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Rosenstock M, Tseng L, Pierce A, Offman E, Chen CY, Charlton RW, Margalit M, Mansbach H. The Novel GlycoPEGylated FGF21 Analog Pegozafermin Activates Human FGF Receptors and Improves Metabolic and Liver Outcomes in Diabetic Monkeys and Healthy Human Volunteers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:204-213. [PMID: 37562970 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pegozafermin (also known as BIO89-100) is a glycoPEGylated analog of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) under development to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and severe hypertriglyceridemia (SHTG). In cell-based assays, pegozafermin had a similar receptor engagement profile as recombinant FGF21, with approximately eightfold higher potency at fibroblast growth factor receptor 1c (FGFR1c). In diabetic monkeys, once-weekly and once-every-2-weeks regimens of subcutaneous pegozafermin provided rapid and robust benefits for an array of metabolic biomarkers, including triglycerides, cholesterol, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, adiponectin, alanine aminotransferase, food intake, and body weight. In a single ascending dose study in healthy volunteers, subcutaneously administered pegozafermin was associated with statistically significant improvements in triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory adipokine. Pharmacokinetic half-lives ranged from 55 to 100 hours over the clinically relevant dose range, consistent with the expected half-life extension by glycoPEGylation. These findings provide evidence that pegozafermin is a promising candidate molecule for the treatment of patients with NASH or SHTG. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a stress-inducible hormone that has important roles in regulating energy balance and glucose and lipid homeostasis. Studies presented here demonstrate that a novel long-acting FGF21 analog, pegozafermin, has similar pharmacologic properties as FGF21 and that repeated, subcutaneous dosing of pegozafermin in diabetic monkeys and healthy humans improves lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, weight, and liver transaminases. These results support future development of pegozafermin for the treatment of metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and severe hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moti Rosenstock
- Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., Herzliya, Israel (M.R.); Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., San Francisco, California (L.T., A.P., C.-Y.C., R.W.C., M.M., H.M.); and Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey (E.O.)
| | - Leo Tseng
- Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., Herzliya, Israel (M.R.); Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., San Francisco, California (L.T., A.P., C.-Y.C., R.W.C., M.M., H.M.); and Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey (E.O.)
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., Herzliya, Israel (M.R.); Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., San Francisco, California (L.T., A.P., C.-Y.C., R.W.C., M.M., H.M.); and Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey (E.O.)
| | - Elliot Offman
- Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., Herzliya, Israel (M.R.); Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., San Francisco, California (L.T., A.P., C.-Y.C., R.W.C., M.M., H.M.); and Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey (E.O.)
| | - Chao-Yin Chen
- Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., Herzliya, Israel (M.R.); Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., San Francisco, California (L.T., A.P., C.-Y.C., R.W.C., M.M., H.M.); and Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey (E.O.)
| | - R Will Charlton
- Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., Herzliya, Israel (M.R.); Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., San Francisco, California (L.T., A.P., C.-Y.C., R.W.C., M.M., H.M.); and Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey (E.O.)
| | - Maya Margalit
- Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., Herzliya, Israel (M.R.); Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., San Francisco, California (L.T., A.P., C.-Y.C., R.W.C., M.M., H.M.); and Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey (E.O.)
| | - Hank Mansbach
- Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., Herzliya, Israel (M.R.); Preclinical and Clinical Development, 89bio, Inc., San Francisco, California (L.T., A.P., C.-Y.C., R.W.C., M.M., H.M.); and Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey (E.O.)
