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Alosaimi ME, Alotaibi BS, Abduljabbar MH, Alnemari RM, Almalki AH, Serag A. Unveiling the altered metabolic pathways induced by nivolumab in non-small cell lung cancer via GC-MS metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1240:124144. [PMID: 38703714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This research investigates the effects of the immunotherapeutic agent nivolumab on the metabolism of lung cancer cells (NCI-H1975) using GC-MS metabolomic profiling. Multivariate analysis such as unsupervised PCA and supervised OPLS-DA along with univariate analysis and pathway analysis were employed to explore the metabolomic data and identify altered metabolic pathways induced by nivolumab treatment. The study revealed distinct metabolic alterations in cancer cells, linked to proliferative and survival advantages, such as enhanced glycolysis, increased glutaminolysis, and modified amino acid metabolism. Key findings indicate elevated levels of glycolysis-related metabolites (glycine, alanine, pyruvate, and lactate) and TCA cycle intermediates (succinate, fumarate, malate) in cancer cells, with a significant decrease following nivolumab treatment. Additionally, lower levels of aspartic acid and citrate in cancer cells imply altered nucleotide synthesis and fatty acid production essential for tumor growth. Treatment with nivolumab also reduced oleic acid levels, indicative of its effect on disrupted lipid metabolism. Our research shows nivolumab's potential to modify metabolic pathways involved in lung cancer progression, suggesting its dual role in cancer therapy: as an immune response modulator and a metabolic pathway disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram H Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Alnemari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt.
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Besse L, Kraus M, Besse A, Driessen C, Tarantino I. The cytotoxic activity of carfilzomib together with nelfinavir is superior to the bortezomib/nelfinavir combination in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4411. [PMID: 36932175 PMCID: PMC10023769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is still a major problem in the treatment of patients with non-small-cell-lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and novel concepts for the induction of cytotoxicity in NSCLC are highly warranted. Proteotoxicity, the induction of cytotoxicity by targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system, represents an appealing innovative strategy. The combination of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) and the proteotoxic stress-inducing HIV drug nelfinavir (NFV) synergistically induces proteotoxicity and shows encouraging preclinical efficacy in NSCLC. The second-generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (CFZ) is superior to BTZ and overcomes BTZ resistance in multiple myeloma patients. Here, we show that CFZ together with NFV is superior to the BTZ + NFV combination in inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and proteotoxicity through the accumulation of excess proteasomal substrate protein in NSCLC in vitro and ex vivo. Interestingly, NFV increases the intracellular availability of CFZ through inhibition of CFZ export from NSCLC cells that express multidrug resistance (MDR) protein. Combining CFZ with NFV may therefore represent a future treatment option for NSCLC, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Besse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95 Haus 09/218, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne Kraus
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Besse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Driessen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ignazio Tarantino
- Department of General, Visceral, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Berry P, Kotha S, Zen Y, Papa S, El Menabawey T, Webster G, Joshi D, Heneghan M. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cholangiopathy: Novel clinicopathological description of a multi-centre cohort. Liver Int 2023; 43:147-154. [PMID: 35704341 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholestatic liver dysfunction is common in immune-related hepatitis (irH) during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) for malignancy. We investigated the spectrum of bile duct injury and associated natural history in this cohort. METHOD Clinical, laboratory, radiological and histopathological data in patients with evidence of bile duct injury during CPI treatment from 2018 to 2020 was collected in three tertiary hospitals. RESULTS In this study, ten patients with confirmed bile duct disease were identified. Pembrolizumab was most commonly implicated (8/10). Median CPI cycles prior to bile duct injury was 6. Median alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were 225 U/L and 1549 U/L respectively. Clinical jaundice was seen in 6/10 and radiological evidence of bile duct pathology in 8/10. Of five patients, who had liver biopsy, three cases (including two cases with normal MRCP) showed primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) like changes with periductal fibrosis. All patients were treated first-line with prednisolone following cessation of CPI, three with mycophenolate mofetil and one with tacrolimus, with clinical response in four patients. Five patients died after a mean follow-up of 27 weeks; cause of death was primarily related to progression of malignancy. CONCLUSION Within this heterogeneous cohort, we identified that CPI-related cholangiopathy responded poorly to immunosuppression and potentially progressed to bile duct loss. Thorough radiological and histological assessment is recommended, as identification of the cholangiopathy-associated phenotype may permit more informed advice regarding prognosis. Further data is required to determine detailed immunological characterisation in order to identify individuals at an increased risk of developing cholangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Berry
- Department of Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sreelakshmi Kotha
- Department of Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yoh Zen
- Department of Histopathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sophie Papa
- Department of Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tareq El Menabawey
- Department of hepato-biliary medicine, University college London Hospital, London, UK
| | - George Webster
- Department of hepato-biliary medicine, University college London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deepak Joshi
- Department of Hepatology, King's college Hospital, London, UK
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Yan T, Tian X, Liu F, Liu Q, Sheng Q, Wu J, Jiang S. The emerging role of circular RNAs in drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1003230. [PMID: 36303840 PMCID: PMC9592927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1003230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the characteristics of aggressiveness and high risk of postoperative recurrence, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a serious hazard to human health, accounting for 85% of all lung cancer cases. Drug therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, are effective treatments for NSCLC in clinics. However, most patients ultimately develop drug resistance, which is also the leading cause of treatment failure in cancer. To date, the mechanisms of drug resistance have yet to be fully elucidated, thus original strategies are developed to overcome this issue. Emerging studies have illustrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the generation of therapeutic resistance in NSCLC. CircRNAs mediate the modulations of immune cells, cytokines, autophagy, ferroptosis and metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which play essential roles in the generation of drug resistance of NSCLC. More importantly, circRNAs function as miRNAs sponges to affect specific signaling pathways, directly leading to the generation of drug resistance. Consequently, this review highlights the mechanisms underlying the relationship between circRNAs and drug resistance in NSCLC. Additionally, several therapeutic drugs associated with circRNAs are summarized, aiming to provide references for circRNAs serving as potential therapeutic targets in overcoming drug resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghao Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinchen Tian
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianlin Wu, ; Shulong Jiang,
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Jianlin Wu, ; Shulong Jiang,
