, miR-1193-5p, and miR-3957-5p were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated, while seven miRNAs, miR-376b-3p, miR-376c-3p, miR-411b-5p, miR-376a-3p, miR-376b-3p, miR-376c-3p, and miR-381-3p, were downregulated (p < 0.05) as compared to the LSR and MSR groups. Functional analysis of DE miRNAs revealed their roles in Ras and MAPK signaling, cytokine signaling, the adaptive immune system, and transcription pathways in the HSR phenotype, implicating a hyper-induced acute-phase response. In contrast, in the LSR group, enriched pathways included glucagon signaling metabolic regulation, the transportation of amino acids and ions, and the integration of energy metabolism. Taken together, these results indicate variation in the acute-phase response to an immune stress challenge, and these miRNAs are implicated in regulating responses within cortisol-based phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K. Shandilya
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Danielle Naylor
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Angela Canovas
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bonnie Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Systemic inflammation has been suggested to have a pivotal role in atherothrombosis, but the factors that trigger systemic inflammation have not been fully elucidated. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria present in the gut that can translocate into the systemic circulation, causing non-septic, low-grade endotoxaemia. Gut dysbiosis is a major determinant of low-grade endotoxaemia via dysfunction of the intestinal barrier scaffold, which is a prerequisite for LPS translocation into the systemic circulation. Experimental studies have demonstrated that LPS is present in atherosclerotic arteries but not in normal arteries. In atherosclerotic plaques, LPS promotes a pro-inflammatory status that can lead to plaque instability and thrombus formation. Low-grade endotoxaemia affects several cell types, including leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells, leading to inflammation and clot formation. Low-grade endotoxaemia has been described in patients at risk of or with overt cardiovascular disease, in whom low-grade endotoxaemia was associated with atherosclerotic burden and its clinical sequelae. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms favouring the development of low-grade endotoxaemia, focusing on gut dysbiosis and changes in gut permeability; the plausible biological mechanisms linking low-grade endotoxaemia and atherothrombosis; the clinical studies suggesting that low-grade endotoxaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular events; and the potential therapeutic tools to improve gut permeability and eventually eliminate low-grade endotoxaemia.
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El-Darzi N, Mast N, Hammer SS, Dorweiler TF, Busik JV, Pikuleva IA. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin mitigates pathological changes in a mouse model of retinal cholesterol dyshomeostasis. J Lipid Res 2022; 64:100323. [PMID: 36586438 PMCID: PMC9883287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP46A1 is a CNS-specific enzyme, which eliminates cholesterol from the brain and retina by metabolism to 24-hydroxycholesterol, thus contributing to cholesterol homeostasis in both organs. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), a Food and Drug Administration-approved formulation vehicle, is currently being investigated off-label for treatment of various diseases, including retinal diseases. HPCD was shown to lower retinal cholesterol content in mice but had not yet been evaluated for its therapeutic benefits. Herein, we put Cyp46a1-/- mice on high fat cholesterol-enriched diet from 1 to 14 months of age (control group) and at 12 months of age, started to treat a group of these animals with HPCD until the age of 14 months. We found that as compared with mature and regular chow-fed Cyp46a1-/- mice, control group had about 6-fold increase in the retinal total cholesterol content, focal cholesterol and lipid deposition in the photoreceptor-Bruch's membrane region, and retinal macrophage activation. In addition, aged animals had cholesterol crystals at the photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium interface and changes in the Bruch's membrane ultrastructure. HPCD treatment mitigated all these manifestations of retinal cholesterol dyshomeostasis and altered the abundance of six groups of proteins (genetic information transfer, vesicular transport, and cytoskeletal organization, endocytosis and lysosomal processing, unfolded protein removal, lipid homeostasis, and Wnt signaling). Thus, aged Cyp46a1-/- mice on high fat cholesterol-enriched diet revealed pathological changes secondary to retinal cholesterol overload and supported further studies of HPCD as a potential therapeutic for age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy associated with retinal cholesterol dyshomeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole El-Darzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandra S. Hammer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tim F. Dorweiler
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Julia V. Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Irina A. Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,For correspondence: Irina A. Pikuleva
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Xu XD, Chen JX, Zhu L, Xu ST, Jiang J, Ren K. The emerging role of pyroptosis-related inflammasome pathway in atherosclerosis. Mol Med 2022; 28:160. [PMID: 36544112 PMCID: PMC9773468 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic sterile inflammatory disorder, is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The dysfunction and unnatural death of plaque cells, including vascular endothelial cells (VEC), macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), are crucial factors in the progression of AS. Pyroptosis was described as a form of cell death at least two decades ago. It is featured by plasma membrane swelling and rupture, cell lysis, and consequent robust release of cytosolic contents and pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Pyroptosis of plaque cells is commonly observed in the initiation and development of AS, and the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins are positively correlated with plaque instability, indicating the crucial contribution of pyroptosis to atherogenesis. Furthermore, studies have also identified some candidate anti-atherogenic agents targeting plaque cell pyroptosis. Herein, we summarize the research progress in understating (1) the discovery and definition of pyroptosis; (2) the characterization and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis; (3) the regulatory mechanisms of pyroptosis in VEC, macrophage, and VSMC, as well as their potential role in AS progression, aimed at providing therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Xu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xian Chen
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247College of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Xu
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Ren
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247College of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 Anhui People’s Republic of China ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100 Hainan People’s Republic of China
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Chen L, Liu Y, Tang Z, Song Z, Cao F, Shi X, Xie P, Wei P, Li M. Radix Angelica dahuricae extract ameliorates oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by modulating the gut microbiota and bile acid signalling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154440. [PMID: 36162241 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radix Angelica dahuricae (RAD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, displays a promising effect on alleviating lipid metabolism. However, the improvement of RAD on oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia and the underlying mechanism are unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to study the effect of RAD on oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and investigate the involvement of the gut microbiota and bile acid signalling in the protective effects. METHODS Bilateral ovariectomy was executed to establish an oestrogen deficiency model. Serum biochemical indexes, liver lipids, inflammatory cytokines and histomorphology were evaluated. Gut microbes were analysed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and serum bile acids were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and ultra-high-performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), respectively. The expression of genes related to bile acid synthesis, metabolism and enterohepatic circulation in the liver and caecum was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS The results displayed that RAD administration markedly decreased body weight, TC and TG levels in the serum and liver, and hepatic steatosis and inflammation in OVX rats. RAD administration could significantly regulate the gut microbial composition, increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, increasing the content of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and reestablishing the SCFA profile and bile acid metabolism profile in OVX rats. RAD administration could increase the gene expression of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and cytochrome P450 7A1(CYP7A1) and regulate the gene expression of the related receptors as well as proteins in enterohepatic circulation. CONCLUSIONS RAD alleviated oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia in OVX rats. Modulation of the gut microbiota composition and bile acid signalling may be the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China.
| | - Yanru Liu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China.
