1
|
Tsomo S, Tso P, Namgyal D, Gyal R, Tsering L, Gyal D, Kyab O, Tso N, Gyaltsen K. Development and testing of a new Tibetan medicine constitutional self-assessment tool. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:580-587. [PMID: 38637264 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have attempted to develop measurement tools for constitutional identification in Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM), but they have limitations. We developed a new constitution self-assessment tool that is more firmly grounded in the Gyüzhi, the foundational text of Tibetan Medicine. This new self-assessment tool takes the form of a questionnaire in which the items represent the diagnostic criteria of the three central elemental dynamics of Tibetan medicine (rLung, Tripa, Béken) and are related to the body, psychology, and diet preferences. We tested versions of the new questionnaire in three samples of Tibetan adults (total n = 973) in Qinghai Province and evaluated its validity in 90 respondents randomly selected from the main samples. These respondents completed the questionnaire and were independently evaluated by Tibetan Medicine experts using traditional methods of constitution identification. A comparison of the results led us to revise the original questionnaire. Based on expert advice, we combined similar and overlapping items to simplify and improve the scale. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency and indicated that the final scale is reliable. There was 80-93 % agreement between experts' identifications and self-assessment responses in the survey when both types of data were available. The Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM) constitution scale developed in this paper has a strong basis in theory and TTM practice. It can be used by Tibetan medical practitioners, other health care providers, researchers, and the lay public to identify individual constitution and help determine appropriate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samdrup Tsomo
- Tso-ngon (Qinghai) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining, Qinghai Province, PR China
| | - Pakmo Tso
- Tso-ngon (Qinghai) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining, Qinghai Province, PR China
| | - Dondrup Namgyal
- Tso-ngon (Qinghai) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining, Qinghai Province, PR China
| | - Rigzin Gyal
- Tso-ngon (Qinghai) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining, Qinghai Province, PR China
| | - Lumo Tsering
- Tso-ngon (Qinghai) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining, Qinghai Province, PR China
| | - Druktse Gyal
- Tso-ngon (Qinghai) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining, Qinghai Province, PR China
| | - Ogyan Kyab
- Tso-ngon (Qinghai) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining, Qinghai Province, PR China
| | - Ngodrup Tso
- Tso-ngon (Qinghai) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining, Qinghai Province, PR China
| | - Kunchok Gyaltsen
- Tso-ngon (Qinghai) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining, Qinghai Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei L, Hongping H, Chufang L, Cuomu M, Jintao L, Kaiyin C, Lvyi C, Weiwu C, Zuguang Y, Nanshan Z. Effects of Shiwei Longdanhua formula on LPS induced airway mucus hypersecretion, cough hypersensitivity, oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114793. [PMID: 37121151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiwei Longdanhua Granule (SWLDH) is a classic Tibetan medicine (TM) ranking in the top 20 Chinese patent medicines in prescription rate to treat respiratory diseases like pneumonia, acute and chronic tracheobronchitis, acute exacerbation of COPD and bronchial asthma in solution of inflammation, cough and phlegm obstruction in clinical practice. However, its systematic pharmacological mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. Here, we studied the therapeutic efficacy of SWLDH in treatment of acute respiratory diseases in BALB/c mice by comprehensive analysis of airway inflammation, oxidative stress, mucus hypersecretion, cough hypersensitivities and indicators associated with the development of chronic diseases. Our results show that SWLDH might exhibit its inhibitory effects on pulmonary inflammation by interference with arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathways. Oxidative stress that highly related to the degree of tissue injury could be alleviated by enhancing the reductive activities of glutathione redox system, thioredoxin system and the catalytic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) after SWLDH treatment. In addition, SWLDH could significantly abrogate the mucus hypersecretion induced bronchiole obstruction by inactivate the globlet cells and decrease the secretion of gel-forming mucins (MUC5AC and MUC5B) under pathological condition, demonstrating its mucoactive potency. SWLDH also showed reversed effects on the release of neuropeptides that are responsible for airway sensory hypersensitivity. Simultaneously observed inhibition of calcium influx, reduction in in vivo biosynthesis of acetylcholine and the recovery of the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) might collaboratively contribute to cause airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) relexation. These findings indicated that SWLDH might exhibited antitussive potency via suppression of the urge to cough and ASMCs contraction. Moreover, SWLDH might affect airway remodeling. We found SWLDH could retard the elevation of TGF-β1 and α-SMA, which are important indicators for hyperplasia and contraction during the progression of the chronic airway inflammatory diseases like COPD and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wei