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Kotha S, Zen Y, Berry P. Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic challenges in a jaundiced patient treated with a checkpoint inhibitor. Clin J Gastroenterol 2022; 15:446-450. [PMID: 35152370 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-022-01604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune check point inhibitors (CPI) are now standard treatment for numerous metastatic malignancies. They are associated with hepatological adverse reactions, the most common of which is immune related hepatitis (irH). Bile duct injury is rarely described. We present the case of a 42 year old male with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with atezolizumab who developed severe liver dysfunction with biochemical and radiological features of a cholangiopathy. Establishing the final diagnosis proved exceptionally difficult due to multiple potential aetiologies. In this article the diagnostic, prognostic and management challenges including the role of liver biopsy, biliary drainage and immune suppression are explored. Cholangiopathy related to CPI is an emerging clinical entity that requires coordinated, expert care and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi Kotha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Yoh Zen
- Department of Histopathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philip Berry
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Kamal-Bahl S, Puckett J, Singh A, Willke R. Valuing treatment in oncology: embracing a broader notion of value. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2022; 28:362-368. [PMID: 35100007 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2022.21153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, we have witnessed unprecedented, groundbreaking innovation in pharmaceuticals. This has been particularly true in oncology, where new therapies have increased survival and at times offered clinical cure. However, the impact of these promising treatments has been attenuated by persistent access and cost challenges that may limit their effect. A narrative has emerged that many of these so-called breakthroughs are not priced according to the value they provide. Traditional cost-effectiveness analyses would appear to support these doubts, often suggesting that innovative therapies do not represent value for money. However, there is a case to be made that innovative therapies require equally innovative value assessments. To explore this emerging viewpoint, this article provides a brief introduction to the current value debate and oncology-specific considerations when assessing elements of value. We offer a brief background on the nature and development of quality-adjusted life-years as a part of cost-effectiveness analyses and some of their key limitations; a primer on "novel" elements of value, which capture specific aspects of patient and societal preferences not included in quality-adjusted life-years; and their applicability to oncology including discussion on areas where further thought and research might be needed. We conclude with a potential checklist of novel elements of value that should be considered. DISCLOSURES: This Viewpoints article was funded by Novartis, Inc., which also provided funding to COVIA Health Solutions for manuscript development. The sponsor was involved in developing the manuscript. Kamal-Bahl and Puckett are employees of COVIA Health Solutions, a consulting firm that provides services to biopharmaceutical clients, trade organizations, and foundations. Kamal-Bahl holds stock in Merck and Pfizer. Singh is an employee of Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Willke received personal fees from COVIA Health Solutions for work on the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Willke
- International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, Lawrenceville, NJ
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Zheng Y, Tang L, Liu Z. Multi-omics analysis of an immune-based prognostic predictor in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1322. [PMID: 34893051 PMCID: PMC8662860 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors targeting immune checkpoints, such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, have prolonged survival in small groups of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but biomarkers predictive of the response to the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain rare. METHODS The nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) was performed for TCGA-NSCLC tumor samples based on the LM22 immune signature to construct subgroups. Characterization of NMF subgroups involved the single sample gene set variation analysis (ssGSVA), and mutation/copy number alteration and methylation analyses. Construction of RNA interaction network was based on the identification of differentially expressed RNAs (DERs). The prognostic predictor was constructed by a LASSO-Cox regression model. Four GEO datasets were used for the validation analysis. RESULTS Four immune based NMF subgroups among NSCLC patients were identified. Genetic and epigenetic analyses between subgroups revealed an important role of somatic copy number alterations in determining the immune checkpoint expression on specific immune cells. Seven hub genes were recognized in the regulatory network closely related to the immune phenotype, and a three-gene prognosis predictor was constructed. CONCLUSIONS Our study established an immune-based prognosis predictor, which might have the potential to select subgroups benefiting from the ICI treatment, for NSCLC patients using publicly available databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziling Liu
- Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Lin LL, Yang F, Zhang DH, Hu C, Yang S, Chen XQ. ARHGAP10 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer by inactivating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:320. [PMID: 34174897 PMCID: PMC8236192 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rho GTPase activating protein 10 (ARHGAP10) has been implicated as an essential element in multiple cellular process, including cell migration, adhesion and actin cytoskeleton dynamic reorganization. However, the correlation of ARHGAP10 expression with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer cells is unclear and remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the trait of ARHGAP10 and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathological process. Methods Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate the expression of ARHGAP10 in NSCLC tissues. CCK-8 assays, Transwell assays, scratch assays were applied to assess cell proliferation, invasion and migration. The expression levels of EMT biomarkers and active molecules involved in PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway were examined through immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results ARHGAP10 was detected to be lower expression in NSCLC tissues compared with normal tissues from individuals. Moreover, overexpression of ARHGAP10 inhibited migratory and invasive potentials of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. In addition, ARHGAP10 directly mediated the process of EMT via PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. Meanwhile, activation of the signaling pathway of insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) reversed ARHGAP10 overexpression regulated EMT in NSCLC cells. Conclusion ARHGAP10 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in NSCLC via PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway, suggesting agonist of ARHGAP10 may be an optional remedy for NSCLC patients than traditional opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Huan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang-Qi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Bravaccini S, Bronte G, Ulivi P. TMB in NSCLC: A Broken Dream? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126536. [PMID: 34207126 PMCID: PMC8234326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment paradigm of a variety of cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer, not all patients respond to immunotherapy in the same way. Predictive biomarkers for patient selection are thus needed. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), defined as the total number of somatic/acquired mutations per coding area of a tumor genome (Mut/Mb), has emerged as a potential predictive biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We found that the limited use of TMB in clinical practice is due to the difficulty in its detection and compounded by several different biological, methodological and economic issues. The incorporation of both TMB and PD-L1 expression or other biomarkers into multivariable predictive models could result in greater predictive power.