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P R China.
| | - Zhongxing Song
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China
| | - Fan Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P R China
| | - Xinbo Shi
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China
| | - Pei Xie
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P R China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P R China
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Kotlyarov S. High-Density Lipoproteins: A Role in Inflammation in COPD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158128. [PMID: 35897703 PMCID: PMC9331387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widespread disease associated with high rates of disability and mortality. COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation in the bronchi as well as systemic inflammation, which contributes significantly to the clinically heterogeneous course of the disease. Lipid metabolism disorders are common in COPD, being a part of its pathogenesis. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are not only involved in lipid metabolism, but are also part of the organism’s immune and antioxidant defense. In addition, HDL is a versatile transport system for endogenous regulatory agents and is also involved in the removal of exogenous substances such as lipopolysaccharide. These functions, as well as information about lipoprotein metabolism disorders in COPD, allow a broader assessment of their role in the pathogenesis of heterogeneous and comorbid course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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Naeem Khan MN, Ahmed A, Zafar I, Akhtar S, Aurangzeb MH, Khan A. The Diagnostic Accuracy of Carotid Doppler in Detecting Anechoic Thrombus Against CT Angiography as the Gold Standard. Cureus 2022; 14:e26951. [PMID: 35989793 PMCID: PMC9381034 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of carotid Doppler ultrasound (CDU) in detecting anechoic carotid artery thrombus when compared to CT angiography (CTA) as the gold standard. Materials and methods This prospective comparative study was conducted at the Radiology Department of the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from January 2022 to May 2022. The study enrolled 32 patients who met the inclusion criteria. We evaluated patients admitted to the neurology ward/OPD who were referred to radiology as part of a stroke workup based on their clinical examination and medical history. In all patients, CDU was used to detect free-floating thrombus (FFT)/anechoic thrombus. CTA was used as the gold standard to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CDU. Results The mean age of the study participants was 45.63 ± 7.05 years (range: 33-59 years). Out of 32 patients, 19 (59.4%) were male and 13 (40.6%) were female. The results of CDU were confirmed by CTA in all patients. The diagnostic accuracy of CDU was 53.12% for detecting FFT. The values for sensitivity (54.55%), specificity (50%), positive predictive value (PPV, 70.59%), and negative predictive value (NPV, 33.33%) were also calculated. Conclusion Despite the limited sample size, the study concludes that CDU has a diagnostic accuracy of 53%. CTA still remains the gold standard imaging modality for anechoic thrombus if strong clinical suspicion is present.
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Li Y, Che J, Chang L, Guo M, Bao X, Mu D, Sun X, Zhang X, Lu W, Xie J. CD47- and Integrin α4/β1-Comodified-Macrophage-Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles Enable Delivery of Colchicine to Atherosclerotic Plaque. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101788. [PMID: 34786845 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and the major pathological factor of most cardiovascular diseases, leading to ≈1/3 of deaths worldwide. Improving local delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to the site of atherosclerosis has significant promise to prevent the development of atherosclerotic plaque clinically. Here, a modified-macrophage-membrane-coated nanoparticle drug delivery able to transport colchicine to the atherosclerotic site is reported. This hybrid system efficiently targets endothelial cells under an inflammatory environment while escaping the endocytosis of macrophages. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the modified-macrophage-membrane-coated nanoparticles on foam cells is studied. In vivo, the migration of the modified-macrophage-membrane-coated nanoparticles to atherosclerotic lesions is confirmed in a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque mouse model. Intravenous injections of the hybrid system successfully reduce the lipid plaque load and improve the plaque stability. This strategy provides a potential therapeutic system for the targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to the atherosclerotic site for the treatment of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Li
- Department of Cardiology Drum Tower Hospital MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Junyi Che
- Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Science and Technology Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Cardiology Drum Tower Hospital MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Xue Bao
- Department of Cardiology Drum Tower Hospital MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Dan Mu
- Department of Radiology Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Cardiology Drum Tower Hospital MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Drum Tower Hospital MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Cardiology Xu Zhou Central Hospital Xu Zhou 221009 China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Cardiology Drum Tower Hospital MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 211800 China
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12
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Gruber EJ, Aygun AY, Leifer CA. Macrophage uptake of oxidized and acetylated low-density lipoproteins and generation of reactive oxygen species are regulated by linear stiffness of the growth surface. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260756. [PMID: 34914760 PMCID: PMC8675690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key players in the development of atherosclerosis: they scavenge lipid, transform into foam cells, and produce proinflammatory mediators. At the same time, the arterial wall undergoes profound changes in its mechanical properties. We recently showed that macrophage morphology and proinflammatory potential are regulated by the linear stiffness of the growth surface. Here we asked whether linear stiffness also regulates lipid uptake by macrophages. We cultured murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) on polyacrylamide gels modeling stiffness of healthy (1kPa) and diseased (10-150kPa) blood vessels. In unprimed BMMs, increased linear stiffness increased uptake of oxidized (oxLDL) and acetylated (acLDL) low density lipoproteins and generation of reactive oxygen species, but did not alter phagocytosis of bacteria or silica particles. Macrophages adapted to stiff growth surfaces had increased mRNA and protein expression of two key lipoprotein receptors: CD36 and scavenger receptor b1. Regulation of the lipoprotein receptor, lectin-like receptor for ox-LDL, was more complex: mRNA expression decreased but surface protein expression increased with increased stiffness. Focal adhesion kinase was required for maximal uptake of oxLDL, but not of acLDL. Uptake of oxLDL and acLDL was independent of rho-associated coiled coil kinase. Through pharmacologic inhibition and genetic deletion, we found that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive ion channel, plays an inhibitory role in the uptake of acLDL, but not oxLDL. Together, these results implicate mechanical signaling in the uptake of acLDL and oxLDL, opening up the possibility of new pharmacologic targets to modulate lipid uptake by macrophages in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J. Gruber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ali Y. Aygun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Huang J, Huang J, Li Y, Lv H, Yin T, Fan S, Zhang C, Li H. Fucoidan Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Institute of Cancer Research Mice. J Med Food 2021; 24:1058-1067. [PMID: 34668763 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan possesses various biological activities, such as anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, potential antioxidant, and others. In this study, we investigated the effect of fucoidan on high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation, and gut microbiota in Institute of Cancer Research mice. Mice were gavaged with 50 mg/(kg·d) (Fuc0.5 group) or 250 mg/(kg·d) (Fuc2.5 group) of fucoidan for 5 weeks. Fucoidan alleviated obesity and tissue damage by decreasing body weight and body mass index, decreasing body weight gain, improved organ index, liver steatosis, and improved the structure of the small intestine. In addition, fucoidan decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, fucoidan reduced serum lipopolysaccharide concentrations, tumor necrosis factor-α, and total bile acid. Furthermore, fucoidan improved the structure of gut microbiota and significantly increased the abundance (Shannon diversity index, evenness, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR. In conclusion, our study provides a scientific basis for fucoidan as a functional food for modulating the gut microbiota and protecting against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Huang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyun Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianyi Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shujun Fan
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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14
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Dama A, Baggio C, Boscaro C, Albiero M, Cignarella A. Estrogen Receptor Functions and Pathways at the Vascular Immune Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4254. [PMID: 33923905 PMCID: PMC8073008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) activity mediates multiple physiological processes in the cardiovascular system. ERα and ERβ are ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, while the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates estrogenic signals by modulating non-nuclear second messengers, including activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade. Membrane localizations of ERs are generally associated with rapid, non-genomic effects while nuclear localizations are associated with nuclear activities/transcriptional modulation of target genes. Gender dependence of endothelial biology, either through the action of sex hormones or sex chromosome-related factors, is becoming increasingly evident. Accordingly, cardiometabolic risk increases as women transition to menopause. Estrogen pathways control angiogenesis progression through complex mechanisms. The classic ERs have been acknowledged to function in mediating estrogen effects on glucose metabolism, but 17β-estradiol also rapidly promotes endothelial glycolysis by increasing glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) levels through GPER-dependent mechanisms. Estrogens alter monocyte and macrophage phenotype(s), and induce effects on other estrogen-responsive cell lineages (e.g., secretion of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors) that impact macrophage function. The pharmacological modulation of ERs for therapeutic purposes, however, is particularly challenging due to the lack of ER subtype selectivity of currently used agents. Identifying the determinants of biological responses to estrogenic agents at the vascular immune interface and developing targeted pharmacological interventions may result in novel improved therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Dama
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Chiara Baggio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Carlotta Boscaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Cignarella
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (M.A.)
