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Ampudia-Mesias E, Cameron CS, Yoo E, Kelly M, Anderson SM, Manning R, Abrahante Lloréns JE, Moertel CL, Yim H, Odde DJ, Saydam N, Saydam O. The OTX2 Gene Induces Tumor Growth and Triggers Leptomeningeal Metastasis by Regulating the mTORC2 Signaling Pathway in Group 3 Medulloblastomas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4416. [PMID: 38674001 PMCID: PMC11050316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) encompasses diverse subgroups, and leptomeningeal disease/metastasis (LMD) plays a substantial role in associated fatalities. Despite extensive exploration of canonical genes in MB, the molecular mechanisms underlying LMD and the involvement of the orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) gene, a key driver in aggressive MB Group 3, remain insufficiently understood. Recognizing OTX2's pivotal role, we investigated its potential as a catalyst for aggressive cellular behaviors, including migration, invasion, and metastasis. OTX2 overexpression heightened cell growth, motility, and polarization in Group 3 MB cells. Orthotopic implantation of OTX2-overexpressing cells in mice led to reduced median survival, accompanied by the development of spinal cord and brain metastases. Mechanistically, OTX2 acted as a transcriptional activator of the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) gene's promoter and the mTORC2 signaling pathway, correlating with upregulated downstream genes that orchestrate cell motility and migration. Knockdown of mTOR mRNA mitigated OTX2-mediated enhancements in cell motility and polarization. Analysis of human MB tumor samples (N = 952) revealed a positive correlation between OTX2 and mTOR mRNA expression, emphasizing the clinical significance of OTX2's role in the mTORC2 pathway. Our results reveal that OTX2 governs the mTORC2 signaling pathway, instigating LMD in Group 3 MBs and offering insights into potential therapeutic avenues through mTORC2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Ampudia-Mesias
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Charles S. Cameron
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Eunjae Yoo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Marcus Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.K.); (S.M.A.); (R.M.); (D.J.O.)
| | - Sarah M. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.K.); (S.M.A.); (R.M.); (D.J.O.)
| | - Riley Manning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.K.); (S.M.A.); (R.M.); (D.J.O.)
| | | | - Christopher L. Moertel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.K.); (S.M.A.); (R.M.); (D.J.O.)
| | | | - Okay Saydam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.S.C.); or (E.Y.); (C.L.M.)
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Mut M, Adiguzel Z, Cakir-Aktas C, Hanalioğlu Ş, Gungor-Topcu G, Kiyga E, Isikay I, Sarac A, Soylemezoglu F, Strobel T, Ampudia-Mesias E, Cameron C, Aslan T, Tekirdas E, Hayran M, Oguz KK, Henzler C, Saydam N, Saydam O. Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Cancer Panels Diagnose Glioblastomas with High Sensitivity and Specificity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3782. [PMID: 37568598 PMCID: PMC10417317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most devastating neoplasms of the central nervous system. This study focused on the development of serum extracellular vesicle (EV)-based glioblastoma tumor marker panels that can be used in a clinic to diagnose glioblastomas and to monitor tumor burden, progression, and regression in response to treatment. RNA sequencing studies were performed using RNA isolated from serum EVs from both patients (n = 85) and control donors (n = 31). RNA sequencing results for preoperative glioblastoma EVs compared to control EVs revealed 569 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 2XFC, FDR < 0.05). By using these DEGs, we developed serum-EV-based biomarker panels for the following glioblastomas: wild-type IDH1 (96% sensitivity/80% specificity), MGMT promoter methylation (91% sensitivity/73% specificity), p53 gene mutation (100% sensitivity/89% specificity), and TERT promoter mutation (89% sensitivity/100% specificity). This is the first study showing that serum-EV-based biomarker panels can be used to diagnose glioblastomas with a high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Mut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Zelal Adiguzel
- TUBİTAK, GEBI, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (Z.A.); (G.G.-T.); (E.K.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine KUTTAM, Koç University, Davutpaşa Street No. 4 Topkapi, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Canan Cakir-Aktas
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Şahin Hanalioğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Gamze Gungor-Topcu
- TUBİTAK, GEBI, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (Z.A.); (G.G.-T.); (E.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Ezgi Kiyga
- TUBİTAK, GEBI, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (Z.A.); (G.G.-T.); (E.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Ilkay Isikay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Aydan Sarac
- TUBİTAK, GEBI, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (Z.A.); (G.G.-T.); (E.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Figen Soylemezoglu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Thomas Strobel
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Elisabet Ampudia-Mesias
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Charles Cameron
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Tulay Aslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Eray Tekirdas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Mutlu Hayran
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Kader Karli Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Christine Henzler
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | | | - Okay Saydam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.C.)
