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Ma W, Tang W, Kwok JS, Tong AH, Lo CW, Chu AT, Chung BH. A review on trends in development and translation of omics signatures in cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:954-971. [PMID: 38385061 PMCID: PMC10879706 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of cancer genomics and transcriptomics has evolved from targeted profiling to swift sequencing of individual tumor genome and transcriptome. The steady growth in genome, epigenome, and transcriptome datasets on a genome-wide scale has significantly increased our capability in capturing signatures that represent both the intrinsic and extrinsic biological features of tumors. These biological differences can help in precise molecular subtyping of cancer, predicting tumor progression, metastatic potential, and resistance to therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarized the current development of genomic, methylomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic signatures in the field of cancer research and highlighted their potentials in clinical applications to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenshu Tang
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian H.Y. Chung
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Kong Genome Project
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Slika H, Shahani A, Wahi R, Miller J, Groves M, Tyler B. Overcoming Treatment Resistance in Medulloblastoma: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2249. [PMID: 38927954 PMCID: PMC11202166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most frequently encountered malignant brain tumor in the pediatric population. The standard of care currently consists of surgical resection, craniospinal irradiation, and multi-agent chemotherapy. However, despite this combination of multiple aggressive modalities, recurrence of the disease remains a substantial concern, and treatment resistance is a rising issue. The development of this resistance results from the interplay of a myriad of anatomical properties, cellular processes, molecular pathways, and genetic and epigenetic alterations. In fact, several efforts have been directed towards this domain and characterizing the major contributors to this resistance. Herein, this review highlights the different mechanisms that drive relapse and are implicated in the occurrence of treatment resistance and discusses them in the context of the latest molecular-based classification of medulloblastoma. These mechanisms include the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to drugs, the overactivation of specific molecular pathways, the resistant and multipotent nature of cancer stem cells, intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, and metabolic plasticity. Subsequently, we build on that to explore potential strategies and targeted agents that can abrogate these mechanisms, undermine the development of treatment resistance, and augment medulloblastoma's response to therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Aanya Shahani
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Riddhpreet Wahi
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
- Grant Government Medical College and Sir J.J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - Jackson Miller
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
- Department of English, Rhetoric, and Humanistic Studies, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Mari Groves
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
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Gao X, Zhuang Q, Li Y, Li G, Huang Z, Chen S, Sun S, Yang H, Jiang L, Mao Y. Single-Cell Chromatin Accessibility Analysis Reveals Subgroup-Specific TF-NTR Regulatory Circuits in Medulloblastoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309554. [PMID: 38884167 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) stands as one of the prevalent malignant brain tumors among pediatric patients. Despite its prevalence, the intricate interplay between the regulatory program driving malignancy in MB cells and their interactions with the microenvironment remains insufficiently understood. Leveraging the capabilities of single-cell Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq), the chromatin accessibility landscape is unveiled across 59,015 distinct MB cells. This expansive dataset encompasses cells belonging to discrete molecular subgroups, namely SHH, WNT, Group3, and Group4. Within these chromatin accessibility profiles, specific regulatory elements tied to individual subgroups are uncovered, shedding light on the distinct activities of transcription factors (TFs) that likely orchestrate the tumorigenesis process. Moreover, it is found that certain neurotransmitter receptors (NTRs) are subgroup-specific and can predict MB subgroup classification when combined with their associated transcription factors. Notably, targeting essential NTRs within tumors influences both the in vitro sphere-forming capability and the in vivo tumorigenic capacity of MB cells. These findings collectively provide fresh insights into comprehending the regulatory networks and cellular dynamics within MBs. Furthermore, the significance of the TF-NTR regulatory circuits is underscored as prospective biomarkers and viable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guochao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shenzhi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaoxing Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Future Technology College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Wang C, Fu R, Wang Y, Wei J, Yu Y, Hu L, Zhang C. miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway via ROR2 in medulloblastoma progression. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:941-954. [PMID: 38632356 PMCID: PMC11192632 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), a prevalent pediatric central nervous system tumor, is influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs) that impact tumor initiation and progression. However, the specific involvement of miRNAs in MB tumorigenesis remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified ROR2 expression in normal human fetal cerebellum. Subsequent analyses, including immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot, assessed ROR2 expression in MB tissues and cell lines. We investigated miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p and their regulatory role in ROR2 expression through the dual-luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, and western blot assays. Mechanistic insights were gained through functional assays exploring the impact of miR-124-3p, miR-194-5p, and ROR2 on MB growth in vitro and in vivo. We observed significantly reduced miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p expression and elevated ROR2 expression in MB tissues and cell lines. High ROR2 expression inversely correlated with overall survival in WNT and SHH subgroups of MB patients. Functionally, overexpressing miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p and inhibiting ROR2 suppressed in vitro malignant transformation and in vivo tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p synergistically regulated the ROR2/PI3K/Akt pathway, influencing MB progression. Our findings indicate that miR-124-3p and miR-194-5p function as tumor suppressors, inhibiting MB progression via the ROR2/PI3K/Akt axis, suggesting a key mechanism and therapeutic targets for MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runxi Fu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunkun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Agelink van Rentergem JA, Lee Meeuw Kjoe PR, Vermeulen IE, Schagen SB. Subgroups of cognitively affected and unaffected breast cancer survivors after chemotherapy: a data-driven approach. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:810-817. [PMID: 36639610 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is assumed that a segment of breast cancer survivors are cognitively affected after chemotherapy. Our aim is to discover whether there is a qualitatively different cognitively affected subgroup of breast cancer survivors, or whether there are only quantitative differences between survivors in cognitive functioning. METHODS Latent profile analysis was applied to age-corrected neuropsychological data -measuring verbal memory, attention, speed, and executive functioning- from an existing sample of 62 breast cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy. Other clustering methods were applied as sensitivity analyses. Subgroup distinctness was established with posterior mean assignment probability and silhouette width. Simulations were used to calculate subgroup stability, posterior predictive checks to establish absolute fit of the subgrouping model. Subgrouping results were compared to traditional normative comparisons results. RESULTS Two subgroups were discovered. One had cognitive normal scores, the other -45%- had lower scores. Subgrouping results were consistent across clustering methods. The subgroups showed some overlap; 6% of survivors could fall in either. Subgroups were stable and described the data well. Results of the subgroup clustering model matched those of a traditional normative comparison method requiring small deviations on two cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS We discovered that almost half of breast cancer survivors after chemotherapy form a cognitively affected subgroup, using a data-driven approach. This proportion is higher than previous studies using prespecified cutoffs observed. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS A larger group of cancer survivors may be cognitively affected than previously recognized, and a less strict threshold for cognitive problems may be needed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost A Agelink van Rentergem
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Room H8.014, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Philippe R Lee Meeuw Kjoe
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Room H8.014, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivar E Vermeulen
- Department of Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne B Schagen
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Room H8.014, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Raju R R, AlSawaftah NM, Husseini GA. Modeling of brain tumors using in vitro, in vivo, and microfluidic models: A review of the current developments. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31402. [PMID: 38807869 PMCID: PMC11130649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain cancers are some of the most complex diseases to treat, despite the numerous advances science has made in cancer chemotherapy and research. One of the key obstacles to identifying potential cures for this disease is the difficulty in emulating the complexity of the brain and the surrounding microenvironment to understand potential therapeutic approaches. This paper discusses some of the most important in vitro, in vivo, and microfluidic brain tumor models that aim to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richu Raju R
- Biosciences and Bioengineering PhD Program at the American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour M. AlSawaftah
- Material Science and Engineering Program at the American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Biosciences and Bioengineering PhD Program at the American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Material Science and Engineering Program at the American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Collins RRJ, Gee RRF, Sanchez MCH, Tozandehjani S, Bayat T, Breznik B, Lee AK, Peters ST, Connelly JP, Pruett-Miller SM, Roussel MF, Rakheja D, Tillman HS, Potts PR, Fon Tacer K. Melanoma antigens in pediatric medulloblastoma contribute to tumor heterogeneity and species-specificity of group 3 tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594201. [PMID: 38798351 PMCID: PMC11118370 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most malignant childhood brain cancer. Group 3 MB subtype accounts for about 25% of MB diagnoses and is associated with the most unfavorable outcomes. Herein, we report that more than half of group 3 MB tumors express melanoma antigens (MAGEs), which are potential prognostic and therapeutic markers. MAGEs are tumor antigens, expressed in several types of adult cancers and associated with poorer prognosis and therapy resistance; however, their expression in pediatric cancers is mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether MAGEs are activated in pediatric MB. Methods To determine MAGE frequency in pediatric MB, we obtained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) samples of 34 patients, collected between 2008 - 2015, from the Children's Medical Center Dallas pathology archives and applied our validated reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay to measure the relative expression of 23 MAGE cancer-testis antigen genes. To validate our data, we analyzed several published datasets from pediatric MB patients and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts, totaling 860 patients. We then examined how MAGE expression affects the growth and oncogenic potential of medulloblastoma cells by CRISPR-Cas9- and siRNA-mediated gene depletion. Results Our RT-qPCR analysis suggested that MAGEs were expressed in group 3/4 medulloblastoma. Further mining of bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets confirmed that 50-75% of group 3 tumors activate a subset of MAGE genes. Depletion of MAGEAs, B2, and Cs alter MB cell survival, viability, and clonogenic growth due to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. Conclusions These results indicate that targeting MAGEs in medulloblastoma may be a potential therapeutic option for group 3 medulloblastomas. Key Points Several Type I MAGE CTAs are expressed in >60% of group 3 MBs. Type I MAGEs affect MB cell proliferation and apoptosis. MAGEs are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for group 3 MBs. Importance of the Study This study is the first comprehensive analysis of all Type I MAGE CTAs ( MAGEA , -B , and -C subfamily members) in pediatric MBs. Our results show that more than 60% of group 3 MBs express MAGE genes, which are required for the viability and growth of cells in which they are expressed. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into the antigen landscape of pediatric MBs. The activation of MAGE genes in group 3 MBs presents potential stratifying and therapeutic options. Abstract Figure
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O’Halloran K, Margol A, Davidson TB, Estrine D, Tamrazi B, Cotter JA, Ji J, Biegel JA. Disease Evolution Monitored by Serial Cerebrospinal Fluid Liquid Biopsies in Two Cases of Recurrent Medulloblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4882. [PMID: 38732099 PMCID: PMC11084520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Initial treatment generally includes surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. Approximately 20-30% of patients will experience a recurrence, which portends a very poor prognosis. The current standard of care for evaluation for relapse includes radiographic surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging at regular intervals. The presence of circulating tumor DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid has been demonstrated to be a predictor of a higher risk of progression in a research setting for patients with medulloblastoma treated on a prospective single institution clinical trial. We have previously published and clinically validated a liquid-biopsy-based genetic assay utilizing low-pass whole genome sequencing to detect copy number alterations in circulating tumor DNA. Here, we present two teenage patients with posterior fossa medulloblastoma with recurrent disease who have been monitored with serial liquid biopsies showing tumor evolution over time, demonstrating the clinical utility of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina O’Halloran
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (K.O.); (A.M.); (T.B.D.)