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15
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Rezende ESV, Lima GC, Naves MMV. Dietary fibers as beneficial microbiota modulators: A proposed classification by prebiotic categories. Nutrition 2021; 89:111217. [PMID: 33838493 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a group of heterogeneous substances that are neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine. Some fibers can be classified as prebiotics if they are metabolized by beneficial bacteria present in the hindgut microbiota. The aim of this review was to specify the prebiotic properties of different subgroups of dietary fibers (resistant oligosaccharides, non-starch polysaccharides, resistant starches, and associated substances) to classify them by prebiotic categories. Currently, only resistant oligosaccharides (fructans [fructooligosaccharides, oligofructose, and inulin] and galactans) are well documented as prebiotics in the literature. Other fibers are considered candidates to prebiotics or have prebiotic potential, and apparently some have no prebiotic effect on humans. This dietary fiber classification by the prebiotic categories contributes to a better understanding of these concepts in the literature, to the stimulation of the processing and consumption of foods rich in fiber and other products with prebiotic properties, and to the development of protocols and guidelines on food sources of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glaucia Carielo Lima
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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16
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He X, Fan X, Bai B, Lu N, Zhang S, Zhang L. Pyroptosis is a critical immune-inflammatory response involved in atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105447. [PMID: 33516832 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death activated by various stimuli and is characterized by inflammasome assembly, membrane pore formation, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and cholesterol crystals, have been shown to promote pyroptosis through several mechanisms that involve ion flux, ROS, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal rupture, Golgi function, autophagy, noncoding RNAs, post-translational modifications, and the expression of related molecules. Pyroptosis of endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall can induce plaque instability and accelerate atherosclerosis progression. In this review, we focus on the pathogenesis, influence, and therapy of pyroptosis in atherosclerosis and provide novel ideas for suppressing pyroptosis and the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Xuehui Fan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Nanjuan Lu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shuang Zhang
- General Surgery, Harbin Changzheng Hospital, 363 Xuan Hua Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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17
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Pan J, Sun X, Zhang P, Chen H, Lin J. Relationship between serum cystatin-c and coronary lesion severity in coronary artery disease patients with a normal glomerular filtration rate. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520985639. [PMID: 33435768 PMCID: PMC7809317 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520985639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death. This study evaluated the relationship between serum cystatin-c and coronary lesion severity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with a normal glomerular filtration rate. Methods Nine hundred and fifty-nine patients were retrospectively included and divided into non-CAD and CAD groups according to coronary angiography results. CAD patients were classified into three groups by Gensini score tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the relationship between serum cystatin-c and coronary lesion severity. Results Serum cystatin-c levels were significantly higher in CAD patients than in non-CAD patients. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between serum cystatin-c levels with the Gensini score and the number of diseased vessels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum cystatin-c was 0.544 and 0.555 for predicting a high Gensini score and three-vessel disease, respectively. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that the serum cystatin-c level was an independent predictor of a high Gensini score [odds ratio (OR) = 2.177, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.140–3.930] and three-vessel disease (OR = 1.845, 95% CI 0.994–3.424) after adjusting for the conventional CAD risk factors. Conclusions Serum cystatin-c was elevated in CAD patients and may be an independent predictor of CAD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xifeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an City, China
| | - Haichao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an City, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an City, China
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18
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Yu GR, Lee SJ, Kim DH, Lim DW, Kim H, Park WH, Kim JE. Literature-Based Drug Repurposing in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Reduced Inflammatory M1 Macrophage Polarization by Jisil Haebaek Gyeji-Tang Alleviates Cardiovascular Disease In Vitro and Ex Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8881683. [PMID: 33456493 PMCID: PMC7787781 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8881683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Relatively high proportions of proinflammatory M1-like macrophages in tissues may lead to vascular impairment and trigger numerous diseases including atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). Jisil Haebaek Gyeji-tang (JHGT), a polyherbal decoction, is traditionally used to treat various human ailments including chest pain, angina, and myocardial infarction. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of JHGT on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated M1 macrophage polarization generated via the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. The reducing power of JHGT was also investigated using DAF-FA DA in a zebrafish model. JHGT significantly reduced inflammatory mediator levels, including iNOS, COX2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as compared with LPS-stimulated controls in vitro and ex vivo. Furthermore, JHGT suppressed the ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways and reduced p-IκBα levels and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, treatment with JHGT significantly reduced the NO levels in LPS-treated zebrafish larva ex vivo. Our findings show the potent anti-inflammatory properties of JHGT are due to its suppression of MAPK signaling, NF-κB translocation, and M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Ram Yu
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Lee
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hoon Kim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Kim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hwan Park
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Eun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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19
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Shen L, Yamamoto T, Tan XW, Ogata K, Ando E, Ozeki E, Matsuura E. Identification and visualization of oxidized lipids in atherosclerotic plaques by microscopic imaging mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Atherosclerosis 2020; 311:1-12. [PMID: 32911376 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dysregulated lipid metabolism has emerged as one of the major risk factors of atherosclerosis. Presently, there is a consensus that oxidized LDL (oxLDL) promotes development of atherosclerosis and downstream chronic inflammatory responses. Due to the dynamic metabolic disposition of lipoprotein, conventional approach to purify bioactive lipids for subsequent comprehensive analysis has proven to be inadequate for elucidation of the oxidized lipids species accountable for pathophysiology of atherosclerotic lesions. Herein, we aimed to utilize a novel mass microscopic imaging technology, coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize oxidized lipids in atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS We attempted to use MALDI-TOF-MS and iMScope to identify selected oxidized lipid targets and visualize their respective localizations in study models of atherosclerosis. RESULTS Based on the MS analysis, detection of 7-K under positive ionization through product ion peak at m/z 383 [M + H-H2O] indicated the distinctive presence of targeted lipid within Cu2+-oxLDL and Cu2+-oxLDL loaded macrophage-like J774A.1 cells, along with other cholesterol oxidation products. Moreover, the application of two-dimensional iMScope has successfully visualized the localization of lipids in aortic atherosclerotic plaques of the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit. Distinctive lipid distribution profiles were observed in atherosclerotic lesions of different sizes, especially the localizations of lysoPCs in atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we believe that both MALDI-TOF-MS and iMScope metabolomics technology may offer a novel proposition for future pathophysiological studies of lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Shen
- Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi City, Guizhou, 563003, China; Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, 3-9-4 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Takushi Yamamoto
- Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo, Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Xian Wen Tan
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koretsugu Ogata
- Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo, Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Eiji Ando
- Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo, Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ozeki
- Technology Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, 3-9-4 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Collaborative Research Center (OMIC), 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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20
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Zhou QD, Chi X, Lee MS, Hsieh WY, Mkrtchyan JJ, Feng AC, He C, York AG, Bui VL, Kronenberger EB, Ferrari A, Xiao X, Daly AE, Tarling EJ, Damoiseaux R, Scumpia PO, Smale ST, Williams KJ, Tontonoz P, Bensinger SJ. Interferon-mediated reprogramming of membrane cholesterol to evade bacterial toxins. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:746-755. [PMID: 32514064 PMCID: PMC7778040 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membranes of animal cells are enriched for cholesterol. Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are pore-forming toxins secreted by bacteria that target membrane cholesterol for their effector function. Phagocytes are essential for clearance of CDC-producing bacteria; however, the mechanisms by which these cells evade the deleterious effects of CDCs are largely unknown. Here, we report that interferon (IFN) signals convey resistance to CDC-induced pores on macrophages and neutrophils. We traced IFN-mediated resistance to CDCs to the rapid modulation of a specific pool of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of macrophages without changes to total cholesterol levels. Resistance to CDC-induced pore formation requires the production of the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and redistribution of cholesterol to an esterified cholesterol pool. Accordingly, blocking the ability of IFN to reprogram cholesterol metabolism abrogates cellular protection and renders mice more susceptible to CDC-induced tissue damage. These studies illuminate targeted regulation of membrane cholesterol content as a host defense strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan D Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xun Chi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Sub Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan J Mkrtchyan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - An-Chieh Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cuiwen He
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Autumn G York
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Viet L Bui
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eliza B Kronenberger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allison E Daly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip O Scumpia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen T Smale
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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IFN Regulatory Factor 1 Mediates Macrophage Pyroptosis Induced by Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2917128. [PMID: 31871426 PMCID: PMC6913184 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2917128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. It is caused by the interaction between inflammatory cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and lipoproteins. Evidence has revealed that macrophage pyroptosis in lesion contributes to the formation of the necrotic core and thinning of the fibrous cap, which plays crucial roles in the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in various immune processes and cell death. We propose that IRF-1 may be implicated in macrophage pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of AS and ACS. Methods Patients with stable angina, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and clinical presentation of chest pain were enrolled. The expression of IRF-1 in human PBMC-derived macrophages was analyzed. Then, overexpression and inhibition of IRF-1 was performed in macrophages from patients with ACS to explore the possible role and mechanism of IRF-1 involvement in macrophage pyroptosis. Results The expression of IRF-1 in macrophages was upregulated in ACS patients. The overexpression or inhibition of IRF-1 effectively modulated caspase-1 activation, as well as macrophage lysis, expression of gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N), production of IL-1β and IL-18, and activation of NLRP3-ASC inflammasome, which were all inhibited by caspase-1 inhibitor. Further experiments revealed that pyroptosis and the downstream inflammatory response in AS induced by IRF-1 is a process that is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Conclusion Our observations suggest that IRF-1 potently activates ox-LDL-induced macrophage pyroptosis and may play an important role in AS and ACS.