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Liqiang S, Fang-Hui L, Minghui Q, Haichun C. Threshold effect and sex characteristics of the relationship between chronic inflammation and BMI. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:175. [PMID: 37582770 PMCID: PMC10428651 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important pathway for obesity to harm health, the aggravation of chronic inflammation occurs without clinical symptoms. BMI is closely related to chronic inflammation, and it is a predictive factor of chronic inflammation, but the following questions remain unanswered: Are the effects of chronic inflammation on different BMI intervals consistent? Are the effects of BMI on chronic inflammation consistent between male and female? This study aimed to explore the threshold effect, and sex characteristics of the relationship between chronic inflammation and BMI. METHODS People with normal weight, overweight, and obesity were selected as subjects for cross-sectional study. BMI, hs-CRP, adiponectin and irisin was tested. Multiple regression analysis and generalized additive models were used to examine the association between hs-CRP and BMI. RESULTS 119 adults were recruited (normal weight: n = 30, 28.1 ± 7.65 years, BMI: 22.04 ± 1.55; overweight: n = 29, 27.45 ± 7.47 years, BMI: 26.11 ± 1.22; and obesity: n = 60, 28.82 ± 6.05 years, BMI: 33.68 ± 3.57). After adjusting for age and sex, BMI was found to be positively associated with the chronic inflammatory marker hs-CRP (β = 0.45; P < 0.001), which had a threshold effect on hs-CRP. Positive correlation with hs-CRP was observed for BMI of > 24.6 (β = 0.54; P < 0.001) but not for BMI of 18.5-25.4 (β = -0.02; P > 0.05). The pro-inflammatory effect caused by BMI increase in female (β = 0.56; P < 0.001) was higher than that in male (β = 0.38; P < 0.001). When BMI was greater than 33, a positive correlation with hs-CRP was observed in female (β = 0.97; P < 0.001) but not in male (β = 0.14; P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BMI has a threshold effect on chronic inflammation, BMI greater than 24.3 is positively correlated with hs-CRP. BMI in 18.5-24.3 is not correlated with hs-CRP. Furthermore, when the BMI greater than 33, hs-CRP is not positively correlated with BMI in male, whereas the pro-inflammatory effect of BMI increase becomes greater in female. HIGHLIGHTS • BMI has a threshold effect on chronic inflammation. BMI in 18.5-24.3 is not correlated with chronic inflammation, and BMI greater than 24.3 is positively correlated with chronic inflammation. • The pro-inflammatory effect caused by BMI increase in female is higher than that in male. In particular, when the BMI is greater than 33, chronic inflammation is not positively correlated with BMI in male, whereas the pro-inflammatory effect of BMI increase becomes greater in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liqiang
- Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Fang-Hui
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Minghui
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Haichun
- Key Laboratory of Kinesiological Evaluation General Administration of Sport of China, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
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Itabe H, Obama T. The Oxidized Lipoproteins In Vivo: Its Diversity and Behavior in the Human Circulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065747. [PMID: 36982815 PMCID: PMC10053446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A high concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in circulation has been well-known as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The presence of oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) in atherosclerotic lesions and circulation was demonstrated using anti-oxLDL monoclonal antibodies. The so-called “oxLDL hypothesis”, as a mechanism for atherosclerosis development, has been attracting attention for decades. However, the oxLDL has been considered a hypothetical particle since the oxLDL present in vivo has not been fully characterized. Several chemically modified LDLs have been proposed to mimic oxLDLs. Some of the subfractions of LDL, especially Lp(a) and electronegative LDL, have been characterized as oxLDL candidates as oxidized phospholipids that stimulate vascular cells. Oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) and oxLDL were discovered immunologically in vivo. Recently, an oxLDL-oxHDL complex was found in human plasma, suggesting the involvement of HDLs in the oxidative modification of lipoproteins in vivo. In this review, we summarize our understanding of oxidized lipoproteins and propose a novel standpoint to understand the oxidized lipoproteins present in vivo.