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (B.T.); (J.A.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Ashley Margol
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (K.O.); (A.M.); (T.B.D.)
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (B.T.); (J.A.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Tom B. Davidson
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (K.O.); (A.M.); (T.B.D.)
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (B.T.); (J.A.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Dolores Estrine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Benita Tamrazi
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (B.T.); (J.A.C.); (J.J.)
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Cotter
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (B.T.); (J.A.C.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Jianling Ji
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (B.T.); (J.A.C.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Jaclyn A. Biegel
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (B.T.); (J.A.C.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
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Michaelsen GL, da Silva LDRE, de Lima DS, Jaeger MDC, Brunetto AT, Dalmolin RJS, Sinigaglia M. A Prognostic Methylation-Driven Two-Gene Signature in Medulloblastoma. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:47. [PMID: 38662144 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common pediatric brain tumors and it is estimated that one-third of patients will not achieve long-term survival. Conventional prognostic parameters have limited and unreliable correlations with MB outcome, presenting a major challenge for patients' clinical improvement. Acknowledging this issue, our aim was to build a gene signature and evaluate its potential as a new prognostic model for patients with the disease. In this study, we used six datasets totaling 1679 samples including RNA gene expression and DNA methylation data from primary MB as well as control samples from healthy cerebellum. We identified methylation-driven genes (MDGs) in MB, genes whose expression is correlated with their methylation. We employed LASSO regression, incorporating the MDGs as a parameter to develop the prognostic model. Through this approach, we derived a two-gene signature (GS-2) of candidate prognostic biomarkers for MB (CEMIP and NCBP3). Using a risk score model, we confirmed the GS-2 impact on overall survival (OS) with Kaplan-Meier analysis. We evaluated its robustness and accuracy with receiver operating characteristic curves predicting OS at 1, 3, and 5 years in multiple independent datasets. The GS-2 showed highly significant results as an independent prognostic biomarker compared to traditional MB markers. The methylation-regulated GS-2 risk score model can effectively classify patients with MB into high and low-risk, reinforcing the importance of this epigenetic modification in the disease. Such genes stand out as promising prognostic biomarkers with potential application for MB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lovatto Michaelsen
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, 90620-110, RS, Brazil
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment-BioME, Digital Metropole Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59076-550, RN, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Lívia Dos Reis Edinger da Silva
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, 90620-110, RS, Brazil
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Douglas Silva de Lima
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, 90620-110, RS, Brazil
- Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariane da Cunha Jaeger
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, 90620-110, RS, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - André Tesainer Brunetto
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, 90620-110, RS, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliani Siqueira Dalmolin
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment-BioME, Digital Metropole Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59076-550, RN, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59064-741, RN, Brazil
| | - Marialva Sinigaglia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, 90620-110, RS, Brazil.
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment-BioME, Digital Metropole Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59076-550, RN, Brazil.
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil.
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10
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Alhaj AK, Burhamah T, Mohammad F, Almutawa M, Dashti F, Almurshed M, Behzad S, Snuderl M, Hasan A. Are the Radiological and Molecular Features of Pediatric Medulloblastomas Valuable Prognostic Indicators? A 10-Year Retrospective Review in the Middle East. World Neurosurg 2024:S1878-8750(24)00620-X. [PMID: 38636638 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in the pediatric population. Based on the idea that tumors with identical radio-genomic features should behave similarly, the 4 molecular subtypes are now widely accepted as a guide for the management and prognosis. The radiological features of medulloblastomas can predict the molecular subtype; thus, anticipating the subsequent disease progression. However, this has not been evaluated comprehensively. We aim to thoroughly study the association between the molecular subtypes and radiological features of medulloblastomas. Moreover, we aim to investigate the efficacy of this correlation with the use of progression-free survival and 5-year survival rates. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted for all histopathological confirmed medulloblastomas in pediatric patients (<16 years old) that were operated on in Kuwait over the past ten years (n = 44). The radiological, histological, and molecular characteristics were justifiably evaluated and analyzed in our sample. RESULTS The overall progression-free survival after one year was noticed among 27 cases (≈44%) and the nonspecific 5-year survival was seen in 31 cases (≈70%) after a 5-year follow-up. Sonic Hedgehog and Wingless had the best outcomes, while group 3 showed the worst outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings did not support the association between most of the typical magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and survival rate. We further established that Sonic Hedgehog and Wingless biological types have a better prognosis. There was no association observed between the radiographic features, specifically the location, and the molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kh Alhaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Talal Burhamah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fadil Mohammad
- Department of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariam Almutawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatima Dashti
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maryam Almurshed
- Department of Pathology, Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Shakir Behzad
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Kuwait Cancer Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Molecular Pathology, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alya Hasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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11
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Ampudia-Mesias E, Cameron CS, Yoo E, Kelly M, Anderson SM, Manning R, Abrahante Lloréns JE, Moertel CL, Yim H, Odde DJ, Saydam N, Saydam O. The OTX2 Gene Induces Tumor Growth and Triggers Leptomeningeal Metastasis by Regulating the mTORC2 Signaling Pathway in Group 3 Medulloblastomas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4416. [PMID: 38674001 PMCID: PMC11050316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) encompasses diverse subgroups, and leptomeningeal disease/metastasis (LMD) plays a substantial role in associated fatalities. Despite extensive exploration of canonical genes in MB, the molecular mechanisms underlying LMD and the involvement of the orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) gene, a key driver in aggressive MB Group 3, remain insufficiently understood. Recognizing OTX2's pivotal role, we investigated its potential as a catalyst for aggressive cellular behaviors, including migration, invasion, and metastasis. OTX2 overexpression heightened cell growth, motility, and polarization in Group 3 MB cells. Orthotopic implantation of OTX2-overexpressing cells in mice led to reduced median survival, accompanied by the development of spinal cord and brain metastases. Mechanistically, OTX2 acted as a transcriptional activator of the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) gene's promoter and the mTORC2 signaling pathway, correlating with upregulated downstream genes that orchestrate cell motility and migration. Knockdown of mTOR mRNA mitigated OTX2-mediated enhancements in cell motility and polarization. Analysis of human MB tumor samples (N = 952) revealed a positive correlation between OTX2 and mTOR mRNA expression, emphasizing the clinical significance of OTX2's role in the mTORC2 pathway. Our results reveal that OTX2 governs the mTORC2 signaling pathway, instigating LMD in Group 3 MBs and offering insights into potential therapeutic avenues through mTORC2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Ampudia-Mesias
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Charles S. Cameron
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Eunjae Yoo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Marcus Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.K.); (S.M.A.); (R.M.); (D.J.O.)
| | - Sarah M. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.K.); (S.M.A.); (R.M.); (D.J.O.)
| | - Riley Manning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.K.); (S.M.A.); (R.M.); (D.J.O.)
| | | | - Christopher L. Moertel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.K.); (S.M.A.); (R.M.); (D.J.O.)
| | | | - Okay Saydam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
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12
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Kresbach C, Holst L, Schoof M, Leven T, Göbel C, Neyazi S, Tischendorf J, Loose C, Wrzeszcz A, Yorgan T, Rutkowski S, Schüller U. Intraventricular SHH inhibition proves efficient in SHH medulloblastoma mouse model and prevents systemic side effects. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:609-622. [PMID: 37767814 PMCID: PMC10995518 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and requires intensive multimodal therapy. Long-term survival is still dissatisfying and, most importantly, survivors frequently suffer from severe treatment-associated morbidities. The sonic hedgehog pathway (SHH) in SHH MB provides a promising target for specific therapeutic agents. The small molecule Vismodegib allosterically inhibits SMO, the main upstream activator of SHH. Vismodegib has proven effective in the treatment of MB in mice and in clinical studies. However, due to irreversible premature epiphyseal growth plate fusions after systemic application to infant mice and children, its implementation to pediatric patients has been limited. Intraventricular Vismodegib application might provide a promising novel treatment strategy for pediatric medulloblastoma patients. METHODS Infant medulloblastoma-bearing Math1-cre::Ptch1Fl/Fl mice were treated with intraventricular Vismodegib in order to evaluate efficacy on tumor growth and systemic side effects. RESULTS We show that intraventricular Vismodegib treatment of Math1-cre::Ptch1Fl/Fl mice leads to complete or partial tumor remission only 2 days after completed treatment. Intraventricular treatment also significantly improved symptom-free survival in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, intraventricular application prevented systemic side effects in the form of anatomical or histological bone deformities. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that intraventricular application of a SHH pathway inhibitor combines the advantages of a specific treatment agent with precise drug delivery and might evolve as a promising new way of targeted treatment for SHH MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catena Kresbach
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center of Diagnostics, Institute of Neuropathology, Center of Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lea Holst
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schoof
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tara Leven
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Göbel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sina Neyazi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Tischendorf
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Loose
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonina Wrzeszcz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center of Diagnostics, Institute of Neuropathology, Center of Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Zhou H, Wang YX, Wu M, Lan X, Xiang D, Cai R, Ma Q, Miao J, Fang X, Wang J, Luo D, He Z, Cui Y, Liang P, Wang Y, Bian XW. FANCD2 deficiency sensitizes SHH medulloblastoma to radiotherapy via ferroptosis. J Pathol 2024; 262:427-440. [PMID: 38229567 DOI: 10.1002/path.6245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the standard therapeutic regimens for medulloblastoma (MB). Tumor cells utilize DNA damage repair (DDR) mechanisms to survive and develop resistance during radiotherapy. It has been found that targeting DDR sensitizes tumor cells to radiotherapy in several types of cancer, but whether and how DDR pathways are involved in the MB radiotherapy response remain to be determined. Single-cell RNA sequencing was carried out on 38 MB tissues, followed by expression enrichment assays. Fanconi anemia group D2 gene (FANCD2) expression was evaluated in MB samples and public MB databases. The function of FANCD2 in MB cells was examined using cell counting assays (CCK-8), clone formation, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and in mouse orthotopic models. The FANCD2-related signaling pathway was investigated using assays of peroxidation, a malondialdehyde assay, a reduced glutathione assay, and using FerroOrange to assess intracellular iron ions (Fe2+ ). Here, we report that FANCD2 was highly expressed in the malignant sonic hedgehog (SHH) MB subtype (SHH-MB). FANCD2 played an oncogenic role and predicted worse prognosis in SHH-MB patients. Moreover, FANCD2 knockdown markedly suppressed viability, mobility, and growth of SHH-MB cells and sensitized SHH-MB cells to irradiation. Mechanistically, FANCD2 deficiency led to an accumulation of Fe2+ due to increased divalent metal transporter 1 expression and impaired glutathione peroxidase 4 activity, which further activated ferroptosis and reduced proliferation of SHH-MB cells. Using an orthotopic mouse model, we observed that radiotherapy combined with silencing FANCD2 significantly inhibited the growth of SHH-MB cell-derived tumors in vivo. Our study revealed FANCD2 as a potential therapeutic target in SHH-MB and silencing FANCD2 could sensitize SHH-MB cells to radiotherapy via inducing ferroptosis. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dongfang Xiang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ruili Cai
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jingya Miao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xuanyu Fang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Youhong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Pathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Pathology, Chongqing, PR China
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14