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hou Hongping
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mingji Cuomu
- The University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, China
| | - Li Jintao
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Kaiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Tibet Cheezheng Tibet Medicine Co.,Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chen Lvyi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Weiwu
- Tibet Cheezheng Tibet Medicine Co.,Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zuguang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhong Nanshan
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu S, Shi B, Yuxian J, He M, Yang P, Xu W, Liu G, Song Z, Du X, Wang D. Comparative Analysis of the Wounded in Patients and Deaths in a Hospital Following the Three Major Earthquakes in Western China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:775130. [PMID: 35875049 PMCID: PMC9304578 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.775130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the injury characteristics of patients and therapeutic strategies for patients injured in the last three big earthquakes in China, so as to provide a reference for the improvement of emergency plans for earthquakes. The analysis was based on the data provided by the Mianyang Central Hospital (MCH) from May 12th, 2008 to September 26th, 2017. Microsoft EXCEL software was used for data input, and SPSS was used for statistical analysis. A total of 1,390 earthquake-related patients were hospitalized in MCH. Most patients were admitted to the hospital within the first 2 weeks after the earthquake. The main causes for seismic injuries involved hit/strike by objects or building collapse /burying. Extremity fractures accounted for most injuries, especially 3 days after an earthquake. But soft tissue injuries cannot be neglected. Most earthquake patients were mainly treated by means of surgery and the majority were related to orthopedics. We found that different areas, population, and religions needed a tailored approach to the rescue effort. Therefore, the earthquake magnitude scale has a significant influence on mechanisms, types and severity of the injury of patients injured in earthquakes, as well as their timely transfer, management, and prognosis. Traumatic injuries are very common and thereby various surgical procedures especially orthopedic and neurosurgery are the domain of treatment modalities. Disaster preparedness and combined surgical team effort need to be focused on to reduce both mortality and morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Disaster Medicine Research Group, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
- Shan Xu
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Jianbo Yuxian
- Deparment of General Surgery, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Nursing, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Weiyun Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhongjin Song
- Department of Science and Education, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Du
- Department of Disaster Medicine Research Group, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Du
| | - Dong Wang
- Deparment of General Surgery, MianYang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
- Dong Wang
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu C, Zhao Q, Zhong L, Li Q, Li R, Li S, Li Y, Li N, Su J, Dhondrup W, Meng X, Zhang Y, Tu Y, Wang X. Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Lvxue Pill attenuates collagen-induced arthritis via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113820. [PMID: 33465441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ershiwuwei Lvxue Pill (ELP, མགྲིན་མཚལ་ཉེར་ལྔ།), a traditional Tibetan medicine preparation, has been used hundreds of years for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the highland region of Tibet, China. However, the underlying mechanism of its therapeutic effect remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the potential pharmacological mechanisms of anti-arthritic effect of ELP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main chemical constituents of ELP were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Forty-eight male Wistar rats (220 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into six groups: normal group, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) group, methotrexate group (1.05 mg/kg), ELP groups (115, 230 and 460 mg/kg). CIA rat models were assigned to evaluate the anti-RA activity of ELP by determining the paws swelling, arthritis score, organ coefficients of spleen and thymus, and histopathological analysis of knee joints of synovial tissues. The levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-17 in serum were measured by ELISA. In addition, mRNA and protein expression levels associated with JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in synovial tissues of CIA rats were detected by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. RESULTS Fourteen main chemical constituents of ELP were quantitatively determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Treatment with ELP reduced the paw swelling, arthritis score and organ coefficients of spleen and thymus. Histopathological examination revealed the protective effects of ELP on CIA rats with knee joint