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Rahman MM, Grice ID, Ulett GC, Wei MQ. Advances in Bacterial Lysate Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases and Cancer. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:4312908. [PMID: 38962577 PMCID: PMC11221958 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4312908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigenic cell fragments, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and other immunostimulants in bacterial lysates or extracts may induce local and systemic immune responses in specific and nonspecific paradigms. Based on current knowledge, this review aimed to determine whether bacterial lysate has comparable functions in infectious diseases and cancer treatment. In infectious diseases, including respiratory and urinary tract infections, immune system activation by bacterial lysate can identify and combat pathogens. Commercially available bacterial lysates, including OM-85, Ismigen, Lantigen B, and LW 50020, were effective in children and adults in treating respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis with varying degrees of success. Moreover, OM-89, Uromune, Urovac, Urivac, and ExPEC4V showed therapeutic benefits in controlling urinary tract infections in adults, especially women. Bacterial lysate-based therapeutics are safe, well-tolerated, and have few side effects, making them a good alternative for infectious disease management. Furthermore, a nonspecific immunomodulation by bacterial lysates may stimulate innate immunity, benefiting cancer treatment. "Coley's vaccine" has been used to treat sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas, and myelomas with varying outcomes. Later, several similar bacterial lysate-based therapeutics have been developed to treat cancers, including bladder cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and myeloma; among them, BCG for in situ bladder cancer is well-known. Proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, may activate bacterial antigen-specific adaptive responses that could restore tumor antigen recognition and response by tumor-specific type 1 helper cells and cytotoxic T cells; therefore, bacterial lysates are worth investigating as a vaccination adjuvants or add-on therapies for several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mijanur Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesGriffith University, Gold Coast 4222, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith University, Gold Coast 4222, QLD, Australia
| | - I. Darren Grice
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesGriffith University, Gold Coast 4222, QLD, Australia
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith University, Gold Coast 4222, QLD, Australia
| | - Glen C. Ulett
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesGriffith University, Gold Coast 4222, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith University, Gold Coast 4222, QLD, Australia
| | - Ming Q. Wei
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesGriffith University, Gold Coast 4222, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith University, Gold Coast 4222, QLD, Australia
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Sussman TA, Severgnini M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Friedlander P, Swanson SJ, Jaklitsch M, Clancy T, Goguen LA, Lautz D, Swanson R, Daley H, Ritz J, Dranoff G, Hodi FS. Phase II trial of vaccination with autologous, irradiated melanoma cells engineered by adenoviral mediated gene transfer to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in patients with stage III and IV melanoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1395978. [PMID: 38812776 PMCID: PMC11133610 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1395978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the era of immune checkpoint blockade, the role of cancer vaccines in immune priming has provided additional potential for therapeutic improvements. Prior studies have demonstrated delayed type hypersensitivity and anti-tumor immunity with vaccines engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The safety, efficacy and anti-tumor immunity of GM-CSF secreting vaccine in patients with previously treated stage III or IV melanoma needs further investigation. Methods In this phase II trial, excised lymph node metastases were processed to single cells, transduced with an adenoviral vector encoding GM-CSF, irradiated, and cryopreserved. Individual vaccines were composed of 1x106, 4x106, or 1x107 tumor cells, and were injected intradermally and subcutaneously at weekly and biweekly intervals. The primary endpoints were feasibility of producing vaccine in stage III patients and determining the proportion of patients alive at two years in stage IV patients. Results GM-CSF vaccine was successfully developed and administered in all 61 patients. Toxicities were restricted to grade 1-2 local skin reactions. The median OS for stage III patients (n = 20) was 71.1 (95% CI, 43.7 to NR) months and 14.9 (95%CI, 12.1 to 39.7) months for stage IV patients. The median PFS in stage III patients was 50.7 (95%CI, 36.3 to NR) months and 4.1 (95% CI, 3.0-6.3) months in stage IV patients. In the overall population, the disease control rate was 39.3% (95%CI, 27.1 to 52.7%). In stage III patients, higher pre-treatment plasma cytokine levels of MMP-1, TRAIL, CXCL-11, CXCL-13 were associated with improved PFS (p<0.05 for all). An increase in post-vaccination levels of IL-15 and TRAIL for stage III patients was associated with improved PFS (p=0.03 for both). Similarly, an increase in post-vaccination IL-16 level for stage IV patients was associated with improved PFS (p=0.02) and clinical benefit. Conclusions Vaccination with autologous melanoma cells secreting GM-CSF augments antitumor immunity in stage III and IV patients with melanoma, is safe, and demonstrates disease control. Luminex data suggests that changes in inflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration promote tumor antigen presentation and subsequent tumor cell destruction. Additional investigation to administer this vaccine in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A. Sussman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mariano Severgnini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Curis, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Philip Friedlander
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott J. Swanson
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Jaklitsch
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Clancy
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura A. Goguen
- Division of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Lautz
- Department of Surgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA, United States
| | - Richard Swanson
- Department of Surgery, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Heather Daley
- Connell and O’Reilly Families Cell Manipulation Core Facility, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Connell and O’Reilly Families Cell Manipulation Core Facility, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F. Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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Tittarelli A, Pereda C, Gleisner MA, López MN, Flores I, Tempio F, Lladser A, Achour A, González FE, Durán-Aniotz C, Miranda JP, Larrondo M, Salazar-Onfray F. Long-Term Survival and Immune Response Dynamics in Melanoma Patients Undergoing TAPCells-Based Vaccination Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:357. [PMID: 38675738 PMCID: PMC11053591 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines present a promising avenue for treating immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs)-refractory patients, fostering immune responses to modulate the tumor microenvironment. We revisit a phase I/II trial using Tumor Antigen-Presenting Cells (TAPCells) (NCT06152367), an autologous antigen-presenting cell vaccine loaded with heat-shocked allogeneic melanoma cell lysates. Initial findings showcased TAPCells inducing lysate-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, correlating with prolonged survival. Here, we extend our analysis over 15 years, categorizing patients into short-term (<36 months) and long-term (≥36 months) survivors, exploring novel associations between clinical outcomes and demographic, genetic, and immunologic parameters. Notably, DTHpos patients exhibit a 53.1% three-year survival compared to 16.1% in DTHneg patients. Extended remissions are observed in long-term survivors, particularly DTHpos/M1cneg patients. Younger age, stage III disease, and moderate immune events also benefit short-term survivors. Immunomarkers like increased C-type lectin domain family 2 member D on CD4+ T cells and elevated interleukin-17A were detected in long-term survivors. In contrast, toll-like receptor-4 D229G polymorphism and reduced CD32 on B cells are associated with reduced survival. TAPCells achieved stable long remissions in 35.2% of patients, especially M1cneg/DTHpos cases. Conclusions: Our study underscores the potential of vaccine-induced immune responses in melanoma, emphasizing the identification of emerging biological markers and clinical parameters for predicting long-term remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Tittarelli
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile;
| | - Cristian Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
| | - María A. Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mercedes N. López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
| | - Iván Flores
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
| | - Fabián Tempio
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 8580702, Chile;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8580702, Chile
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fermín E. González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Claudia Durán-Aniotz
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago 7941169, Chile;
| | | | - Milton Larrondo
- Banco de Sangre, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Pérez-Baños A, Gleisner MA, Flores I, Pereda C, Navarrete M, Araya JP, Navarro G, Quezada-Monrás C, Tittarelli A, Salazar-Onfray F. Whole tumour cell-based vaccines: tuning the instruments to orchestrate an optimal antitumour immune response. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:572-585. [PMID: 37355722 PMCID: PMC10421921 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, particularly those based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has become a useful approach for many neoplastic diseases. Despite the improvements of ICIs in supporting tumour regression and prolonging survival, many patients do not respond or develop resistance to treatment. Thus, therapies that enhance antitumour immunity, such as anticancer vaccines, constitute a feasible and promising therapeutic strategy. Whole tumour cell (WTC) vaccines have been extensively tested in clinical studies as intact or genetically modified cells or tumour lysates, injected directly or loaded on DCs with distinct adjuvants. The essential requirements of WTC vaccines include the optimal delivery of a broad battery of tumour-associated antigens, the presence of tumour cell-derived molecular danger signals, and adequate adjuvants. These factors trigger an early and robust local innate inflammatory response that orchestrates an antigen-specific and proinflammatory adaptive antitumour response capable of controlling tumour growth by several mechanisms. In this review, the strengths and weaknesses of our own and others' experiences in studying WTC vaccines are revised to discuss the essential elements required to increase anticancer vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarilis Pérez-Baños
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Flores
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Navarrete
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Araya
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanna Navarro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Section for Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sordi MB, Panahipour L, Gruber R. Oral squamous carcinoma cell lysates provoke exacerbated inflammatory response in gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4785-4794. [PMID: 37391526 PMCID: PMC10415472 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study whether damaged epithelial cells and gingival fibroblast could affect the expression of inflammatory cytokines in healthy cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell suspensions were submitted to different treatments to obtain the lysates: no treatment (supernatant control), sonication, and freeze/thawing. All treatments were centrifuged, and the supernatants of the lysates were used for experimentation. Cell viability assays, RT-qPCR of IL1, IL6 and IL8, IL6 immunoassay, and immunofluorescence of NF-kB p65 were applied to verify the inflammatory crosstalk of damaged cells over healthy plated cells. Furthermore, titanium discs and collagen membranes were treated with lysates and checked for IL8 expression by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Lysates obtained upon sonication or freeze/thawing of oral squamous carcinoma cell lines provoked a robust increase in the expression of IL1, IL6, and IL8 by gingival fibroblasts, which was confirmed by IL6 immunoassays. Lysates obtained from the gingival fibroblasts failed to increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Additionally, oral squamous carcinoma cell lysates caused the activation of the NF-kB signalling cascade in gingival fibroblasts as indicated by the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65. Finally, oral squamous carcinoma cell lysates adhered to the titanium and collagen membrane surfaces and increased IL8 expression by gingival fibroblasts growing in these materials. CONCLUSIONS Injured oral epithelial cells can release factors that incite gingival fibroblasts to become pro-inflammatory. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Injuries affecting the oral mucosa generate epithelial fragments that may reach the underlying connective tissue and provoke inflammation. These injuries are routinely caused by mastication, sonication for teeth cleaning, teeth preparation, prostheses maladaptation, and implant drilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Beatriz Sordi