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Bibbò F, Asadzadeh F, Boccia A, Sorice C, Bianco O, Saccà CD, Majello B, Donofrio V, Bifano D, De Martino L, Quaglietta L, Cristofano A, Covelli EM, Cinalli G, Ferrucci V, De Antonellis P, Zollo M. Targeting Group 3 Medulloblastoma by the Anti-PRUNE-1 and Anti-LSD1/KDM1A Epigenetic Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3917. [PMID: 38612726 PMCID: PMC11011515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant childhood brain tumor. Group 3 MB (Gr3 MB) is considered to have the most metastatic potential, and tailored therapies for Gr3 MB are currently lacking. Gr3 MB is driven by PRUNE-1 amplification or overexpression. In this paper, we found that PRUNE-1 was transcriptionally regulated by lysine demethylase LSD1/KDM1A. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting both PRUNE-1 and LSD1/KDM1A with the selective inhibitors AA7.1 and SP-2577, respectively. We found that the pharmacological inhibition had a substantial efficacy on targeting the metastatic axis driven by PRUNE-1 (PRUNE-1-OTX2-TGFβ-PTEN) in Gr3 MB. Using RNA seq transcriptomic feature data in Gr3 MB primary cells, we provide evidence that the combination of AA7.1 and SP-2577 positively affects neuronal commitment, confirmed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive differentiation and the inhibition of the cytotoxic components of the tumor microenvironment and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the down-regulation of N-Cadherin protein expression. We also identified an impairing action on the mitochondrial metabolism and, consequently, oxidative phosphorylation, thus depriving tumors cells of an important source of energy. Furthermore, by overlapping the genomic mutational signatures through WES sequence analyses with RNA seq transcriptomic feature data, we propose in this paper that the combination of these two small molecules can be used in a second-line treatment in advanced therapeutics against Gr3 MB. Our study demonstrates that the usage of PRUNE-1 and LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors in combination represents a novel therapeutic approach for these highly aggressive metastatic MB tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bibbò
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnological DMMBM, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.B.); (V.F.); (P.D.A.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Fatemeh Asadzadeh
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
- SEMM European School of Molecular Medicine, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Boccia
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Carmen Sorice
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Orazio Bianco
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Carmen Daniela Saccà
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Vittoria Donofrio
- Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Delfina Bifano
- Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Lucia De Martino
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lucia Quaglietta
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.Q.)
| | - Adriana Cristofano
- Pediatric Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Eugenio Maria Covelli
- Pediatric Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy;
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnological DMMBM, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.B.); (V.F.); (P.D.A.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Pasqualino De Antonellis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnological DMMBM, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.B.); (V.F.); (P.D.A.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnological DMMBM, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.B.); (V.F.); (P.D.A.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
- DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, ‘AOU Federico II Policlinico’, 80131 Naples, Italy
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15
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Gao J, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Liu F, Chen X, Mo J, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Tian P, Li Y, Deng K, Qi X, Han D, Liu Z, Yang Z, Chen Y, Tang Y, Li C, Liu H, Li J, Jiang T. Single-cell transcriptomic sequencing identifies subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft recapitulated medulloblastoma. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38477441 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors that mainly affect children. Various approaches have been used to model MB to facilitate investigating tumorigenesis. This study aims to compare the recapitulation of MB between subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft (sPDX), intracranial patient-derived xenograft (iPDX), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) at the single-cell level. METHODS We obtained primary human sonic hedgehog (SHH) and group 3 (G3) MB samples from six patients. For each patient specimen, we developed two sPDX and iPDX models, respectively. Three Patch+/- GEMM models were also included for sequencing. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to compare gene expression profiles, cellular composition, and functional pathway enrichment. Bulk RNA-seq deconvolution was performed to compare cellular composition across models and human samples. RESULTS Our results showed that the sPDX tumor model demonstrated the highest correlation to the overall transcriptomic profiles of primary human tumors at the single-cell level within the SHH and G3 subgroups, followed by the GEMM model and iPDX. The GEMM tumor model was able to recapitulate all subpopulations of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells that can be clustered in human SHH tumors, including a higher proportion of tumor-associated astrocytes and immune cells, and an additional cluster of vascular endothelia when compared to human SHH tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to compare experimental models for MB at the single-cell level, providing value insights into model selection for different research purposes. sPDX and iPDX are suitable for drug testing and personalized therapy screenings, whereas GEMM models are valuable for investigating the interaction between tumor and TME cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Mo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resources Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyi Tian
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueling Qi
- Department of NeuroPathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Han
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijia Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunde Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Medical Research, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Wang D, Ritz C, Pierce A, Brunt B, Luo Y, Dahl N, Venkataraman S, Danis E, Kuś K, Mazan M, Rzymski T, Veo B, Vibhakar R. Transcriptional Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Mediator Kinase in MYC-driven Medulloblastoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584103. [PMID: 38559100 PMCID: PMC10979852 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
MYC-driven medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly aggressive cancer type with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Through CRISPR-Cas9 screening across MB cell lines, we identified the Mediator-associated kinase CDK8 as the top dependence for MYC-driven MB. Loss of CDK8 markedly reduces MYC expression and impedes MB growth. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CDK8 depletion suppresses ribosome biogenesis and mRNA translation. CDK8 regulates occupancy of phospho-Polymerase II at specific chromatin loci facilitating an epigenetic alteration that promotes transcriptional regulation of ribosome biogenesis. Additionally, CDK8-mediated phosphorylation of 4EBP1 plays a crucial role in initiating eIF4E-dependent translation. Targeting CDK8 effectively suppresses cancer stem and progenitor cells, characterized by increased ribosome biogenesis activity. We also report the synergistic inhibition of CDK8 and mTOR in vivo and in vitro . Overall, our findings establish a connection between transcription and translation regulation, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach targets multiple points in the protein synthesis network for MYC-driven MB.
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17
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Fallon I, Hernando H, Almacellas-Rabaiget O, Marti-Fuster B, Spadoni C, Bigner DD, Méndez E. Development of a high-throughput screening platform to identify new therapeutic agents for Medulloblastoma Group 3. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:100147. [PMID: 38355016 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) represent about 25 % of all pediatric cancers and are the most common solid tumors in children and adolescents. Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequently occurring malignant PBT, accounting for almost 10 % of all pediatric cancer deaths. MB Group 3 (MB G3) accounts for 25-30 % of all MB cases and has the worst outcome, particularly when associated with MYC amplification. However, no targeted treatments for this group have been developed so far. Here we describe a unique high throughput screening (HTS) platform specifically designed to identify new therapies for MB G3. The platform incorporates optimized and validated 2D and 3D efficacy and toxicity models, that account for tumor heterogenicity, limited efficacy and unacceptable toxicity from the very early stage of drug discovery. The platform has been validated by conducting a pilot HTS campaign with a 1280 lead-like compound library. Results showed 8 active compounds, targeting MB reported targets and several are currently approved or in clinical trials for pediatric patients with PBTs, including MB. Moreover, hits were combined to avoid tumor resistance, identifying 3 synergistic pairs, one of which is currently under clinical study for recurrent MB and other PBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Fallon
- Oncoheroes Biosciences S.L., Barcelona, Spain; Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, 08017, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Darell D Bigner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eva Méndez
- Oncoheroes Biosciences S.L., Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Mehta A, Yadav M, Shilpakar SK, Bohara S, Yadav D. Extra-axial cerebellopontine angle nodular medulloblastoma mimicking meningioma: a case report with literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1669-1675. [PMID: 38463083 PMCID: PMC10923268 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medulloblastoma, a highly malignant embryonal tumor predominantly found in the pediatric population, typically arises within the cerebellum. This case report holds particular importance due to the rarity of medulloblastoma within the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). The distinct anatomical challenge posed by the CPA complex neurovascular structures, along with the absence of pathognomonic clinical or radiographic features, highlights the unique diagnostic and management challenge of this case. Case presentation A 5-year-old boy presented with mild, progressively worsening headaches on CT/MRI imaging, which revealed a solid mass in the left CPA. Radiologically, the lesion closely resembled a CPA meningioma. The patient underwent a left retrosigmoid suboccipital craniectomy, utilizing a modified park bench position and careful burrhole creation. Intraoperatively, the tumor exhibited well-defined margins, firm adherence to cranial nerves, and complex tissue characteristics. Postoperatively, histopathological analysis identified nodular medulloblastoma, WHO grade IV, with immunohistochemical markers confirming its subtype. Discussion This case highlights the critical role of surgical intervention in addressing rare tumors, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in both diagnosis and management to achieve a favorable outcome. Uncommon tumor locations, such as the CPA, require tailored approaches, and the utilization of advanced diagnostic techniques, including immunohistochemistry, aids in accurate subtype classification. Conclusion This case highlights the critical role of surgical intervention in addressing rare tumors, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in both diagnosis and management to achieve a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Yadav
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | | | - Sandip Bohara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
| | - Digraj Yadav
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
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19
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Sheng H, Li H, Zeng H, Zhang B, Lu Y, Liu X, Xu Z, Zhang J, Zhang L. Heterogeneity and tumoral origin of medulloblastoma in the single-cell era. Oncogene 2024; 43:839-850. [PMID: 38355808 PMCID: PMC10942862 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors derived from posterior fossa. The current treatment includes maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, whole cranio-spinal radiation and adjuvant with chemotherapy. However, it can only limitedly prolong the survival time with severe side effects and relapse. Defining the intratumoral heterogeneity, cellular origin and identifying the interaction network within tumor microenvironment are helpful for understanding the mechanisms of medulloblastoma tumorigenesis and relapse. Due to technological limitations, the mechanisms of cellular heterogeneity and tumor origin have not been fully understood. Recently, the emergence of single-cell technology has provided a powerful tool for achieving the goal of understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Several studies have demonstrated the intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor origin for each subtype of medulloblastoma utilizing the single-cell RNA-seq, which has not been uncovered before using conventional technologies. In this review, we present an overview of the current progress in understanding of cellular heterogeneity and tumor origin of medulloblastoma and discuss novel findings in the age of single-cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haotai Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Zeng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongwen Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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20
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DING C, ZHAO W, HUANG H, LI Y, ZHANG Z, ZHANG R, WANG Y, WU D, CHEN C, LIU H, CHEN J. [Expression of FAT1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Relationship
with Immune Cell Infiltration]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:109-117. [PMID: 38453442 PMCID: PMC10918241 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.102.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological subtype, with adenocarcinoma being the predominant type. FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) is a receptor-like protein with a high frequency of mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. The protein encoded by FAT1 plays a crucial role in processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This study aims to investigate the expression of FAT1 in lung adenocarcinoma and its relationship with immune infiltration. METHODS Gene expression levels and relevant clinical information of 513 lung adenocarcinoma samples and 397 adjacent lung samples were obtained through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data. The mRNA expression levels of the FAT1 gene in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were analyzed, along with its association with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the signaling pathways regulated by the FAT1 gene. Immunoblotting was used to detect the differential expression of FAT1 in lung epithelial cells and various lung cancer cell lines, while immunohistochemistry was employed to assess FAT1 expression in lung cancer and adjacent tissues. RESULTS FAT1 gene mutations were identified in 14% of lung adenocarcinoma patients. TCGA database data revealed significantly higher FAT1 mRNA expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to adjacent lung tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated lower survival rates in lung adenocarcinoma patients with higher FAT gene expression. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested the involvement of FAT1 in tumor development pathways, and its expression was closely associated with immune cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical validation demonstrated significantly higher expression of FAT1 in cancer tissues compared to adjacent lung tissues. CONCLUSIONS FAT1 mRNA is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and elevated FAT1 mRNA expression is associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. FAT1 may serve as a potential biomarker for lung cancer.