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Saydam O, Ozgen Saydam B, Adiyaman SC, Sonmez Ince M, Eren MA, Keskin FE, Bilen H, Dagdeviren M, Kaya S, Akinci G, Balci A, Altay C, Bayraktar F, Oral EA, Akinci B. Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers in metreleptin naïve patients with lipodystrophy. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 7:18. [PMID: 34593051 PMCID: PMC8485489 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-021-00132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Patients with lipodystrophy are at high risk for chronic complications of diabetes. Recently, we have reported 18 diabetic foot ulcer episodes in 9 subjects with lipodystrophy. This current study aims to determine risk factors associated with foot ulcer development in this rare disease population. METHODS Ninety metreleptin naïve patients with diabetes registered in our national lipodystrophy database were included in this observational retrospective cohort study (9 with and 81 without foot ulcers). RESULTS Patients with lipodystrophy developing foot ulcers had longer diabetes duration (p = 0.007), longer time since lipodystrophy diagnosis (p = 0.008), and higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.041). Insulin use was more prevalent (p = 0.003). The time from diagnosis of diabetes to first foot ulcer was shorter for patients with generalized lipodystrophy compared to partial lipodystrophy (p = 0.036). Retinopathy (p < 0.001), neuropathy (p < 0.001), peripheral artery disease (p = 0.001), and kidney failure (p = 0.003) were more commonly detected in patients with foot ulcers. Patients with foot ulcers tended to have lower leptin levels (p = 0.052). Multiple logistic regression estimated significant associations between foot ulcers and generalized lipodystrophy (OR: 40.81, 95% CI: 3.31-503.93, p = 0.004), long-term diabetes (≥ 15 years; OR: 27.07, 95% CI: 2.97-246.39, p = 0.003), and decreased eGFR (OR: 13.35, 95% CI: 1.96-90.67, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Our study identified several clinical factors associated with foot ulceration among patients with lipodystrophy and diabetes. Preventive measures and effective treatment of metabolic consequences of lipodystrophy are essential to prevent the occurrence of foot ulcers in these high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Saydam
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - B Ozgen Saydam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S C Adiyaman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Sonmez Ince
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Royal Oak Hospital, MI, Royal Oak, USA
| | - M A Eren
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - F E Keskin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Demiroglu Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Bilen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ataturk University Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - M Dagdeviren
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G Akinci
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Balci
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - C Altay
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - F Bayraktar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E A Oral
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, 48105, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B Akinci
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey. .,Brehm Center for Diabetes Research and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, 48105, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Saydam O, Saydam N. Deficiency of Ku Induces Host Cell Exploitation in Human Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651818. [PMID: 33855027 PMCID: PMC8040742 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of death from cancer (Massague and Obenauf, 2016; Steeg, 2016). The extensive genetic heterogeneity and cellular plasticity of metastatic tumors set a prime barrier for the current cancer treatment protocols (Boumahdi and de Sauvage, 2020). In addition, acquired therapy resistance has become an insurmountable obstacle that abolishes the beneficial effects of numerous anti-cancer regimens (De Angelis et al., 2019; Boumahdi and de Sauvage, 2020). Here we report that deficiency of Ku leads to the exploitation of host cells in human cancer cell line models. We found that, upon conditional deletion of XRCC6 that codes for Ku70, HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells gain a parasitic lifestyle that is characterized by the continuous cycle of host cell exploitation. We also found that DAOY cells, a human medulloblastoma cell line, innately lack nuclear Ku70/Ku86 proteins and utilize the host-cell invasion/exit mechanism for maintenance of their survival, similarly to the Ku70 conditionally-null HCT116 cells. Our study demonstrates that a functional loss of Ku protein promotes an adaptive, opportunistic switch to a parasitic lifestyle in human cancer cells, providing evidence for a previously unknown mechanism of cell survival in response to severe genomic stress. We anticipate that our study will bring a new perspective for understanding the mechanisms of cancer cell evolution, leading to a shift in the current concepts of cancer therapy protocols directed to the prevention of cancer metastasis and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okay Saydam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nurten Saydam
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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5
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Erkan EP, Ströbel T, Dorfer C, Sonntagbauer M, Weinhäusel A, Saydam N, Saydam O. Circulating Tumor Biomarkers in Meningiomas Reveal a Signature of Equilibrium Between Tumor Growth and Immune Modulation. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1031. [PMID: 31649887 PMCID: PMC6795693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors that originate from the arachnoid cells of the meninges. Recurrence occurs in higher grade meningiomas and a small subset of Grade I meningiomas with benign histology. Currently, there are no established circulating tumor markers which can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in a non-invasive way for meningiomas. Here, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers of meningioma in patient sera. For this purpose, we collected preoperative (n = 30) serum samples from the meningioma patients classified as Grade I (n = 23), Grade II (n = 4), or Grade III (n = 3). We used a high-throughput, multiplex immunoassay cancer panel comprising of 92 cancer-related protein biomarkers to explore the serum protein profiles of meningioma patients. We detected 14 differentially expressed proteins in the sera of the Grade I meningioma patients in comparison to the age- and gender-matched control subjects (n = 12). Compared to the control group, Grade I meningioma patients showed increased serum levels of amphiregulin (AREG), CCL24, CD69, prolactin, EGF, HB-EGF, caspase-3, and decreased levels of VEGFD, TGF-α, E-Selectin, BAFF, IL-12, CCL9, and GH. For validation studies, we utilized an independent set of meningioma tumor tissue samples (Grade I, n = 20; Grade II, n = 10; Grade III, n = 6), and found that the expressions of amphiregulin and Caspase3 are significantly increased in all grades of meningiomas either at the transcriptional or protein level, respectively. In contrast, the gene expression of VEGF-D was significantly lower in Grade I meningioma tissue samples. Taken together, our study identifies a meningioma-specific protein signature in blood circulation of meningioma patients and highlights the importance of equilibrium between tumor-promoting factors and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdogan Pekcan Erkan
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Ströbel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Dorfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Sonntagbauer