injury. The levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17) were markedly reduced while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased with the treatment of ELP. Further investigations showed ELP down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2, whereas up-regulated Bax, SOCS1 and SOCS3. Meanwhile, the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 proteins from synovial tissues were dramatically decreased with the treatment of ELP, whereas no changes of the mRNA and protein expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3 were observed. CONCLUSION These results indicated that ELP reduced the severity of arthritis and joint swelling, suggesting an antirheumatic effect on CIA rats. The possible mechanism is related to inhibiting inflammatory response and inducing apoptosis in synovial tissues by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. However, further in vivo and in vitro investigations are still needed to clarify the underlying mechanism of ELP in treating RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lu Zhong
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yangxin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinsong Su
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wüntrang Dhondrup
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ya Tu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Development Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Psychometric Properties of the Self-Healing Assessment Scale for Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9040484. [PMID: 33924124 PMCID: PMC8074308 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-healing, an intrinsic healing capacity, helps individuals’ bodies and minds to regain wholeness and is significant in the pursuit of one’s own healthy ageing and independence. This study was intended to develop and preliminarily test the reliability and validity of the self-healing assessment scale (SHAS) for community-dwelling older adults, and was conducted in three phases. Phase 1: The definitions of self-healing were synthesized from our knowledge of the literature regarding the ontology of self-healing and panels of 25 experts. The initial version of the 12-item questionnaire was developed by the in-depth interviews of focus groups and panels, and the content was validated by six experts. Phase 2: A cross-sectional survey, including a total of 500 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 71.76, was then conducted for the preliminary reliability and validity test. The content validity indices were satisfied. Twelve items were retained, and three factors were identified, namely, physical and mental state, socioeconomic and environmental status, and independent lifestyle, which explained 65.8% of the variance under explorative approval. Phase 3: the standardized factor above 60 obtained by confirmatory factorial analysis indicated good convergent validity. The relationship between self-healing and health-related quality of life was confirmed via concurrent validity testing. The SHAS can facilitate the evaluation of factors associated with community-dwelling older adults’ self-healing capacity. Programs tailored to enhance self-healing capacity should be designed, implemented, and inspected regarding their effectiveness in older adults.
Collapse
|
6
|
Farb N, Daubenmier J, Price CJ, Gard T, Kerr C, Dunn BD, Klein AC, Paulus MP, Mehling WE. Interoception, contemplative practice, and health. Front Psychol 2015; 6:763. [PMID: 26106345 PMCID: PMC4460802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception can be broadly defined as the sense of signals originating within the body. As such, interoception is critical for our sense of embodiment, motivation, and well-being. And yet, despite its importance, interoception remains poorly understood within modern science. This paper reviews interdisciplinary perspectives on interoception, with the goal of presenting a unified perspective from diverse fields such as neuroscience, clinical practice, and contemplative studies. It is hoped that this integrative effort will advance our understanding of how interoception determines well-being, and identify the central challenges to such understanding. To this end, we introduce an expanded taxonomy of interoceptive processes, arguing that many of these processes can be understood through an emerging predictive coding model for mind–body integration. The model, which describes the tension between expected and felt body sensation, parallels contemplative theories, and implicates interoception in a variety of affective and psychosomatic disorders. We conclude that maladaptive construal of bodily sensations may lie at the heart of many contemporary maladies, and that contemplative practices may attenuate these interpretative biases, restoring a person’s sense of presence and agency in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Farb
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON Canada
| | | | | | - Tim Gard
- Maastricht University, Maastricht Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Wolf E Mehling