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22
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Venosa A, Smith LC, Murray A, Banota T, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Regulation of Macrophage Foam Cell Formation During Nitrogen Mustard (NM)-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Lung Lipids. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:344-358. [PMID: 31428777 PMCID: PMC6876262 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a vesicant known to target the lung, causing acute injury which progresses to fibrosis. Evidence suggests that activated macrophages contribute to the pathologic response to NM. In these studies, we analyzed the role of lung lipids generated following NM exposure on macrophage activation and phenotype. Treatment of rats with NM (0.125 mg/kg, i.t.) resulted in a time-related increase in enlarged vacuolated macrophages in the lung. At 28 days postexposure, macrophages stained positively for Oil Red O, a marker of neutral lipids. This was correlated with an accumulation of oxidized phospholipids in lung macrophages and epithelial cells and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) phospholipids and cholesterol. RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that lipid handling pathways under the control of the transcription factors liver-X receptor (LXR), farnesoid-X receptor (FXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-ɣ, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) were significantly altered following NM exposure. Whereas at 1-3 days post NM, FXR and the downstream oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, Cd36, were increased, Lxr and the lipid efflux transporters, Abca1 and Abcg1, were reduced. Treatment of naïve lung macrophages with phospholipid and cholesterol enriched large aggregate fractions of BAL prepared 3 days after NM exposure resulted in upregulation of Nos2 and Ptgs2, markers of proinflammatory activation, whereas large aggregate fractions prepared 28 days post NM upregulated expression of the anti-inflammatory markers, Il10, Cd163, and Cx3cr1, and induced the formation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages. These data suggest that NM-induced alterations in lipid handling and metabolism drive macrophage foam cell formation, potentially contributing to the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Ley Cody Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Alexa Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Tanvi Banota
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
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Wu WQ, Peng S, Wan XQ, Lin S, Li LY, Song ZY. Physical exercise inhibits atherosclerosis development by regulating the expression of neuropeptide Y in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Life Sci 2019; 237:116896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Histone Acetyltransferase-Dependent Pathways Mediate Upregulation of NADPH Oxidase 5 in Human Macrophages under Inflammatory Conditions: A Potential Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species Overproduction in Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3201062. [PMID: 31565149 PMCID: PMC6745143 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays a major role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Monocyte-derived macrophages express functional NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5) that contributes to oxidative stress in atherogenesis. The mechanisms of Nox5 regulation are not entirely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of key histone acetyltransferase subtypes (p300, HAT1) in human atherosclerosis and to determine their role in mediating the upregulation of Nox5 in macrophages under inflammatory conditions. Human nonatherosclerotic and atherosclerotic tissue samples were collected in order to determine the expression of p300 and HAT1 isoforms, H3K27ac, and Nox5. In vitro determinations were done on human macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide in the absence or presence of histone acetyltransferase inhibitors. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, transfection, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed. The protein levels of p300 and HAT1 isoforms, H3K27ac, and Nox5 were found significantly elevated in human atherosclerotic specimens. Immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence staining revealed that p300, HAT1, H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and Nox5 proteins were colocalized in the area of CD45+/CD68+ immune cells and lipid-rich deposits within human atherosclerotic plaques. Lipopolysaccharide induced the levels of HAT1, H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and Nox5 and the recruitment of p300 and HAT1 at the sites of active transcription within Nox5 gene promoter in cultured human macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of histone acetyltransferase significantly reduced the Nox5 gene and protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-challenged macrophages. The overexpression of p300 or HAT1 enhanced the Nox5 gene promoter activity. The histone acetyltransferase system is altered in human atherosclerosis. Under inflammatory conditions, HAT subtypes control Nox5 overexpression in cultured human macrophages. The data suggest the existence of a new epigenetic mechanism underlying oxidative stress in atherosclerosis.