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics Center for Health and Bioresources, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics Center for Health and Bioresources, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nurten Saydam
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Okay Saydam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Abstract
Gene therapy involves the introduction of genes (termed transgenes) into cells to compensate for a deficiency or to make a beneficial protein. Gene therapy can used as a form of cancer treatment. A particularly attractive paradigm in this regard involves the selective introduction of transgenes into cancer cells that converts inactive prodrugs into active chemotherapeutic agents, thereby triggering the death of cancer cells. Since prodrugs are inactive, they tend not to cause significant side-effects and are well-tolerated by patients relative to conventional chemotherapy. Several viral and nonviral vectors have been used as delivery tools for suicide gene therapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now recognized as a promising class of nonviral delivery vectors. Here, we describe a method in which a suicide fusion gene construct is loaded into EVs derived from a non-tumorigenic cell line. Delivery of these modified EVs to glioblastoma cell lines and spheroids decreases glioblastoma cell viability, induces apoptotic cell death, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdogan Pekcan Erkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nurten Saydam
- Department of Neurosurgery and School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Okay Saydam
- Department of Neurosurgery and School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Senfter D, Erkan EP, Özer E, Jungwirth G, Madlener S, Kool M, Ströbel T, Saydam N, Saydam O. Overexpression of minichromosome maintenance protein 10 in medulloblastoma and its clinical implications. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 28598542 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins 2, 3, and 7 is associated with migration and invasion in medulloblastoma (MB). However, expression profiling of all prereplication complex (pre-RC) has not been addressed in MBs. PROCEDURE We performed mRNA expression profiling of a large set of pre-RC elements in cell lines and tumor tissues of MB. RNAi technology was employed for functional studies in MB cell lines. RESULTS Our data showed that most of the pre-RC components are significantly overexpressed in MB. Among all pre-RC mRNAs, MCM10 showed the highest level of expression (∼500- to 1,000-fold) in MB cell lines and tissues compared to the levels detected in cerebellum. In addition, RNAi silencing of MCM10 caused reduced cell proliferation and cell viability in MB cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study reveals that the pre-RC is dysregulated in MB. In addition, MCM10, a member of this complex, is significantly overexpressed in MB and is required for tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Senfter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erdogan Pekcan Erkan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erdener Özer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gerhard Jungwirth
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Germany
| | - Thomas Ströbel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nurten Saydam
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Okay Saydam
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Kutluk AC, Kocaturk CI, Akin H, Erdogan S, Bılen S, Saydam O, Karapınar K, Sezen CB. P-140WHICH IS THE BEST MINIMAL INVASIVE APPROACH FOR THE TREATMENT OF SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX? UNIPORT, TWO OR THREE PORTS: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx280.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Ströbel T, Madlener S, Tuna S, Vose S, Lagerweij T, Wurdinger T, Vierlinger K, Wöhrer A, Price BD, Demple B, Saydam O, Saydam N. Ape1 guides DNA repair pathway choice that is associated with drug tolerance in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9674. [PMID: 28852018 PMCID: PMC5574897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ape1 is the major apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activity in mammalian cells, and a key factor in base-excision repair of DNA. High expression or aberrant subcellular distribution of Ape1 has been detected in many cancer types, correlated with drug response, tumor prognosis, or patient survival. Here we present evidence that Ape1 facilitates BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination repair (HR), while counteracting error-prone non-homologous end joining of DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, Ape1, coordinated with checkpoint kinase Chk2, regulates drug response of glioblastoma cells. Suppression of Ape1/Chk2 signaling in glioblastoma cells facilitates alternative means of damage site recruitment of HR proteins as part of a genomic defense system. Through targeting "HR-addicted" temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells via a chemical inhibitor of Rad51, we demonstrated that targeting HR is a promising strategy for glioblastoma therapy. Our study uncovers a critical role for Ape1 in DNA repair pathway choice, and provides a mechanistic understanding of DNA repair-supported chemoresistance in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ströbel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Serkan Tuna
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Vose
- Vermont Department of Public Health, 108 Cherry St., Burlington, VT, 05402, USA
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Wöhrer
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brendan D Price
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Genomic Instability and DNA Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA
| | - Okay Saydam
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Nurten Saydam
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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Erkan EP, Senfter D, Madlener S, Jungwirth G, Ströbel T, Saydam N, Saydam O. Extracellular vesicle-mediated suicide mRNA/protein delivery inhibits glioblastoma tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 24:38-44. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Erkan EP, Saydam O. Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Delivery Tools for Cancer Treatment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2016; 16:34-42. [PMID: 26412464 DOI: 10.2174/1568009615666150923115439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are different types of membrane-derived vesicles that originate from the endosomal pathway or the plasma membrane. These vesicles are used as "carriers" in intercellular communication, and are responsible for the transfer of biological cargo (lipids, proteins, RNA species, and DNA) between different cells. Despite the shortcomings in our knowledge of EV biology, attempts to employ EVs as natural delivery tools for therapeutic purposes have been partly successful in different settings. In this review, we highlight this unique potential of EVs, and discuss previous examples and future scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okay Saydam