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Zhang W, Yin Q, Huang H, Lu J, Qin H, Chen S, Zhang W, Su X, Sun W, Dong Y, Li Q. Personal Neoantigens From Patients With NSCLC Induce Efficient Antitumor Responses. Front Oncol 2021; 11:628456. [PMID: 33928024 PMCID: PMC8076796 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.628456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop a neoantigen-targeted personalized cancer treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), neoantigens were obtained from collected human lung cancer samples, and the utility of neoantigen and neoantigen-reactive T cells (NRTs) was assessed. Methods Tumor specimens from three patients with NSCLC were obtained and analyzed by whole-exome sequencing, and neoantigens were predicted accordingly. Dendritic cells and T lymphocytes were isolated, NRTs were elicited and IFN-γ ELISPOT tests were conducted. HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice were immunized with peptides from HLA-A*02:01+patient with high immunogenicity, and NRTs were subjected to IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α ELISPOT as well as time-resolved fluorescence assay for cytotoxicity assays to verify the immunogenicity in vitro. The HLA-A*02:01+lung cancer cell line was transfected with minigene and inoculated into the flanks of C57BL/6nu/nu mice and the NRTs induced by the immunogenic polypeptides from autologous HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice were adoptively transfused to verify their immunogenicity in vivo. Results Multiple putative mutation-associated neoantigens with strong affinity for HLA were selected from each patient. Immunogenic neoantigen were identified in all three NSCLC patients, the potency of ACAD8-T105I, BCAR1-G23V and PLCG1-M425L as effective neoantigen to active T cells in suppressing tumor growth was further proven both in vitro and in vivo using HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice and tumor-bearing mouse models. Conclusion Neoantigens with strong immunogenicity can be screened from NSCLC patients through the whole-exome sequencing of patient specimens and machine-learning-based neoantigen predictions. NRTs shown efficient antitumor responses in transgenic mice and tumor-bearing mouse models. Our results indicate that the development of neoantigen-based personalized immunotherapies in NSCLC is possible. Precis Neoantigens with strong immunogenicity were screened from NSCLC patients. This research provides evidence suggesting that neoantigen-based therapy might serve as feasible treatment for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Su
- School of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Tea Mountain Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuchao Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Lim H, Ramjeesingh R, Liu D, Tam VC, Knox JJ, Card PB, Meyers BM. Optimizing Survival and the Changing Landscape of Targeted Therapy for Intermediate and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:123-136. [PMID: 32898239 PMCID: PMC7850551 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) consisting of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib has remained unchanged for over a decade, although results from phase III targeted therapy trials have recently emerged. This review considers available phase III evidence on the use and sequencing of targeted therapy for intermediate and advanced non-locoregional therapy (LRT) eligible HCC and discusses implications for clinical practice. METHODS Published and presented literature on phase III data reporting on targeted therapy for advanced HCC that was not eligible for loco-regional therapies was identified using the key search terms "hepatocellular cancer" AND "advanced" AND "targeted therapy" AND "phase III" OR respective aliases (PRISMA). RESULTS Ten phase III trials assessed targeted therapy first-line and eight following sorafenib. In the first-line, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab statistically significantly improved overall survival (OS) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) compared with sorafenib, while lenvatinib demonstrated non-inferior OS. Following progression on sorafenib, statistically significant OS improvements over placebo were seen for cabozantinib and regorafenib in unselected patients and for ramucirumab in those with baseline α-fetoprotein≥400 ng/mL. Based on improved OS and PROs, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab appears to be a preferred first-line treatment option for intermediate or advanced non-LRT eligible HCC. Phase III data informing sequencing of later lines of treatment is lacking. Therefore, sequencing principles are proposed that can be used to guide treatment selection. CONCLUSIONS Ongoing trials will continue to inform optimal therapy. Multiple targeted therapies have improved OS in intermediate or advanced non-LRT eligible HCC, although optimal sequencing is an area of ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer - Vancouver Site, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ravi Ramjeesingh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Dave Liu
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vincent C Tam
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Knox
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul B Card
- Kaleidoscope Strategic, Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brandon M Meyers
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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12
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Integrative Expression and Prognosis Analysis of DHX37 in Human Cancers by Data Mining. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6576210. [PMID: 33490273 PMCID: PMC7801084 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6576210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DHEA-Box Helicase 37 (DHX37) is a putative RNA helicase. It is involved in various RNA secondary structure alteration processes, including translation, nuclear splicing, and ribosome assembly. It is reported to be associated with the neurodevelopmental disorder with brain anomalies, and a recent study suggests that DHX37 is a functional regulator of CD8 T cells. Dysregulation of the CD8 T cell function is closely related to defective antitumor immune responses. In the present study, we investigated the expression, mutation, and prognostic role of DHX37 in human cancers, mainly by mining publicly available datasets. Our results suggested that DHX37 was significantly upregulated in 17 kinds of tumors. Mutations including deletions, insertions, and substitutions of DHX37 were widely detected. Besides, the expression of DHX37 was negatively correlated with immune-related genes PD-L1, RGS16, and TOX, and it was positively associated with TIM3, LAG3, and NCOR2. Through biofunctional analysis, we observed that DHX37 was significantly enriched in cancer-related pathways such as cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair, RNA degradation, and RNA polymerase. In conclusion, the study explored the significance of DHX37 in human cancers. DHX37 may serve as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Melosky B, Cheema PK, Brade A, McLeod D, Liu G, Price PW, Jao K, Schellenberg DD, Juergens R, Leighl N, Chu Q. Prolonging Survival: The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer. Oncologist 2020; 25:981-992. [PMID: 32860288 PMCID: PMC7648366 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents approximately 15% of lung cancers, and approximately 70% are diagnosed as extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). Although ES-SCLC is highly responsive to chemotherapy, patients typically progress rapidly, and there is an urgent need for new therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been investigated in SCLC, and this review provides guidance on the use of these agents in ES-SCLC based on phase III evidence. METHODS Published and presented literature on phase III data addressing use of ICIs in ES-SCLC was identified using the key search terms "small cell lung cancer" AND "checkpoint inhibitors" (OR respective aliases). Directed searches of eligible studies were periodically performed to ensure capture of the most recent data. RESULTS Six phase III trials were identified, with four assessing the benefits of ICIs plus chemotherapy first-line, one evaluating ICIs as first-line therapy maintenance, and one assessing ICI monotherapy after progression on platinum-based chemotherapy. The addition of ipilimumab or tremelimumab to first-line treatment or as first-line maintenance did not improve survival. Two out of three studies combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy demonstrated significant long-lasting survival benefits and improved quality of life with no unexpected safety concerns. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as first-line maintenance or in later lines of therapy did not improve survival. Biomarker research is ongoing as well as research into the role of ICIs in combination with radiation therapy in limited-stage SCLC. CONCLUSION The addition of atezolizumab or durvalumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy for ES-SCLC prolongs survival and improves quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Platinum-based chemotherapy has been standard of care for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) for more than a decade. Six recent phase III trials investigating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have clarified the role of these agents in this setting. Although ICIs were assessed first-line, as first-line maintenance, and in later lines of therapy, the additions of atezolizumab or durvalumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were the only interventions that significantly improved overall survival and increased quality of life. These combinations should therefore be considered standard therapy for first-line ES-SCLC. Biomarker research and investigations into the role of ICIs for limited-stage disease are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Melosky
- BC Cancer, Vancouver Centre, University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Parneet K. Cheema
- William Osler Health System, University of Toronto, Brampton and TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anthony Brade
- Trillium Health Partners, University of TorontoMississaugaOntarioCanada
| | | | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Kevin Jao
- Hôpital Sacré‐Cœur, Université de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Devin D. Schellenberg
- BC Cancer, Surrey Centre, University of British ColumbiaSurreyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Rosalyn Juergens
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Natasha Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Quincy Chu
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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14
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Chae YK, Kim WB, Davis AA, Park LC, Anker JF, Simon NI, Rhee K, Song J, Cho A, Chang S, Ko T, Oh M, Bhave M, Viveiros P. Mass spectrometry-based serum proteomic signature as a potential biomarker for survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving immunotherapy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:1015-1028. [PMID: 32953481 PMCID: PMC7481587 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background VeriStrat test is a serum assay which uses a mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic signature derived from machine learning. It is currently used as a prognostic marker for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving chemotherapy. However, little is known about its role for NSCLC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods This is a retrospective study that includes 47 patients with advanced stage NSCLC without an activating EGFR mutation, who underwent the VeriStrat test from 2016 to 2018. Spectra from blood samples were evaluated to assign patients into the VeriStrat ‘Good’ (VS-G) or VeriStrat ‘Poor’ (VS-P) risk group. The clinical outcomes of 32 patients who received programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors nivolumab or pembrolizumab were analyzed by VeriStrat status. Results The VS-G group demonstrated significantly higher progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to the VS-P group among overall NSCLC patients regardless of treatment (median PFS of 7.1 vs. 4.2 months, P=0.013, and median OS, not reached vs. 17.2 months, P=0.012). Among NSCLC patients treated with ICIs, VS-G classification was associated with significantly increased PFS in comparison to VS-P classification (median PFS of 6.2 vs. 3.0 months, P=0.012), while the differences in OS trended towards significance (median OS, not reached vs. 16.5 months P=0.076). Multivariate analysis showed that the VeriStrat status was significantly correlated with PFS and OS in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs (P=0.017, P=0.034, respectively). Conclusions MS-based serum proteomic signature has potential as a biomarker for survival outcome in NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Chae
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Won Bin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew A Davis
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lee Chun Park
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Internal Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan F Anker
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas I Simon
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyunghoon Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junho Song
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anderson Cho
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sangmin Chang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taeyeong Ko
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Oh
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manali Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pedro Viveiros
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Wang C, Qiao W, Jiang Y, Zhu M, Shao J, Wang T, Liu D, Li W. The landscape of immune checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus immunotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:4913-4927. [PMID: 31693178 PMCID: PMC7028135 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the prognosis remains poor. The recent introduction of the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), or plus chemotherapy, both resulted in the survival benefit for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but it remains unanswered which is superior. The current study aimed to estimate the comparative efficacy and safety of ICI-chemotherapy versus ICI-monotherapy in advanced NSCLC. METHODS Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that ICI monotherapy or ICI plus chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy in NSCLC were included with available primary endpoints of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate, or treatment-related adverse events. A fixed-effect or random-effects model was adopted depending on between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 20 RCTs involving 12,025 patients with NSCLC were included. Both ICI-monotherapy and ICI-chemotherapy resulted in significantly prolonged survival compared to chemotherapy and the former led to significantly longer PFS. The magnitude of survival benefits appeared to be greatest among those treated with pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy (OS, 0.56; PFS, 0.54). Additionally, OS and PFS advantages of ICI therapies were observed in patients with NSCLC with low or high programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression level, but not in intermediate PD-L1 TPS. CONCLUSIONS Pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy was recommended as the optimal first-line therapy for advanced patients with NSCLC. Additionally, PD-L1 alone is not recommended as an adequate molecular biomarker to identify eligible patients for routine clinical practice in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Department of Lung Cancer Center, Laboratory Lung Cancer, West China Hospital, West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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16