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21
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Wang Y, Huang J, Yin X, Xu Q, Sun Y, Yao Y, Xiong J. Development and validation of a 23-gene expression signature for molecular subtyping of medulloblastoma in a long-term Chinese cohort. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:72. [PMID: 38329556 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood malignant brain tumor and is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Recent transcriptional studies have shown that medulloblastomas comprise at least four molecular subgroups, each with distinct demographics, genetics, and clinical outcomes. Medulloblastoma subtyping has become critical for subgroup-specific therapies. The use of gene expression assays to determine the molecular subgroup of clinical specimens is a long-awaited application of molecular biology for this pediatric cancer. METHODS In the current study, we established a medulloblastoma transcriptome database of 460 samples retrieved from three published datasets (GSE21140, GSE37382, and GSE37418). With this database, we identified a 23-gene signature that is significantly associated with the medulloblastoma subgroups and achieved a classification accuracy of 95.2%. RESULTS The 23-gene signature was further validated in a long-term cohort of 142 Chinese medulloblastoma patients. The 23-gene signature classified 21 patients as WNT (15%), 41 as SHH (29%), 16 as Group 3 (11%), and 64 as Group 4 (45%). For patients of WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4, 5-year overall-survival rate reached 80%, 62%, 27%, and 47%, respectively (p < 0.0001), meanwhile 5-year progression-free survival reached 80%, 52%, 27%, and 45%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Besides, SHH/TP53-mutant tumors were associated with worse prognosis compared with SHH/TP53 wild-type tumors and other subgroups. We demonstrated that subgroup assignments by the 23-gene signature and Northcott's NanoString assay were highly comparable with a concordance rate of 96.4%. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we present a novel gene signature that is capable of accurately and reliably assigning FFPE medulloblastoma samples to their molecular subgroup, which may serve as an auxiliary tool for medulloblastoma subtyping in the clinic. Future incorporation of this gene signature into prospective clinical trials is warranted to further evaluate its clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Canhelp Genomics Research Center, Canhelp Genomics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 31100, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Machine Learning and Systems Biology, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Canhelp Genomics Research Center, Canhelp Genomics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 31100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ji Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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22
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van Essen MJ, Apsley EJ, Riepsaame J, Xu R, Northcott PA, Cowley SA, Jacob J, Becker EBE. PTCH1-mutant human cerebellar organoids exhibit altered neural development and recapitulate early medulloblastoma tumorigenesis. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050323. [PMID: 38411252 PMCID: PMC10924233 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patched 1 (PTCH1) is the primary receptor for the sonic hedgehog (SHH) ligand and negatively regulates SHH signalling, an essential pathway in human embryogenesis. Loss-of-function mutations in PTCH1 are associated with altered neuronal development and the malignant brain tumour medulloblastoma. As a result of differences between murine and human development, molecular and cellular perturbations that arise from human PTCH1 mutations remain poorly understood. Here, we used cerebellar organoids differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells combined with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to investigate the earliest molecular and cellular consequences of PTCH1 mutations on human cerebellar development. Our findings demonstrate that developmental mechanisms in cerebellar organoids reflect in vivo processes of regionalisation and SHH signalling, and offer new insights into early pathophysiological events of medulloblastoma tumorigenesis without the use of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. van Essen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Elizabeth J. Apsley
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Joey Riepsaame
- Genome Engineering Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK
| | - Ruijie Xu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Paul A. Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Sally A. Cowley
- James and Lillian Martin Centre for Stem Cell Research, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - John Jacob
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Esther B. E. Becker
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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23
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Zaresharifi N, Abbaspour E, Yousefzade-Chabok S, Reihanian Z, Karimian P, Karimzadhagh S. Rare incidence of parietal lobe metastasis in an adult with desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma: A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 115:109322. [PMID: 38281381 PMCID: PMC10839255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Medulloblastoma in adults is a rare and highly aggressive central nervous system (CNS) tumor, representing less than 1 % of all brain tumors. Supratentorial metastasis is uncommon, and extra-neural metastasis occurs in approximately 5 % of cases, primarily in frontal and temporal lobes. Here, we present an exceptional case of parietal lobe metastasis in an adult with desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma. To explore prior cases and establish the uniqueness of our case, we conducted a thorough search on the PubMed database. CASE PRESENTATION A 46-year-old male, who was previously treated for medulloblastoma with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy seven years ago, presented with clinical symptoms suggestive of potential tumor recurrence. Despite two years of dedicated adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the patient exhibited progressive right hemiparesis, ataxia, and gait disturbances. Subsequent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a distinct 6 × 4 × 2 cm lesion in the left parietal lobe, which, upon post-operative histopathological examination, was identified as a supratentorial metastasis originating from desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Medulloblastomas, once categorized as primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), are now distinctly classified as high-grade embryonal tumors, mainly characterized by their histological features and cellular origin. Common clinical presentations include hydrocephalus, headache, unsteady gait, and truncal ataxia. Surgical intervention aims for radical excision, complemented by vital adjuvant chemoradiotherapy to minimize recurrence risk. CONCLUSION Considering the possibility of tumor recurrence or intracranial metastasis in patients with medulloblastoma is crucial. Therefore, regular follow-ups are strongly recommended to promptly detect any signs of reoccurrence in these atypical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Zaresharifi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Elahe Abbaspour
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Zoheir Reihanian
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Paridokht Karimian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sahand Karimzadhagh
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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24
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Neyazi S, Yamazawa E, Hack K, Tanaka S, Nagae G, Kresbach C, Umeda T, Eckhardt A, Tatsuno K, Pohl L, Hana T, Bockmayr M, Kim P, Dorostkar MM, Takami T, Obrecht D, Takai K, Suwala AK, Komori T, Godbole S, Wefers AK, Otani R, Neumann JE, Higuchi F, Schweizer L, Nakanishi Y, Monoranu CM, Takami H, Engertsberger L, Yamada K, Ruf V, Nomura M, Mohme T, Mukasa A, Herms J, Takayanagi S, Mynarek M, Matsuura R, Lamszus K, Ishii K, Kluwe L, Imai H, von Deimling A, Koike T, Benesch M, Kushihara Y, Snuderl M, Nambu S, Frank S, Omura T, Hagel C, Kugasawa K, Mautner VF, Ichimura K, Rutkowski S, Aburatani H, Saito N, Schüller U. Transcriptomic and epigenetic dissection of spinal ependymoma (SP-EPN) identifies clinically relevant subtypes enriched for tumors with and without NF2 mutation. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:22. [PMID: 38265489 PMCID: PMC10808175 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Ependymomas encompass multiple clinically relevant tumor types based on localization and molecular profiles. Tumors of the methylation class "spinal ependymoma" (SP-EPN) represent the most common intramedullary neoplasms in children and adults. However, their developmental origin is ill-defined, molecular data are scarce, and the potential heterogeneity within SP-EPN remains unexplored. The only known recurrent genetic events in SP-EPN are loss of chromosome 22q and NF2 mutations, but neither types and frequency of these alterations nor their clinical relevance have been described in a large, epigenetically defined series. Transcriptomic (n = 72), epigenetic (n = 225), genetic (n = 134), and clinical data (n = 112) were integrated for a detailed molecular overview on SP-EPN. Additionally, we mapped SP-EPN transcriptomes to developmental atlases of the developing and adult spinal cord to uncover potential developmental origins of these tumors. The integration of transcriptomic ependymoma data with single-cell atlases of the spinal cord revealed that SP-EPN display the highest similarities to mature adult ependymal cells. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of transcriptomic data together with integrated analysis of methylation profiles identified two molecular SP-EPN subtypes. Subtype A tumors primarily carried previously known germline or sporadic NF2 mutations together with 22q loss (bi-allelic NF2 loss), resulting in decreased NF2 expression. Furthermore, they more often presented as multilocular disease and demonstrated a significantly reduced progression-free survival as compared to SP-EP subtype B. In contrast, subtype B predominantly contained samples without NF2 mutation detected in sequencing together with 22q loss (monoallelic NF2 loss). These tumors showed regular NF2 expression but more extensive global copy number alterations. Based on integrated molecular profiling of a large multi-center cohort, we identified two distinct SP-EPN subtypes with important implications for genetic counseling, patient surveillance, and drug development priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Neyazi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erika Yamazawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karoline Hack
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genta Nagae
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Catena Kresbach
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Takayoshi Umeda
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alicia Eckhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kenji Tatsuno
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lara Pohl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Taijun Hana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Bockmayr
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Phyo Kim
- Utsunomiya Neurospine Center, Symphony Clinic, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Mario M Dorostkar
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Toshihiro Takami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Denise Obrecht
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Keisuke Takai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abigail K Suwala
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shweta Godbole
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika K Wefers
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ryohei Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Julia E Neumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fumi Higuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Teikyo Hospital, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leonille Schweizer
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Yuta Nakanishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hirokazu Takami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lara Engertsberger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Keisuke Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Viktoria Ruf
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Masashi Nomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Theresa Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shunsaku Takayanagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin Mynarek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reiko Matsuura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kazuhiko Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lan Kluwe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hideaki Imai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tsukasa Koike
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin Benesch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yoshihiro Kushihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, USA
| | - Shohei Nambu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Takaki Omura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Hagel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kazuha Kugasawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Viktor F Mautner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Aboubakr O, Métais A, Doz F, Saffroy R, Masliah-Planchon J, Hasty L, Beccaria K, Ayrault O, Dufour C, Varlet P, Tauziède-Espariat A. LEF-1 immunohistochemistry, a better diagnostic biomarker than β-catenin for medulloblastoma, WNT-activated subtyping. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:136-138. [PMID: 38237134 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Aboubakr
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alice Métais
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres University, SIREDO, INSERM U830, Laboratory of translational research in pediatric oncology, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Saffroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetics, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, PMDT, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University Paris, France
| | - Lauren Hasty
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Beccaria
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Christelle Dufour
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
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26
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Delaidelli A, Oliveira de Santis J, Sorensen PH. Actions speak louder than ORFs: A non-canonical microprotein promotes medulloblastoma oncogenesis. Mol Cell 2024; 84:188-190. [PMID: 38242097 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Hofman et al.1 identify the translation of a non-canonical upstream open reading frame of the ASNSD1 gene into a microprotein that supports medulloblastoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Jessica Oliveira de Santis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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27