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Harmati M, Tarnai Z, Decsi G, Kormondi S, Szegletes Z, Janovak L, Dekany I, Saydam O, Gyukity-Sebestyen E, Dobra G, Nagy I, Nagy K, Buzas K. Stressors alter intercellular communication and exosome profile of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:259-266. [PMID: 27598726 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancers comprise the sixth most common cancer type worldwide. One of the most remarkable malignancies of the head and neck is the cancer of the nasopharynx, with a strong metastatic tendency already in the early stage. Besides the conventional pathways of metastasis formation, the information content of exosomes produced by the cancer cells may play a key role in metastatic transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate how stressors alter the characteristic of tumor derived exosomes. METHODS In our experimental model, we compared the quantity and content of exosomes produced by a nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (5-8F) under conventional (chemotherapy) and alternative (Ag-TiO2 -catalyzed reactive oxygen species generation) cytostatic treatment. After isolation, exosomes were identified by atomic force microscopy and quantified with Nanosight NS500 device. MicroRNA content of them was analyzed using SOLiD 5500xl technology. The sequences were annotated in CLC Genomics Workbench version 5.5.1. RESULTS Beyond the classic chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin), Ag-TiO2 in a photo-catalytic process also showed cytostatic activity. Tumor cell damage induced by the cytostatic treatments significantly altered the number of released exosomes and led to the predominance of tumor suppressors in the exosomal miRNA profile. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the intercellular communication between tumor cells and surrounding stroma cells can be altered by microenvironment which increased quantity of exosomes and diversity of miRNAs in this study. Imbalance of oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs caused by cytostatic treatments may influence the antiproliferative and metastasis inhibitory effect of cytostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Harmati
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Tarnai
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabor Decsi
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sandor Kormondi
- Department of Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szegletes
- Biological Application of the Atomic Force Microscope Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Janovak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Dekany
- MTA-SZTE Supramolecular and Nanostructured Materials Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Okay Saydam
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edina Gyukity-Sebestyen
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Dobra
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Sequencing Platform, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Nagy
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Buzas
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Erkan EP, Ströbel T, Lewandrowski G, Tannous B, Madlener S, Czech T, Saydam N, Saydam O. Depletion of minichromosome maintenance protein 7 inhibits glioblastoma multiforme tumor growth in vivo. Oncogene 2013; 33:4778-85. [PMID: 24166506 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are key elements that function as a part of the pre-replication complex to initiate DNA replication in eukaryotes. Consistent with their roles in initiating DNA replication, overexpression of MCM family members has been observed in several malignancies. Through bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas's data on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), we found that the genomic region containing MCM7 gene was amplified in more than 80% of the present cases. To validate this finding and to identify the possible contribution of the remaining members of the MCM family to GBM progression, we used quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the gene expression profiles of all MCM family members in Grade IV (GBM) tissue samples and observed a significant upregulation in GBM samples compared with normal white matter tissues. In addition, we compared the observed gene expression profiles with those of Grade II and Grade III astrocytoma samples and determined that the observed upregulation was restricted and specific to Grade IV. MCM7 was the most upregulated gene in the gene set we analyzed, and therefore we wanted to identify the role of MCM7 in GBM progression. We determined that siRNA-mediated knockdown of MCM7 expression reduced GBM cell proliferation and also inhibited tumor growth in both xenograft and orthotopic mouse models of GBM. Taken together, our data suggest that MCM7 can be a potential prognostic marker and a novel therapeutic target in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Erkan
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Ströbel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Lewandrowski
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Madlener
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Czech
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Saydam
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - O Saydam
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Saydam O, Glauser DL, Fraefel C. Construction and packaging of herpes simplex virus/adeno-associated virus (HSV/AAV) Hybrid amplicon vectors. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2012; 2012:352-6. [PMID: 22383640 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot068114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based amplicon vectors conserve most properties of the parental virus: broad host range, the ability to transduce dividing and nondiving cells, and a large transgene capacity. This permits incorporation of genomic sequences as well as cDNA, large transcriptional regulatory sequences for cell-specific expression, multiple transgene cassettes, or genetic elements from other viruses. Hybrid vectors use elements from HSV-1 that allow replication and packaging of large-vector DNA into highly infectious particles, and elements from other viruses that confer genetic stability to vector DNA in the transduced cell. For example, adeno-associated virus (AAV) has the unique ability to integrate its genome into a specific site on human chromosome 19. The viral rep gene and the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) that flank the AAV genome are sufficient for this process. However, AAV-based vectors have a very small transgene capacity and do not conventionally contain the rep gene to support site-specific genomic integration. HSV/AAV hybrid vectors contain both HSV-1 replication and packaging functions and the AAV rep gene and a transgene cassette flanked by the AAV ITRs. This combines the large transgene capacity of HSV-1 with the capability of site-specific genomic transgene integration and long-term transgene expression of AAV. This protocol describes the preparation of HSV/AAV hybrid vectors using a replication-competent/conditional, packaging-defective HSV-1 genome cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) to provide helper functions for vector replication and packaging. The advantages and limitations of such vectors compared to standard HSV-1 amplicon vectors are also discussed.
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Bolukbasi MF, Mizrak A, Ozdener GB, Madlener S, Ströbel T, Erkan EP, Fan JB, Breakefield XO, Saydam O. miR-1289 and "Zipcode"-like Sequence Enrich mRNAs in Microvesicles. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2012; 1:e10. [PMID: 23344721 PMCID: PMC3381601 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2011.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive studies, the molecular mechanisms by which the genetic materials are uploaded into microvesicles (MVs) are still unknown. This is the first study describing a zipcode-like 25 nucleotide (nt) sequence in the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of mRNAs, with variants of this sequence present in many mRNAs enriched in MVs, as compared to their glioblastoma cells of origin. When this sequence was incorporated into the 3′UTR of a reporter message and expressed in a different cell type, it led to enrichment of the reporter mRNA in MVs. Critical features of this sequence are both a CUGCC core presented on a stem-loop structure and a miRNA-binding site, with increased levels of the corresponding miRNA in cells further increasing levels of mRNAs in MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Bolukbasi