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Verocq C, Decaestecker C, Rocq L, De Clercq S, Verrellen A, Mekinda Z, Ocak S, Compère C, Stanciu-Pop C, Salmon I, Remmelink M, D'Haene N. The daily practice reality of PD-L1 (CD274) evaluation in non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3400-3410. [PMID: 32269612 PMCID: PMC7115063 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PDCD-1) monoclonal antibody for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) requires prior immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of the expression of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (also known as CD274 molecule) which is a heterogeneous and complex marker. The present study aimed to investigate how pathological and technical factors (such as tumor location and sampling type, respectively) may affect the PD-L1 evaluation in patients with NSCLC in the daily practice of pathology laboratories. The current study was retrospective, and included 454 patients with NSCLC, for whom PD-L1 expression analysis by IHC was prospectively performed between November 2016 and January 2018. The association between PD-L1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients was statistically investigated using either the χ2 and Fisher exact tests or the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, depending on whether PD-L1 expression was assessed in three large categories (<1, 1-49, ≥50%) or in more precise percentages. Furthermore, the same statistical methodology was used to analyze the heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression according to its sampling type (cytology, biopsy or surgical specimen) and its location (primary tumor, lymph node or distant metastasis). Intra- and inter-observer discrepancies were also studied using double-blind evaluation and concordance analyses based on the weighted κ coefficient. The results demonstrated a significant association between PD-L1 expression and sample location (P=0.005), histological type (P=0.026), total number of mutations (P=0.004) and KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase mutations (P=0.024). In addition, sampling type did not influence PD-L1 expression. The inter- and intra-observer discrepancies were 15% and between 16 and 17.5%, respectively. The present study confirmed that evaluation of PD-L1 expression by IHC can be performed on all types of samples. In addition, the results from the current study highlighted the heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression among the different types of sample location. In complex cases, a second evaluation of PD-L1 expression by IHC would be performed due to intra- and inter-observer discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Verocq
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Decaestecker
- DIAPath-Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, ULB, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, ULB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laureen Rocq
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Clercq
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Verrellen
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zita Mekinda
- Department of Pulmonology, Erasme Hospital, ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebahat Ocak
- Division of Pulmonology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Namur (Godinne Site), UCL, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
- Pole of Pulmonology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCL, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Compère
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre Hospitalier Inter Régional Edith Cavell Cancer Institute, 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Stanciu-Pop
- Department of Pathology, CHU UCL Namur (Godinne Site), UCL, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- DIAPath-Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, ULB, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
- Centre Universitaire Inter Regional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière, 6040 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Myriam Remmelink
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre Universitaire Inter Regional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière, 6040 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nicky D'Haene
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre Universitaire Inter Regional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière, 6040 Charleroi, Belgium
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17
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Thunnissen E, Kerr KM, Dafni U, Bubendorf L, Finn SP, Soltermann A, Biernat W, Cheney R, Verbeken E, Warth A, Marchetti A, Speel EJM, Pokharel S, Quinn AM, Monkhorst K, Navarro A, Madsen LB, Tsourti Z, Geiger T, Kammler R, Peters S, Stahel RA. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression influenced by tissue sample size. Scoring based on tissue microarrays' and cross-validation with resections, in patients with, stage I-III, non-small cell lung carcinoma of the European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape cohort. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:792-801. [PMID: 31740722 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PD-L1, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, is a predictive biomarker for immuno-oncology treatment in lung cancer. Different scoring methods have been used to assess its status, resulting in a wide range of positivity rates. We use the European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape non-small cell lung carcinoma cohort to explore this issue. PD-L1 expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (up to four cores per case), using the DAKO 28-8 immunohistochemistry assay, following a two-round external quality assessment procedure. All samples were analyzed under the same protocol. Cross-validation of scoring between tissue microarray and whole sections was performed in 10% randomly selected samples. Cutoff points considered: ≥1, 50 (primarily), and 25%. At the two external quality assessment rounds, tissue microarray scoring agreement rates between pathologists were: 73% and 81%. There were 2008 cases with valid immunohistochemistry tissue microarray results (50% all cores evaluable). Concordant cases at 1, 25, and 50% were: 85, 91, and 93%. Tissue microarray core results were identical for 70% of cases. Sensitivity of the tissue microarray method for 1, 25, and 50% was: 80, 78, and 79% (specificity: 90, 95, 98%). Complete agreement between tissue microarrays and whole sections was achieved for 60% of the cases. Highest sensitivity rates for 1% and 50% cutoffs were detected for higher number of cores. Underestimation of PD-L1 expression on small samples is more common than overestimation. We demonstrated that classification of PD-L1 on small biopsy samples does not represent the overall expression of PD-L1 in all non-small cell cancer carcinoma cases, although the majority of cases are 'correctly' classified. In future studies, sampling more and larger biopsies, recording the biopsy size and tumor load may permit further refinement, increasing predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Urania Dafni
- Froniter Science Foundation-Hellas & National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Richard Cheney
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Erik Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne Warth
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Cytopathology, and Molecular Pathology MVZ UEGP Giessen, Wetzlar, Limburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Center of Predicitve Predictive Molecular Medicine, CeSI, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Saraswati Pokharel
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anne Marie Quinn
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Department of Histopathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Atilio Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zoi Tsourti
- Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas & University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Geiger
- Translational Research Coordination, European Thoracic Oncology Platform Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roswitha Kammler