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Fucoidan and galactooligosaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet–induced dyslipidemia in rats by modulating the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Nutrition 2019; 65:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim HG, Yang WS, Hong YH, Kweon DH, Lee J, Kim S, Cho JY. Anti-inflammatory functions of the CDC25 phosphatase inhibitor BN82002 via targeting AKT2. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:216-227. [PMID: 30980807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study presents BN82002 as an anti-inflammatory drug candidate. It was found that BN82002 inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages that were activated by toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BN82002 dose-dependently down-regulated mRNA levels of nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65 and p50) was also blocked by BN82002 in RAW265.7 cells stimulated by LPS. According to reporter gene assay performed with NF-κB construct, BN82002 clearly reduced increased level of luciferase activity mediated by transcription factor NF-κB in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and in MyD88- and AKT2-overexpressing HEK293 cells. However, BN82002 did not inhibit NF-κB activity in AKT1- or IKKβ-overexpressing HEK293 cells. NF-κB upstream signaling events specifically targeted AKT2 but had no effect on AKT1. The specific target of BN82002 was Tyr-178 in AKT2. BN82002 bound to Tyr-178 and interrupted the kinase activity of AKT2, according to a cellular thermal shift assay analysis of the interaction of BN82002 with AKT2 and an AKT2 mutant (Tyr-178 mutated to Ala; AKT2 Y178A). These results suggest that BN82002 could reduce inflammatory pathway by controlling NF-κB pathway and specifically targeting AKT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Yang C, Lu M, Chen W, He Z, Hou X, Feng M, Zhang H, Bo T, Zhou X, Yu Y, Zhang H, Zhao M, Wang L, Yu C, Gao L, Jiang W, Zhang Q, Zhao J. Thyrotropin aggravates atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage inflammation in plaques. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1182-1198. [PMID: 30940720 PMCID: PMC6504213 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased cardiovascular risk in subclinical hypothyroidism has traditionally been attributed to the associated metabolic disorders. This paper, however, revealed that TSH can aggravate atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage inflammation in the plaque, which deepens our understanding of the significance of TSH elevation in subclinical hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with cardiovascular diseases, yet the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Herein, in a common population (n = 1,103), TSH level was found to be independently correlated with both carotid plaque prevalence and intima-media thickness. Consistently, TSH receptor ablation in ApoE−/− mice attenuated atherogenesis, accompanied by decreased vascular inflammation and macrophage burden in atherosclerotic plaques. These results were also observed in myeloid-specific Tshr-deficient ApoE−/− mice, which indicated macrophages to be a critical target of the proinflammatory and atherogenic effects of TSH. In vitro experiments further revealed that TSH activated MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38α, and JNK) and IκB/p65 pathways in macrophages and increased inflammatory cytokine production and their recruitment of monocytes. Thus, the present study has elucidated the new mechanisms by which TSH, as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, aggravates vascular inflammation and contributes to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Sonography, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Laicheng Wang
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjian Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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28
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Curtale G, Renzi TA, Mirolo M, Drufuca L, Albanese M, De Luca M, Rossato M, Bazzoni F, Locati M. Multi-Step Regulation of the TLR4 Pathway by the miR-125a~99b~let-7e Cluster. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2037. [PMID: 30245693 PMCID: PMC6137199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate immune response requires a tight balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. IL-10 is induced at late time-points during acute inflammatory conditions triggered by TLR-dependent recognition of infectious agents and is involved in setting this balance, operating as a negative regulator of the TLR-dependent signaling pathway. We identified miR-125a~99b~let-7e as an evolutionary conserved microRNA cluster late-induced in human monocytes exposed to the TLR4 agonist LPS as an effect of this IL-10-dependent regulatory loop. We demonstrated that microRNAs generated by this cluster perform a pervasive regulation of the TLR signaling pathway by direct targeting receptors (TLR4, CD14), signaling molecules (IRAK1), and effector cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, CCL3, CCL7, CXCL8). Modulation of miR-125a~99b~let-7e cluster influenced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS and the IL-10-mediated tolerance to LPS, thus identifying this gene as a previously unrecognized major regulatory element of the inflammatory response and endotoxin tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Curtale
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Tiziana A Renzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mirolo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drufuca
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Manuel Albanese
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina De Luca
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Bazzoni
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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29
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Li W, Huang H, Li L, Wang L, Li Y, Wang Y, Guo S, Li L, Wang D, He Y, Chen L. The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis Based on Human Signaling Networks and Stem Cell Expression Data. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1678-1685. [PMID: 30416382 PMCID: PMC6216023 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common and complex disease, whose morbidity increased significantly. Here, an integrated approach was proposed to elucidate systematically the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis from a systems biology point of view. Two weighted human signaling networks were constructed based on atherosclerosis related gene expression data of stem cells. Then, 37 candidate Atherosclerosis-risk Modules were detected using four kinds of permutation tests. Five Atherosclerosis-risk Modules (three Absent Modules and two Emerging Modules) enriched in functions significantly associated with disease genes were identified and verified to be associated with the maintenance of normal biological process and the pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis. Especially for Atherosclerosis-risk Emerging Module P96, it could distinguish between normal and disease samples by Supporting Vector Machine with the average expression value of the module as classification feature. These identified modules and their genes may act as potential atherosclerosis biomarkers. Our study would shed light on the signal transduction of atherosclerosis, and provide new insights to its pathogenesis from the perspective of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Dean's Office, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liansheng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Donghua Wang
- Department of general surgery, General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Bureau, 150088, Harbin, China
| | - Yuehan He
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Zhan TW, Tian YX, Wang Q, Wu ZX, Zhang WP, Lu YB, Wu M. Cangrelor alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting GPR17-mediated inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:261-269. [PMID: 30036769 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and intractable lung disease. Macrophages play a critical role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Cangrelor, an anti-platelet agent, is also a non-selective Gprotein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) antagonist. GPR17 mediates microglial inflammation in the chronic phase of cerebral ischemia and regulates allergic pulmonary inflammation. In this study, we observed the effects of cangrelor on bleomycin (BLM)-induced macrophage cellular inflammation and BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6J mice. We found that BLM significantly increased GPR17 expression, the mRNA synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β1 in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Knockdown of GPR17 attenuated the BLM-induced inflammatory responses. Cangrelor (2.5 μM-10 μM) significantly alleviated BLM-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in concentration-dependent manner. In BLM-induced fibrotic mouse lungs, GPR17 expression and GPR17-positive macrophages were increased. Cangrelor (2.5 mg/kg-10 mg/kg) alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in dose-dependent manner. Cangrelor not only reduced the number of GPR17-positive macrophages, but also decreased BLM-induced mRNA synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokine. As such, we concluded that cangrelor alleviates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing GPR17-mediated inflammation. Cangrelor could be a potential therapeutic drug for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Wei Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yu-Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yun-Bi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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31
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Xu YJ, Zheng L, Hu YW, Wang Q. Pyroptosis and its relationship to atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bentzon JF, Daemen M, Falk E, Garcia-Garcia HM, Herrmann J, Hoefer I, Jukema JW, Krams R, Kwak BR, Marx N, Naruszewicz M, Newby A, Pasterkamp G, Serruys PWJC, Waltenberger J, Weber C, Tokgözoglu L, Ylä-Herttuala S. Stabilisation of atherosclerotic plaques. Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:1-19. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-12-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SummaryPlaque rupture and subsequent thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery account for as many as three quarters of myocardial infarctions. The concept of plaque stabilisation emerged about 20 years ago to explain the discrepancy between the reduction of cardiovascular events in patients receiving lipid lowering therapy and the small decrease seen in angiographic evaluation of atherosclerosis. Since then, the concept of a vulnerable plaque has received a lot of attention in basic and clinical research leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the vulnerable plaque and acute coronary syndromes. From pathological and clinical observations, plaques that have recently ruptured have thin fibrous caps, large lipid cores, exhibit outward remodelling and invasion by vasa vasorum. Ruptured plaques are also focally inflamed and this may be a common denominator of the other pathological features. Plaques with similar characteristics, but which have not yet ruptured, are believed to be vulnerable to rupture. Experimental studies strongly support the validity of anti-inflammatory approaches to promote plaque stability. Unfortunately, reliable non-invasive methods for imaging and detection of such plaques are not yet readily available. There is a strong biological basis and supportive clinical evidence that low-density lipoprotein lowering with statins is useful for the stabilisation of vulnerable plaques. There is also some clinical evidence for the usefulness of antiplatelet agents, beta blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors for plaque stabilisation. Determining the causes of plaque rupture and designing diagnostics and interventions to prevent them are urgent priorities for current basic and clinical research in cardiovascular area.