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Saydam O, Senol O, Würdinger T, Mizrak A, Ozdener GB, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Yi M, Stephens RM, Krichevsky AM, Saydam N, Brenner GJ, Breakefield XO. miRNA-7 attenuation in Schwannoma tumors stimulates growth by upregulating three oncogenic signaling pathways. Cancer Res 2010; 71:852-61. [PMID: 21156648 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNA) negatively regulate protein-coding genes at the posttranscriptional level and are critical in tumorigenesis. Schwannomas develop from proliferation of dedifferentiated Schwann cells, which normally wrap nerve fibers to help support and insulate nerves. In this study, we carried out high-throughput miRNA expression profiling of human vestibular schwannomas by using an array representing 407 known miRNAs to explore the role of miRNAs in tumor growth. Twelve miRNAs were found to be significantly deregulated in tumor samples as compared with control nerve tissue, defining a schwannoma-typical signature. Among these miRNAs, we focused on miR-7, which was one of the most downregulated in these tumors and has several known oncogene targets, including mRNAs for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1). We found that overexpression of miR-7 inhibited schwannoma cell growth both in culture and in xenograft tumor models in vivo, which correlated with downregulation of these signaling pathways. Furthermore, we identified a novel direct target of miR-7, the mRNA for associated cdc42 kinase 1 (Ack1), with the expression levels of miR-7 and Ack1 being inversely correlated in human schwannoma samples. These results represent the first miRNA profiling of schwannomas and the first report of a tumor suppressor function for miR-7 in these tumors that is mediated by targeting the EGFR, Pak1, and Ack1 oncogenes. Our findings suggest miR-7 as a potential therapeutic molecule for schwannoma treatment, and they prompt clinical evaluation of drugs that can inhibit the EGFR, Pak1, and Ack1 signaling pathways to treat this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okay Saydam
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Saydam O, Ozdener GB, Senol O, Mizrak A, Prabhakar S, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Breakefield XO, Brenner GJ. A novel imaging-compatible sciatic nerve schwannoma model. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 195:75-7. [PMID: 21111000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Benign schwannomas are common tumors of the cranial and peripheral nerves, causing pain and loss of function. The development of effective therapy for these tumors has been hampered by the lack of relevant experimental in vivo models for convenient testing. Here, we describe a novel schwannoma model in which an immortalized human schwannoma cell line, HEI-193, established from an neurofibromatosis type 2 patient, has been stably transduced with fluorescent protein and luciferase reporters and implanted within the sciatic nerve of nude mice. These cells reliably formed a tumor within several weeks which had pathologic characteristics of schwannoma tumors. This model system will be useful for investigation of schwannoma biology and for preclinical assessment of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okay Saydam
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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18
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Saydam O, Senol O, Schaaij-Visser TBM, Pham TV, Piersma SR, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Wurdinger T, Peerdeman SM, Jimenez CR. Comparative protein profiling reveals minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins as novel potential tumor markers for meningiomas. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:485-94. [PMID: 19877719 DOI: 10.1021/pr900834h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are among the most frequent tumors of the brain and spinal cord accounting for 15-20% of all central nervous system tumors and frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 2. In this study, we aimed to unravel molecular meningioma tumorigenesis and discover novel protein biomarkers for diagnostic and/or prognostic purposes and performed in-depth proteomic profiling of meningioma cells compared to human primary arachnoidal cells. We isolated proteins from meningioma cell line SF4433 and human primary arachnoidal cells and analyzed the protein profiles by Gel-nanoLC-MS/MS in conjunction with protein identification and quantification by shotgun nanoLC tandem mass spectrometry and spectral counting. Differential analysis of meningiomas revealed changes in the expression levels of 281 proteins (P < 0.01) associated with various biological functions such as DNA replication, recombination, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Among several interesting proteins, we focused on a subset of the highly significantly up-regulated proteins, the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family. We performed subsequent validation studies by qRT-PCR in human meningioma tissue samples (WHO grade I, 14 samples; WHO grade II, 7 samples; and WHO grade III, 7 samples) compared to arachnoidal tissue controls (from fresh autopsies; 3 samples) and found that MCMs are highly and significantly up-regulated in human meningioma tumor samples compared to arachnoidal tissue controls. We found a significant increase in MCM2 (8 fold), MCM3 (5 fold), MCM4 (4 fold), MCM5 (4 fold), MCM6 (3 fold), and MCM7 (5 fold) expressions in meningiomas. This study suggests that MCM family proteins are up-regulated in meningiomas and can be used as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okay Saydam
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA.
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19
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Saydam O, Shen Y, Würdinger T, Senol O, Boke E, James MF, Tannous BA, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Yi M, Stephens RM, Fraefel C, Gusella JF, Krichevsky AM, Breakefield XO. Downregulated microRNA-200a in meningiomas promotes tumor growth by reducing E-cadherin and activating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:5923-40. [PMID: 19703993 PMCID: PMC2772747 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00332-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas, one of the most common human brain tumors, are derived from arachnoidal cells associated with brain meninges, are usually benign, and are frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 2. Here, we define a typical human meningioma microRNA (miRNA) profile and characterize the effects of one downregulated miRNA, miR-200a, on tumor growth. Elevated levels of miR-200a inhibited meningioma cell growth in culture and in a tumor model in vivo. Upregulation of miR-200a decreased the expression of transcription factors ZEB1 and SIP1, with consequent increased expression of E-cadherin, an adhesion protein associated with cell differentiation. Downregulation of miR-200a in meningiomas and arachnoidal cells resulted in increased expression of beta-catenin and cyclin D1 involved in cell proliferation. miR-200a was found to directly target beta-catenin mRNA, thereby inhibiting its translation and blocking Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, which is frequently involved in cancer. A direct correlation was found between the downregulation of miR-200a and the upregulation of beta-catenin in human meningioma samples. Thus, miR-200a appears to act as a multifunctional tumor suppressor miRNA in meningiomas through effects on the E-cadherin and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways. This reveals a previously unrecognized signaling cascade involved in meningioma tumor development and highlights a novel molecular interaction between miR-200a and Wnt signaling, thereby providing insights into novel therapies for meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okay Saydam
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Yiping Shen
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Thomas Würdinger
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ozlem Senol