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Feng C, Tan P, Nie G, Zhu M. Biomimetic and bioinspired nano-platforms for cancer vaccine development. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210263. [PMID: 37933383 PMCID: PMC10624393 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treating modalities of cancer. Cancer vaccine, aiming to harness the host immune system to induce a tumor-specific killing effect, holds great promises for its broad patient coverage, high safety, and combination potentials. Despite promising, the clinical translation of cancer vaccines faces obstacles including the lack of potency, limited options of tumor antigens and adjuvants, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Biomimetic and bioinspired nanotechnology provides new impetus for the designing concepts of cancer vaccines. Through mimicking the stealth coating, pathogen recognition pattern, tissue tropism of pathogen, and other irreplaceable properties from nature, biomimetic and bioinspired cancer vaccines could gain functions such as longstanding, targeting, self-adjuvanting, and on-demand cargo release. The specific behavior and endogenous molecules of each type of living entity (cell or microorganism) offer unique features to cancer vaccines to address specific needs for immunotherapy. In this review, the strategies inspired by eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and viruses will be overviewed for advancing cancer vaccine development. Our insights into the future cancer vaccine development will be shared at the end for expediting the clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchao Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijingChina
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peng Tan
- Klarman Cell ObservatoryBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUSA
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijingChina
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Motao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijingChina
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Helmin-Basa A, Gackowska L, Balcerowska S, Ornawka M, Naruszewicz N, Wiese-Szadkowska M. The application of the natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in treating various types of cancer. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the surveillance and clearance of tumor. Intensive research has exposed the mechanisms of recognition and elimination of tumor cells by these immune cells as well as how cancers evade immune response. Hence, harnessing the immune cells has proven to be an effective therapy in treating a variety of cancers. Strategies aimed to harness and augment effector function of these cells for cancer therapy have been the subject of intense researches over the decades. Different immunotherapeutic possibilities are currently being investigated for anti-tumor activity. Pharmacological agents known to influence immune cell migration and function include therapeutic antibodies, modified antibody molecules, toll-like receptor agonists, nucleic acids, chemokine inhibitors, fusion proteins, immunomodulatory drugs, vaccines, adoptive cell transfer and oncolytic virus–based therapy. In this review, we will focus on the preclinical and clinical applications of NK cell, macrophage and DC immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helmin-Basa
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Lidia Gackowska
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Sara Balcerowska
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Marcelina Ornawka
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Natalia Naruszewicz
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wiese-Szadkowska
- Department of Immunology , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz , Poland
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Torres A, Vivanco S, Lavín F, Pereda C, Chernobrovkin A, Gleisner A, Alcota M, Larrondo M, López MN, Salazar-Onfray F, Zubarev RA, González FE. Haptoglobin Induces a Specific Proteomic Profile and a Mature-Associated Phenotype on Primary Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136882. [PMID: 35805888 PMCID: PMC9266681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play a critical role in dendritic cells (DCs) ability to trigger a specific and efficient adaptive immune response for different physiological and pathological scenarios. We have previously identified constitutive DAMPs (HMGB1 and Calreticulin) as well as new putative inducible DAMPs such as Haptoglobin (HP), from a therapeutically used heat shock-conditioned melanoma cell lysate (called TRIMEL). Remarkably, HP was shown to be the most abundant protein in the proteomic profile of heat shock-conditioned TRIMEL samples. However, its relative contribution to the observed DCs phenotype has not been fully elucidated. Human DCs were generated from monocytes isolated from PBMC of melanoma patients and healthy donors. DC lineage was induced with rhIL-4 and rhGM-CSF. After additional stimulation with HP, the proteome of these HP-stimulated cells was characterized. In addition, DCs were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry for canonical maturation markers and cytokine production. Finally, in vitro transmigration capacity was assessed using Transwell plates. Our results showed that the stimulation with HP was associated with the presence of exclusive and higher relative abundance of specific immune-; energy production-; lipid biosynthesis-; and DAMPs-related proteins. Importantly, HP stimulation enhanced the expression of specific DC maturation markers and pro-inflammatory and Th1-associated cytokines, and an in vitro transmigration of primary human DCs. Taken together, these data suggest that HP can be considered as a new inducible DAMP with an important role in in vitro DC activation for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Torres
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.T.); (S.V.); (F.L.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | - Sheilah Vivanco
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.T.); (S.V.); (F.L.)
| | - Francisca Lavín
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.T.); (S.V.); (F.L.)
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (A.G.); (M.N.L.); (F.S.-O.)
| | - Alexey Chernobrovkin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
| | - Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (A.G.); (M.N.L.); (F.S.-O.)
| | - Marcela Alcota
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | - Milton Larrondo
- Blood Bank Service, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Mercedes N. López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (A.G.); (M.N.L.); (F.S.-O.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (A.G.); (M.N.L.); (F.S.-O.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Roman A. Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
| | - Fermín E. González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (A.T.); (S.V.); (F.L.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-29781714
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9
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Peil J, Bock F, Kiefer F, Schmidt R, Heindl LM, Cursiefen C, Schlereth SL. New Therapeutic Approaches for Conjunctival Melanoma-What We Know So Far and Where Therapy Is Potentially Heading: Focus on Lymphatic Vessels and Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1478. [PMID: 35163401 PMCID: PMC8835854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma (CM) accounts for 5% of all ocular melanomas and arises from malignantly transformed melanocytes in the conjunctival epithelium. Current therapies using surgical excision in combination with chemo- or cryotherapy still have high rates for recurrences and metastatic disease. Lately, novel signal transduction-targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitors like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) receptor inhibitors, BRAF- or MEK-inhibitors for systemic treatment of melanoma have improved the outcome even for unresectable cutaneous melanoma, improving patient survival dramatically. The use of these therapies is now also recommended for CM; however, the immunological background of CM is barely known, underlining the need for research to better understand the immunological basics when treating CM patients with immunomodulatory therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors activate tumor defense by interrupting inhibitory interactions between tumor cells and T lymphocytes at the so-called checkpoints. The tumor cells exploit these inhibitory targets on T-cells that are usually used by dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are antigen-presenting cells at the forefront of immune response induction. They contribute to immune tolerance and immune defense but in the case of tumor development, immune tolerance is often prevalent. Enhancing the immune response via DCs, interfering with the lymphatic pathways during immune cell migration and tumor development and specifically targeting tumor cells is a major therapeutic opportunity for many tumor entities including CM. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the function of lymphatic vessels in tumor growth and immune cell transport and continues to compare DC subsets in CM with related melanomas, such as cutaneous melanoma and mucosal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Peil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Rebecca Schmidt
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Ludwig M. Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L. Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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10
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Gleisner MA, Pereda C, Tittarelli A, Navarrete M, Fuentes C, Ávalos I, Tempio F, Araya JP, Becker MI, González FE, López MN, Salazar-Onfray F. A heat-shocked melanoma cell lysate vaccine enhances tumor infiltration by prototypic effector T cells inhibiting tumor growth. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000999. [PMID: 32690772 PMCID: PMC7373330 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blocker (ICB) therapy has shown survival benefits for some patients with cancer. Nevertheless, many individuals remain refractory or acquire resistance to treatment, motivating the exploration of complementary immunotherapies. Accordingly, cancer vaccines offer an attractive alternative. Optimal delivery of multiple tumor-associated antigens combined with potent adjuvants seems to be crucial for vaccine effectiveness. METHODS Here, a prototype for a generic melanoma vaccine, named TRIMELVax, was tested using B16F10 mouse melanoma model. This vaccine is made of heat shock-treated tumor cell lysates combined with the Concholepas concholepas hemocyanin as adjuvant. RESULTS While B16F10 lysate provides appropriate melanoma-associated antigens, both a generic human melanoma cell lysate and hemocyanin adjuvant contributes with danger signals promoting conventional dendritic type 1 cells (cDC1), activation, phagocytosis and effective antigen cross-presentation. TRIMELVax inhibited tumor growth and increased mice survival, inducing cellular and humoral immune responses. Furthermore, this vaccine generated an increased frequency of intratumor cDC1s but not conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2s). Augmented infiltration of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was also observed, compared with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monotherapy, while TRIMELVax/anti-PD-1 combination generated higher tumor infiltration of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, TRIMELVax promoted an augmented proportion of PD-1lo CD8+ T cells in tumors, a phenotype associated with prototypic effector cells required for tumor growth control, preventing dysfunctional T-cell accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic vaccine TRIMELVax efficiently controls the weakly immunogenic and aggressive B16F10 melanoma tumor growth, prolonging tumor-bearing mice survival even in the absence of ICB. The strong immunogenicity shown by TRIMELVax encourages clinical studies in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Navarrete
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Fuentes
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Ávalos
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Tempio
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Araya
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Inés Becker
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Avenida Eduardo Castillo Velasco 2902, Santiago, Chile.,Biosonda Corporation, Avenida Eduardo Castillo Velasco 2902, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín Eduardo González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes Natalia López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile .,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile .,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Izosimova AV, Yuzhakova DV, Skatova VD, Volchkova LN, Zagainova EV, Chudakov DM, Sharonov GV. Deciphering Repertoire of B16 Melanoma Reactive TCRs by Immunization, In Vitro Restimulation and Sequencing of IFNγ-Secreting T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189859. [PMID: 34576023 PMCID: PMC8469664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have great promise for the treatment of solid tumors. One of the key limiting factors that hamper the decoding of physiological responses to these therapies is the inability to distinguish between specific and nonspecific responses. The identification of tumor-specific lymphocytes is also the most challenging step in cancer cell therapies such as adoptive cell transfer and T cell receptor (TCR) cloning. Here, we have elaborated a protocol for the identification of tumor-specific T lymphocytes and the deciphering of their repertoires. B16 melanoma engraftment following anti-PD1 checkpoint therapy provides better antitumor immunity compared to repetitive immunization with heat-shocked tumor cells. We have also revealed that the most error-prone part of dendritic cell (DC) generation, i.e., their maturation step, can be omitted if DCs are cultured at a sufficiently high density. Using this optimized protocol, we have achieved a robust IFNγ response to B16F0 antigens, but only within CD4+ T helper cells. A comparison of the repertoires of IFNγ-positive and -negative cells shows a prominent enrichment of certain clones with putative tumor specificity among the IFNγ+ fraction. In summary, our optimized protocol and the data provided here will aid in the acquisition of broad statistical data and the creation of a meaningful database of B16-specific TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Izosimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.V.I.); (D.V.Y.); (L.N.V.); (E.V.Z.); (D.M.C.)
