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Tao T, Gao Z, Fang C, Zhang J, Xu J, Yang H, Gong J. Enhancement of protein crystallization with the application of Taylor vortex and Poly(ionic liquid)s. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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2
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Iwakawa N, Morimoto D, Walinda E, Shirakawa M, Sugase K. Multiple-State Monitoring of SOD1 Amyloid Formation at Single-Residue Resolution by Rheo-NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10604-10613. [PMID: 34232041 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of protein aggregates or fibrils entails the conversion of soluble native protein monomers via multiple molecular states. No spectroscopic techniques have succeeded in capturing the transient molecular-scale events of fibrillation in situ. Here we report residue- and state-specific real-time monitoring of the fibrillation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related SOD1 by rheology NMR (Rheo-NMR) spectroscopy. Under moderately denaturing conditions, where NMR signals of folded and unfolded monomeric SOD1 are simultaneously observable, the cross-peak intensities of folded monomeric SOD1 decreased faster than those of the unfolded species, and a 310-helix in folded SOD1 was deformed prior to global unfolding. Furthermore, real-time protein dynamics analysis identified residues involved in the core structure formation of SOD1 oligomers. Our findings provide insight into local and global unfolding events in SOD1 and fibril formation. This Rheo-NMR analysis will be applicable not only to atomic-level monitoring of other amyloidogenic proteins but also to quantification of shear-induced structural changes of non-amyloidogenic proteins and elucidation of shear-enhanced chemical phenomena such as viscosity increase and crystallization of various solution-state compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Iwakawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daichi Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Erik Walinda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugase
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Goswami A, Singh JK. Homogeneous nucleation of sheared liquids: advances and insights from simulations and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15402-15419. [PMID: 34279013 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most ubiquitous and technologically important phenomena in nature is the nucleation of homogeneous flowing systems. The microscopic effects of shear on a nucleating system are still imperfectly understood, although in recent years a consistent picture has emerged. The opposing effects of shear can be split into two major contributions for simple atomic and molecular liquids: increase of the energetic cost of nucleation, and enhancement of the kinetics. In this perspective, we describe the latest computational and theoretical techniques which have been developed over the past two decades. We collate and unify the overarching influences of shear, temperature, and supersaturation on the process of homogeneous nucleation. Experimental techniques and capabilities are discussed, against the backdrop of results from simulations and theory. Although we primarily focus on simple systems, we also touch upon the sheared nucleation of more complex systems, including glasses and polymer melts. We speculate on the promising directions and possible advances that could come to fruition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
| | - Jayant K Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
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4
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Goswami A, Dalal IS, Singh JK. Seeding method for ice nucleation under shear. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:094502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0021206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Indranil Saha Dalal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Jayant K. Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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5
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Vekilov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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7
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Nappo V, Sullivan R, Davey R, Kuhn S, Gavriilidis A, Mazzei L. Effect of shear rate on primary nucleation of para-amino benzoic acid in solution under different fluid dynamic conditions. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Matsushita Y, Sekiguchi H, Wong CJ, Nishijima M, Ikezaki K, Hamada D, Goto Y, Sasaki YC. Nanoscale Dynamics of Protein Assembly Networks in Supersaturated Solutions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13883. [PMID: 29093529 PMCID: PMC5665898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins in solution are conventionally considered macromolecules. Dynamic microscopic structures in supersaturated protein solutions have received increasing attention in the study of protein crystallisation and the formation of misfolded aggregates. Here, we present a method for observing rotational dynamic structures that can detect the interaction of nanoscale lysozyme protein networks via diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT). Our DXT analysis demonstrated that the rearrangement behaviours of lysozyme networks or clusters, which are driven by local density and concentration fluctuations, generate force fields on the femtonewton to attonewton (fN – aN) scale. This quantitative parameter was previously observed in our experiments on supersaturated inorganic solutions. This commonality provides a way to clarify the solution structures of a variety of supersaturated solutions as well as to control nucleation and crystallisation in supersaturated solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsushita
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Sekiguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - C Jae Wong
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Chiba, 277-8568, Japan
| | - M Nishijima
- Office for University - Industry Collaboration, Osaka University, 2-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Ikezaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Chiba, 277-8568, Japan
| | - D Hamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 7-1-48 Minato-jima, Minami, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,SPring-8/RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Y Goto
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y C Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. .,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan. .,AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Chiba, 277-8568, Japan.