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Elvan Boke
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Marianne F. James
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Anat O. Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ming Yi
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Robert M. Stephens
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - James F. Gusella
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Anna M. Krichevsky
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Xandra O. Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 21702, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School-East, 13th Street, Building 149, Charlestown, MA 02129. Phone: (617) 726-5728. Fax: (617) 724-1537. E-mail:
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Tannous BA, Christensen AP, Pike L, Wurdinger T, Perry KF, Saydam O, Jacobs AH, García-Añoveros J, Weissleder R, Sena-Esteves M, Corey DP, Breakefield XO. Mutant sodium channel for tumor therapy. Mol Ther 2009; 17:810-9. [PMID: 19259066 PMCID: PMC2751883 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors have been used to deliver a wide range of therapeutic genes to tumors. In this study, a novel tumor therapy was achieved by the delivery of a mammalian brain sodium channel, ASIC2a, carrying a mutation that renders it constitutively open. This channel was delivered to tumor cells using a herpes simplex virus-1/Epstein-Barr virus (HSV/EBV) hybrid amplicon vector in which gene expression was controlled by a tetracycline regulatory system (tet-on) with silencer elements. Upon infection and doxycycline induction of mutant channel expression in tumor cells, the open channel led to amiloride-sensitive sodium influx as assessed by patch clamp recording and sodium imaging in culture. Within hours, tumor cells swelled and died. In addition to cells expressing the mutant channel, adjacent, noninfected cells connected by gap junctions also died. Intratumoral injection of HSV/EBV amplicon vector encoding the mutant sodium channel and systemic administration of doxycycline led to regression of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice as assessed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. The advantage of this direct mode of tumor therapy is that all types of tumor cells become susceptible and death is rapid with no time for the tumor cells to become resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhos A Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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21
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Würdinger T, Tannous BA, Saydam O, Skog J, Grau S, Soutschek J, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO, Krichevsky AM. miR-296 regulates growth factor receptor overexpression in angiogenic endothelial cells. Cancer Cell 2008; 14:382-93. [PMID: 18977327 PMCID: PMC2597164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A key step in angiogenesis is the upregulation of growth factor receptors on endothelial cells. Here, we demonstrate that a small regulatory microRNA, miR-296, has a major role in this process. Glioma cells and angiogenic growth factors elevate the level of miR-296 in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells in culture. The miR-296 level is also elevated in primary tumor endothelial cells isolated from human brain tumors compared to normal brain endothelial cells. Growth factor-induced miR-296 contributes significantly to angiogenesis by directly targeting the hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS) mRNA, leading to decreased levels of HGS and thereby reducing HGS-mediated degradation of the growth factor receptors VEGFR2 and PDGFRbeta. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-296 with antagomirs reduces angiogenesis in tumor xenografts in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Brain Neoplasms/blood supply
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/therapy
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Glioma/blood supply
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/therapy
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Oligonucleotides/pharmacology
- Phosphoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Umbilical Veins/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Würdinger
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Neuro-oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Okay Saydam
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johan Skog
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephan Grau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xandra O. Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Xandra O. Breakefield, Ph.D., Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, 13th Street, Building 149, Charlestown, MA, 02129 USA, Phone 617-726-5728, Fax 617-724-1537, E-mail:
| | - Anna M. Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Cortés ML, Oehmig A, Saydam O, Sanford JD, Perry KF, Fraefel C, Breakefield XO. Targeted integration of functional human ATM cDNA into genome mediated by HSV/AAV hybrid amplicon vector. Mol Ther 2007; 16:81-8. [PMID: 17998902 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition, genome instability, and sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). We have previously shown that a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) amplicon vector carrying the human ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) complementary DNA (cDNA) is able to correct aspects of the cellular phenotype of human A-T cells in culture, and is also able to transfer the ATM cDNA to the Atm(-/-) mouse cerebellum. In order to achieve stable gene replacement, we have generated an HSV/adeno-associated virus (AAV) hybrid amplicon vector carrying the expression cassettes for the ATM cDNA [(9.2 kilobases (kb)] and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), flanked by AAV inverted terminal repeats (ITRs). This hybrid vector, in the presence of AAV Rep proteins, mediates site-specific integration into the AAVS1 site on chromosome 19 in human cells and in Atm(-/-) mice carrying that human locus. The functional activity of the vector-derived ATM was confirmed in vitro and in vivo by ATM autophosphorylation at Ser-1981 after IR. This proof-of-principle study establishes the ability of HSV/AAV hybrid amplicon vectors to mediate functional targeted integration of the ATM cDNA into A-T cells in culture and in Atm(-/-) mice in vivo, thus laying a foundation for possible gene therapy approaches in the treatment of A-T patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Cortés
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Abstract
Chimeric or hybrid herpes simplex virus type 1/adeno-associated virus amplicon vectors combine the large transgene capacity of HSV-1 with the potential for site-specific genomic integration and stable transgene expression of AAV. These chimeric vectors have been demonstrated to support transgene expression for significantly longer periods than standard HSV-1 amplicons. Moreover, HSV/AAV hybrid vectors can mediate integration at the AAVS1 pre-integration site on human chromosome 19 at a relatively high rate, although random integration has also been observed. One major remaining hurdle of HSV/AAV hybrid vectors is the low packaging efficiency and titers when AAV rep sequences are included in the amplicon vector. In the conditions prevalent during the replication/packaging of HSV/AAV hybrid amplicons into HSV-1 virions, in particular the presence of HSV-1 replication factors and AAV Rep protein, at least three different viral origins of DNA replication are active: the HSV-1 ori, the AAV inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), and the p5 promoter/ori driving expression of the AAV rep gene. A detailed understanding of the properties of these origins of DNA replication and the molecular mechanisms of interactions between them, may allow designing novel hybrid vectors that allow the efficient and precise integration of large transgenes in the human genome.