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Couchie D, Vaisman B, Abderrazak A, Mahmood DFD, Hamza MM, Canesi F, Diderot V, El Hadri K, Nègre-Salvayre A, Le Page A, Fulop T, Remaley AT, Rouis M. Human Plasma Thioredoxin-80 Increases With Age and in ApoE -/- Mice Induces Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2017; 136:464-475. [PMID: 28473446 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.027612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin (TRX)-1, a ubiquitous 12-kDa protein, exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In contrast, the truncated form, called TRX80, produced by macrophages induces upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. TRX80 also promotes the differentiation of mouse peritoneal and human macrophages toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype. METHODS TRX1 and TRX80 plasma levels were determined with a specific ELISA. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM)-10, ADAM-17, and ADAM-10 activities were measured with SensoLyte 520 ADAM10 Activity Assay Kit, Fluorimetric, and InnoZyme TACE Activity Kit, respectively. Western immunoblots were performed with specific antibodies to ADAM-10 or ADAM-17. Angiogenesis study was evaluated in vitro with human microvascular endothelial cells-1 and in vivo with the Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay in mice. The expression of macrophage phenotype markers was investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Phosphorylation of Akt, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and 70S6K was determined with specific antibodies. The effect of TRX80 on NLRP3 inflammasome activity was evaluated by measuring the level of interleukin-1β and -18 in the supernatants of activated macrophages with ELISA. Hearts were used for lesion surface evaluation and immunohistochemical studies, and whole descending aorta were stained with Oil Red O. For transgenic mice generation, the human scavenger receptor (SR-A) promoter/enhancer was used to drive macrophage-specific expression of human TRX80 in mice. RESULTS In this study, we observed a significant increase of plasma levels of TRX80 in old subjects compared with healthy young subjects. In parallel, an increase in expression and activity of ADAM-10 and ADAM-17 in old peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with those of young subjects was observed. Furthermore, TRX80 was found to colocalize with tumor necrosis factor-α, a macrophage M1 marker, in human atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, TRX80 induced the expression of murine M1 macrophage markers through Akt2/mechanistic target of rapamycin-C1/70S6K pathway and activated the inflammasome NLRP3, leading to the release of interleukin-1β and -18, potent atherogenic cytokines. Moreover, TRX80 exerts a powerful angiogenic effect in both in vitro and in vivo mouse studies. Finally, transgenic mice that overexpress human TRX80 specifically in macrophages of apoE-/- mice have a significant increase of aortic atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS TRX80 showed an age-dependent increase in human plasma. In mouse models, TRX80 was associated with a proinflammatory status and increased atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Couchie
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Boris Vaisman
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Amna Abderrazak
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Dler Faieeq Darweesh Mahmood
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Magda M Hamza
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Fanny Canesi
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Vimala Diderot
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Khadija El Hadri
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Aurélie Le Page
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Tamas Fulop
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Alan T Remaley
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Mustapha Rouis
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.).
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34
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Bowman JD, Surani S, Horseman MA. Endotoxin, Toll-like Receptor-4, and Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2017; 13:86-93. [PMID: 27586023 PMCID: PMC5452150 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160901145313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constituent of the outer membrane of most gram negative bacteria. Ubiquitous in the environment, it has been implicated as a cause or con-tributing factor in several disparate disorders from sepsis to heatstroke and Type II diabetes mellitus. Starting at birth, the innate immune system develops cellular defense mechanisms against environmen-tal microbes that are in part modulated through a series of receptors known as toll-like receptors. Endo-toxin, often referred to as LPS, binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) complexes on various tissues including cells of the innate immune system, smooth muscle and endothelial cells of blood vessels including coronary arteries, and adipose tissue. Entry of LPS into the systemic circulation ultimately leads to intracellular transcription of several inflammatory mediators. The subsequent inflammation has been implicated in the development and progression atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease and heart failure. Objective: The potential roles of endotoxin and TLR4 are reviewed regarding their role in the pathogen-esis of atherosclerotic heart disease. Conclusion: Atherosclerosis is initiated by inflammation in arterial endothelial and subendothelial cells, and inflammatory processes are implicated in its progression to clinical heart disease. Endotoxin and TLR4 play a central role in the inflammatory process, and represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Therapy with HMG-CoA inhibitors may reduce the expression of TLR4 on monocytes. Other therapeutic interventions targeting TLR4 expression or function may prove beneficial in athero-sclerotic disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Bowman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael A Horseman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, United States
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35
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Zhang Y, Rao E, Zeng J, Hao J, Sun Y, Liu S, Sauter ER, Bernlohr DA, Cleary MP, Suttles J, Li B. Adipose Fatty Acid Binding Protein Promotes Saturated Fatty Acid-Induced Macrophage Cell Death through Enhancing Ceramide Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:798-807. [PMID: 27920274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in obesity-associated chronic inflammation and disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of macrophages to elevated fatty acids (FAs) and their contribution to metabolic inflammation in obesity remain to be fully elucidated. In this article, we report a new mechanism by which dietary FAs, in particular, saturated FAs (sFAs), are able to directly trigger macrophage cell death. We demonstrated that excess sFAs, but not unsaturated FAs, induced the production of cytotoxic ceramides (Cers) in macrophage cell lines. Most importantly, expression of adipose FA binding protein (A-FABP) in macrophages facilitated metabolism of excess sFAs for Cer synthesis. Inhibition or deficiency of A-FABP in macrophage cell lines decreased sFA-induced Cer production, thereby resulting in reduced cell death. Furthermore, we validated the role of A-FABP in promoting sFA-induced macrophage cell death with primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Altogether, our data reveal that excess dietary sFAs may serve as direct triggers in induction of Cer production and macrophage cell death through elevated expression of A-FABP, thus establishing A-FABP as a new molecular sensor in triggering macrophage-associated sterile inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Enyu Rao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Yanwen Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Shujun Liu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912
| | - Edward R Sauter
- Hartford Healthcare Cancer Institute, Hartford, CT 06103; and
| | - David A Bernlohr
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912
| | - Jill Suttles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202;
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36
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Rasulov MM, Abzaeva KA, Yakhkind MI, Zhigacheva IV, Nikolaeva IS, Rasulov RM, Voronkov MG. Complex of tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine and zinc bis(2-methylphenoxyacetate) as inhibitor of acid cholesterol esterase synthesis in blood platelets and mononuclear cells. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Goo YH, Son SH, Yechoor VK, Paul A. Transcriptional Profiling of Foam Cells Reveals Induction of Guanylate-Binding Proteins Following Western Diet Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in the Absence of Global Changes in Inflammation. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002663. [PMID: 27091181 PMCID: PMC4859273 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Foam cells are central to two major pathogenic processes in atherogenesis: cholesterol buildup in arteries and inflammation. The main underlying cause of cholesterol deposition in arteries is hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to assess, in vivo, whether elevated plasma cholesterol also alters the inflammatory balance of foam cells. Methods and Results Apolipoprotein E–deficient mice were fed regular mouse chow through the study or were switched to a Western‐type diet (WD) 2 or 14 weeks before death. Consecutive sections of the aortic sinus were used for lesion quantification or to isolate RNA from foam cells by laser‐capture microdissection (LCM) for microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. WD feeding for 2 or 14 weeks significantly increased plasma cholesterol, but the size of atherosclerotic lesions increased only in the 14‐week WD group. Expression of more genes was affected in foam cells of mice under prolonged hypercholesterolemia than in mice fed WD for 2 weeks. However, most transcripts coding for inflammatory mediators remained unchanged in both WD groups. Among the main players in inflammatory or immune responses, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 13 was induced in foam cells of mice under WD for 2 weeks. The interferon‐inducible GTPases, guanylate‐binding proteins (GBP)3 and GBP6, were induced in the 14‐week WD group, and other GBP family members were moderately increased. Conclusions Our results indicate that acceleration of atherosclerosis by hypercholesterolemia is not linked to global changes in the inflammatory balance of foam cells. However, induction of GBPs uncovers a novel family of immune modulators with a potential role in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Goo
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Se-Hee Son
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Vijay K Yechoor
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Antoni Paul
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
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38
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Gray SP, Di Marco E, Kennedy K, Chew P, Okabe J, El-Osta A, Calkin AC, Biessen EA, Touyz RM, Cooper ME, Schmidt HH, Jandeleit-Dahm KA. Reactive Oxygen Species Can Provide Atheroprotection via NOX4-Dependent Inhibition of Inflammation and Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:295-307. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Oxidative stress is considered a hallmark of atherosclerosis. In particular, the superoxide-generating type 1 NADPH oxidase (NOX1) has been shown to be induced and play a pivotal role in early phases of mouse models of atherosclerosis and in the context of diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the role of the most abundant type 4 isoform (NOX4) in human and mouse advanced atherosclerosis.