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Diana V. Yuzhakova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.V.I.); (D.V.Y.); (L.N.V.); (E.V.Z.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Valeria D. Skatova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilia N. Volchkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.V.I.); (D.V.Y.); (L.N.V.); (E.V.Z.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Elena V. Zagainova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.V.I.); (D.V.Y.); (L.N.V.); (E.V.Z.); (D.M.C.)
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry M. Chudakov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.V.I.); (D.V.Y.); (L.N.V.); (E.V.Z.); (D.M.C.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - George V. Sharonov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.V.I.); (D.V.Y.); (L.N.V.); (E.V.Z.); (D.M.C.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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12
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The Immune Privilege of Cancer Stem Cells: A Key to Understanding Tumor Immune Escape and Therapy Failure. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092361. [PMID: 34572009 PMCID: PMC8469208 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are broadly considered immature, multipotent, tumorigenic cells within the tumor mass, endowed with the ability to self-renew and escape immune control. All these features contribute to place CSCs at the pinnacle of tumor aggressiveness and (immune) therapy resistance. The immune privileged status of CSCs is induced and preserved by various mechanisms that directly affect them (e.g., the downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I) and indirectly are induced in the host immune cells (e.g., activation of immune suppressive cells). Therefore, deeper insights into the immuno-biology of CSCs are essential in our pursuit to find new therapeutic opportunities that eradicate cancer (stem) cells. Here, we review and discuss the ability of CSCs to evade the innate and adaptive immune system, as we offer a view of the immunotherapeutic strategies adopted to potentiate and address specific subsets of (engineered) immune cells against CSCs.
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13
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Villar J, Salazar ML, Jiménez JM, Campo MD, Manubens A, Gleisner MA, Ávalos I, Salazar-Onfray F, Salazar F, Mitchell DA, Alshahrani MY, Martínez-Pomares L, Becker MI. C-type lectin receptors MR and DC-SIGN are involved in recognition of hemocyanins, shaping their immunostimulatory effects on human dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1715-1731. [PMID: 33891704 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemocyanins are used as immunomodulators in clinical applications because they induce a strong Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity, which has beneficial effects. They are multiligand glycosylated molecules with abundant and complex mannose-rich structures. It remains unclear whether these structures influence hemocyanin-induced immunostimulatory processes in human APCs. We have previously shown that hemocyanin glycans from Concholepas concholepas (CCH), Fissurella latimarginata (FLH), and Megathura crenulata (KLH), participate in their immune recognition and immunogenicity in mice, interacting with murine C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Here, we studied the interactions of these hemocyanins with two major mannose-binding CLRs on monocyte-derived human DCs: MR (mannose receptor) and DC-SIGN (DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin). Diverse analyses showed that hemocyanins are internalized by a mannose-sensitive mechanism. This process was calcium dependent. Moreover, hemocyanins colocalized with MR and DC-SIGN, and were partly internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The hemocyanin-mediated proinflammatory cytokine response was impaired when using deglycosylated FLH and KLH compared to CCH. We further showed that hemocyanins bind to human MR and DC-SIGN in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with affinity constants in the physiological concentration range. Overall, we showed that these three clinically valuable hemocyanins interact with human mannose-sensitive CLRs, initiating an immune response and promoting a Th1 cell-driving potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Villar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle L Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Jiménez
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Augusto Manubens
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile.,Biosonda Corporation, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Ávalos
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile.,Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A Mitchell
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - María Inés Becker
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile.,Biosonda Corporation, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Miwa S, Nojima T, Alomesen AA, Ikeda H, Yamamoto N, Nishida H, Hayashi K, Takeuchi A, Igarashi K, Higuchi T, Yonezawa H, Araki Y, Morinaga S, Asano Y, Tsuchiya H. Associations of PD-L1, PD-L2, and HLA class I expression with responses to immunotherapy in patients with advanced sarcoma: post hoc analysis of a phase 1/2 trial. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1620-1629. [PMID: 33635466 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immunotherapy is thought to be a promising cancer treatment, most patients do not respond to immunotherapy. In this post hoc analysis of a phase 1/2 study, associations of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-L2, and HLA class I expressions with responses to dendritic cells (DCs)-based immunotherapy were investigated in patients with advanced sarcoma. METHODS This study enrolled 35 patients with metastatic and/or recurrent sarcomas who underwent DC-based immunotherapy. The associations of PD-L1, PD-L2, and HLA class I expressions in tumor specimens, which were resected before immunotherapy, with immune responses (increases of IFN-γ and IL-12) and oncological outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Patients who were PD-L2 (+) showed lower increases of IFN-γ and IL-12 after DC-based immunotherapy than patients who were PD-L2 (-). The disease control (partial response or stable disease) rates of patients who were PD-L1 (+) and PD-L1 (-) were 0% and 22%, respectively. Disease control rates of patients who were PD-L2 (+) and PD-L2 (-) were 13% and 22%, respectively. Patients who were PD-L1 (+) tumors had significantly poorer overall survival compared with patients who were PD-L1 (-). No associations of HLA class I expression with the immune response or oncological outcomes were observed. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PD-L1 and PD-L2 are promising biomarkers of DC-based immunotherapy, and that addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to DC-based immunotherapy may improve the outcomes of DC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - T Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - A A Alomesen
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - N Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - H Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - K Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - A Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - K Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - T Higuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - H Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Y Araki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - S Morinaga
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Y Asano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - H Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
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15
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In Vivo Antitumor Effect against Murine Cells of CT26 Colon Cancer and EL4 Lymphoma by Autologous Whole Tumor Dead Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6626851. [PMID: 33623783 PMCID: PMC7875630 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Active immunotherapy against cancer is based on immune system stimulation, triggering efficient and long-lasting antigen-specific immune responses. Immunization strategies using whole dead cells from tumor tissue, containing specific antigens inside, have become a promising approach, providing efficient lymphocyte activation through dendritic cells (DCs). In this work, we generate whole dead tumor cells from CT26, E.G7, and EL4 live tumor cells as antigen sources, which termed immunogenic cell bodies (ICBs), generated by a simple and cost-efficient starvation-protocol, in order to determine whether are capable of inducing a transversal anticancer response regardless of the tumor type, in a similar way to what we describe previously with B16 melanoma. We evaluated the anticancer effects of immunization with doses of ICBs in syngeneic murine tumor models. Our results showed that mice's immunization with ICBs-E.G7 and ICBs-CT26 generate 18% and 25% of tumor-free animals, respectively. On the other hand, all carrying tumor-animals and immunized with ICBs, including ICBs-EL4, showed a significant delay in their growth compared to not immunized animals. These effects relate to DCs maturation, cytokine production, increase in CD4+T-bet+ and CD4+ROR-γt+ population, and decrease of T regulatory lymphocytes in the spleen. Altogether, our data suggest that whole dead tumor cell-based cancer immunotherapy generated by a simple starvation protocol is a promising way to develop complementary, innovative, and affordable antitumor therapies in a broad spectrum of tumors.
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16
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Barrera-Avalos C, Mena J, López X, Cappelli C, Neira T, Imarai M, Fernández R, Robles-Planells C, Rojo LE, Milla LA, Leiva-Salcedo E, Escobar A, Acuña-Castillo C. Adenosine triphosphate, polymyxin B and B16 cell-derived immunization induce anticancer response. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:309-326. [PMID: 33397152 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Whole dead tumor cells can be used as antigen source and the induction of protective immune response could be enhanced by damage-associated molecular patterns. Materials & methods: We generated whole dead tumor cells called B16-immunogenic cell bodies (ICBs) from B16 melanoma cells by nutrient starvation and evaluated the in vivo antitumor effect of B16-ICBs plus ATP and polymyxin B (PMB). Results: The subcutaneous immunization with B16-ICBs + PMB + ATP a 50% of tumor-free animals and induced a significant delay in tumor growth in a prophylactic approach. These results correlated with maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and activation of T CD8+ lymphocytes in vitro. Conclusion: Altogether, ICB + ATP + PMB is efficient in inducing the antitumor efficacy of the whole dead tumor cells vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barrera-Avalos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Mena
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena López
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cappelli
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Tanya Neira
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudia Robles-Planells
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonel E Rojo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Milla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Aplicadas, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elías Leiva-Salcedo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Acuña-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Varela-Vázquez A, Guitián-Caamaño A, Carpintero-Fernandez P, Fonseca E, Sayedyahossein S, Aasen T, Penuela S, Mayán MD. Emerging functions and clinical prospects of connexins and pannexins in melanoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188380. [PMID: 32461135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular communication through gap junctions and hemichannels formed by connexins and through channels made by pannexins allows for metabolic cooperation and control of cellular activity and signalling. These channel proteins have been described to be tumour suppressors that regulate features such as cell death, proliferation and differentiation. However, they display cancer type-dependent and stage-dependent functions and may facilitate tumour progression through junctional and non-junctional pathways. The accumulated knowledge and emerging strategies to target connexins and pannexins are providing novel clinical opportunities for the treatment of cancer. Here, we provide an updated overview of the role of connexins and pannexins in malignant melanoma. We discuss how targeting of these channel proteins may be used to potentiate antitumour effects in therapeutic settings, including through improved immune-mediated tumour elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Varela-Vázquez
- CellCOM Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Amanda Guitián-Caamaño
- CellCOM Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Carpintero-Fernandez
- CellCOM Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fonseca
- CellCOM Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; Dermatology Deparment, University Hospital of A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Samar Sayedyahossein
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Trond Aasen
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - María D Mayán
- CellCOM Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain.