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24
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Saydam O, Saydam N, Glauser DL, Pruschy M, Dinh-Van V, Hilbe M, Jacobs AH, Ackermann M, Fraefel C. HSV-1 amplicon-mediated post-transcriptional inhibition of Rad51 sensitizes human glioma cells to ionizing radiation. Gene Ther 2007; 14:1143-51. [PMID: 17495946 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment for glioblastoma multiforme and other brain tumors consists of surgical resection followed by combined radio-/chemotherapy. However, radiation resistance of tumor cells limits the success of this treatment, and the tumors invariably recur. Therefore, the selective inhibition of molecular mediators of radiation resistance may provide therapeutic benefit to the patient. One of these targets is the Rad51 protein, which is a key component of the homologous recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Here, we investigated whether post-transcriptional silencing of Rad51 by herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) amplicon vector-mediated short interfering RNA expression can enhance the antitumor effect of radiation therapy. We demonstrate that these vectors specifically and efficiently inhibited the radiation-induced recruitment of Rad51 into nuclear foci in human glioma cells. The combination of vector-mediated silencing of Rad51 expression and treatment with ionizing radiation resulted in a pronounced reduction of the survival of human glioma cells in culture. In athymyc mice, a single intratumoral injection of Rad51-specific HSV-1 amplicon vector followed by a single radiation treatment resulted in a significant decrease in tumor size. In control animals, including mice that received an intratumoral injection of Rad51-specific amplicon vector but no radiation treatment, the tumor sizes increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Saydam
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Glauser DL, Strasser R, Laimbacher AS, Saydam O, Clément N, Linden RM, Ackermann M, Fraefel C. Live covisualization of competing adeno-associated virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA replication: molecular mechanisms of interaction. J Virol 2007; 81:4732-43. [PMID: 17314170 PMCID: PMC1900138 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02476-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed live cell visualization assays to directly assess the interaction between competing adeno-associated virus (AAV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA replication. Our studies reveal the formation of separate AAV and HSV-1 replication compartments and the inhibition of HSV-1 replication compartment formation in the presence of AAV. AAV Rep is recruited into AAV replication compartments but not into those of HSV-1, while the single-stranded DNA-binding protein HSV-1 ICP8 is recruited into both AAV and HSV-1 replication compartments, although with differential staining patterns. Slot blot analysis of coinfected cells revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of HSV-1 DNA replication by wild-type AAV but not by rep-negative recombinant AAV. Consistent with this, Western blot analysis indicated that wild-type AAV affects the levels of the HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP4 and the early protein ICP8 only modestly but strongly inhibits the accumulation of the late proteins VP16 and gC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of Rep in the absence of AAV DNA replication is sufficient for the inhibition of HSV-1. In particular, Rep68/78 proteins severely inhibit the formation of mature HSV-1 replication compartments and lead to the accumulation of ICP8 at sites of cellular DNA synthesis, a phenomenon previously observed in the presence of viral polymerase inhibitors. Taken together, our results suggest that AAV and HSV-1 replicate in separate compartments and that AAV Rep inhibits HSV-1 at the level of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Glauser
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Abstract
The immediate-early (IE) protein BICP22 of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) acts as transrepressor protein on viral promoters of different kinetic classes. In the present work, we looked for host cell targets of BICP22 using a yeast two-hybrid system and identified seven candidates: (1) JIK, a serine/threonine kinase of the sterile 20 protein (STE20) family that inhibits stress-related pathways; (2) cAMP response element binding protein-like 2 (CREBL2), which in its bZip domain shares homology with CREB, modulating transcription of cAMP responsive genes; (3) DNA-dependent ATPase and helicase (ATRX), a protein of the SNF2 family altering nucleosome structure; (4) scaffold attachment factor B (SAF-B), which helps to organize chromatin into topologically separated loops; (5) peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase COOH-terminal interactor protein 1 (PAMCIP1), involved in regulation of the secretory pathway in the perinuclear area; (6) zinc finger protein (ZNF38) found in proliferating cells and possibly associated with meiosis in male and female gametogenesis; (7) FLJ22709, hypothetical protein conserved among various species, containing an occludin/ELL domain. To confirm some of the interactions by confocal fluorescence microscopy, BICP22 was tagged with red fluorescent protein in an amplicon, and selected target sequences were tagged with green fluorescent protein in plasmid expression vectors. Upon amplicon transduction of Vero cells and plasmid transfection, CREBL2 and ZNF38 both colocalized with BICP22 in distinct nuclear domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okay Saydam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266A, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Saydam O, Glauser DL, Heid I, Turkeri G, Hilbe M, Jacobs AH, Ackermann M, Fraefel C. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Amplicon Vector-Mediated siRNA Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibits Growth of Human Glioma Cells in Vivo. Mol Ther 2005; 12:803-12. [PMID: 16112910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.07.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In primary glioblastomas and other tumor types, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently observed with alterations, such as amplification, structural rearrangements, or overexpression of the gene, suggesting an important role in glial tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we investigated whether posttranscriptional gene silencing by vector-mediated RNAi to inhibit EGFR expression can reduce the growth of cultured human gli36 glioma cells. To "knock down" EGFR expression, we have created HSV-1-based amplicons that contain the RNA polymerase III-dependent H1 promoter to express double-stranded hairpin RNA directed against EGFR at two different locations (pHSVsiEGFR I and pHSVsiEGFR II). We demonstrate that both pHSVsiEGFR I and pHSVsiEGFR II mediated knock-down of transiently transfected full-length EGFR or endogenous EGFR in a dose-dependent manner. The knock-down of EGFR resulted in the growth inhibition of human glioblastoma (gli36-luc) cells both in culture and in athymic mice in vivo. Cell cycle analysis and annexin V staining revealed that siRNA-mediated suppression of EGFR induced apoptosis. Overall HSV-1 amplicons can mediate efficient and specific posttranscriptional gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okay Saydam
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Glauser DL, Saydam O, Balsiger NA, Heid I, Linden RM, Ackermann M, Fraefel C. Four-dimensional visualization of the simultaneous activity of alternative adeno-associated virus replication origins. J Virol 2005; 79:12218-30. [PMID: 16160148 PMCID: PMC1211535 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.19.12218-12230.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adeno-associated virus (AAV) inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) contain the AAV Rep protein-binding site (RBS) and the terminal resolution site (TRS), which together act as a minimal origin of DNA replication. The AAV p5 promoter also contains an RBS, which is involved in Rep-mediated regulation of promoter activity, as well as a functional TRS, and origin activity of these signals has in fact been demonstrated previously in the presence of adenovirus helper functions. Here, we show that in the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and AAV Rep protein, p5 promoter-bearing plasmids are efficiently amplified to form large head-to-tail concatemers, which are readily packaged in HSV-1 virions if an HSV-1 DNA-packaging/cleavage signal is provided in cis. We also demonstrate simultaneous and independent replication from the two alternative AAV replication origins, p5 and ITR, on the single-cell level using multicolor-fluorescence live imaging, a finding which raises the possibility that both origins may contribute to the AAV life cycle. Furthermore, we assess the differential affinities of Rep for the two different replication origins, p5 and ITR, both in vitro and in live cells and identify this as a potential mechanism to control the replicative and promoter activities of p5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Glauser
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Müller L, Saydam O, Saeki Y, Heid I, Fraefel C. Gene transfer into hepatocytes mediated by herpes simplex virus–Epstein-Barr virus hybrid amplicons. J Virol Methods 2005; 123:65-72. [PMID: 15582700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer into hepatocytes is highly desirable for the long-term goal of replacing deficient proteins and correcting metabolic disorders. Vectors based on herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) have been demonstrated to mediate efficient gene transfer into hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Large transgene capacity and extrachromosomal persistence make HSV-1/EBV hybrid amplicon vectors an attractive candidate for hepatic gene replacement therapy. To assess liver-directed gene transfer, we constructed (i) a conventional HSV-1 amplicon vector encoding a secreted reporter protein (secreted alkaline phosphatase, SEAP) under the control of the HSV-1 immediate-early 4/5 promoter; (ii) a HSV-1 amplicon encoding SEAP under the control of the artificial CAG promoter (the chicken beta-actin promoter and cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early enhancer); and (iii) a HSV-1/EBV hybrid amplicon, also encoding SEAP under the control of the CAG promoter. While all three vector constructs yielded high SEAP concentrations in vitro and in vivo, use of HSV-1/EBV hybrid amplicon vectors significantly prolonged the duration of gene expression. Using conventional amplicon vectors in cultured hepatocytes, SEAP was detected for two weeks, whereas SEAP was detected for at least six weeks when HSV-1/EBV amplicons were used. Intraparenchymal injection into the liver of SICD mice yielded high (up to 77 ng of SEAP per milliliter serum) and sustained (greater than three weeks) expression of SEAP. Serum transaminases (ALT/AST) were measured at different time points to monitor for hepatocellular damage. While initially elevated four times above baseline, the transaminase levels returned to normal after three to seven days. These results demonstrate the usefulness of HSV-1-based amplicons and SEAP for the evaluation of gene replacement strategies in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Müller
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany.