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Ghasemi DR, Okonechnikov K, Rademacher A, Tirier S, Maass KK, Schumacher H, Joshi P, Gold MP, Sundheimer J, Statz B, Rifaioglu AS, Bauer K, Schumacher S, Bortolomeazzi M, Giangaspero F, Ernst KJ, Clifford SC, Saez-Rodriguez J, Jones DTW, Kawauchi D, Fraenkel E, Mallm JP, Rippe K, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Pajtler KW. Compartments in medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity are connected through differentiation along the granular precursor lineage. Nat Commun 2024; 15:269. [PMID: 38191550 PMCID: PMC10774372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas with extensive nodularity are cerebellar tumors characterized by two distinct compartments and variable disease progression. The mechanisms governing the balance between proliferation and differentiation in MBEN remain poorly understood. Here, we employ a multi-modal single cell transcriptome analysis to dissect this process. In the internodular compartment, we identify proliferating cerebellar granular neuronal precursor-like malignant cells, along with stromal, vascular, and immune cells. In contrast, the nodular compartment comprises postmitotic, neuronally differentiated malignant cells. Both compartments are connected through an intermediate cell stage resembling actively migrating CGNPs. Notably, we also discover astrocytic-like malignant cells, found in proximity to migrating and differentiated cells at the transition zone between the two compartments. Our study sheds light on the spatial tissue organization and its link to the developmental trajectory, resulting in a more benign tumor phenotype. This integrative approach holds promise to explore intercompartmental interactions in other cancers with varying histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Ghasemi
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Rademacher
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Tirier
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- Resolve BioSciences GmbH, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Kendra K Maass
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Schumacher
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maxwell P Gold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Sundheimer
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Statz
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmet S Rifaioglu
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, İskenderun Technical University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Katharina Bauer
- Single-cell Open Lab, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schumacher
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Kati J Ernst
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Edythe Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jan-Philipp Mallm
- Single-cell Open Lab, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sokolov D, Sharda N, Banerjee A, Denisenko K, Basalious EB, Shukla H, Waddell J, Hamdy NM, Banerjee A. Differential Signaling Pathways in Medulloblastoma: Nano-biomedicine Targeting Non-coding Epigenetics to Improve Current and Future Therapeutics. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:31-47. [PMID: 38151840 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128277350231219062154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastomas (MDB) are malignant, aggressive brain tumors that primarily affect children. The survival rate for children under 14 is approximately 72%, while for ages 15 to 39, it is around 78%. A growing body of evidence suggests that dysregulation of signaling mechanisms and noncoding RNA epigenetics play a pivotal role in this disease. METHODOLOGY This study conducted an electronic search of articles on websites like PubMed and Google. The current review also used an in silico databases search and bioinformatics analysis and an extensive comprehensive literature search for original research articles and review articles as well as retrieval of current and future medications in clinical trials. RESULTS This study indicates that several signaling pathways, such as sonic hedgehog, WNT/β-catenin, unfolded protein response mediated ER stress, notch, neurotrophins and TGF-β and ERK, MAPK, and ERK play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MDB. Gene and ncRNA/protein are also involved as an axis long ncRNA to sponge micro-RNAs that affect downstream signal proteins expression and translation affection disease pathophysiology, prognosis and present potential target hit for drug repurposing. Current treatment options include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy; unfortunately, the disease often relapses, and the survival rate is less than 5%. Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective treatments to combat recurrence and improve survival rates. CONCLUSION This review describes various MDB disease hallmarks, including the signaling mechanisms involved in pathophysiology, related-causal genes, epigenetics, downstream genes/epigenes, and possibly the causal disease genes/non-protein coding (nc)RNA/protein axis. Additionally, the challenges associated with MDB treatment are discussed, along with how they are being addressed using nano-technology and nano-biomedicine, with a listing of possible treatment options and future potential treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Sokolov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - Neha Sharda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - Aindrila Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kseniia Denisenko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - Emad B Basalious
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Al Kasr Al Aini 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hem Shukla
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jaylyn Waddell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, MD 21201, USA
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29
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Tam LT, Cole B, Stasi SM, Paulson VA, Wright JN, Hoeppner C, Holtzclaw S, Crotty EE, Ellenbogen RG, Lee A, Ermoian RP, Lockwood CM, Leary SES, Ronsley R. Somatic Versus Germline: A Case Series of Three Children With ATM-Mutated Medulloblastoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300333. [PMID: 38207225 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatic versus Germline-A Case Series of Three Children with ATM- mutated Medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia T Tam
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bonnie Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Shannon M Stasi
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Vera A Paulson
- Genetics Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jason N Wright
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Corrine Hoeppner
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Susan Holtzclaw
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Erin E Crotty
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Amy Lee
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Christina M Lockwood
- Genetics Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sarah E S Leary
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rebecca Ronsley
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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30
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Mushtaq N, Ul Ain R, Hamid SA, Bouffet E. Evolution of Systemic Therapy in Medulloblastoma Including Irradiation-Sparing Approaches. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3680. [PMID: 38132264 PMCID: PMC10743079 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of medulloblastoma in children has dramatically changed over the past four decades, with the development of chemotherapy protocols aiming at improving survival and reducing long-term toxicities of high-dose craniospinal radiotherapy. While the staging and treatment of medulloblastoma were until recently based on the modified Chang's system, recent advances in the molecular biology of medulloblastoma have revolutionized approaches in the management of this increasingly complex disease. The evolution of systemic therapies is described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Mushtaq
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Rahat Ul Ain
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Child Health Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Ahmer Hamid
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Global Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, St. Jude Global, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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31
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Malawsky DS, Dismuke T, Liu H, Castellino E, Brenman J, Dasgupta B, Tikunov A, Gershon TR. Chronic AMPK inactivation slows SHH medulloblastoma progression by inhibiting mTORC1 signaling and depleting tumor stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:108443. [PMID: 38094249 PMCID: PMC10716552 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We show that inactivating AMPK in a genetic medulloblastoma model depletes tumor stem cells and slows progression. In medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, drug-resistant stem cells co-exist with transit-amplifying cells and terminally differentiated neuronal progeny. Prior studies show that Hk2-dependent glycolysis promotes medulloblastoma progression by suppressing neural differentiation. To determine how the metabolic regulator AMPK affects medulloblastoma growth and differentiation, we inactivated AMPK genetically in medulloblastomas. We bred conditional Prkaa1 and Prkaa2 deletions into medulloblastoma-prone SmoM2 mice and compared SmoM2-driven medulloblastomas with intact or inactivated AMPK. AMPK-inactivation increased event-free survival (EFS) and altered cellular heterogeneity, increasing differentiation and decreasing tumor stem cell populations. Surprisingly, AMPK-inactivation decreased mTORC1 activity and decreased Hk2 expression. Hk2 deletion similarly depleted medulloblastoma stem cells, implicating reduced glycolysis in the AMPK-inactivated phenotype. Our results show that AMPK inactivation disproportionately impairs medulloblastoma stem cell populations typically refractory to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shiloh Malawsky
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Taylor Dismuke
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hedi Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ethan Castellino
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jay Brenman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Biplab Dasgupta
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrey Tikunov
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Center for Neurosciences Research, Children’s Hospital of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Timothy R. Gershon
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Center for Neurosciences Research, Children’s Hospital of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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32
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Cohen KJ, Munjapara V, Aguilera D, Castellino RC, Stapleton SL, Landi D, Ashley DM, Rodriguez FJ, Hawkins C, Yang E, London W, Chi S, Bandopadhayay P. A Pilot Study Omitting Radiation in the Treatment of Children with Newly Diagnosed Wnt-Activated Medulloblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:5031-5037. [PMID: 37498309 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of wingless (WNT)-activated medulloblastoma (WNT+MB) with surgery, irradiation (XRT), and chemotherapy results in excellent outcomes. We studied the efficacy of therapy de-intensification by omitting XRT entirely in children with WNT+MB. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumors were molecularly screened to confirm the diagnosis of WNT+MB. Eligible children were treated within 31 days following surgery with nine cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy per ACNS0331. No XRT was planned. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of relapse, progression, or death in the absence of XRT within the first two years after study enrollment. Four events in the first 10 evaluable patients would result in early study closure. RESULTS Fourteen children were prescreened, and nine met the protocol definition of WNT+MB. Six of the nine eligible patients consented to protocol therapy, and five completed planned protocol therapy. The first two children enrolled relapsed shortly after therapy completion with local and leptomeningeal recurrences. The study was closed early due to safety concerns. Both children are surviving after XRT and additional chemotherapy. A third child relapsed at completion of therapy but died of progressive disease 35 months from diagnosis. Two children finished treatment but immediately received post-treatment XRT to guard against early relapse. The final child's treatment was aborted in favor of a high-dose therapy/stem cell rescue approach. Although OS at 5 years is 83%, no child received only planned protocol therapy, with all receiving eventual XRT and/or alternative therapy. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy is required to effectively treat children with WNT-altered medulloblastoma. See related commentary by Gottardo and Gajjar, p. 4996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Cohen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vasu Munjapara
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dolly Aguilera
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert C Castellino
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stacie L Stapleton
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Daniel Landi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke University Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David M Ashley
- Department of Surgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke University Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edward Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy London
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Chi
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gharbaran R. Insights into the molecular roles of FOXR2 in the pathology of primary pediatric brain tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104188. [PMID: 37879492 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box gene R2 (FOXR2) belongs to the family of FOX genes which codes for highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) with critical roles in biological processes ranging from development to organogenesis to metabolic and immune regulation to cellular homeostasis. A number of FOX genes are associated with cancer development and progression and poor prognosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that FOXR2 is an oncogene. Studies suggested important roles for FOXR2 in cancer cell growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Recent studies showed that FOXR2 is overexpressed by a subset of newly identified entities of embryonal tumors. This review discusses the role(s) FOXR2 plays in the pathology of pediatric brain cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Gharbaran
- Biological Sciences Department, Bronx Community College/City University of New York, 2155 University Avenue, Bronx, NY 10453, USA.