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chapin HL, Darnall BD, Seppala EM, Doty JR, Hah JM, Mackey SC. Pilot study of a compassion meditation intervention in chronic pain. JOURNAL OF COMPASSIONATE HEALTH CARE 2014; 1:4. [PMID: 27499883 PMCID: PMC4972045 DOI: 10.1186/s40639-014-0004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of anger as an important predictor of chronic pain outcomes suggests that treatments that target anger may be particularly useful within the context of chronic pain. Eastern traditions prescribe compassion cultivation to treat persistent anger. Compassion cultivation has been shown to influence emotional processing and reduce negativity bias in the contexts of emotional and physical discomfort, thus suggesting it may be beneficial as a dual treatment for pain and anger. Our objective was to conduct a pilot study of a 9-week group compassion cultivation intervention in chronic pain to examine its effect on pain severity, anger, pain acceptance and pain-related interference. We also aimed to describe observer ratings provided by patients' significant others and secondary effects of the intervention. METHODS Pilot clinical trial with repeated measures design that included a within-subjects wait-list control period. Twelve chronic pain patients completed the intervention (F= 10). Data were collected from patients at enrollment, treatment baseline and post-treatment; participant significant others contributed data at the enrollment and post-treatment time points. RESULTS In this predominantly female sample, patients had significantly reduced pain severity and anger and increased pain acceptance at post-treatment compared to treatment baseline. Significant other qualitative data corroborated patient reports for reductions in pain severity and anger. CONCLUSIONS Compassion meditation may be a useful adjunctive treatment for reducing pain severity and anger, and for increasing chronic pain acceptance. Patient reported reductions in anger were corroborated by their significant others. The significant other corroborations offer a novel contribution to the literature and highlight the observable emotional and behavioral changes in the patient participants that occurred following the compassion intervention. Future studies may further examine how anger reductions impact relationships with self and others within the context of chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Chapin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Suite 200, MC 5596, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Beth D Darnall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Suite 200, MC 5596, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Emma M Seppala
- The Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - James R Doty
- The Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jennifer M Hah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Suite 200, MC 5596, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sean C Mackey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Suite 200, MC 5596, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bauer-Wu S, Lhundup T, Tidwell T, Lhadon T, Ozawa-de Silva C, Dolma J, Dorjee P, Neshar DR, Sangmo R, Yeshi T. Tibetan medicine for cancer: an overview and review of case studies. Integr Cancer Ther 2014; 13:502-12. [PMID: 25209591 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414549624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tibetan medicine (TM) is a whole systems medical approach that has had growing interest in the West. However, minimal research, particularly with cancer, has been conducted. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of TM and describe a clinical case review study to obtain preliminary evidence of TM's safety and effect on patients treated for cancer or hematologic disorders. METHODS A retrospective case review was conducted in India and cases met the following inclusion criteria: (a) confirmed diagnosis of cancer or hematologic disorder by standard Western biomedical diagnostic tests, (b) either treated exclusively with TM or received insufficient Western treatment followed by TM and (c) were in remission or had stable disease at least 2 years after start of TM. RESULTS Three cases were identified, 1 solid tumor and 2 hematologic diseases: Case 1--poorly to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach, positive lymph nodes and mucosal infiltration, with clear scans and excellent quality of life 29 months later ; Case 2--chronic myelogenous leukemia with normalization of hematologic labs within 3 months of starting TM and stable 4 years later; and Case 3--red cell aplasia improved significantly and reversed dependence on blood transfusions with TM. None of the cases experienced demonstrable adverse effects from TM. CONCLUSIONS This limited case review found TM to be safe and have positive effects on quality of life and disease regression and remission in patients with cancer and blood disorders. Further exploration and investigation using rigorous methods is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tenzin Lhundup
- Men-Tsee-Khang, Tibetan Medical & Astro Institute, Dharamsala, India Kachupa is similar to Bachelor of Science in Medicine (BS), and Menrampa is similar to Doctor of Medicine (MD)
| | - Tawni Tidwell
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Tibetan Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, P.R.C
| | - Tenzin Lhadon
- Men-Tsee-Khang, Tibetan Medical & Astro Institute, Dharamsala, India Kachupa is similar to Bachelor of Science in Medicine (BS), and Menrampa is similar to Doctor of Medicine (MD)
| | | | - Jamyang Dolma
- Men-Tsee-Khang, Salugara Branch Clinic, Salugara, India Kachupa is similar to Bachelor of Science in Medicine (BS), and Menrampa is similar to Doctor of Medicine (MD)
| | - Pema Dorjee
- Men-Tsee-Khang, Tibetan Medical & Astro Institute, Dharamsala, India Men-Tsee-Khang retired physician Kachupa is similar to Bachelor of Science in Medicine (BS), and Menrampa is similar to Doctor of Medicine (MD)
| | - Dorjee Rapten Neshar