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18
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Luo Y, Chen J, Liu M, Chen S, Su X, Su J, Zhao C, Han Z, Shi M, Ma X, Huang H. Twist1 promotes dendritic cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Exp Cell Res 2020; 392:112003. [PMID: 32278689 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in autoimmunity, immune homeostasis, and presentation of tumor antigens to T cells in order to prime antitumor responses. The number of tumor-infiltrating DCs is associated with survival and prognosis in cancer. Twist1 is a well-known regulator of tumor initiation and promotion, but whether and how DC-derived Twist1 regulates antitumor responses remains poorly understood. Here, we generated a mouse line with Twist1 conditionally depleted in DCs and found that Twist1-deficiency in DCs did not affect the DCs and T cell homeostasis under steady-state conditions; however, in melanoma models, the proportion of conventional DCs (cDCs) in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) was significantly decreased. Accordingly, a decreased ratio and number of tumor-infiltrating cDCs were observed, which reduced the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Furthermore, production of IFN-γ, a crucial antitumor factor, by T cells, was dramatically decreased, which can further dampen the T cell antitumor functions. Collectively, our data indicate that Twist1 in DCs regulates antitumor functions by maintain the number of tumor-infiltrating DCs and T cells, and their antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiadi Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maolan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiuhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mingxia Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Xiaotong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Huifang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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19
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Danilova A, Misyurin V, Novik A, Girdyuk D, Avdonkina N, Nekhaeva T, Emelyanova N, Pipia N, Misyurin A, Baldueva I. Cancer/testis antigens expression during cultivation of melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma cells. Clin Sarcoma Res 2020; 10:3. [PMID: 32042403 PMCID: PMC6998350 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-020-0125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are a promising approach for anticancer immunotherapy. Polyantigen lysates appear to be an excellent source of TAAs for loading onto the patient's dendritic cells. Cancer/testis antigens (CTA) are expressed by a wide range of tumors, but are minimally expressed on normal tissues, and could serve as a universal target for immunotherapy. However, CTA expression levels can vary significantly in patients with the same tumor type. We proposed that patients who do not respond to DC-based therapy may have distinct features of the CTA expression profile on tumor cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the gene expression of the principal families CTA in 22 melanoma and 27 soft tissue and bone sarcomas cell lines (STBS), received from patients and used for DC vaccine preparation. RESULTS The majority (47 of 49, 95.9%) cell lines showed CTA gene activity. The incidence of gene expression of GAGE, NYESO1, MAGEA1, PRAME's was significantly different (adj. p < 0.05) between melanoma and sarcoma cell lines. The expression of the SCP1 gene was detected neither in melanoma cells nor in the STBS cells. Clustering by the gene expression profile revealed four different expression patterns. We found three main patterns types: hyperexpression of multiple CTA, hyperexpression of one CTA with almost no expression of others, and no expression of CTA. All clusters types exist in melanoma and sarcoma cell lines. We observed dependence of killing efficacy from the PRAME (rho = 0.940, adj. p < 0.01) expression during real-time monitoring with the xCELLigence system of the interaction between melanoma or sarcoma cells with the T-lymphocytes activated by the lysate of selected allogenous melanoma cell lines with high expression of CTA. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that one can use lysates from allogeneic melanoma cell lines as a source of CTA for DC load during the production of anticancer vaccines for the STBS treatment. Patterns of CTA expression should be evaluated as biomarkers of response in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Danilova
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
- Department of Oncoimmunology, N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod Misyurin
- N.N. Blokhin’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow, 115478 Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Novik
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Girdyuk
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Avdonkina
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Nekhaeva
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Emelyanova
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Nino Pipia
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Misyurin
- N.N. Blokhin’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow, 115478 Russian Federation
| | - Irina Baldueva
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
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20
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Dendritic Cells Loaded with Heat Shock-Conditioned Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma Cell Lysates Elicit T Cell-Dependent Antitumor Immune Responses In Vitro. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9631515. [PMID: 31886313 PMCID: PMC6899292 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9631515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian epithelial carcinoma (OEC) is the most frequent ovarian tumor, characterized by a high mortality in advanced stages where conventional therapies are not effective. Based on the role of the immune system in the progression of this disease, immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade has been considered as a therapeutic alternative. Nevertheless, its results do not match up to the positive results in entities like melanoma and other malignancies, suggesting the need to find other therapies to be used alone or in combination. Dendritic cell- (DC-) based vaccines have shown promising results in several types of cancer, such as melanoma, prostate, and lung cancers, due to the essential role played by DCs in the activation of specific T cells, thus using other ways of activating the immune response than immune checkpoint blockade. During the last decade, we have used DC-based vaccines loaded with an allogeneic heat shock-conditioned melanoma cell lysate in the treatment of advanced stage patients in a series of clinical trials. In these studies, 60% of treated patients showed immunological responses which correlated positively with improved survival. Considering the relevance of ovarian cancer and the promising results of our DC-based vaccine, we show here that heat shock-conditioned cell lysates derived from ovarian epithelial carcinoma cell lines have the potential to induce the phenotypic and functional maturation of human DC, which in turn, is able to induce an efficient CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses against ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. In summary, OEC heat shock-conditioned cell lysate-loaded DCs may be considered for future combined immunotherapy approaches against ovarian tumors.
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21
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Robles-Planells C, Michelson SA, Mena J, Escrig D, Rojas JL, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Hernández R, Barrera-Avalos C, Rojo LE, Sauma D, Kalergis AM, Imarai M, Fernández R, Robles CA, Leiva-Salcedo E, Santander R, Escobar A, Acuña-Castillo C. Lithraea caustic (Litre) Extract Promotes an Antitumor Response Against B16 Melanoma. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1201. [PMID: 31695610 PMCID: PMC6817581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma immunotherapy, specifically the autotransplant of dendritic cells charged with tumors antigens, has shown promising results in clinical trials. The positive clinical effects of this therapy have been associated to increased Th17 response and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against to tumor antigens. Some synthetic compounds, such as diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP), are capable of triggering a DTH response in cutaneous malignancies and also to induce clinically relevant effects against melanoma. In this work, we evaluated Litre extract (LExT), a standardized extract of a Chilean stinging plant, Lithraea caustic (Litre). As Litre plant is known to induce DTH, we used a murine B16 melanoma model to compare the topical and intratumor efficacy of LExT with synthetic DTH inducers (DPCP and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene [DNCB]). LExt contained mainly long chain catechols and sesquiterpenes. The intratumor injection of LExT induced a significant delay in tumor growth, similarly topical treatment of an established tumor with 0.1% LExT ointment induced a growth delay and even tumor regression in 15% of treated animals. No significant changes were observed on the T-cell populations associated to LExT treatment, and neither DNCB nor DPCP were capable to induce none of the LExT-induced antitumoral effects. Interestingly, our results indicate that LExT induces an antitumor response against melanoma in a mouse model and could bring a new –and affordable- treatment for melanoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Robles-Planells
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofia A Michelson
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Mena
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Escrig
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan L Rojas
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronny Hernández
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Barrera-Avalos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonel E Rojo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute Immunology and Immunotherapy, FOCIS Center of Excellence, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Carolina A Robles
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elías Leiva-Salcedo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocio Santander
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Laboratorio Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Acuña-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Gorabi AM, Hajighasemi S, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Cell transfer-based immunotherapies in cancer: A review. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:790-800. [PMID: 31633881 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In cell transfer therapy (CTT), immune cells such as innate immune-derived natural killer cells and dendritic cells as well as acquired immune-related T lymphocytes such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cytokine-activated or genetically modified peripheral blood T cells are used in the management of cancer. These therapies are increasingly becoming the most used treatment modality in cancer after tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In adoptive cell transfer, the lymphocytes isolated from either a donor or the patient are modified ex vivo and reinfused to target malignant cells. Transferring in vitro-manipulated immune cells produces a continuous antitumor immune response. In this review, we evaluate the recent advances in CTT for the management of various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita M Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Hajighasemi
- Faculty of Paramedicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Doix B, Trempolec N, Riant O, Feron O. Low Photosensitizer Dose and Early Radiotherapy Enhance Antitumor Immune Response of Photodynamic Therapy-Based Dendritic Cell Vaccination. Front Oncol 2019; 9:811. [PMID: 31508370 PMCID: PMC6718637 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). The clinical use of photosensitizers (PS) to stimulate an anticancer immune response, and not to sterilize tumor cells, may however require some optimizations. Here, we examined how the dose of PS and the scheduling of PDT influence the generation of danger-associated molecular patterns proteins (DAMPs) and favor T cell antitumor activity. We found that upon photoactivation, a low dose of the non-porphyrinic PS OR141 was more prone than higher doses to induce DAMPs in vitro and to inhibit squamous cell carcinoma growth in mice. We further used PDT-killed cancer cells to prime dendritic cells (DC) and stimulate their maturation to evaluate whether the timing of their injection could influence the antitumor effects of radiotherapy. While PDT-based DC vaccination administered before radiotherapy failed to increase tumor growth inhibition, DC injection in the peri-radiotherapy period led to significant tumor growth delay, emphasizing the importance of the coincidence of T cell activation and alterations of the tumor bed. In conclusion, the use of OR141 as a bona fide ICD inducer led us to unravel both the non-linear relationship between PS concentration and PDT-induced antitumor immune response, and the value of an optimal timing of PDT when co-administered with conventional anticancer therapies. This study therefore stresses the necessity of adapting the clinical use of PDT when the goal is to promote an immune response and identifies PDT-based DC vaccination as a suitable modality to reach such objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Doix
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Natalia Trempolec
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (IMCN/MOST), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Falcón-Beas C, Tittarelli A, Mora-Bau G, Tempio F, Pérez C, Hevia D, Behrens C, Flores I, Falcón-Beas F, Garrido P, Ascui G, Pereda C, González FE, Salazar-Onfray F, López MN. Dexamethasone turns tumor antigen-presenting cells into tolerogenic dendritic cells with T cell inhibitory functions. Immunobiology 2019; 224:697-705. [PMID: 31221438 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are usually immunogenic, but they are also capable of inducing tolerance under anti-inflammatory conditions. Immunotherapy based on autologous DCs loaded with an allogeneic melanoma cell lysate (TRIMEL/DCs) induces immunological responses and increases melanoma patient survival. Glucocorticoids can suppress DC maturation and function, leading to a DC-mediated inhibition of T cell responses. METHODS The effect of dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid extensively used in cancer therapies, on TRIMEL/DCs phenotype and immunogenicity was examined. RESULTS Dexamethasone induced a semi-mature phenotype on TRIMEL/DC with low maturation surface marker expressions, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine induction (IL-1β and IL-12) and increased release of regulatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). Dexamethasone-treated TRIMEL/DCs inhibited allogeneic CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine release (IFNγ, TNF-α and IL-17). Co-culturing melanoma-specific memory tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with dexamethasone-treated TRIMEL/DC inhibited proliferation and effector T cell activities, including cytokine secretion and anti-melanoma cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dexamethasone repressed melanoma cell lysate-mediated DC maturation, generating a potent tolerogenic-like DC phenotype that inhibited melanoma-specific effector T cell activities. These results suggest that dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression may interfere with the clinical efficacy of DC-based melanoma vaccines, and must be taken into account for optimal design of cellular therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Falcón-Beas
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Mora-Bau
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Tempio
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Pérez
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Cell Therapy Laboratory, Blood Bank Service, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Hevia
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Behrens
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Flores
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Falcón-Beas
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Garrido
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Ascui
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín E González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes N López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Cell Therapy Laboratory, Blood Bank Service, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
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Belderbos RA, Aerts JGJV, Vroman H. Enhancing Dendritic Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors with Immunomodulating Conventional Treatment. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 13:67-81. [PMID: 31020037 PMCID: PMC6475716 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells and are the key initiator of tumor-specific immune responses. These characteristics are exploited by DC therapy, where DCs are ex vivo loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and used to induce tumor-specific immune responses. Unfortunately, clinical responses remain limited to a proportion of the patients. Tumor characteristics and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of the tumor are likely hampering efficacy of DC therapy. Therefore, reducing the immunosuppressive TME by combining DC therapy with other treatments could be a promising strategy. Initially, conventional cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, were thought to specifically target cancerous cells. Recent insights indicate that these therapies additionally augment tumor immunity by targeting immunosuppressive cell subsets in the TME, inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), or blocking inhibitory molecules. Therefore, combining DC therapy with registered therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or checkpoint inhibitors could be a promising treatment strategy to improve the efficacy of DC therapy. In this review, we evaluate various clinical applicable combination strategies to improve the efficacy of DC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Belderbos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Abstract
In the current era of checkpoint inhibitors, some patients with metastatic melanoma have shown a significant improvement in survival. However, optimization of immunotherapy is an ongoing effort. Monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MODC) vaccines have been shown in clinical trials to be safe and capable of inducing tumor-specific immunity as well as occasional objective clinical responses. Here, we conducted a three-arm pilot clinical study in 15 patients with metastatic melanoma to evaluate three types of MODC vaccines, differing only by strategies of tumor antigen delivery. MODCs were isolated from each patient and loaded with patients' own melanoma cells as sources of antigens. Antigen loading was achieved ex vivo by fusing melanoma cells with MODCs, co-culturing melanoma cells with MODCs, or by pulsing MODCs with melanoma cell lysates. The vaccines were then injected into superficial lymph nodes using high-resolution ultrasound guidance. Primary end points included delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and positive ELISpot result, which measures interferon-γ production. Five of 15 patients achieved delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and six of 15 patients had positive ELISpot results. We demonstrated that the vaccines were safe and well-tolerated by all patients and produced immunological responses in all arms. Although MODC vaccine monotherapy has limited efficacy, combining this vaccine with other immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors, to engage multiple components of the immune system may be an effective and viable future approach.