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9
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Effect of an External Electric Field on the Kinetics of Dislocation-Free Growth of Tetragonal Hen Egg White Lysozyme Crystals. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Technique for High-Quality Protein Crystal Growth by Control of Subgrain Formation under an External Electric Field. CRYSTALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst6080095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Mura F, Zaccone A. Effects of shear flow on phase nucleation and crystallization. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:042803. [PMID: 27176370 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.042803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Classical nucleation theory offers a good framework for understanding the common features of new phase formation processes in metastable homogeneous media at rest. However, nucleation processes in liquids are ubiquitously affected by hydrodynamic flow, and there is no satisfactory understanding of whether shear promotes or slows down the nucleation process. We developed a classical nucleation theory for sheared systems starting from the molecular level of the Becker-Doering master kinetic equation and we analytically derived a closed-form expression for the nucleation rate. The theory accounts for the effect of flow-mediated transport of molecules to the nucleus of the new phase, as well as for the mechanical deformation imparted to the nucleus by the flow field. The competition between flow-induced molecular transport, which accelerates nucleation, and flow-induced nucleus straining, which lowers the nucleation rate by increasing the nucleation energy barrier, gives rise to a marked nonmonotonic dependence of the nucleation rate on the shear rate. The theory predicts an optimal shear rate at which the nucleation rate is one order of magnitude larger than in the absence of flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mura
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Theresienstrasse 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Statistical Physics Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, CB2 3RA Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Koizumi H, Uda S, Fujiwara K, Tachibana M, Kojima K, Nozawa J. Crystallization of high-quality protein crystals using an external electric field. J Appl Crystallogr 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715015885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a 20 kHz external electric field on the quality of tetragonal hen egg white (HEW) lysozyme crystals was investigated using X-ray diffraction rocking-curve measurements. The full width at half-maximum was found to be larger for high-order reflections but smaller for low-order reflections. In particular, it was revealed that a large amount of local strain is accumulated in tetragonal HEW lysozyme crystals grown under an applied field at 20 kHz. Comparison with previous results obtained for crystals grown with an applied field at 1 MHz [Koizumi, Uda, Fujiwara, Tachibana, Kojima & Nozawa (2013).J. Appl. Cryst.46, 25–29] indicated that improvement of the protein crystal quality could be achieved by selection of an appropriate frequency for the applied electric field, which has a significant effect on the growth of the solid.
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13
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Maes D, Vorontsova MA, Potenza MAC, Sanvito T, Sleutel M, Giglio M, Vekilov PG. Do protein crystals nucleate within dense liquid clusters? Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:815-22. [PMID: 26144225 PMCID: PMC4498701 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15008997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-dense liquid clusters are regions of high protein concentration that have been observed in solutions of several proteins. The typical cluster size varies from several tens to several hundreds of nanometres and their volume fraction remains below 10(-3) of the solution. According to the two-step mechanism of nucleation, the protein-rich clusters serve as locations for and precursors to the nucleation of protein crystals. While the two-step mechanism explained several unusual features of protein crystal nucleation kinetics, a direct observation of its validity for protein crystals has been lacking. Here, two independent observations of crystal nucleation with the proteins lysozyme and glucose isomerase are discussed. Firstly, the evolutions of the protein-rich clusters and nucleating crystals were characterized simultaneously by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and confocal depolarized dynamic light scattering (cDDLS), respectively. It is demonstrated that protein crystals appear following a significant delay after cluster formation. The cDDLS correlation functions follow a Gaussian decay, indicative of nondiffusive motion. A possible explanation is that the crystals are contained inside large clusters and are driven by the elasticity of the cluster surface. Secondly, depolarized oblique illumination dark-field microscopy reveals the evolution from liquid clusters without crystals to newly nucleated crystals contained in the clusters to grown crystals freely diffusing in the solution. Collectively, the observations indicate that the protein-rich clusters in lysozyme and glucose isomerase solutions are locations for crystal nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Maes
- Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria A. Vorontsova
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | | | - Tiziano Sanvito
- Dipartimento de Fisica, Universita di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mike Sleutel
- Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marzio Giglio
- Dipartimento de Fisica, Universita di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Peter G. Vekilov
- Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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14
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Giegé R. A historical perspective on protein crystallization from 1840 to the present day. FEBS J 2013; 280:6456-97. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Giegé
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Université de Strasourg et CNRS; France
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15
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Lander B, Seifert U, Speck T. Crystallization in a sheared colloidal suspension. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:224907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4808354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Krauss IR, Merlino A, Vergara A, Sica F. An overview of biological macromolecule crystallization. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11643-91. [PMID: 23727935 PMCID: PMC3709751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The elucidation of the three dimensional structure of biological macromolecules has provided an important contribution to our current understanding of many basic mechanisms involved in life processes. This enormous impact largely results from the ability of X-ray crystallography to provide accurate structural details at atomic resolution that are a prerequisite for a deeper insight on the way in which bio-macromolecules interact with each other to build up supramolecular nano-machines capable of performing specialized biological functions. With the advent of high-energy synchrotron sources and the development of sophisticated software to solve X-ray and neutron crystal structures of large molecules, the crystallization step has become even more the bottleneck of a successful structure determination. This review introduces the general aspects of protein crystallization, summarizes conventional and innovative crystallization methods and focuses on the new strategies utilized to improve the success rate of experiments and increase crystal diffraction quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli I-80126, Italy; E-Mails: (I.R.K.); (A.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli I-80126, Italy; E-Mails: (I.R.K.); (A.M.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, C.N.R, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli I-80134, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli I-80126, Italy; E-Mails: (I.R.K.); (A.M.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, C.N.R, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli I-80134, Italy
| | - Filomena Sica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli I-80126, Italy; E-Mails: (I.R.K.); (A.M.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, C.N.R, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli I-80134, Italy
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-81-674-479; Fax: +39-81-674-090
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17
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Koizumi H, Uda S, Fujiwara K, Tachibana M, Kojima K, Nozawa J. Improvement of crystal quality for tetragonal hen egg white lysozyme crystals under application of an external alternating current electric field. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889812048716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray diffraction rocking-curve measurements were performed on tetragonal hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) crystals grown with and without application of an external alternating current (AC) electric field, and then the crystal quality was assessed by the FWHMs of each rocking-curve profile. The FWHMs for HEWL crystals grown with an external electric field were smaller than those for crystals grown without. In particular, the average FWHM for the 12 12 0 reflection with an external electric field (0.0034°) was significantly smaller than that without (0.0061°). This indicates that the crystal quality of HEWL crystals was improved by application of the external AC electric field. This crystallization technique can be expected to enhance the resolution of protein molecule structure analysis by X-ray diffraction.
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18
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Di Profio G, Reijonen MT, Caliandro R, Guagliardi A, Curcio E, Drioli E. Insights into the polymorphism of glycine: membrane crystallization in an electric field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9271-80. [PMID: 23660873 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Tomita Y, Koizumi H, Uda S, Fujiwara K, Nozawa J. Control of Gibbs free energy relationship between hen egg white lysozyme polymorphs under application of an external alternating current electric field. J Appl Crystallogr 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s002188981200249x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of phases between bulk (tetragonal structure) and spherulitic crystals for hen egg white lysozyme was controlled under application of an external alternating current electric field. The distribution of phases differed depending on differences in the magnitude of the electrostatic energy contribution to the respective chemical potentials of the two solid phases. Therefore, the Gibbs free energy relationship between the two solid phases could be controlled by changing the frequency of the applied external electric field. Such a method of controlling the Gibbs free energy relationship among polymorphs would be adaptable to many kinds of protein.