Approach and Results—
Plaques of patients with cardiovascular events or established diabetes mellitus showed a surprising reduction in expression of the most abundant but hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
)-generating type 4 isoform (Nox4), whereas Nox1 mRNA was elevated, when compared with respective controls. As these data suggested that NOX4-derived reactive oxygen species may convey a surprisingly protective effect during plaque progression, we examined a mouse model of accelerated and advanced diabetic atherosclerosis, the streptozotocin-treated
ApoE
−/−
mouse, with (
NOX4
−/−
) and without genetic deletion of Nox4. Similar to the human data, advanced versus early plaques of wild-type mice showed reduced Nox4 mRNA expression. Consistent with a rather protective role of NOX4-derived reactive oxygen species,
NOX4
−/−
mice showed increased atherosclerosis when compared with wild-type mice. Deleting NOX4 was associated with reduced H
2
O
2
forming activity and attenuation of the proinflammatory markers, monocyte chemotratic protein-1, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as vascular macrophage accumulation. Furthermore, there was a greater accumulation of fibrillar collagen fibres within the vascular wall and plaque in diabetic
Nox4
−/−
ApoE
−/−
mice, indicative of plaque remodeling. These data could be replicated in human aortic endothelial cells in vitro, where Nox4 overexpression increased H
2
O
2
and reduced the expression of pro-oxidants and profibrotic markers. Interestingly, Nox4 levels inversely correlated with Nox2 gene and protein levels. Although NOX2 is not constitutively active unlike NOX4 and forms rather superoxide, this opens up the possibility that at least some effects of NOX4 deletion are mediated by NOX2 activation.
Conclusions—
Thus, the appearance of reactive oxygen species in atherosclerosis is apparently not always a nondesirable oxidative stress, but can also have protective effects. Both in humans and in mouse, the H
2
O
2
-forming NOX4, unlike the superoxide-forming NOX1, can act as a negative modulator of inflammation and remodeling and convey atheroprotection. These results have implications on how to judge reactive oxygen species formation in cardiovascular disease and need to be considered in the development of NOX inhibitory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Gray
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Elyse Di Marco
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Kit Kennedy
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Phyllis Chew
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Jun Okabe
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Assam El-Osta
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Anna C. Calkin
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Erik A.L. Biessen
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Harald H.H.W. Schmidt
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
| | - Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- From the Diabetic Complications Laboratory (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.K., P.C., M.E.C., K.A.M.J.-D.), Epigenetics Laboratory (J.O., A.E.-O.), and Diabetes and Dyslipidaemia Group (A.C.C.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., K.A.M.J.-D.); Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.A.L.B.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of
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Zheng L, Wu T, Zeng C, Li X, Li X, Wen D, Ji T, Lan T, Xing L, Li J, He X, Wang L. SAP deficiency mitigated atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice. Atherosclerosis 2016; 244:179-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Fucofuroeckol-A fromEisenia bicyclisInhibits Inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Macrophages via Downregulation of the MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/6509212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucofuroeckol-A (FF) isolated from an edible perennial brown seaweedEisenia bicycliswas shown to be potent anti-inflammatory agents. FF suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 dose dependently in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cytometric bead array assay demonstrated that FF significantly reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and that of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Moreover, FF reduced the activation of nuclear factorκB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These results strongly suggest that the inhibitory effects of fucofuroeckol-A fromE. bicyclison LPS-induced NO and PGE2production might be due to the suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway.
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York AG, Williams KJ, Argus JP, Zhou QD, Brar G, Vergnes L, Gray EE, Zhen A, Wu NC, Yamada DH, Cunningham CR, Tarling EJ, Wilks MQ, Casero D, Gray DH, Yu AK, Wang ES, Brooks DG, Sun R, Kitchen SG, Wu TT, Reue K, Stetson DB, Bensinger SJ. Limiting Cholesterol Biosynthetic Flux Spontaneously Engages Type I IFN Signaling. Cell 2015; 163:1716-29. [PMID: 26686653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellular lipid requirements are achieved through a combination of biosynthesis and import programs. Using isotope tracer analysis, we show that type I interferon (IFN) signaling shifts the balance of these programs by decreasing synthesis and increasing import of cholesterol and long chain fatty acids. Genetically enforcing this metabolic shift in macrophages is sufficient to render mice resistant to viral challenge, demonstrating the importance of reprogramming the balance of these two metabolic pathways in vivo. Unexpectedly, mechanistic studies reveal that limiting flux through the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway spontaneously engages a type I IFN response in a STING-dependent manner. The upregulation of type I IFNs was traced to a decrease in the pool size of synthesized cholesterol and could be inhibited by replenishing cells with free cholesterol. Taken together, these studies delineate a metabolic-inflammatory circuit that links perturbations in cholesterol biosynthesis with activation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn G York
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin J Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph P Argus
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Quan D Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gurpreet Brar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Gray
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Box 358059, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Douglas H Yamada
- Immuno-Oncology Discovery Research; Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Cameron R Cunningham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Moses Q Wilks
- Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David Casero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David H Gray
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amy K Yu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric S Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Immune Therapy Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott G Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel B Stetson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Box 358059, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
At present, patients with carotid disease are selected for invasive recanalization therapies mainly based on the degree of luminal narrowing and the presence or absence of recent ischemic symptoms. A more sophisticated risk model takes into account other clinical variables, such as age, sex, and the type of recent symptoms, as well as presence of ulcerated plaque. A growing body of evidence shows that noninvasive imaging of the carotid plaque by various methods reliably identifies structural correlates of plaque vulnerability, which are associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo H Bonati
- Stroke Center, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland.
| | - Paul J Nederkoorn
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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Tsukahara T, Tsukahara R, Haniu H, Matsuda Y, Murakami-Murofushi K. Cyclic phosphatidic acid inhibits the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor from diabetic human coronary artery endothelial cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:320-9. [PMID: 26007326 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by building up plaques formation and leads to a potentially serious condition in which arteries are clogged by fatty substances such as cholesterol. Increasing evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is accelerated in type 2 diabetes. Recent study reported that high level of alkyl glycerophosphate (AGP) was accumulated in atherosclerotic lesions. The presence of this phospholipid in mildly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is likely to be involved in atherogenesis. It has been reported that the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma plays a key role in developing atherosclerosis. Our previous result indicates that cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), one of bioactive lipids, potently suppresses neointima formation by inhibiting the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). However, the detailed mechanism is still unclear. In this study, to elucidate the mechanism of the cPA-PPARγ axis in the coronary artery endothelium, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes, we investigated the proliferation, migration, and secretion of VEGF in human coronary artery endothelial cells from diabetes patients (D-HCAECs). AGP induced cell growth and migration; however, cPA suppressed the AGP-elicited growth and migration in D-HCAECs. Moreover, AGP increased VEGF secretion from D-HCAECs, and this event was attenuated by cPA. Taken together, these results suggest that cPA suppresses VEGF-stimulated growth and migration in D-HCAECs. These findings could be important for regulatory roles of PPARγ and VEGF in the vascular processes associated with diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Tsukahara
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Science and Education Center, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-861, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institue for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
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Sun M, Tian X, Liu Y, Zhu N, Li Y, Yang G, Peng C, Yan C, Han Y. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes inhibits inflammation to decrease atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 86:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fond AM, Lee CS, Schulman IG, Kiss RS, Ravichandran KS. Apoptotic cells trigger a membrane-initiated pathway to increase ABCA1. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2748-58. [PMID: 26075824 DOI: 10.1172/jci80300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages clear millions of apoptotic cells daily and, during this process, take up large quantities of cholesterol. The membrane transporter ABCA1 is a key player in cholesterol efflux from macrophages and has been shown via human genetic studies to provide protection against cardiovascular disease. How the apoptotic cell clearance process is linked to macrophage ABCA1 expression is not known. Here, we identified a plasma membrane-initiated signaling pathway that drives a rapid upregulation of ABCA1 mRNA and protein. This pathway involves the phagocytic receptor brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), which recognizes phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells, and the intracellular signaling intermediates engulfment cell motility 1 (ELMO1) and Rac1, as ABCA1 induction was attenuated in primary macrophages from mice lacking these molecules. Moreover, this apoptotic cell-initiated pathway functioned independently of the liver X receptor (LXR) sterol-sensing machinery that is known to regulate ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux. When placed on a high-fat diet, mice lacking BAI1 had increased numbers of apoptotic cells in their aortic roots, which correlated with altered lipid profiles. In contrast, macrophages from engineered mice with transgenic BAI1 overexpression showed greater ABCA1 induction in response to apoptotic cells compared with those from control animals. Collectively, these data identify a membrane-initiated pathway that is triggered by apoptotic cells to enhance ABCA1 within engulfing phagocytes and with functional consequences in vivo.