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Medel B, Costoya C, Fernandez D, Pereda C, Lladser A, Sauma D, Pacheco R, Iwawaki T, Salazar-Onfray F, Osorio F. IRE1α Activation in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Modulates Innate Recognition of Melanoma Cells and Favors CD8 + T Cell Priming. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3050. [PMID: 30687308 PMCID: PMC6338037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The IRE1α/XBP1s signaling pathway is an arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that safeguards the fidelity of the cellular proteome during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and that has also emerged as a key regulator of dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis. However, in the context of DC activation, the regulation of the IRE1α/XBP1s axis is not fully understood. In this work, we report that cell lysates generated from melanoma cell lines markedly induce XBP1s and certain members of the UPR such as the chaperone BiP in bone marrow derived DCs (BMDCs). Activation of IRE1α endonuclease upon innate recognition of melanoma cell lysates was required for amplification of proinflammatory cytokine production and was necessary for efficient cross-presentation of melanoma-associated antigens without modulating the MHC-II antigen presentation machinery. Altogether, this work provides evidence indicating that ex-vivo activation of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway in BMDCs enhances CD8+ T cell specific responses against tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardita Medel
- Program of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Costoya
- Program of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Fernandez
- Program of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Pereda
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Immunology, Laboratory of Antitumor Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Laboratory of Immunoncology, Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Immunology, Laboratory of Antitumor Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Program of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Lee HM, Okuda KS, González FE, Patel V. Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:11-34. [PMID: 31576537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Lee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazuhida Shaun Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Li J, Huang S, Zhou Z, Lin W, Chen S, Chen M, Ye Y. Exosomes derived from rAAV/AFP-transfected dendritic cells elicit specific T cell-mediated immune responses against hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4945-4957. [PMID: 30464595 PMCID: PMC6214341 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s178326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes (Dexs) have been proved to induce and enhance antigen-specific T cell responses in vivo, and previous clinical trials have shown the feasibility and safety of Dexs in multiple human cancers. However, there is little knowledge on the efficacy of Dexs against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) until now. Methods In this study, human peripheral blood-derived DCs were loaded with recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV)-carrying alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene (rAAV/AFP), and high-purity Dexs were generated. Then naive T cells were stimulated with Dexs to investigate the specific T cell-mediated immune responses against HCC. Results Our findings showed that Dexs were effective to stimulate naive T cell proliferation and induce T cell activation to become antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), thereby exhibiting antitumor immune responses against HCC. In addition, Dex-sensitized DC precursors seemed more effective to trigger major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I)-restricted CTL response and allow DCs to make full use of the minor antigen peptides, thereby maximally activating specific immune responses against HCC. Conclusion It is concluded that Dexs, which combine the advantages of DCs and cell-free vectors, are promising to completely, or at least in part, replace mature DCs (mDCs) to function as cancer vaccines or natural antitumor adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China, .,Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China, .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China,
| | - Shenglan Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China,
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China, .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China,
| | - Wansong Lin
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China, .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China,
| | - Shuping Chen
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China, .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China,
| | - Mingshui Chen
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China, .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China,
| | - Yunbin Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China, .,Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China, .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China,
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Dobrovolskienė N, Pašukonienė V, Darinskas A, Kraśko JA, Žilionytė K, Mlynska A, Gudlevičienė Ž, Mišeikytė-Kaubrienė E, Schijns V, Lubitz W, Kudela P, Strioga M. Tumor lysate-loaded Bacterial Ghosts as a tool for optimized production of therapeutic dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines. Vaccine 2018; 36:4171-4180. [PMID: 29895501 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines has been used to treat various malignancies for more than two decades, however generally showed a limited clinical success. Among various factors responsible for their modest clinical activity is the lack of universally applied, standardized protocols for the generation of clinical-grade DC vaccines, capable of inducing effective anti-tumor immune responses. We investigated Bacterial Ghosts (BGs) - empty envelopes of Gram-negative bacteria - as a tool for optimized production of DC vaccines. BGs possess various intact cell surface structures, exhibiting strong adjuvant properties required for the induction of DC maturation, whereas their empty internal space can be easily filled with a source tumor antigens, e.g. tumor lysate. Hence BGs emerge as an excellent platform for both the induction of immunogenic DC maturation and loading with tumor antigens in a single-step procedure. We compared the phenotype, cytokine secretion profile, functional activity and ability to induce immunogenic T-cell responses in vitro of human monocyte-derived DCs generated using BG platform and DCs matured with widely used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-γ cocktail and loaded with tumor lysate. Both approaches induced DC maturation, however BG-based protocol was superior to LPS-based protocol in terms of the ability to induce DCs with a lower tolerogenic potential, resulting in a more robust CD8+ T cell activation and their functional activity as well as significantly lower induction of regulatory T cells. These superior parameters are attributed, at least in part, to the ability of BG-matured DCs to resist potential immunosuppressive and pro-tolerogenic activity of various tumor cell lysates, including melanoma, renal carcinoma and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dobrovolskienė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - V Pašukonienė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - A Darinskas
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; JSC "Froceth", Linkmenų g. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J A Kraśko
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; JSC "Froceth", Linkmenų g. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - K Žilionytė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - A Mlynska
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ž Gudlevičienė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - E Mišeikytė-Kaubrienė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Schijns
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), ERC-The Netherlands, 5374 RE Schaijk, The Netherlands.
| | - W Lubitz
- BIRD-C GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Bohrgasse 2-8/14/1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - P Kudela
- BIRD-C GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Bohrgasse 2-8/14/1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Strioga
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Yu J, Dubey S, Kalia YN. Needle-free cutaneous delivery of living human cells by Er:YAG fractional laser ablation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:559-566. [PMID: 29737215 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1472570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatological diseases, including most skin cancers and rare genetic conditions frequently originate in the epidermis. Targeted, topical cell-based therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we present the first report demonstrating that fractional laser ablation enables local 'needle-free' intraepidermal delivery of living human cells. METHODS The cells penetrated porcine ear skin via microchannels created by Er:YAG fractional laser ablation; cell delivery was quantified using a haemocytometer. Cutaneous distribution was confirmed visually by laser scanning confocal microscopy and histological analysis. RESULTS Total cell delivery (sum of amounts permeated and deposited) after 24 h increased from 5.7 ± 0.1 x105 to 9.6 ± 1.6 x105 cells/cm2 when increasing pore density from 300 to 600 pores/cm2, - corresponding to 19- and 32-fold increases over the control. At 600 pores/cm2, cell deposition was 136-fold greater than cell permeation - the latter most likely due to transport from micropores into appendageal pathways. Production of GFP post-delivery confirmed cell remained viability. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the feasibility of using controlled laser microporation to achieve local 'needle-free' cutaneous delivery of living human cells to the epidermis and dermis. This raises the possibility of using this technique for targeted new approaches for dermatological therapy in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Science, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China.,b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Sachin Dubey
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland.,c Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA , La Chaux de Fond , Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland
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Correlates of immune and clinical activity of novel cancer vaccines. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:119-136. [PMID: 29709421 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are solely meant to amplify the pool of type 1 cytokine oriented CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that recognize tumor antigen and ultimately foster control and destruction of a growing tumor. They are not designed to deal with all aspects of immune ignorance, exclusion, suppression and escape that are generally in place in patients with cancer and may prevent the T cells to enter the tumor or to exert their effector function. This simple fact prompted for a reappraisal of the many recent trials in which therapeutic cancer vaccines have been examined as monotherapy. In this review, I focus on trials examining therapeutic cancer vaccines at different stages of existing disease. The analysis of vaccine-induced immune responses and clinical activity of therapeutic cancer vaccines revealed four levels of evidence for vaccine efficacy. The lowest levels, reflect the many trials in which the strength of the tumor-reactive T cell response of vaccinated patients is associated with better clinical outcome or change in tumor marker. The highest levels indicate occasional regressions of tumors and metastases after vaccination or reflect a stronger clinical impact of vaccine in a randomized trial. A whole series of trials in which vaccine-induced tumor immunity correlates with the clinical impact of cancer vaccines in premalignant diseases, settings of low tumor burden or tumor regressions in patients with cancer, form an attest to the fact that cancer vaccines work. While the current number of true clinical responders in each cancer trial is too low for firm conclusions on immune correlates of clinical reactivity in cancer, extrapolation of the results from vaccinated patients with pre-cancers suggest a requirement of broad type 1 T cell reactivity.