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20
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Koizumi H, Uda S, Fujiwara K, Nozawa J. Control of effect on the nucleation rate for hen egg white lysozyme crystals under application of an external ac electric field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8333-8338. [PMID: 21651297 DOI: 10.1021/la2010985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of an external ac electric field on the nucleation rate of hen egg white lysozyme crystals increased with an increase in the concentration of the precipitant used, which enabled the design of an electric double layer (EDL) formed at the inner surface of the drop in the oil. This is attributed to the thickness of the EDL controlled by the ionic strength of the precipitant used. Control of the EDL formed at the interface between the two phases is important to establishing this novel technique for the crystallization of proteins under the application of an external ac electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koizumi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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21
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Reis NM, Chirgadze DY, Blundell TL, Mackley MR. The effect of protein-precipitant interfaces and applied shear on the nucleation and growth of lysozyme crystals. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2009; 65:1127-39. [PMID: 19923710 PMCID: PMC2777168 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444909031527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the effect of protein-precipitant interfaces and externally applied shear on the nucleation and growth kinetics of hen egg-white lysozyme crystals. The early stages of microbatch crystallization of lysozyme were explored using both optical and confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging. Initially, an antisolvent (precipitant) was added to a protein drop and the optical development of the protein-precipitant interface was followed with time. In the presence of the water-soluble polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) a sharp interface was observed to form immediately within the drop, giving an initial clear separation between the lighter protein solution and the heavier precipitant. This interface subsequently became unstable and quickly developed within a few seconds into several unstable 'fingers' that represented regions of high concentration-gradient interfaces. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the subsequent nucleation of protein crystals occurred preferentially in the region of these interfaces. Additional experiments using an optical shearing system demonstrated that oscillatory shear significantly decreased nucleation rates whilst extending the growth period of the lysozyme crystals. The experimental observations relating to both nucleation and growth have relevance in developing efficient and reliable protocols for general crystallization procedures and the controlled crystallization of single large high-quality protein crystals for use in X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England
| | - Dimitri Y. Chirgadze
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
| | - Malcolm R. Mackley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England
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22
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Penkova A, Mladenov IM. Instability of Protein Drops via Applied Electric Field: Mathematical and Experimental Aspects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1161:246-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.04069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Canterino JE, Galkin O, Vekilov PG, Hirsch RE. Phase separation and crystallization of hemoglobin C in transgenic mouse and human erythrocytes. Biophys J 2008; 95:4025-33. [PMID: 18621841 PMCID: PMC2553125 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.127324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals expressing hemoglobin C (beta6 Glu-->Lys) present red blood cells (RBC) with intraerythrocytic crystals that form when hemoglobin (Hb) is oxygenated. Our earlier in vitro liquid-liquid (L-L) phase separation studies demonstrated that liganded HbC exhibits a stronger net intermolecular attraction with a longer range than liganded HbS or HbA, and that L-L phase separation preceded and enhanced crystallization. We now present evidence for the role of phase separation in HbC crystallization in the RBC, and the role of the RBC membrane as a nucleation center. RBC obtained from both human homozygous HbC patients and transgenic mice expressing only human HbC were studied by bright-field and differential interference contrast video-enhanced microscopy. RBC were exposed to hypertonic NaCl solution (1.5-3%) to induce crystallization within an appropriate experimental time frame. L-L phase separation occurred inside the RBC, which in turn enhanced the formation of intraerythrocytic crystals. RBC L-L phase separation and crystallization comply with the thermodynamic and kinetics laws established through in vitro studies of phase transformations. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, to capture a temporal view of intraerythrocytic HbC phase separation, crystal formation, and dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Canterino
- Department of Medicine and Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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24
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Cerdà JJ, Sintes T, Holm C, Sorensen CM, Chakrabarti A. Shear effects on crystal nucleation in colloidal suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:031403. [PMID: 18851034 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.031403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Extensive two-dimensional Langevin dynamics simulations are used to determine the effect of steady shear flows on the crystal nucleation kinetics of charge stabilized colloids and colloids whose pair potential possess an attractive shallow well of a few k_{B}T 's (attractive colloids). Results show that in both types of systems small amounts of shear speeds up the crystallization process and enhances the quality of the growing crystal significantly. Moderate shear rates, on the other hand, destroy the ordering in the system. The very high shear rate regime where a reentering transition to the ordered state could exist is not considered in this work. In addition to the crystal nucleation phenomena, the analysis of the transport properties and the characterization of the steady state regime under shear are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Cerdà
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Ruth-Moufang-Strasse 1, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Heymann M, Vanden-Eijnden E. Pathways of maximum likelihood for rare events in nonequilibrium systems: application to nucleation in the presence of shear. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:140601. [PMID: 18518017 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.140601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Even in nonequilibrium systems, the mechanism of rare reactive events caused by small random noise is predictable because they occur with high probability via their maximum likelihood path (MLP). Here a geometric characterization of the MLP is given as the curve minimizing a certain functional under suitable constraints. A general purpose algorithm is also proposed to compute the MLP. This algorithm is applied to predict the pathway of transition in a bistable stochastic reaction-diffusion equation in the presence of a shear flow, and to analyze how the shear intensity influences the mechanism and rate of the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Heymann
- Duke University Mathematics Department, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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26
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Al-haq MI, Lebrasseur E, Tsuchiya H, Torii T. Protein crystallization under an electric field. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08893110701421463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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