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46
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Liu Q, Li J, Liang Q, Wang D, Luo Y, Yu F, Janicki JS, Fan D. Sparstolonin B suppresses rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, inflammatory response and lipid accumulation. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 67-69:59-66. [PMID: 25869499 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a crucial role in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Sparstolonin B (SsnB) is a TLR2/TLR4 antagonist that inhibits inflammatory responses in multiple cell types. Herein, we investigated if SsnB inhibited VSMC proliferation, migration, inflammatory response and lipid accumulation. We found that SsnB suppressed VSMC proliferation and migration induced by PDGF. SsnB significantly suppressed the expression of MCP-1, TNFα and IL-6 in VSMCs stimulated by either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or PDGF. Erk1/2 and Akt signaling pathways, which are responsible for the VSMC inflammatory response, were activated by LPS or PDGF stimulation, and SsnB significantly inhibited their activation. SsnB also substantially suppressed the intracellular cholesterol accumulation in VSMCs loaded with acetylated LDL. Mechanistically, SsnB remarkably repressed LPS-induced up-regulation of CD36, which is responsible for lipid uptake, and dramatically reversed LPS-induced inhibition of ABCA1, which promotes the efflux of intracellular free cholesterol. In conclusion, our results indicate that SsnB significantly inhibits VSMC proliferation, migration, inflammatory responses and lipid accumulation. Along with the previously reported anti-inflammatory activities of SsnB on macrophages and vascular endothelial cells, our data strongly suggest that SsnB may be developed as a new anti-atherogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Qiaoli Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Joseph S Janicki
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States.
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Zimetti F, Adorni MP, Ronda N, Gatti R, Bernini F, Favari E. The natural compound berberine positively affects macrophage functions involved in atherogenesis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:195-201. [PMID: 25240689 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We investigated the effect of berberine (BBR), an alkaloid showing antiatherogenic properties beyond the cholesterol lowering capacity, on macrophage cholesterol handling upon exposure to human serum and on macrophage responses to excess free cholesterol (FC) loading. METHODS AND RESULTS Mouse and human macrophages were utilized as cellular models. Cholesterol content was measured by a fluorimetric assay; cholesterol efflux, cytotoxicity and membrane FC distribution were evaluated by radioisotopic assays. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion was measured by ELISA; membrane ruffling and macropinocytosis were visualized by confocal microscopy. Exposure of cholesterol-enriched MPM to serum in the presence of 1 μM BBR resulted in a reduction of intracellular cholesterol content twice greater than exposure to serum alone (-52%; p < 0.01 and -21%; p < 0.05), an effect not mediated by an increase of cholesterol efflux, but rather by the inhibition of cholesterol uptake from serum. Consistently, BBR inhibited in a dose-dependent manner cholesterol accumulation in human macrophages exposed to hypercholesterolemic serum. Confocal microscope analysis revealed that BBR inhibited macropinocytosis, an independent-receptor process involved in LDL internalization. Macrophage FC-enrichment increased MCP-1 release by 1.5 folds, increased cytotoxicity by 2 fold, and induced membrane ruffling; all these responses were markedly inhibited by BBR. FC-enrichment led to an increase in plasma membrane cholesterol by 4.5 folds, an effect counteracted by BBR. CONCLUSION We showed novel potentially atheroprotective activities of BBR in macrophages, consisting in the inhibition of serum-induced cholesterol accumulation, occurring at least in part through an impairment of macropinocytosis, and of FC-induced deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zimetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M P Adorni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - N Ronda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - R Gatti
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnology and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - F Bernini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - E Favari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Knorr M, Münzel T, Wenzel P. Interplay of NK cells and monocytes in vascular inflammation and myocardial infarction. Front Physiol 2014; 5:295. [PMID: 25177297 PMCID: PMC4132269 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory monocytes and macrophages have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, and myocardial infarction (MI). They become powerful mediators of vascular inflammation through their capacity to secrete and induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules and through the production of reactive oxygen species mainly via their NADPH oxidase. Importantly, a crosstalk exists between NK cells and monocytes that works via a feedforwad amplification loop of T-bet/Interferon-gamma/interleukin-12 signaling, that causes mutual activation of both NK cells and monocytes and that fosters recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation. Recently, we have discovered that this crosstalk is crucial for the unrestricted development of angiotensin II (ATII) induced vascular injury in arterial hypertension, the most important risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease worldwide. In this review, we will also discuss possible implications of this interplay between NK cells and monocytes for the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction and potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Knorr
- Department of Medicine 2 and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Medicine 2 and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Department of Medicine 2 and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Sannino A, Brevetti L, Giugliano G, Scudiero F, Toscano E, Mainolfi C, Cuocolo A, Perrino C, Stabile E, Trimarco B, Esposito G. Non-invasive vulnerable plaque imaging: how do we know that treatment works? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 15:1194-202. [PMID: 24876097 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder that can evolve into an acute clinical event by plaque development, rupture, and thrombosis. Plaque vulnerability represents the susceptibility of a plaque to rupture and to result in an acute cardiovascular event. Nevertheless, plaque vulnerability is not an established medical diagnosis, but rather an evolving concept that has gained attention to improve risk prediction. The availability of high-resolution imaging modalities has significantly facilitated the possibility of performing in vivo regression studies and documenting serial changes in plaque stability. This review summarizes the currently available non-invasive methods to identify vulnerable plaques and to evaluate the effects of the current cardiovascular treatments on plaque evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sannino
- Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Brevetti
- Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giugliano
- Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fernando Scudiero
- Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Evelina Toscano
- Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Mainolfi
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Stabile
- Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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50
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Sergin I, Razani B. Self-eating in the plaque: what macrophage autophagy reveals about atherosclerosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:225-34. [PMID: 24746519 PMCID: PMC4061377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy (or 'self-eating') is the process by which cellular contents are recycled to support downstream metabolism. An explosion in research in the past decade has implicated its role in both health and disease and established the importance of the autophagic response during periods of stress and nutrient deprivation. Atherosclerosis is a state where chronic exposure to cellular stressors promotes disease progression, and alterations in autophagy are predicted to be consequential. Recent reports linking macrophage autophagy to lipid metabolism, blunted inflammatory signaling, and an overall suppression of proatherogenic processes support this notion. We review these data and provide a framework for understanding the role of macrophage autophagy in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, one of the most formidable diseases of our time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sergin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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