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Peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy for stage IV melanoma. Melanoma Res 2018; 27:326-334. [PMID: 28263240 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of peptide-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy (DCCP) for patients with stage IV melanoma previously treated with dacarbazine-containing regimen. Six HLA-A24 and 3 HLA-A02 patients were treated with carboplatin (area under the curve 5) and paclitaxel (175 mg/m) on day 1 and DCs (2×10 cells) pulsed with Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1), gp100, tyrosinase, and either MAGE-A3 (for HLA-A24) or MAGE-A2 (for HLA-A02) peptides on days 8 and 22 in 28-day cycle for up to three cycles. DCCP was well tolerated, and median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 2.3 and 12.0 months, respectively. In four of nine patients, a WT1-specific immune response (WT1-IR) was detected using the interferon-γ enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot assay and WT1/HLA tetramer assay. DCCP was more likely to elicit a WT1-IR in patients who received DCs pulsed with the HLA-A24-restricted peptide (75%) compared with patients who received DCs pulsed with the HLA-A02-restricted peptide (0%, P=0.058). Furthermore, three (75%) of four patients with a WT1-IR survived longer than 12 months, whereas only one (20%) of five patients without a WT1-IR who received the BRAF inhibitor after DCCP survived longer than 12 months. These results suggest that DCCP may be beneficial for HLA-A24 melanoma patients with a WT1-IR.
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García-Salum T, Villablanca A, Matthäus F, Tittarelli A, Baeza M, Pereda C, Gleisner MA, González FE, López MN, Hoheisel JD, Norgauer J, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Salazar-Onfray F. Molecular signatures associated with tumor-specific immune response in melanoma patients treated with dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17014-17027. [PMID: 29682201 PMCID: PMC5908302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We previously showed that autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with an allogeneic heat shock (HS)-conditioned melanoma cell-derived lysate, called TRIMEL, induce T-cell-mediated immune responses in stage IV melanoma patients. Importantly, a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction against TRIMEL after vaccination, correlated with patients prolonged survival. Furthermore, we observed that DTH reaction was associated with a differential response pattern reflected in the presence of distinct cell subpopulations in peripheral blood. Detected variations in patient responses encouraged molecular studies aimed to identify gene expression profiles induced after vaccination in treated patients, allowing the identification of new molecular predictive markers. Methods Gene expression patterns were analyzed by microarrays during vaccination, and some of them confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) in the total leukocyte population of a representative group of responder and non-responder patients. New candidates for biomarkers with predictive value were identified using bioinformatics, molecular analysis, and flow cytometry. Results Seventeen genes overexpressed in responder patients after vaccination respect to non-responders were identified after a mathematical analysis, from which ten were linked to immune responses and five related to cell cycle control and signal transduction. In immunological responder patients, increased protein levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the Fc-receptor CD32 were observed on cell membranes of CD8+ T and B cells and the monocyte population, respectively, confirming gene expression results. Conclusions Our study contributes to finding new molecular markers associated with clinical outcome and better understanding of clinically relevant immunological responses induced by anti-tumor DC-vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara García-Salum
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Villablanca
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Franziska Matthäus
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and FIAS, University of Frankfurt, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Baeza
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - M Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín E González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes N López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Norgauer
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter J Gebicke-Haerter
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
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Rojas-Sepúlveda D, Tittarelli A, Gleisner MA, Ávalos I, Pereda C, Gallegos I, González FE, López MN, Butte JM, Roa JC, Fluxá P, Salazar-Onfray F. Tumor lysate-based vaccines: on the road to immunotherapy for gallbladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1897-1910. [PMID: 29600445 PMCID: PMC6244977 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on checkpoint blockers has proven survival benefits in patients with melanoma and other malignancies. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of treated patients remains refractory, suggesting that in combination with active immunizations, such as cancer vaccines, they could be helpful to improve response rates. During the last decade, we have used dendritic cell (DC) based vaccines where DCs loaded with an allogeneic heat-conditioned melanoma cell lysate were tested in a series of clinical trials. In these studies, 60% of stage IV melanoma DC-treated patients showed immunological responses correlating with improved survival. Further studies showed that an essential part of the clinical efficacy was associated with the use of conditioned lysates. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a high-incidence malignancy in South America. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of producing effective DCs using heat-conditioned cell lysates derived from gallbladder cancer cell lines (GBCCL). By characterizing nine different GBCCLs and several fresh tumor tissues, we found that they expressed some tumor-associated antigens such as CEA, MUC-1, CA19-9, Erb2, Survivin, and several carcinoembryonic antigens. Moreover, heat-shock treatment of GBCCLs induced calreticulin translocation and release of HMGB1 and ATP, both known to act as danger signals. Monocytes stimulated with combinations of conditioned lysates exhibited a potent increase of DC-maturation markers. Furthermore, conditioned lysate-matured DCs were capable of strongly inducing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation, in both allogeneic and autologous cell co-cultures. Finally, in vitro stimulated CD8+ T cells recognize HLA-matched GBCCLs. In summary, GBC cell lysate-loaded DCs may be considered for future immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Sepúlveda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, building H, Third floor, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, 7510157, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, building H, Third floor, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, building H, Third floor, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Ávalos
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, building H, Third floor, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, building H, Third floor, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Gallegos
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Clinic Hospital, Universidad de Chile, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín Eduardo González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes Natalia López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, building H, Third floor, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jean Michel Butte
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Institute of Oncology, 7500921, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330023, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Investigation in Translational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330023, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Fluxá
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, building H, Third floor, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, building H, Third floor, 8380453, Santiago, Chile. .,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.
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Proteomic Identification of Heat Shock-Induced Danger Signals in a Melanoma Cell Lysate Used in Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3982942. [PMID: 29744371 PMCID: PMC5878886 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3982942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with cancer cell-derived lysates have become a promising tool in cancer immunotherapy. During the last decade, we demonstrated that vaccination of advanced melanoma patients with autologous tumor antigen presenting cells (TAPCells) loaded with an allogeneic heat shock- (HS-) conditioned melanoma cell-derived lysate (called TRIMEL) is able to induce an antitumor immune response associated with a prolonged patient survival. TRIMEL provides not only a broad spectrum of potential melanoma-associated antigens but also danger signals that are crucial in the induction of a committed mature DC phenotype. However, potential changes induced by heat conditioning on the proteome of TRIMEL are still unknown. The identification of newly or differentially expressed proteins under defined stress conditions is relevant for understanding the lysate immunogenicity. Here, we characterized the proteomic profile of TRIMEL in response to HS treatment. A quantitative label-free proteome analysis of over 2800 proteins was performed, with 91 proteins that were found to be regulated by HS treatment: 18 proteins were overexpressed and 73 underexpressed. Additionally, 32 proteins were only identified in the HS-treated TRIMEL and 26 in non HS-conditioned samples. One protein from the overexpressed group and two proteins from the HS-exclusive group were previously described as potential damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Some of the HS-induced proteins, such as haptoglobin, could be also considered as DAMPs and candidates for further immunological analysis in the establishment of new putative danger signals with immunostimulatory functions.
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Fluxá P, Rojas-Sepúlveda D, Gleisner MA, Tittarelli A, Villegas P, Tapia L, Rivera MT, López MN, Catán F, Uribe M, Salazar-Onfray F. High CD8 + and absence of Foxp3 + T lymphocytes infiltration in gallbladder tumors correlate with prolonged patients survival. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:243. [PMID: 29499656 PMCID: PMC5833069 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC), although infrequent in industrialized countries, has high incidence rates in certain world regions, being a leading cause of death among elderly Chilean women. Surgery is the only effective treatment, and a five-year survival rate of advanced-stage patients is less than 10%. Hence, exploring immunotherapy is relevant, although GBC immunogenicity is poorly understood. This study examined the relationship between the host immune response and GBC patient survival based on the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes at different disease stages. METHODS Tumor tissues from 80 GBC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and Foxp3+ T cell populations, and the results were associated with clinical stage and patient survival. RESULTS The majority of tumor samples showed CD3+ T cell infiltration, which correlated with better prognosis, particularly in advanced disease stages. CD8+, but not CD4+, T cell infiltration correlated with improved survival, particularly in advanced disease stages. Interestingly, a < 1 CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio was related with increased survival. Additionally, the presence of Foxp3+ T cells correlated with decreased patient survival, whereas a ≤ 1 Foxp3+/CD8+ T cell ratio was associated with improved patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the disease stage, the presence of CD8+ and absence of Foxp3+ T cell populations in tumor tissues correlated with improved GBC patient survival, and thus represent potential markers for prognosis and management of advanced disease, and supports testing of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fluxá
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Cirugía Oriente, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Rojas-Sepúlveda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Villegas
- Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital del Salvador, 7500922, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Tapia
- Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital del Salvador, 7500922, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Teresa Rivera
- Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital del Salvador, 7500922, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes Natalia López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Catán
- Departamento de Cirugía Oriente, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Uribe
- Departamento de Cirugía Oriente, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.
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A Dendritic Cell Vaccine Combined With Radiotherapy Activates the Specific Immune Response in Patients With Esophageal Cancer. J Immunother 2018; 40:71-76. [PMID: 28125513 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells. DC may be used to create DC vaccines against cancer, but the optimal strategies remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to examine the benefits and adverse effects of using esophageal cancer cell antigens to stimulate DC to trigger the specific immune response in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy. This was an observational cohort study performed at Lianshui County People's Hospital between September 2010 and June 2012. Forty patients with esophageal cancer planned to receive radiotherapy were selected, and 28 received the DC vaccine. DC were isolated, loaded with antigens, and intradermally injected after being cultured for 1 week. One week after injection, the patients underwent a delayed-type hypersensitivity test. Serum Th1 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-γ] and antigen-specific IFN-γCD8 T cells were tested before and after vaccination. Patients were followed up for 2 years. Adverse events were monitored. Patients in the vaccine group tolerated the DC vaccine. Levels of serum IL-2 (+92.4%), IL-12 (+70.9%), and IFN-γ (+214.3%) as well as the proportion of IFN-γCD8 T cells (3.0-16.4-fold) were significantly increased compared with baseline and the control group (all P<0.05). The 1- (82.1% vs. 50.0%, P=0.04) and 2-year survival (67.8% vs. 33.3%, P=0.04) was improved by vaccination. Only 2 patients showed mild fever. In conclusion, the DC vaccine triggered the specific immune response and induced the secretion of Th1 cytokines. The vaccine may lead to better survival, but this have to be confirmed. Adverse events were rare and mild.