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30
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Saydam O, Abril C, Vogt B, Ackermann M, Schwyzer M. Transactivator protein BICP0 of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is blocked by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which points to a mechanism for PGD2-mediated inhibition of BHV-1 replication. J Virol 2004; 78:3805-10. [PMID: 15047795 PMCID: PMC374247 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.8.3805-3810.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immediate-early protein, BICP0, of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) transactivates a variety of viral and cellular genes. In a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library screening, we found that lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, which catalyzes the production of prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)), is a cellular target of BICP0. We observed that, during wild-type BHV-1 infection, PGD(2) levels were increased intracellularly and decreased in the medium. These effects were absent upon infection with recombinant BHV-1 expressing beta-galactosidase instead of BICP0 (A2G2). Transient-expression assays showed that BICP0 alone caused a significant increase in PGD(2) levels in the cell. PGD(2) repressed BHV-1 replication in cultured cells. Antiviral activities of prostaglandins have been documented long ago, but their mode of action remains to be clarified. Here we provide evidence that PGD(2) impairs the transactivation ability of BICP0 that is necessary for efficient virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okay Saydam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
The immediate-early (IE) protein BICP0 of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) may have other functions besides transactivation of viral promoters. Recently, we observed that BICP0, delivered to cultured cells by a helpervirus-free amplicon system, forms spherical or doughnut-like structures in which the tumor suppressor protein p53 is sequestered. The objective was to determine whether BICP0 and p53 interact physically, we used both yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems. As a bait plasmid, pVA3 which encodes a hybrid protein consisting of the Gal4 DNA binding domain fused to murine p53 was used. The BICP0 gene or its truncated versions were inserted into the prey plasmid pGAD424. Bait and prey plasmids were cotransformed into yeast strain Y153, which has LacZ and HIS3 reporter genes under the control of Gal4 upstream activating sequence. After 4-6 days, colonies were stained for beta-galactosidase activity. In the mammalian two-hybrid system, pM-53 was used as a bait where truncated p53 fused to Gal4 DNA binding domain is expressed. The BICP0 gene was cloned into prey plasmid pVP16. The interaction between p53 and SV40 T-antigen was evaluated as a positive control in both systems. Neither full-length BICP0 nor its truncated derivatives induced beta-galactosidase activity in yeast whereas the positive control turned blue under the same conditions. The mammalian two-hybrid system, in which chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity was used as a reporter, also failed to show an interaction between these two proteins. Co-localization of p53 with BICP0 in spherical structures is unlikely to result from a direct physical interaction between these two proteins. Mediation by additional cellular proteins may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Saydam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Winterhurerstrasse 266A, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ozden A, Aybek Z, Saydam N, Calli N, Saydam O, Düzcan E, Güner G. Cytoprotective effect of trimetazidine on 75 min warm renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur Surg Res 2000; 30:227-34. [PMID: 9704748 DOI: 10.1159/000008581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this experimental study, we evaluated the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal IR was achieved by a 75-min clamping of the left renal pedicle and subsequent 24 h reperfusion, after right nephrectomy was performed. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (sham-operated: no IR injury), group 2 (ischemic control: saline treatment), and group 3 (3 mg/kg TMZ before ischemia). After 24 h of reperfusion, blood samples and renal tissue samples were taken to measure the levels of creatinine, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, the 7-day survival rates in each group were evaluated. We found significant increases in the levels of creatinine and tissue MDA, severe acute tubular necrosis, and a significant decrease in the activity of the GSH-Px in group 2. There were significant decreases in the levels of creatinine and tissue MDA, mild acute tubular necrosis, and a significant increase in activity of the GSH-Px in group 3 when compared with the control group (p <0.05). Statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in survival were noted between the ischemic control and sham-operated and TMZ groups. We have concluded that TMZ is able to protect the kidney from warm IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozden
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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33
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Koseoglu MH, Turan T, Aybek Z, Saydam O, Demirkan N, Guner G. Structural changes in testicular tissue of experimentally varicocele induced rats. Biochem Soc Trans 1998; 26:S381. [PMID: 10047895 DOI: 10.1042/bst026s381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Koseoglu
- Dept. of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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34
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Saydam N, Kirb A, Demir Ö, Hazan E, Oto Ö, Saydam O, Güner G. Determination of glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase levels in human lung cancer tissues. Cancer Lett 1997; 119:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(97)00245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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