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Haratek K, Bubeníková A, Entenmann CJ, Tomášek M, Zápotocký M, Sumerauer D, Kynčl M, Koblížek M, Libý P, Tichý M, Bradáč O, Beneš V. Predictors of postoperative complications and functional outcomes in pediatric patients with surgically treated fourth ventricle tumors. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:4279-4292. [PMID: 37535206 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors of the fourth ventricle are frequently treated pathologies in pediatric neurosurgery. Data regarding predictors for permanent neurological deficits, long-term functional outcomes, cerebellar mutism (CM), the extent of resection (EOR), and oncological outcomes are scarce. We attempt to contribute to this topic with an analysis of our institutional cohort. METHODS A retrospective single-center study of patients aged ≤ 19 years who underwent primary surgical resection of a fourth ventricular tumor over a 15-year period (2006-2021). Predictors analyzed included age, gender, surgical approach, anatomical pattern, tumor grade, EOR, tumor volume, and others as appropriate. RESULTS One hundred six patients were included (64 males, mean age 7.3 years). The rate of permanent neurological deficit was 24.2%; lateral tumor extension (p = 0.036) and tumor volume greater than 38 cm3 (p = 0.020) were significant predictors. The presence of a deficit was the only significant predictor of reduced (less than 90) Lansky score (p = 0.005). CM occurred in 20.8% of patients and was influenced by medulloblastoma histology (p = 0.011), lateral tumor extension (p = 0.017), and male gender (p = 0.021). No significant difference between the transvermian and telovelar approach in the development of CM was detected (p = 0.478). No significant predictor was found for the EOR. EOR was not found to be a significant predictor of overall survival for both low-grade and high-grade tumors; however, gross total resection (GTR) was protective against tumor recurrence compared to near-total or subtotal resection (p < 0.001). In addition, survival was found to be better in older patients (≥ 7.0 years, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION The overall rate of postoperative complications remains high due to the eloquent localization. Older patients (> 7 years) have been found to have better outcomes and prognosis. Achieving GTR whenever feasible and safe has been shown to be critical for tumor recurrence. CM was more common in patients with medulloblastoma and in patients with tumors extending through the foramen of Luschka. The telovelar approach uses a safe and anatomically sparing corridor; however, it has not been associated with a lower incidence of CM and neurological sequelae in our series, showing that each case should be assessed on an individual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kryštof Haratek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Bubeníková
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Tomášek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zápotocký
- Center for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sumerauer
- Center for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kynčl
- Center for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Koblížek
- Center for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Libý
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bradáč
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Beneš
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Center for Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Mariotto E, Rampazzo E, Bortolozzi R, Rruga F, Zeni I, Manfreda L, Marchioro C, Canton M, Cani A, Magni R, Luchini A, Bresolin S, Viola G, Persano L. Molecular and functional profiling of chemotolerant cells unveils nucleoside metabolism-dependent vulnerabilities in medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:183. [PMID: 37978570 PMCID: PMC10655385 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is considered one of the main causes of tumor relapse, still challenging researchers for the identification of the molecular mechanisms sustaining its emergence. Here, we setup and characterized chemotherapy-resistant models of Medulloblastoma (MB), one of the most lethal pediatric brain tumors, to uncover targetable vulnerabilities associated to their resistant phenotype. Integration of proteomic, transcriptomic and kinomic data revealed a significant deregulation of several pathways in resistant MB cells, converging to cell metabolism, RNA/protein homeostasis, and immune response, eventually impacting on patient outcome. Moreover, resistant MB cell response to a large library of compounds through a high-throughput screening (HTS), highlighted nucleoside metabolism as a relevant vulnerability of chemotolerant cells, with peculiar antimetabolites demonstrating increased efficacy against them and even synergism with conventional chemotherapeutics. Our results suggest that drug-resistant cells significantly rewire multiple cellular processes, allowing their adaptation to a chemotoxic environment, nevertheless exposing alternative actionable susceptibilities for their specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mariotto
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy.
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy.
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Fatlum Rruga
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zeni
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Manfreda
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Marchioro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Canton
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Alice Cani
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Ruben Magni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, MSN 1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, MSN 1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padua, Italy
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36
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Faria Assoni A, Giove Mitsugi T, Wardenaar R, Oliveira Ferreira R, Farias Jandrey EH, Machado Novaes G, Fonseca de Oliveira Granha I, Bakker P, Kaid C, Zatz M, Foijer F, Keith Okamoto O. Neurodegeneration-associated protein VAPB regulates proliferation in medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19481. [PMID: 37945695 PMCID: PMC10636017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
VAMP (Vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C (VAPB) has been widely studied in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, but little is known about its role in cancer. Medulloblastoma is a common brain malignancy in children and arises from undifferentiated cells during neuronal development. Therefore, medulloblastoma is an interesting model to investigate the possible relationship between VAPB and tumorigenesis. Here we demonstrate that high VAPB expression in medulloblastoma correlates with decreased overall patient survival. Consistent with this clinical correlation, we find that VAPB is required for normal proliferation rates of medulloblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Knockout of VAPB (VAPBKO) delayed cell cycle progression. Furthermore, transcript levels of WNT-related proteins were decreased in the VAPBKO. We conclude that VAPB is required for proliferation of medulloblastoma cells, thus revealing VAPB as a potential therapeutic target for medulloblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Faria Assoni
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thiago Giove Mitsugi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raiane Oliveira Ferreira
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Elisa Helena Farias Jandrey
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Machado Novaes
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Isabela Fonseca de Oliveira Granha
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Petra Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolini Kaid
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
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37
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Zhang Q, Zou W, He L, Zhang C, Wang Y. The Sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC0449 induces autophagic death in human Medulloblastoma Daoy cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:529-539. [PMID: 37953603 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2270676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a frequently occurring malignant brain tumor in children, and many of these tumors are identified by the abnormal activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. Although the Shh inhibitor GDC0449 initially shows some effectiveness in certain tumors, they eventually recur due to drug resistance mechanisms, highlighting the need for new treatment options. In this study, we explore whether GDC0449 induces autophagy in the human MB cell lines. To investigate the ultrastructural pathology changes of GDC0449-treated Daoy and D283 cells, we employed Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) technology to identify the expression of autophagic vacuoles. Our results indicate that GDC0449 only increases autophagy in Daoy cells by increasing the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and autophagosome formation.We also analyzed Beclin1, LC3, Bax, and Cleaved-caspase3 protein and mRNA expression levels of autophagic and apoptotic markers using fluorescence confocal microscopy, RT-PCR, and Western blot. We found that cell autophagy and apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner with GDC0449 treatment. Additionally, we observed increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and decreased protein kinase B (AKT/PKB), Ribosomal Protein S6, eIF4E-binding protein (4EBP1) phosphorylation in GDC0449-treated Daoy cells. It was observed that inhibiting autophagy using Beclin1 siRNA significantly blocked the apoptosis-inducing effects of GDC0449, suggesting that GDC0449 mediates its apoptotic effects by inducing autophagy.Our data suggests that GDC0449 inhibits the growth of human MB Daoy cells by autophagy-mediated apoptosis. The mechanism of GDC0449-induced autophagy in Daoy cells may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjing Zou
- Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao He
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Neural Reconstructional Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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38
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Fitzgerald MC, O'Halloran PJ, Kerrane SA, Ní Chonghaile T, Connolly NMC, Murphy BM. The identification of BCL-XL and MCL-1 as key anti-apoptotic proteins in medulloblastoma that mediate distinct roles in chemotherapy resistance. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:705. [PMID: 37898609 PMCID: PMC10613306 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant paediatric brain tumour, representing 20% of all paediatric intercranial tumours. Current aggressive treatment protocols and the use of radiation therapy in particular are associated with high levels of toxicity and significant adverse effects, and long-term sequelae can be severe. Therefore, improving chemotherapy efficacy could reduce the current reliance on radiation therapy. Here, we demonstrated that systems-level analysis of basal apoptosis protein expression and their signalling interactions can differentiate between medulloblastoma cell lines that undergo apoptosis in response to chemotherapy, and those that do not. Combining computational predictions with experimental BH3 profiling, we identified a therapeutically-exploitable dependence of medulloblastoma cells on BCL-XL, and experimentally validated that BCL-XL targeting, and not targeting of BCL-2 or MCL-1, can potentiate cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in medulloblastoma cell lines with low sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Finally, we identified MCL-1 as an anti-apoptotic mediator whose targeting is required for BCL-XL inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Collectively, our study identifies that BCL-XL and MCL-1 are the key anti-apoptotic proteins in medulloblastoma, which mediate distinct protective roles. While BCL-XL has a first-line role in protecting cells from apoptosis basally, MCL-1 represents a second line of defence that compensates for BCL-XL upon its inhibition. We provide rationale for the further evaluation of BCL-XL and MCL-1 inhibitors in the treatment of medulloblastoma, and together with current efforts to improve the cancer-specificity of BCL-2 family inhibitors, these novel treatment strategies have the potential to improve the future clinical management of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Fitzgerald
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 31A York Street, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre at the Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, D12 N512, Ireland
| | - Philip J O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 31A York Street, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sean A Kerrane
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 31A York Street, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre at the Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, D12 N512, Ireland
| | - Triona Ní Chonghaile
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 31A York Street, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 31A York Street, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 31A York Street, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Brona M Murphy
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 31A York Street, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland.