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Fink C, Gaudet JM, Fox MS, Bhatt S, Viswanathan S, Smith M, Chin J, Foster PJ, Dekaban GA. 19F-perfluorocarbon-labeled human peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be detected in vivo using clinical MRI parameters in a therapeutic cell setting. Sci Rep 2018; 8:590. [PMID: 29330541 PMCID: PMC5766492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 19Fluorine (19F) perfluorocarbon cell labeling agent, when employed with an appropriate cellular MRI protocol, allows for in vivo cell tracking. 19F cellular MRI can be used to non-invasively assess the location and persistence of cell-based cancer vaccines and other cell-based therapies. This study was designed to determine the feasibility of labeling and tracking peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), a heterogeneous cell population. Under GMP-compliant conditions human PBMC were labeled with a 19F-based MRI cell-labeling agent in a manner safe for autologous re-injection. Greater than 99% of PBMC labeled with the 19F cell-labeling agent without affecting functionality or affecting viability. The 19F-labeled PBMC were detected in vivo in a mouse model at the injection site and in a draining lymph node. A clinical cellular MR protocol was optimized for the detection of PBMC injected both at the surface of a porcine shank and at a depth of 1.2 cm, equivalent to depth of a human lymph node, using a dual 1H/19F dual switchable surface radio frequency coil. This study demonstrates it is feasible to label and track 19F-labeled PBMC using clinical MRI protocols. Thus, 19F cellular MRI represents a non-invasive imaging technique suitable to assess the effectiveness of cell-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corby Fink
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Gaudet
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Matthew S Fox
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Shashank Bhatt
- 200 Elizabeth Street, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- IBBME, University of Toronto, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Michael Smith
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Joseph Chin
- Division Of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gregory A Dekaban
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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40
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Oyarce C, Cruz-Gomez S, Galvez-Cancino F, Vargas P, Moreau HD, Diaz-Valdivia N, Diaz J, Salazar-Onfray FA, Pacheco R, Lennon-Dumenil AM, Quest AFG, Lladser A. Caveolin-1 Expression Increases upon Maturation in Dendritic Cells and Promotes Their Migration to Lymph Nodes Thereby Favoring the Induction of CD8 + T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1794. [PMID: 29326695 PMCID: PMC5733362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) trafficking from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes (LNs) is a key step required to initiate T cell responses against pathogens as well as tumors. In this context, cellular membrane protrusions and the actin cytoskeleton are essential to guide DC migration towards chemotactic signals. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a scaffolding protein that modulates signaling pathways leading to remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and enhanced migration of cancer cells. However, whether CAV1 is relevant for DC function and specifically for DC migration to LNs is unknown. Here, we show that CAV1 expression is upregulated in DCs upon LPS- and TNF-α-induced maturation. CAV1 deficiency did not affect differentiation, maturation, or the ability of DCs to activate CD8+ T cells in vitro. However, CAV1-deficient (CAV1-/-) DCs displayed reduced in vivo trafficking to draining LNs in control and inflammatory conditions. In vitro, CAV1-/- DCs showed reduced directional migration in CCL21 gradients in transwell assays without affecting migration velocity in confined microchannels or three-dimensional collagen matrices. In addition, CAV1-/- DCs displayed reduced activation of the small GTPase Rac1, a regulator of actin cytoskeletal remodeling, and lower numbers of F-actin-forming protrusions. Furthermore, mice adoptively transferred with peptide-pulsed CAV1-/- DCs showed reduced CD8+ T cell responses and antitumor protection. Our results suggest that CAV1 promotes the activation of Rac1 and the formation of membrane protrusions that favor DC chemotactic trafficking toward LNs where they can initiate cytotoxic T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Oyarce
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Cruz-Gomez
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 144, Institut Curie/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Hélène D Moreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 932, Institut Curie/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Diaz-Valdivia
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Diaz
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Andres Salazar-Onfray
- Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Maria Lennon-Dumenil
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 932, Institut Curie/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
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41
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Aerts JGJV, de Goeje PL, Cornelissen R, Kaijen-Lambers MEH, Bezemer K, van der Leest CH, Mahaweni NM, Kunert A, Eskens FALM, Waasdorp C, Braakman E, van der Holt B, Vulto AG, Hendriks RW, Hegmans JPJJ, Hoogsteden HC. Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Allogeneic Tumor Cell Lysate in Mesothelioma: From Mouse to Human. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:766-776. [PMID: 29233904 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Mesothelioma has been regarded as a nonimmunogenic tumor, which is also shown by the low response rates to treatments targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Previously, we demonstrated that autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy increased T-cell response toward malignant mesothelioma. However, the use of autologous tumor material hampers implementation in large clinical trials, which might be overcome by using allogeneic tumor cell lines as tumor antigen source. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether allogeneic lysate-pulsed DC immunotherapy is effective in mice and safe in humans.Experimental Design: First, in two murine mesothelioma models, mice were treated with autologous DCs pulsed with either autologous or allogeneic tumor lysate or injected with PBS (negative control). Survival and tumor-directed T-cell responses of these mice were monitored. Results were taken forward in a first-in-human clinical trial, in which 9 patients were treated with 10, 25, or 50 million DCs per vaccination. DC vaccination consisted of autologous monocyte-derived DCs pulsed with tumor lysate from five mesothelioma cell lines.Results: In mice, allogeneic lysate-pulsed DC immunotherapy induced tumor-specific T cells and led to an increased survival, to a similar extent as DC immunotherapy with autologous tumor lysate. In the first-in-human clinical trial, no dose-limiting toxicities were established and radiographic responses were observed. Median PFS was 8.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1-20.3] and median OS not reached (median follow-up = 22.8 months).Conclusions: DC immunotherapy with allogeneic tumor lysate is effective in mice and safe and feasible in humans. Clin Cancer Res; 24(4); 766-76. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Pauline L de Goeje
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Cornelissen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Koen Bezemer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cor H van der Leest
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niken M Mahaweni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André Kunert
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry A L M Eskens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Braakman
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bronno van der Holt
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold G Vulto
- Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P J J Hegmans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk C Hoogsteden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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42
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Domogalla MP, Rostan PV, Raker VK, Steinbrink K. Tolerance through Education: How Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Shape Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1764. [PMID: 29375543 PMCID: PMC5770648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the initiation and control of responses, regulating the balance between tolerance and immunity. Tolerogenic DCs are essential in the maintenance of central and peripheral tolerance by induction of clonal T cell deletion and T cell anergy, inhibition of memory and effector T cell responses, and generation and activation of regulatory T cells. Therefore, tolerogenic DCs are promising candidates for specific cellular therapy of allergic and autoimmune diseases and for treatment of transplant rejection. Studies performed in rodents have demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of tolerogenic DCs for tolerance induction in various inflammatory diseases. In the last years, numerous protocols for the generation of human monocyte-derived tolerogenic DCs have been established and some first phase I trials have been conducted in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders, demonstrating the safety and efficiency of this cell-based immunotherapy. This review gives an overview about methods and protocols for the generation of human tolerogenic DCs and their mechanisms of tolerance induction with the focus on interleukin-10-modulated DCs. In addition, we will discuss the prerequisites for optimal clinical grade tolerogenic DC subsets and results of clinical trials with tolerogenic DCs in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Domogalla
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia V Rostan
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena K Raker
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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43
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Kalergis AM, Anegon I, González PA. FOCIS goes south: advances in translational and clinical immunology. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:789-792. [PMID: 28877630 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
FOCIS goes South: Advances in Translational and Clinical Immunology was the first Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) ( www.focisnet.org ) meeting held in Latin America (May 15-17, 2017, Santiago de Chile, Chile). The meeting was organized as a 3-day workshop and was fostered by the Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, a recently nominated FOCIS Center of Excellence. The workshop brought together FOCIS associates, such as members of the FOCIS Board of Directors, Directors of different Centers of Excellence, regional speakers and 350 attendees. The Meeting covered aspects of immune regulation and modulation, as well as immunotherapy in areas of autoimmunity, transplantation, cancer and infectious diseases, among others. The activity also had a full-day immunology course and a day-long flow cytometry course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de GenéticaMolecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, PontificiaUniversidad Católica de Chilee.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago-Chile. Av. Portugal 49, Santiago E-8330025, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago-Chile.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et ImmunologieUMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et ImmunologieUMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut deTransplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pablo A González
- Departamento de GenéticaMolecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, PontificiaUniversidad Católica de Chilee.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago-Chile. Av. Portugal 49, Santiago E-8330025, Chile
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44
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Gleisner MA, Navarrete M, Hofmann F, Salazar-Onfray F, Tittarelli A. Mind the Gaps in Tumor Immunity: Impact of Connexin-Mediated Intercellular Connections. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1067. [PMID: 28919895 PMCID: PMC5585150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs)-mediated intercellular communications (GJICs) are connexin (Cx)-formed plasma membrane channels that allow for the passage of small molecules between adjacent cells, and are involved in several physiopathological processes, including immune responses against cancer. In general, tumor cells are poorly coupled through GJs, mainly due to low Cx expression or reduced channel activity, suggesting that Cxs may have tumor suppressor roles. However, more recent data indicate that Cxs and/or GJICs may also in some cases promote tumor progression. This dual role of Cx channels in tumor outcome may be due, at least partially, to the fact that GJs not only interconnect cells from the same type, such as cancer cells, but also promote the intercellular communication of tumor cells with different types of cells from their microenvironment, and such diverse intercellular interactions have distinctive impact on tumor development. For example, whereas GJ-mediated interactions among tumor cells and microglia have been implicated in promotion of tumor growth, tumor cells delivery to dendritic cells of antigenic peptides through GJs have been associated with enhanced immune-mediated tumor elimination. In this review, we provide an updated overview on the role of GJICs in tumor immunity, focusing on the pro-tumor and antitumor effect of GJs occurring among tumor and immune cells. Accumulated data suggest that GJICs may act as tumor suppressors or enhancers depending on whether tumor cells interact predominantly with antitumor immune cells or with stromal cells. The complex modulation of immune-tumor cell GJICs should be taken into consideration in order to potentiate current cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Navarrete