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Zocchi M, Della Porta M, Lombardoni F, Scrimieri R, Zuccotti GV, Maier JA, Cazzola R. A Potential Interplay between HDLs and Adiponectin in Promoting Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061344. [PMID: 35740366 PMCID: PMC9220412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic public health problem that has progressively worsened in recent decades and is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) in metabolic tissues and an increased risk of several diseases. In particular, LGCI alters metabolism and increases cardiovascular risk by impairing endothelial function and altering the functions of adiponectin and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Adiponectin is an adipokine involved in regulating energy metabolism and body composition. Serum adiponectin levels are reduced in obese individuals and negatively correlate with chronic sub-clinical inflammatory markers. HDLs are a heterogeneous and complex class of lipoproteins that can be dysfunctional in obesity. Adiponectin and HDLs are strictly interdependent, and the maintenance of their interplay is essential for vascular function. Since such a complex network of interactions is still overlooked in clinical settings, this review aims to highlight the mechanisms involved in the impairment of the HDLs/adiponectin axis in obese patients to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases and activate preventive countermeasures. Here, we provide a narrative review of the role of LGCI in altering HDLs, adiponectin and endothelial functions in obesity to encourage new studies about their synergic effects on cardiovascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Federico Lombardoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Roberta Scrimieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang YQ, Fan S, Wang WQ, Lau WB, Dai JL, Zhang HF, Wang XM, Liu XG, Li R. Hyperlipidemic Plasma Molecules Bind and Inhibit Adiponectin Activity. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:947-954. [PMID: 35023319 PMCID: PMC9153844 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adiponectin is a potent vascular protective molecule. Recent findings have suggested adiponectin resistance during early diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible remain unidentified. Here, we took an unbiased approach to identify whether hyperlipidemic plasma molecules exist that bind and inhibit adiponectin function, contributing to adiponectin resistance and diabetic vascular injury. Methods Adult rats were randomly assigned to receive either a normal or a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks. Plasma was co‐immunoprecipitated with anti‐APN antibody and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The APN binding molecules and their effect upon APN biological activity were determined. Results As expected, the high‐fat‐diet increased plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein. Importantly, the circulating APN level was significantly increased at this time point. Mass spectrometry identified 18 proteins with increased APN binding in hyperlipidemic plasma, among which four proteins critical in lipid metabolism, including apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), APOA4, APOC1, and paraoxonase 1, were further investigated. Incubating recombinant APN with APOA1 markedly (P < 0.01), and incubating with APOC1 significantly (P < 0.05), inhibited APN activity as evidenced by the reduced AMPK activation in HUVECs. APOA4 and paraoxonase 1 incubation had no effect upon APN activity. Finally, plasma APOA1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in hyperlipidemic plasma compared with the control plasma. Conclusions It was demonstrated for the first time that increased APOA1 and APOC1 in hyperlipidemic plasma binds and inhibits APN activity. This result not only identifies a novel molecular mechanism responsible for adiponectin resistance during early stage diabetes, but also provides additional new insight into the diverse/controversial (protective and harmful) functions of high‐density lipoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sen Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Qing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jian-Li Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Teaching and Experiment Center, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Impact of oral lipid and glucose tolerance tests on the postprandial concentrations of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptl) 3 and 4. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1919-1929. [PMID: 34951653 PMCID: PMC9106616 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The postprandial regulation of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptls) and their expression in adipocytes is poorly characterized. Objective Circulating Angptl3 and 4 were analyzed in healthy individuals undergoing either an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT; n = 98) or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; n = 99). Venous blood was drawn after 0, 2, 4, and 6 h during OLTT and after 0, 1, and 2 h during OGTT. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters were assessed and concentrations of Angptls were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Angptl gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in murine adipose tissues and cellular fractions was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Angptl3 concentrations significantly decreased while Angptl4 levels continuously increased during OLTT. Both proteins remained unaffected during OGTT. Angptl3 and Angptl4 were expressed in murine subcutaneous and visceral AT with higher mRNA levels in mature adipocytes when compared to the stroma-vascular cell fraction. Both proteins were strongly induced during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and they were unresponsive to glucose in mature fat cells. Adipocyte Angptl3 (but not Angptl4) mRNA expression was inhibited by the polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas nine types of dietary fatty acids remained without any effect. Conclusions There is evidence of short-time regulation of Angptl3/4 levels upon metabolic stress. Angptl4 expression is high and Angptl3 expression is low in AT and restricted mainly to mature adipocytes without any differences concerning fat compartments. Whereas dietary fatty acids and glucose are without any effect, omega-3/-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibited Anptl3 expression in adipocytes.