- National Children's Research Centre at the Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, D12 N512, Ireland.
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Sanghrajka RM, Koche R, Medrano H, El Nagar S, Stephen DN, Lao Z, Bayin NS, Ge K, Joyner AL. KMT2D suppresses Sonic hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma progression and metastasis. iScience 2023; 26:107831. [PMID: 37822508 PMCID: PMC10562805 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The major cause of treatment failure and mortality among medulloblastoma patients is metastasis intracranially or along the spinal cord. The molecular mechanisms driving tumor metastasis in Sonic hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma (SHH-MB) patients, however, remain largely unknown. In this study we define a tumor suppressive role of KMT2D (MLL2), a gene frequently mutated in the most metastatic β-subtype. Strikingly, genetic mouse models of SHH-MB demonstrate that heterozygous loss of Kmt2d in conjunction with activation of the SHH pathway causes highly penetrant disease with decreased survival, increased hindbrain invasion and spinal cord metastasis. Loss of Kmt2d attenuates neural differentiation and shifts the transcriptional/chromatin landscape of primary and metastatic tumors toward a decrease in differentiation genes and tumor suppressors and an increase in genes/pathways implicated in advanced stage cancer and metastasis (TGFβ, Notch, Atoh1, Sox2, and Myc). Thus, secondary heterozygous KMT2D mutations likely have prognostic value for identifying SHH-MB patients prone to develop metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeti Mayur Sanghrajka
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hector Medrano
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salsabiel El Nagar
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel N. Stephen
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhimin Lao
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N. Sumru Bayin
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Ge
- Adipocyte Biology and Gene Regulation Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Joyner
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Rajagopal R, Teng AJ, Jawin V, Wong OL, Mahsin H, Abd Rani NH, Yap TY, Gunasagaran K, Thevarajah A, Yeoh SL, Ong GB, Ariffin H, Jones D, Bouffet E, Gottardo NG. Prognostic significance of molecular subgroups in survival outcome for children with medulloblastoma in Malaysia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1278611. [PMID: 37920166 PMCID: PMC10619898 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1278611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Advancements in genomic profiling led to the discovery of four major molecular subgroups in medulloblastoma (MB), which have now been incorporated into the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors. The current study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the MB molecular subgroups among children in Malaysia. Methods We assembled MB samples from children <18 years between January 2003 and June 2017 from four pediatric oncology centers in Malaysia. MB was sub-grouped using 850k DNA methylation testing at German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. Results Fifty samples from patients diagnosed and treated as MB were identified. Two (4%) of the 50 patients' tumor DNA samples were insufficient for analysis. Of the remaining 48 patients, 41 (85%) samples were confirmed as MB, while for 7 (15%) patients, DNA methylation classification results were discrepant with the histopathological diagnosis of MB, with various other diagnoses. Of the 41 MB patients, 15 patients were stratified as standard-risk (SR), 16 patients as high-risk (HR), and ten as infants (age <3 years old). Molecular subgrouping of the whole cohort revealed four (14%) WNT, 11 (27%) SHH, 10 (24%) Group 3, and 16 (39%) Group 4. Treatment abandonment rates for older children and infants were 22.5% and 10%, respectively. After censoring treatment abandonment, for SR patients, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 43.1% ± 14.7% and 46.9 ± 15.6%, respectively, while in HR, 5-year EFS and OS were both 63.6% ± 14.5%. Infants had a 5-year EFS and OS of 55.6% ± 16.6% and 66.7% ± 15.7%, respectively. WNT tumors had the best 5y-OS, followed by Group 3, Group 4, and SHH in children ≥3 years old. In younger children, SHH MB patients showed favorable outcomes. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of DNA methylation profiling for diagnostic accuracy. Most infants had SHH MB, and their EFS and OS were comparable to those reported in high-income countries. Due to the relatively small cohort and the high treatment abandonment rate, definite conclusions cannot be made regarding the prognostic significance of molecular subgroups of MB. Implementing this high-technology investigation would assist pathologists in improving the diagnosis and provide molecular subgrouping of MB, permitting subgroup-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Rajagopal
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ay Jiuan Teng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Vida Jawin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Johor Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Oy Leng Wong
- Department of Pathology, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Hakimah Mahsin
- Department of Pathology, Penang General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Nor Haizura Abd Rani
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Tsiao Yi Yap
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kogilavani Gunasagaran
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Sabah Woman and Children’s Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Asohan Thevarajah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Sabah Woman and Children’s Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Seoh Leng Yeoh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penang General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Gek Bee Ong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas G. Gottardo
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology/Hematology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, WA, Australia
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA, Australia
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Borlase S, DeCarlo A, Coudière-Morrison L, Liang L, Porter CJ, Ramaswamy V, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE. Cross-species analysis of SHH medulloblastoma models reveals significant inhibitory effects of trametinib on tumor progression. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:347. [PMID: 37726268 PMCID: PMC10509237 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastomas (MBs) exhibit an intermediate prognosis and extensive intertumoral heterogeneity. While SHH pathway antagonists are effective in post-pubertal patients, younger patients exhibit significant side effects, and tumors that harbor mutations in downstream SHH pathway genes will be drug resistant. Thus, novel targeted therapies are needed. Here, we performed preclinical testing of the potent MEK inhibitor (MEKi) trametinib on tumor properties across 2 human and 3 mouse SHH MB models in vitro and in 3 orthotopic MB xenograft models in vivo. Trametinib significantly reduces tumorsphere size, stem/progenitor cell proliferation, viability, and migration. RNA-sequencing on human and mouse trametinib treated cells corroborated these findings with decreased expression of cell cycle, stem cell pathways and SHH-pathway related genes concomitant with increases in genes associated with cell death and ciliopathies. Importantly, trametinib also decreases tumor growth and increases survival in vivo. Cell cycle related E2F target gene sets are significantly enriched for genes that are commonly downregulated in both trametinib treated tumorspheres and primary xenografts. However, IL6/JAK STAT3 and TNFα/NFκB signaling gene sets are specifically upregulated following trametinib treatment in vivo indicative of compensatory molecular changes following long-term MEK inhibition. Our study reveals a novel role for trametinib in effectively attenuating SHH MB tumor progression and warrants further investigation of this potent MEK1/2 inhibitor either alone or in combination with other targeted therapies for the treatment of SHH MB exhibiting elevated MAPK pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Borlase
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alexandria DeCarlo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ludivine Coudière-Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lisa Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Christopher J Porter
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Gómez-González S, Llano J, Garcia M, Garrido-Garcia A, Suñol M, Lemos I, Perez-Jaume S, Salvador N, Gene-Olaciregui N, Galán RA, Santa-María V, Perez-Somarriba M, Castañeda A, Hinojosa J, Winter U, Moreira FB, Lubieniecki F, Vazquez V, Mora J, Cruz O, La Madrid AM, Perera A, Lavarino C. EpiGe: A machine-learning strategy for rapid classification of medulloblastoma using PCR-based methyl-genotyping. iScience 2023; 26:107598. [PMID: 37664618 PMCID: PMC10470382 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular classification of medulloblastoma is critical for the treatment of this brain tumor. Array-based DNA methylation profiling has emerged as a powerful approach for brain tumor classification. However, this technology is currently not widely available. We present a machine-learning decision support system (DSS) that enables the classification of the principal molecular groups-WNT, SHH, and non-WNT/non-SHH-directly from quantitative PCR (qPCR) data. We propose a framework where the developed DSS appears as a user-friendly web-application-EpiGe-App-that enables automated interpretation of qPCR methylation data and subsequent molecular group prediction. The basis of our classification strategy is a previously validated six-cytosine signature with subgroup-specific methylation profiles. This reduced set of markers enabled us to develop a methyl-genotyping assay capable of determining the methylation status of cytosines using qPCR instruments. This study provides a comprehensive approach for rapid classification of clinically relevant medulloblastoma groups, using readily accessible equipment and an easy-to-use web-application.t.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Gómez-González
- Laboratory of Developmental Tumor Biology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joshua Llano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- B2SLab, Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the Subject Area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Garcia
- Laboratory of Developmental Tumor Biology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Garrido-Garcia
- Laboratory of Developmental Tumor Biology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Suñol
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isadora Lemos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Perez-Jaume
- Laboratory of Developmental Tumor Biology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Salvador
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nagore Gene-Olaciregui
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Santa-María
- Neuro Oncology Unit, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Castañeda
- Pediatric Solid Tumor Unit, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ursula Winter
- Department of Pathology, Pediatric Hospital S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Barbosa Moreira
- Department of Pathology, Pediatric Hospital S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Lubieniecki
- Department of Pathology, Pediatric Hospital S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Vazquez
- Department of Pathology, Pediatric Hospital S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jaume Mora
- Laboratory of Developmental Tumor Biology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Solid Tumor Unit, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ofelia Cruz
- Neuro Oncology Unit, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Morales La Madrid
- Neuro Oncology Unit, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Perera
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- B2SLab, Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the Subject Area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Laboratory of Developmental Tumor Biology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Manfreda L, Rampazzo E, Persano L, Viola G, Bortolozzi R. Surviving the hunger games: Metabolic reprogramming in medulloblastoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115697. [PMID: 37481140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor characterized by its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Metabolic changes have recently emerged as key factors in the development, progression, and response to therapy in various types of cancer. Cancer cells exhibit remarkable adaptability by modulating glucose, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotide metabolism to survive in nutrient- and oxygen-deprived environments. Although medulloblastoma has been extensively studied from a genomic perspective, leading to the identification of four subgroups and their respective subcategories, the investigation of its metabolic phenotype has remained relatively understudied. This review focus on the available literature, aiming to summarize the current knowledge about the main metabolic pathways that are deregulated in medulloblastoma tumors, while emphasizing the controversial aspects and the progress that is yet to be made. Furthermore, we underscored the insights gained so far regarding the impact of metabolism on the development of drug resistance in medulloblastoma and the therapeutic strategies employed to target specific metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Manfreda