- Translational Research Coordination, European Thoracic Oncology Platform Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf A Stahel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Hur JY, Lee HY, Chang HJ, Choi CW, Kim DH, Eo WK. Preoperative plateletcrit is a Prognostic Biomarker for Survival in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:2800-2807. [PMID: 32226498 PMCID: PMC7086273 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Several factors associated with the prognosis of patients with NSCLC have been reported in the literature; however, most of these factors cannot be examined preoperatively. In this study, the clinical utility of platelet parameters in patients with NSCLC who underwent curative resection was evaluated. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study on patients with NSCLC who underwent curative resection from July 2006 to September 2016 was conducted. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to evaluate the variables that demonstrated effects on disease-free and overall survival (DFS and OS). Results: A total of 116 patients with NSCLC were analyzed. There were 15 patients with plateletcrit greater than 0.2755%, and 101 patients whose plateletcrit was 0.2755% or lower. Multivariate analysis identified plateletcrit higher than 0.2755% (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54-11.34, P =0.004), patient age of 65 years or more (HR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.67-9.66, P = 0.001), and stage II or IIIA disease (HR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.26-6.87, P = 0.012) as independent factors for OS that predicted a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis identified plateletcrit higher than 0.2755% (HR = 4.07, 95% CI = 1.52-10.94, P = 0.005), stage II or IIIA disease (HR = 5.38, 95% CI = 2.71-10.66, P < 0.001) and non-adenocarcinoma (HR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.02-3.59, P = 0.040) as independent prognostic factors for DFS that predicted a poor prognosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest a potential role of preoperative plateletcrit as an independent prognostic marker for patients with resectable NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Hur
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheon Woong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan Kyu Eo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Yang L, Gu Y, Wang H, Yu D, Zhang H, Wang H. Novel ProCore 25-gauge needle for endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration reduces the puncture time and frequency, with comparable diagnostic rate for mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:748-753. [PMID: 31989777 PMCID: PMC7049504 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ProCore 25‐gauge needle is a novel specifically designed puncture needle for endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA), which may improve the puncture efficiency of the procedure while ensuring the diagnostic rate. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, mRNA yield, and complication rate of 25‐gauge needles compared to those of 22‐gauge needles in the evaluation of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Methods A total of 39 patients undergoing EBUS‐TBNA at our institution were evaluated. All the procedures were performed by an experienced endoscopist formally trained in interventional pulmonology. Both the traditional 22‐gauge and ProCore 25‐gauge needles were used at each lymph node station. For all specimens obtained via EBUS‐TBNA, 50 μL was used to extract mRNA and detect the RNA concentration, whereas the other part was sent to the pathological evaluation. χ2 test and t‐test were performed to determine the differences between the two types of the needles. A P‐value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 88 lymph nodes were punctured by the two needles separately. The diagnostic accuracy for each puncture between the two needles did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05). No serious procedure‐related complications were reported. In addition, the mRNA concentration did not differ between the two types of needles (P > 0.05). Conclusion The ProCore 25‐gauge needle gained a similar diagnostic yield with less puncture time and frequency compared with the 22‐gauge needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Wan N, Zhang TT, Hua SH, Lu ZL, Ji B, Li LX, Lu LQ, Huang WJ, Jiang J, Li J. Cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy with PD-L1 test for the first-line treatment of NSCLC. Cancer Med 2020; 9:1683-1693. [PMID: 31945265 PMCID: PMC7050096 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pembrolizumab (Pembro) in combination with chemotherapy has been approved for the treatment of pretreated advanced NSCLC in the United States and China for its significant efficacy. However, the cost‐effectiveness is unknown considering Pembro's high price. The impact of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) test on the cost‐effectiveness is also unknown. The current study assessed the cost‐effectiveness of combination therapy for nonsquamous NSCLC from the United States and China public payers’ perspective. Materials and Methods A literature‐based Markov model was conducted using KEYNOTE‐189 trial data to compare cost and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) of three treatment strategies for nonsquamous NSCLC: Pembro‐chemotherapy combination and chemotherapy strategy without PD‐L1 test, and treatment strategy according to their PD‐L1 status. Results In base case analysis, the combination strategy generated an additional 0.78 QALYs and 0.59 QALYs over chemotherapy in the United States and China respectively, resulting in an ICER of $132 392/QALY in the United States and $92 533/QALY in China. In the PD‐L1 ≥1% base case, the ICERs were $77 754/QALY and $56 768/QALY respectively in the United States and China for PD‐L1 test strategy. In the PD‐L1 ≥50% base case, the ICERs were $44 731/QALY and $34 388/QALY respectively in the United States and China for PD‐L1 test strategy. Lowering Pembro price can also partly decrease the ICERs. Conclusion Compared with chemotherapy, the combination strategy is not cost‐effective for the treatment of NSCLC in the American and Chinese health care system at WTP threshold of $100 000/QALY for the United States and $27 351/QALY for China. Using PD‐L1 test for patient selection and price reduction could improve the cost‐effective probabilities of immunotherapy for nonsquamous NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Huabo Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Hua Hua
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Luo Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Qing Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jie Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Dongguan Institute of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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21
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an evolving class of drugs for the treatment of various cancers; for example, their use is recommended as a second-line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. With the expanding use of ICIs, we are discovering their unique side effects, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can impair gastrointestinal, hepatic, dermatological, endocrine and other systems. Nivolumab is an ICI that blocks the human programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) on T cells to prevent the interaction between the receptor, PD-1, and human programmed death ligand-1 expressed on tumour cells. Here, we report a case of a 65-year-old woman with recurrent lung adenocarcinoma who was treated with nivolumab and developed immune-related adrenalitis, which was managed with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. This case highlights the importance of understanding the irAEs of ICIs to allow prompt recognition and management of life-threatening complications of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Iqbal
- Internal Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health, Abington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Waqas Ullah
- Internal Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health, Abington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dina Nabwani
- Internal Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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22
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Dong S, Li W, Wang L, Hu J, Song Y, Zhang B, Ren X, Ji S, Li J, Xu P, Liang Y, Chen G, Lou JT, Yu W. Histone-Related Genes Are Hypermethylated in Lung Cancer and Hypermethylated HIST1H4F Could Serve as a Pan-Cancer Biomarker. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6101-6112. [PMID: 31575549 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cytologic examination is the current "gold standard" for lung cancer diagnosis, however, this has low sensitivity. Here, we identified a typical methylation signature of histone genes in lung cancer by whole-genome DNA methylation analysis, which was validated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung cancer cohort (n = 907) and was further confirmed in 265 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples with specificity and sensitivity of 96.7% and 87.0%, respectively. More importantly, HIST1H4F was universally hypermethylated in all 17 tumor types from TCGA datasets (n = 7,344), which was further validated in nine different types of cancer (n = 243). These results demonstrate that HIST1H4F can function as a universal-cancer-only methylation (UCOM) marker, which may aid in understanding general tumorigenesis and improve screening for early cancer diagnosis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify a new biomarker for cancer detection and show that hypermethylation of histone-related genes seems to persist across cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Dong