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Hofmann
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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45
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Constantino J, Gomes C, Falcão A, Neves BM, Cruz MT. Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy: a basic review and recent advances. Immunol Res 2017; 65:798-810. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46
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Mordoh J, Pampena MB, Aris M, Blanco PA, Lombardo M, von Euw EM, Mac Keon S, Yépez Crow M, Bravo AI, O'Connor JM, Orlando AG, Ramello F, Levy EM, Barrio MM. Phase II Study of Adjuvant Immunotherapy with the CSF-470 Vaccine Plus Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Plus Recombinant Human Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor vs Medium-Dose Interferon Alpha 2B in Stages IIB, IIC, and III Cutaneous Melanoma Patients: A Single Institution, Randomized Study. Front Immunol 2017; 8:625. [PMID: 28620382 PMCID: PMC5449770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The irradiated, allogeneic, cellular CSF-470 vaccine plus Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) and recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) is being tested against medium-dose IFN-α2b in stages IIB–III cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients (pts) after surgery in an open, randomized, Phase II/III study. We present the results of the Phase II part of the ongoing CASVAC-0401 study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01729663). Thirty-one pts were randomized to the CSF-470 vaccine (n = 20) or to the IFN-α2b arm (n = 11). During the 2-year treatment, immunized pts should receive 13 vaccinations. On day 1 of each visit, 1.6 × 107 irradiated CSF-470 cells plus 106 colony-forming units BCG plus 100 µg rhGM-CSF were administered intradermally, followed on days 2–4 by 100 µg rhGM-CSF. IFN-α2b pts should receive 10 million units (MU)/day/5 days a week for 4 weeks; then 5 MU thrice weekly for 23 months. Toxicity and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated at each visit. With a mean and a maximum follow-up of 39.4 and 83 months, respectively, a significant benefit in the distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) for CSF-470 was observed (p = 0.022). Immune monitoring showed an increase in antitumoral cellular and humoral response in vaccinated pts. CSF-470 was well tolerated; 20/20 pts presented grades 1–2 dermic reactions at the vaccination site; 3/20 pts presented grade 3 allergic reactions. Other adverse events (AEs) were grade 1. Pts in the IFN-α2b arm presented grades 2–3 hematological (7/11), hepatic (2/11), and cardiac (1/11) toxicity; AEs in 9/11 pts forced treatment interruptions. QOL was significantly superior in the vaccine arm (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that CSF-470 vaccine plus BCG plus GM-CSF can significantly prolong, with lower toxicity, the DMFS of high-risk CM pts with respect to medium-dose IFN-α2b. The continuation of a Phase III part of the CASVAC-0401 study is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Mordoh
- Instituto Médico Especializado Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas-Fundación Cáncer, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mariana Aris
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas-Fundación Cáncer, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Erika María von Euw
- UCLA JCCC-Translational Oncology Research Labs, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Soledad Mac Keon
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michelle Yépez Crow
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas-Fundación Cáncer, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Inés Bravo
- Unidad de Inmunopatología, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín, Argentina
| | | | - Ana Gabriela Orlando
- Hospital Central Olga Rizzi, Reconquista, Argentina.,Instituto Oncológico Mater Dei, Reconquista, Argentina
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47
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Pizarro-Bauerle J, Maldonado I, Sosoniuk-Roche E, Vallejos G, López MN, Salazar-Onfray F, Aguilar-Guzmán L, Valck C, Ferreira A, Becker MI. Molluskan Hemocyanins Activate the Classical Pathway of the Human Complement System through Natural Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:188. [PMID: 28286504 PMCID: PMC5323374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molluskan hemocyanins are enormous oxygen-carrier glycoproteins that show remarkable immunostimulatory properties when inoculated in mammals, such as the generation of high levels of antibodies, a strong cellular reaction, and generation of non-specific antitumor immune responses in some types of cancer, particularly for superficial bladder cancer. These proteins have the ability to bias the immune response toward a Th1 phenotype. However, despite all their current uses with beneficial clinical outcomes, a clear mechanism explaining these properties is not available. Taking into account reports of natural antibodies against the hemocyanin of the gastropod Megathura crenulata [keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)] in humans as well as other vertebrate species, we report here for the first time, the presence, in sera from unimmunized healthy donors, of antibodies recognizing, in addition to KLH, two other hemocyanins from gastropods with documented immunomodulatory capacities: Fisurella latimarginata hemocyanin (FLH) and Concholepas concholepas hemocyanin (CCH). Through an ELISA screening, we found IgM and IgG antibodies reactive with these hemocyanins. When the capacity of these antibodies to bind deglycosylated hemocyanins was studied, no decreased interaction was detected. Moreover, in the case of FLH, deglycosylation increased antibody binding. We evaluated through an in vitro complement deposition assay whether these antibodies activated the classical pathway of the human complement system. The results showed that all three hemocyanins and their deglycosylated counterparts elicited this activation, mediated by C1 binding to immunoglobulins. Thus, this work contributes to the understanding on how the complement system could participate in the immunostimulatory properties of hemocyanins, through natural, complement-activating antibodies reacting with these proteins. Although a role for carbohydrates cannot be completely ruled out, in our experimental setting, glycosylation status had a limited effect. Finally, our data open possibilities for further studies leading to the design of improved hemocyanin-based research tools for diagnosis and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pizarro-Bauerle
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ismael Maldonado
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Eduardo Sosoniuk-Roche
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Gerardo Vallejos
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Mercedes N López
- Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Faculty of Medicine, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Guzmán
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Carolina Valck
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Arturo Ferreira
- Immunology of Microbial Aggression Laboratory, Immunology Program, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - María Inés Becker
- Biosonda Corporation, Santiago, Chile; Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile
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48
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Dillman RO, Nistor GI, Cornforth AN. Dendritic cell vaccines for melanoma: past, present and future. Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:273-289. [PMID: 30190899 PMCID: PMC6094661 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administering dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAA) ex vivo is a promising strategy for therapeutic vaccines in advanced melanoma. To date the induction of immune responses to specific TAA has been more impressive than clinical benefit because of TAA limitations, suboptimal DC and possibly immune-checkpoint inhibition. Various products, antigen-loading techniques, treatment schedules, routes of administration and adjunctive agents continue to be explored. Biologic heterogeneity suggests autologous tumor as the optimal TAA source to induce immune responses to the entire repertoire of unique patient-specific neoantigens. Many questions remain regarding the optimal preparation of DC and strategies for antigen loading. Effective DC vaccines should result in additive or synergistic effects when combined with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Dillman
- AiVita Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Clinical, Research, and Manufacturing Departments, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Gabriel I Nistor
- AiVita Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Clinical, Research, and Manufacturing Departments, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Andrew N Cornforth
- AiVita Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Clinical, Research, and Manufacturing Departments, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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Sakamoto S, Yoshitomi M, Yutani S, Terazaki Y, Yoshiyama K, Ioji T, Matsueda S, Yamada A, Takamori S, Itoh K, Hattori N, Kohno N, Sasada T. Evaluation of prognostic significance of granulocyte-related factors in cancer patients undergoing personalized peptide vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:2784-9. [PMID: 26325075 PMCID: PMC5054776 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1075107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since cancer vaccines do not always elicit beneficial effects in treated patients, identification of biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes would be highly desirable. We previously reported that abnormal granulocytes present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) may contribute to poor prognosis in advanced prostate cancer patients receiving personalized peptide vaccination (PPV). In the current study, we examined whether soluble factors derived from granulocytes, such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and arginase 1 (ARG1), and inhibitory cytokine TGFβ in pre-vaccination plasma were useful for predicting prognosis after PPV in advanced cancer patients. In biliary tract cancer (n=25), multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients with higher plasma MMP-9 levels had a significantly worse overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.637, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.670 - 12.877, P = 0.003], whereas MPO, ARG1, or TGFβ levels were not correlated with OS. Similarly, patients with higher MMP-9 levels showed worse prognosis than those with lower MMP-9 levels in other types of advanced cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (n=32, P = 0.037 by log-rank test), and pancreatic cancer (n=41, P = 0.042 by log-rank test). Taken together, plasma MMP-9 levels before vaccination might be potentially useful as a biomarker for selecting advanced cancer patients who would benefit from PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Sakamoto
- a Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy; Kurume University ; Kurume , Japan.,b Cancer Vaccine Center; Kurume University ; Kurume , Japan.,c Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine ; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University ; Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Munehiro Yoshitomi
- d Department of Surgery ; Kurume University School of Medicine ; Kurume , Japan
| | - Shigeru Yutani
- b Cancer Vaccine Center; Kurume University ; Kurume , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terazaki
- d Department of Surgery ; Kurume University School of Medicine ; Kurume , Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshiyama
- d Department of Surgery ; Kurume University School of Medicine ; Kurume , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ioji
- b Cancer Vaccine Center; Kurume University ; Kurume , Japan
| | | | - Akira Yamada
- a Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy; Kurume University ; Kurume , Japan
| | - Shinzo Takamori
- d Department of Surgery ; Kurume University School of Medicine ; Kurume , Japan
| | - Kyogo Itoh
- b Cancer Vaccine Center; Kurume University ; Kurume , Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- c Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine ; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University ; Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Nobuoki Kohno
- c Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine ; Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University ; Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- b Cancer Vaccine Center; Kurume University ; Kurume , Japan.,e Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute ; Yokohama , Japan
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50
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Javed A, Sato S, Sato T. Autologous melanoma cell vaccine using monocyte-derived dendritic cells (NBS20/eltrapuldencel-T). Future Oncol 2016; 12:751-62. [PMID: 26837440 DOI: 10.2217/fon.16.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma. Despite recent advances, lack of long-term efficacy from targeted therapy and serious immune-related toxicity are major concerns. There is unmet need for 'durable' and 'safe' treatment options for advanced melanoma. Cancer vaccine therapy in melanoma has been investigated for many years with modest clinical efficacy. More recently, dendritic cell-based vaccine products have become available for clinical use and have been the focus of investigation. CLBS20 (NBS20/eltrapuldencel-T) is a novel dendritic cell-based vaccine product that has shown promising results in early phase trials in advanced melanoma. This cancer vaccine approach could play an important role in providing a sustainable survival benefit, targeting cancer cells themselves and avoiding off-target immune-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Javed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Shingo Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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