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pediatric Research Institute, Padova, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Bagchi A, Dhanda SK, Dunphy P, Sioson E, Robinson GW. Molecular Classification Improves Therapeutic Options for Infants and Young Children With Medulloblastoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023; 21:1097-1105. [PMID: 37643637 PMCID: PMC10765405 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma in infants and young children is a major challenge to treat because craniospinal irradiation (CSI), a cornerstone of therapy for older children, is disproportionately damaging to very young children. As a result, trials have attempted to delay, omit, and replace this therapy. Although success has been limited, the approach has not been a complete failure. In fact, this approach has cured a significant number of children with medulloblastoma. However, many children have endured intensive regimens of chemotherapy only to experience relapse and undergo salvage treatment with CSI, often at higher doses and with worse morbidity than they would have initially experienced. Recent advancements in molecular diagnostics have proven that response to therapy is biologically driven. Medulloblastoma in infants and young children is divided into 2 molecular groups: Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and group 3 (G3). Both are chemotherapy-sensitive, but only the SHH medulloblastomas are reliably cured with chemotherapy alone. Moreover, SHH can be molecularly parsed into 2 groups: SHH-1 and SHH-2, with SHH-2 showing higher cure rates with less intensive chemotherapy and SHH-1 requiring more intensive regimens. G3 medulloblastoma, on the other hand, has a near universal relapse rate after chemotherapy-only regimens. This predictability represents a significant breakthrough and affords oncologists the ability to properly risk-stratify therapy in such a way that the most curative and least toxic therapy is selected. This review examines the treatment of medulloblastoma in infants and young children, discusses the molecular advancements, and proposes how to use this information to structure the future management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bagchi
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sandeep K. Dhanda
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paige Dunphy
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Edgar Sioson
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Giles W. Robinson
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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45
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Mizushima M, Okamoto M, Yamaguchi S, Oki S, Motegi H, Sugiyama M, Manabe A, Shimizu A, Nishioka K, Hashimoto T, Hirato J, Kanemura Y, Fujimura M. Slow-growing WNT medulloblastoma with atypical magnetic resonance imaging findings: illustrative case. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. CASE LESSONS 2023; 6:CASE23277. [PMID: 37728284 PMCID: PMC10555650 DOI: 10.3171/case23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastomas, with four molecular subgroups, are generally rapid-growing tumors with significant contrast enhancement and well-defined margins. However, each subgroup's clinical features, including disease time course and imaging characteristics, are not well defined. OBSERVATIONS The authors describe the case of a 15-year-old female who presented with a 7-month history of impaired left-hand movement and was found to have a lesion on the dorsal side of the fourth ventricle. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the patient's first presentation showed diffuse hyperintense signal without apparent mass, and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted imaging showed very slight contrast enhancement. In 1 month, her symptoms progressed, and follow-up MRI revealed an increase in the size of the lesion, showing greater diffusion restriction and contrast enhancement. She underwent gross-total resection, and pathology was consistent with classic medulloblastoma. Genetic analysis of the tumor confirmed the wingless (WNT) molecular subgroup. Adjuvant chemotherapy and proton beam therapy were performed. At the 18-month follow-up, MRI showed no recurrence of disease. LESSONS Slow-growing medulloblastoma is very rare and not known to be associated with a specific molecular subgroup. Here, the authors report a case of slow-growing WNT medulloblastoma, indicating that slow growth may be a feature of this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mizushima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michinari Okamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sogo Oki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Motegi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Minako Sugiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ai Shimizu
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nishioka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hashimoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junko Hirato
- Department of Pathology, Public Tomioka General Hospital, Gunma, Japan; and
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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46
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Hartley R, Phoenix TN. MYC Promotes Aggressive Growth and Metastasis of a WNT-Medulloblastoma Mouse Model. Dev Neurosci 2023; 46:167-178. [PMID: 37544301 DOI: 10.1159/000533270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, comprises four molecularly and clinically distinct subgroups (termed WNT, SHH, group 3, and group 4). Prognosis varies based on genetic and pathological features associated with each molecular subgroup. WNT-MB, considered low-risk, is rarely metastatic and contains activating mutations in CTNNB1; group 3-MB (GRP3-MB), commonly classified as high-risk, is frequently metastatic and can contain genomic alterations, resulting in elevated MYC expression. Here, we compare model systems of low-risk WNT-MB and high-risk GRP3-MB to identify tumor and microenvironment interactions that could contribute to features associated with prognosis. Compared to GRP3-MB, we find that WNT-MB is enriched in gene sets related to extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation and cellular adhesion. Exogenous expression of MycT58A in a murine WNT-MB model significantly accelerates growth and results in metastatic disease. In addition to decreased ECM regulation and cell adhesion pathways, we also identified immune system interactions among the top downregulated signaling pathways following MycT58A expression. Taken together, our data provide evidence that increased Myc signaling can promote the growth and metastasis in a murine model of WNT-MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hartley
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy N Phoenix
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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47
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Perillo T, de Giorgi M, Papace UM, Serino A, Cuocolo R, Manto A. Current role of machine learning and radiogenomics in precision neuro-oncology. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:545-555. [PMID: 37720347 PMCID: PMC10501892 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly used to create tools that can enhance workflow in medicine. In particular, neuro-oncology has benefited from the use of AI and especially machine learning (ML) and radiogenomics, which are subfields of AI. ML can be used to develop algorithms that dynamically learn from available medical data in order to automatically do specific tasks. On the other hand, radiogenomics can identify relationships between tumor genetics and imaging features, thus possibly giving new insights into the pathophysiology of tumors. Therefore, ML and radiogenomics could help treatment tailoring, which is crucial in personalized neuro-oncology. The aim of this review is to illustrate current and possible future applications of ML and radiomics in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Perillo
- Department of Neuroradiology, “Umberto I” Hospital, 84014 Norcera Inferiore, Italy
| | - Marco de Giorgi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Maria Papace
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Serino
- Department of Neuroradiology, “Umberto I” Hospital, 84014 Norcera Inferiore, Italy
| | - Renato Cuocolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Manto
- Department of Neuroradiology, “Umberto I” Hospital, 84014 Norcera Inferiore, Italy
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Navickas SM, Giles KA, Brettingham-Moore KH, Taberlay PC. The role of chromatin remodeler SMARCA4/BRG1 in brain cancers: a potential therapeutic target. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02773-9. [PMID: 37433987 PMCID: PMC10374441 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin remodeler SMARCA4/BRG1 is a key epigenetic regulator with diverse roles in coordinating the molecular programs that underlie brain tumour development. BRG1 function in brain cancer is largely specific to the tumour type and varies further between tumour subtypes, highlighting its complexity. Altered SMARCA4 expression has been linked to medulloblastoma, low-grade gliomas such as oligodendroglioma, high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma and atypical/teratoid rhabdoid tumours. SMARCA4 mutations in brain cancer predominantly occur in the crucial catalytic ATPase domain, which is associated with tumour suppressor activity. However, SMARCA4 is opposingly seen to promote tumourigenesis in the absence of mutation and through overexpression in other brain tumours. This review explores the multifaceted interaction between SMARCA4 and various brain cancer types, highlighting its roles in tumour pathogenesis, the pathways it regulates, and the advances that have been made in understanding the functional relevance of mutations. We discuss developments made in targeting SMARCA4 and the potential to translate these to adjuvant therapies able to enhance current methods of brain cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Navickas
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Katherine A Giles
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kate H Brettingham-Moore
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Phillippa C Taberlay
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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49
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Adile AA, Bakhshinyan D, Suk Y, Uehling D, Saini M, Aman A, Magolan J, Subapanditha MK, McKenna D, Chokshi C, Savage N, Kameda-Smith MM, Venugopal C, Singh SK. An effective kinase inhibition strategy for metastatic recurrent childhood medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:635-645. [PMID: 37354357 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastomas (MBs) constitute the most common malignant brain tumor in children and adolescents. MYC-amplified Group 3 MBs are characterized by disease recurrence, specifically in the leptomeninges, whereby patients with these metastatic tumors have a mortality rate nearing 100%. Despite limited research on such tumors, studies on MB metastases at diagnosis suggest targeting kinases to be beneficial. METHODS To identify kinase inhibitors that eradicate cells driving therapy evasion and tumor dissemination, we utilized our established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse-adapted therapy platform that models human MB metastatic recurrences following standard chemoradiotherapy. High-throughput screens of 640 kinase inhibitors were conducted against cells isolated from mouse spines in the PDX model and human fetal neural stem cells to reveal compounds that targeted these treatment-refractory, metastatic cells, whilst sparing healthy cells. Blood-brain barrier permeability assays and additional in vitro experimentation helped select top candidates for in vivo studies. RESULTS Recurrent Group 3 MB PDX spine cells were therapeutically vulnerable to a selective checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor and small molecular inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). Inhibitor-treated cells showed a significant reduction in MB stem cell properties associated with treatment failure. Mice also demonstrated survival advantage when treated with a CHK1 inhibitor ex vivo. CONCLUSION We identified CHK1 and PDGFRβ inhibitors that effectively target MB cells fueling treatment-refractory metastases. With limited research on effective therapies for Group 3 MB metastatic recurrences, this work highlights promising therapeutic options to treat these aggressive tumors. Additional studies are warranted to investigate these inhibitors' mechanisms and recommended in vivo administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Adile
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - David Uehling
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Mehakpreet Saini
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jakob Magolan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Minomi K Subapanditha
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michelle M Kameda-Smith
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Human Cancer Stem Cell Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Neurosurgey, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Zhao Y, He S, Huang J, Liu M. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Muscle pH in Texel Sheep × Altay Sheep F 2 Resource Population. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2162. [PMID: 37443959 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
pH was one of the important meat quality traits, which was an important factor affecting the storage/shelf life and quality of meat in meat production. In order to find a way to extend the storage/shelf life, the pH values (pH45min, pH24h, pH48h and pH72h) of the longissimus dorsi muscles in F2 individuals of 462 Texel sheep × Altay sheep were determined, genotyping was performed using Illumina Ovine SNP 600 K BeadChip and whole genome resequencing technology, a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was used to screen the candidate genes and molecular markers for pH values related to the quality traits of mutton, and the effects of population stratification were detected by Q-Q plots. The results showed that the pH population stratification analysis did not find significant systemic bias, and there was no obvious population stratification effect. The results of the association analysis showed that 28 SNPs significantly associated with pH reached the level of genomic significance. The candidate gene associated with pH45min was identified as the CCDC92 gene by gene annotation and a search of the literature. Candidate genes related to pH24h were KDM4C, TGFB2 and GOT2 genes. The candidate genes related to pH48h were MMP12 and MMP13 genes. The candidate genes related to pH72h were HILPDA and FAT1 genes. Further bioinformatics analyses showed 24 gene ontology terms and five signaling pathways that were significantly enriched (p ≤ 0.05). Many terms and pathways were related to cellular components, processes of protein modification, the activity of protein dimerization and hydrolase activity. These identified SNPs and genes could provide useful information about meat and the storage/shelf life of meat, thereby extending the storage/shelf life and quality of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Changji 831100, China
| | - Sangang He
- Biotechnology Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
| | | | - Mingjun Liu
- Biotechnology Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
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