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The potential pathophysiological role of altered lipid metabolism and electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:374-379. [PMID: 34678296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an umbrella term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. It is usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. Increasingly common around the world, this disease is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States, affecting about a quarter of the population. Recently, the designation of NAFLD as 'metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease' (MAFLD) has been a subject of current debate. In this context, 'insulin resistance' is the underlying common and basic pathophysiological mechanism of metabolic dysfunction due to its association with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and NAFLD. All these pathological conditions are among the metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, too. Also, due to the bidirectional causality between NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases, a liver-heart axis is suggested. Therefore, various factors such as insulin resistance as well as systemic inflammation, cytokines, oxidative stress, adipokines, hepatokines, genes and intestinal microbiota have been identified as possible pathogenic factors that play a role in the explanation of the complex NAFLD and cardiovascular risk relationship. Recent data and cumulative evidence show that electronegative low-density lipoprotein [LDL (-)/L5] cholesterol is a promising biomarker for complex organ interactions and diseases associated with liver-heart axis. In this mini review, we focus not only on recent data on NAFLD mechanisms, but also on the potential of the lipid mediator LDL (-)/L5 as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for liver-heart line diseases.
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Vural H, Akyol S. Electronegative LDL: Could it be a Potential Biomarker for Organ Interactions? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.29333/jcei/11271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Pauls SD, Rodway LR, Sidhu KK, Winter T, Sidhu N, Aukema HM, Zahradka P, Taylor CG. Oils Rich in α-Linolenic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid Have Distinct Effects on Plasma Oxylipin and Adiponectin Concentrations and on Monocyte Bioenergetics in Women with Obesity. J Nutr 2021; 151:3053-3066. [PMID: 34293124 PMCID: PMC8485902 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids, including DHA and α-linolenic acid (ALA), are proposed to improve metabolic health by reducing obesity-associated inflammation. Their effects are mediated in part by conversion to oxylipins. ALA is relatively understudied, and direct comparisons to other omega-3 fatty acids are limited. OBJECTIVES We compared the effects of equal doses of ALA and DHA on plasma oxylipins and markers of metabolic health in women with obesity. METHODS We carried out a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial where women aged 20-51 with a BMI of 30-51 kg/m2 were supplemented with 4 g/day of ALA or DHA for 4 weeks in the form of ALA-rich flaxseed oil or DHA-rich fish oil. The primary outcome, the plasma oxylipin profile, was assessed at Days 0 and 28 of each phase by HPLC-MS/MS. Plasma fatty acids, inflammatory markers, and the monocyte glucose metabolism were key secondary outcomes. Data were analyzed using a mixed model. RESULTS Compared to the baseline visit, there were higher plasma levels of nearly all oxylipins derived from DHA (3.8-fold overall; P < 0.001) and EPA (2.7-fold overall; P < 0.05) after 28 days of fish-oil supplementation, while there were no changes to oxylipins after flaxseed-oil supplementation. Neither supplement altered plasma cytokines; however, adiponectin was increased (1.1-fold; P < 0.05) at the end of the fish-oil phase. Compared to the baseline visit, 28 days of flaxseed-oil supplementation reduced ATP-linked oxygen consumption (0.75-fold; P < 0.05) and increased spare respiratory capacity (1.4-fold; P < 0.05) in monocytes, and countered the shift in oxygen consumption induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS Flaxseed oil and fish oil each had unique effects on metabolic parameters in women with obesity. The supplementation regimens were insufficient to reduce inflammatory markers but adequate to elicit increases in omega-3 oxylipins and adiponectin in response to fish oil and to alter monocyte bioenergetics in response to flaxseed oil. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03583281.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa R Rodway
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Karanbir K Sidhu
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nikhil Sidhu
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
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Sowka A, Dobrzyn P. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Adiponectin in Vascular Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061485. [PMID: 34204799 PMCID: PMC8231548 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of adipose tissue biology have demonstrated that adipose tissue should be considered as both passive, energy-storing tissue and an endocrine organ because of the secretion of adipose-specific factors, called adipokines. Adiponectin is a well-described homeostatic adipokine with metabolic properties. It regulates whole-body energy status through the induction of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Adiponectin also has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, making it an interesting subject of biomedical studies. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat depot that is conterminous to the vascular wall and acts on it in a paracrine manner through adipokine secretion. PVAT-derived adiponectin can act on the vascular wall through endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The present review describes adiponectin's structure, receptors, and main signaling pathways. We further discuss recent studies of the extent and nature of crosstalk between PVAT-derived adiponectin and endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, we argue whether adiponectin and its receptors may be considered putative therapeutic targets.
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