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Ren
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimeng Ji
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Tao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Ohba T, Takamori S, Toyozawa R, Nosaki K, Umeyama Y, Haratake N, Miura N, Yamaguchi M, Taguchi K, Seto T, Shimokawa M, Takenoyama M. Prognostic impact of the Controlling Nutritional Status score in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:3757-3768. [PMID: 31656648 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.09.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, has been shown to yield a durable response and significant survival benefit in some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Recent studies have shown that the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, a novel nutritional index, can be useful for predicting the prognosis in some malignancies. However, its usefulness in predicting the clinical outcome of immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment in patients with NSCLC has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of the CONUT score in NSCLC patients treated with pembrolizumab. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 32 patients with advanced NSCLC who received pembrolizumab monotherapy. A cut-off CONUT score of 2 was used to categorize patients into low and high CONUT groups. We evaluated the relation between the clinicopathological factors including CONUT score and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the prognosis. Results Twenty-two patients were classified into the low CONUT score group, while 10 were classified into the high CONUT score group. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, the number of prior treatments and the CONUT score were found to independently predict progression-free survival (PFS) (P<0.05), while the CONUT score as well as NLR was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P<0.05). In addition, in patients who received pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment, a high CONUT score was associated with a significantly worse PFS and overall survival in comparison to a low CONUT score. Conclusions The CONUT score has potential application as a predictor of the therapeutic effect and the prognosis of NSCLC patients treated with pembrolizumab. Our findings suggest that in addition to the programmed cell death ligand 1 expression level, the CONUT may also be a useful indicator for selecting NSCLC patients who may benefit from ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ohba
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinkichi Takamori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Toyozawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaname Nosaki
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umeyama
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Haratake
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Miura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Seto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takenoyama
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Tamiya M, Tamiya A, Hosoya K, Taniguchi Y, Yokoyama T, Fukuda Y, Hirano K, Matsumoto H, Kominami R, Suzuki H, Hirashima T, Uchida J, Morita M, Kanazu M, Sawa N, Kinoshita Y, Hara S, Kumagai T, Fujimoto D. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab as first-line therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with at least 50% PD-L1 positivity: a multicenter retrospective cohort study (HOPE-001). Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1266-1273. [PMID: 31392549 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives As first line therapy, pembrolizumab provides longer progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than platinum doublets in programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with tumor propensity scores (TPS) ≥50%. However, clinical trials do not represent real-world patients. Materials and Methods This multicenter retrospective study conducted across 11 medical centers in Japan analyzed clinical data from patients receiving first-line pembrolizumab for NSCLC between February 1, 2017 and April 30, 2018. The efficacy, safety, and suitability of pembrolizumab monotherapy were evaluated. Results The median age of the 213 enrolled patients was 71 (range: 39-91) years. Among them, 176 (82.6%) were male, 20 (9.4%) were never smokers (median Brinkman index: 900), 172 (80.8%) had an ECOG PS of 0-1, 55 (25.8%) had squamous-cell carcinoma (SQ). PD-L1 TPS were 50-74%, 75-89%, and 90-100% in 97 (45.5%), 47 (22.1%), and 69 (32.4%) patients, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) of grades ≥3 were observed in 39 (18.3%) patients. Pneumonitis was the most common severe AE, occurring in 10 patients (4.7%) including 1 with grade 4 toxicity; no severe AE-related deaths occurred. The overall response rate, median PFS, and median OS was 51.2%, 8.3 months, and 17.8 months, respectively. On multivariate analysis, ECOG PS (0-1 vs. ≥2: HR: 1.69, 95.0% CI: 1.05-2.72; p = 0.03138), CRP/Alb (<0.3 vs. ≥0.3: HR: 1.92, 95.0% CI: 1.28-2.87; p = 0.00153), steroid usage (not usage vs. usage: HR: 2.94, 95.0% CI: 1.45-5.95; p = 0.00267), and PD-L1 TPS (50-89% vs. 90-100%: HR: 0.65, 95.0% CI: 0.43-1.00; p = 0.04984) were significantly and independently correlated with PFS of pembrolizumab. Conclusion The results confirm the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in real-world patients. Poor PS and steroid usage at the time of commencing pembrolizumab treatment indicate poor outcomes. First-line pembrolizumab particularly benefits patients with PD-L1 TPS ≥90% or low inflammatory states (CRP/ALB<0.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tamiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180, Nagasone-cho, Kita-ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Hosoya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180, Nagasone-cho, Kita-ku, Sakai City, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yokoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1, Miwa, Kurashiki City, Okayama, 710-8602, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1, Miwa, Kurashiki City, Okayama, 710-8602, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, 2-17-77, Higashi-Naniwa-Cho, Amagasaki City, Hyogo, 660-8550, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, 2-17-77, Higashi-Naniwa-Cho, Amagasaki City, Hyogo, 660-8550, Japan
| | - Ryota Kominami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Himeji Medical Center, 68, Honmachi, Himeji City, Hyogo, 670-8520, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Malignancy, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, 3-7-1, Habikino, Habikino City, Osaka, 583-8588, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirashima
- Department of Thoracic Malignancy, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, 3-7-1, Habikino, Habikino City, Osaka, 583-8588, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56, Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 558-8558, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Morita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, 2-4, Ichiban-cho, Nagata-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 653-0013, Japan
| | - Masaki Kanazu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1, Toneyama, Toyonaka City, Osaka, 560-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1, Toneyama, Toyonaka City, Osaka, 560-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kinoshita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Itami City Hospital, 1-100, Koyaike, Itami City, Hyogo, 664-8540, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Itami City Hospital, 1-100, Koyaike, Itami City, Hyogo, 664-8540, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Daichi Fujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
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25