- Men-Tsee-Khang, Bengaluru Branch Clinic, Tibetan Medical Centre, Bangalore, India Kachupa is similar to Bachelor of Science in Medicine (BS), and Menrampa is similar to Doctor of Medicine (MD)
| | - Rigzin Sangmo
- Men-Tsee-Khang, Tibetan Medical & Astro Institute, Dharamsala, India Kachupa is similar to Bachelor of Science in Medicine (BS), and Menrampa is similar to Doctor of Medicine (MD)
| | - Tenzin Yeshi
- Men-Tsee-Khang, Tibetan Medical & Astro Institute, Dharamsala, India Kachupa is similar to Bachelor of Science in Medicine (BS), and Menrampa is similar to Doctor of Medicine (MD)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Loizzo J. Meditation research, past, present, and future: perspectives from the Nalanda contemplative science tradition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1307:43-54. [PMID: 24673149 PMCID: PMC4253124 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article offers an overview of meditation research: its history, recent developments, and future directions. As the number and scope of studies grow, the field has converged with cognitive and affective neuroscience, and spawned many clinical applications. Recent work has shed light on the mechanisms and effects of diverse practices, and is entering a new phase where consensus and coherent paradigms are within reach. This article suggests an unusual path for future advancement: complementing conventional research with rigorous dialogue with the contemplative traditions that train expert meditators and best know the techniques. It explores the Nalanda tradition developed in India and preserved in Tibet, because its cumulative approach to contemplative methods produced a comprehensive framework that may help interpret data and guide research, and because its naturalistic theories and empirical methods may help bridge the gulf between science and other contemplative traditions. Examining recent findings and models in light of this framework, the article introduces the Indic map of the central nervous system and presents three testable predictions based on it. Finally, it reviews two studies that suggest that the multimodal Nalanda approach to contemplative learning is as well received as more familiar approaches, while showing promise of being more effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Loizzo
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weight reduction in patients with coronary artery disease: Comparison of Traditional Tibetan Medicine and Western diet. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:1509-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
11
|
Antonio RL, Kozasa EH, Galduróz JCF, Dawa, Dorjee Y, Kalsang T, Norbu T, Tenzin T, Rodrigues E. Formulas used by Tibetan doctors at Men-Tsee-Khang in India for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and their correlation with pharmacological data. Phytother Res 2012; 27:552-63. [PMID: 22674653 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify formulas used at Men-Tsee-Khang (Tibetan Medical and Astrological Institute), India, for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and to compare the Tibetan usage of particular ingredients with pharmacological data from the scientific database. Using ethnographic methods, five doctors were selected and interviewed. A correlation was observed between central nervous system disorders and rLung, one of the three humors in Tibetan medicine, which imbalance is the source of mental disorders, and ten multi-ingredient formulas used to treat the imbalance of this particular humor were identified. These formulas utilize 61 ingredients; among them were 48 plant species. Each formula treats several symptoms related to rLung imbalance, so the plants may have therapeutic uses distinct from those of the formulas in which they are included. Myristica fragrans, nutmeg, is contained in 100% of the formulas, and its seeds exhibit stimulant and depressant actions affecting the central nervous system. Preclinical and clinical data from the scientific literature indicate that all of the formulas include ingredients with neuropsychiatric action and corroborate the therapeutic use of 75.6% of the plants. These findings indicate a level of congruence between the therapeutic uses of particular plant species in Tibetan and Western medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Luna Antonio
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil, Rua Botucatu 862, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cameron ME, Torkelson C, Haddow S, Namdul T, Prasek A, Gross CR. Tibetan medicine and integrative health: validity testing and refinement of the constitutional self-assessment tool and lifestyle guidelines tool. Explore (NY) 2012; 8:158-71. [PMID: 22560754 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tibetan medicine offers an ancient, timely model for the promotion of health and treatment of disease by teaching individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices. This holistic model consists of analyzing one's unique constitution and recommending supportive lifestyle modifications. An experienced Tibetan medicine practitioner is the gold standard for constitutional assessment. Because few Tibetans practice Tibetan medicine in the United States, research-based tools with content and criterion validity are needed for self-assessment. OBJECTIVE To test the validity of and refine the Constitutional Self-Assessment Tool (CSAT) and Lifestyle Guidelines Tool (LGT). DESIGN Mixed methods pilot study conducted in three phases. SETTING Tibetan Medical Institute (TMI) of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Dharamsala, India and the University of Minnesota, a U.S. research University. PARTICIPANTS Six TMI senior faculty; 88 students at the university. METHODS Phase 1: TMI faculty evaluated the tools' content validity. Phase 2: 59 students completed the CSAT, had a Tibetan medicine consultation, completed the LGT, and answered qualitative questions. Phase 3: 29 students studying Tibetan medicine followed a modified phase 2 method. Quantitative and phenomenological analyses were performed to investigate the CSAT's criterion validity (agreement of CSAT results and consultations) and refine the tools. RESULTS The tools were shown to have high content validity. Phase 2 CSAT had 51% agreement and 0.24 kappa statistic, suggesting fair criterion validity. Phase 3-refined CSAT had 76% agreement and 0.50 kappa statistic, suggesting moderate criterion validity. CONCLUSION The refined CSAT and LGT in Appendix A and B demonstrate the potential for additional research and use in integrated care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Cameron
- Tibetan Healing Initiative, Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoeli-Tlalim R. Tibetan 'wind' and 'wind' illnesses: towards a multicultural approach to health and illness. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2010; 41:318-324. [PMID: 21112005 PMCID: PMC3384002 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the Tibetan notion of rlung, usually translated as: 'wind', but perhaps better understood as a close equivalent of pneuma in the Greek tradition, or qi in the Chinese tradition. The article focuses on the way rlung provides a useful prism through which concepts of health, illness and disease may be observed in a cross-cultural perspective. An analysis of syndromes linked with rlung in a Tibetan cultural context illuminates some of the ways in which culture determines particular syndromes. The article raises a number of questions which are relevant for a more general multicultural approach to concepts of health, illness and disease. The article argues that notions of rlung/pneuma/wind/ qi constitute a particularly interesting area for an exploration of culture-bound syndromes, as they reside in the meeting point between material and non-material, physical and mental, as well as the psychological, spiritual and religious. They are hence fundamental for a more cross-cultural approach to the mind-body problem. The article also deals with the significance of history of medicine, particularly histories of medicine, which attempt to widen the scope of the traditional Eurocentric narrative of the history of medicine, in dealing with questions such as concepts of health and illness. Allowing alternative narratives-whether narratives of patients, other cultures or historical ones-can enhance our understanding of what health, illness and disease are. Discussing perceptions of the body as culturally defined is not only important from a philosophical or historical point of view, but also has important practical ramifications, which are particularly crucial in our global age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim
- Wellcome Trust University Award Holder, Department of History, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Loizzo J, Charlson M, Peterson J. A program in contemplative self-healing: stress, allostasis, and learning in the Indo-Tibetan tradition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1172:123-47. [PMID: 19735246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews current behavioral health interventions and introduces a self-healing program based on the Indo-Tibetan tradition. While most work on behavior change emphasizes cognition and motivation, this review highlights stress-reactivity as a rate-limiting resistance to learning. Surveying cognitive-behavioral theories, it finds these limited in modeling stress-reactivity. Reviewing current interventions that address stress by integrating relaxation, mindfulness, imagery, or movement with cognitive-behavioral education, it attributes their limited effectiveness to the limits of their model of stress and their strategy of eclectically mixing techniques. Next, the article explores the Indic model of stress-cessation and self-healing assumed by mindfulness practice, concluding that it more fully reflects current findings on stress and learning. It reviews the theory and practice of mindfulness and of two less known contemplative "vehicles" preserved in Tibet, using more advanced techniques and insights better suited to lay lifestyles and secular cultures. It suggests that the Tibetan tradition of integrating all three vehicles of contemplative insight and skill in one self-healing practice should maximize coherence and effectiveness while minimizing confounding variables caused by eclecticism. Finally, the paper introduces an intervention that integrates mindfulness with techniques of cognitive analysis, affect modulation, motivational imagery, and reinforcing breathing, tailored over centuries into a complete, threefold path of self-healing. A pilot study of this intervention in women treated for breast and other gynecologic cancers suggests that the whole spectrum of Indo-Tibetan mind/body practices can be readily mastered and effectively used by Westerners to reduce stress and enhance learning and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Loizzo
- Weill Cornell Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Columbia University Center for Buddhist Studies, New York, New York, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|