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Liu C, Xu B, Li Q, Li A, Li L, Yue J, Hu Q, Yu J. Smoking history influences the prognostic value of peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:176. [PMID: 31320838 PMCID: PMC6617618 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the effect of smoking on tumor immunity, we attempted to investigate the impact of smoking history on the prognostic value of circulating naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemo(radio)therapy. Methods Of 196 histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC, 98 eligible ones were enrolled. Naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Kaplan-Meier curves helped estimate patients' survival. The uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed in the assessment of the prognostic value of factors. Results Multivariate survival analyses showed that peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells independently predicted favorable overall survival (OS) in ever smokers with advanced NSCLC (P = 0.007), but unfavorable OS in never smokers with the same ailment (P = 0.012). Ever smokers presented a different distribution of naïve and memory T cells: low expression levels of naïve CD4+ T (P = 0.005), naïve CD8+ T (P = 0.031), CD4+ naïve/memory ratio (P = 0.020), and CD8+ naïve/memory ratio (P = 0.019), and high distributions of memory CD4 + T (P = 0.004), memory CD8 + T (P = 0.034), and naïve CD8/CD4 ratio (P = 0.020), when compared to never smokers. Conclusions We revealed the impact of cigarette-smoking on peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells' prognostic value in advanced NSCLC patients. These results could help in refining personalized treatment for advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China.,2Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China.,3Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Bin Xu
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Qian Li
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Aijie Li
- 4Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong China
| | - Lan Li
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Jinbo Yue
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
| | - Qinyong Hu
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Jinming Yu
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China.,2Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
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26
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Kerr KM, Thunnissen E, Dafni U, Finn SP, Bubendorf L, Soltermann A, Verbeken E, Biernat W, Warth A, Marchetti A, Speel EJM, Pokharel S, Quinn AM, Monkhorst K, Navarro A, Madsen LB, Radonic T, Wilson J, De Luca G, Gray SG, Cheney R, Savic S, Martorell M, Muley T, Baas P, Meldgaard P, Blackhall F, Dingemans AM, Dziadziuszko R, Vansteenkiste J, Weder W, Polydoropoulou V, Geiger T, Kammler R, Peters S, Stahel R. A retrospective cohort study of PD-L1 prevalence, molecular associations and clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC: Results from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) Lungscape Project. Lung Cancer 2019; 131:95-103. [PMID: 31027705 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PD-L1 biomarker is an important factor in selecting patients with non-small cell lung cancer for immunotherapy. While several reports suggest that PD-L1 positivity is linked to a poor prognosis, others suggest that PD-L1 positive status portends a good prognosis. METHODS PD-L1 positivity prevalence, assessed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays (TMAs), and its association with clinicopathological characteristics, molecular profiles and patient outcome- Relapse-free Survival (RFS), Time-to-Relapse (TTR) and Overall Survival (OS)- is explored in the ETOP Lungscape cohort of stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumors are considered positive if they have ≥1/5/25/50% neoplastic cell membrane staining. RESULTS PD-L1 expression was assessed in 2182 NSCLC cases (2008 evaluable, median follow-up 4.8 years, 54.6% still alive), from 15 ETOP centers. Adenocarcinomas represent 50.9% of the cohort (squamous cell: 42.4%). Former smokers are 53.7% (current: 31.6%, never: 10.5%). PD-L1 positivity prevalence is present in more than one third of the Lungscape cohort (1%/5% cut-offs). It doesn't differ between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell histologies, but is more frequently detected in higher stages, never smokers, larger tumors (1/5/25% cut-offs). With ≥1% cut-off it is significantly associated with IHC MET overexpression, expression of PTEN, EGFR and KRAS mutation (only for adenocarcinoma). Results for 5%, 25% and 50% cut-offs were similar, with MET being significantly associated with PD-L1 positivity both for AC (p < 0.001, 5%/25%/50% cut-offs) and SCC (p < 0.001, 5% & 50% cut-offs and p = 0.0017 for 25%). When adjusting for clinicopathological characteristics, a significant prognostic effect was identified in adenocarcinomas (adjusted p-values: 0.024/0.064/0.063 for RFS/TTR/OS 1% cut-off, analogous for 5%/25%, but not for 50%). Similar results obtained for the model including all histologies, but no effect was found for the squamous cell carcinomas. CONCLUSION PD-L1 positivity, when adjusted for clinicopathological characteristics, is associated with a better prognosis for non-metastatic adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Urania Dafni
- Froniter Science Foundation-Hellas & University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Arne Warth
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Center of Predicitve Predictive Molecular Medicine, CeSI, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sarawati Pokharel
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anne Marie Quinn
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Department of Histopathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Atilio Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joan Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graziano De Luca
- Center of Predicitve Predictive Molecular Medicine, CeSI, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Steven G Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Cheney
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Spasenija Savic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Martorell
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital of Heidelberg, and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Baas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Meldgaard
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Johan Vansteenkiste
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Geiger
- Translational Research Coordination, ETOP Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roswitha Kammler
- Translational Research Coordination, ETOP Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Stahel
- Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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The Reproducibility of the Immunohistochemical PD-L1 Testing in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicentric Italian Experience. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6832909. [PMID: 31111063 PMCID: PMC6487144 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6832909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An important harmonization effort was produced by the scientific community to standardize both the preanalytical and interpretative phases of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemical (IHC) testing in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This analysis is crucial for the selection of patients with advanced-stage tumors eligible for treatment with pembrolizumab and potentially with other anti-PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. This multicentric retrospective study evaluated the reproducibility of PD-L1 testing in the Italian scenario both for closed and open platforms. In the evaluation of the well-known gold-standard combinations (Agilent 22C3 PharmDx on Dako Autostainer versus Roche's Ventana SP263 on BenchMark), the results confirmed the literature data and showed complete overlapping between the two methods. With regard to the performances by using open platforms, the combination of 22C3 with Dako Omnis or Benchmark obtained good results basically, while the 28,8 clone seemed to be associated with worse scores.
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MHC Class 1 and PDL-1 Status of Primary Tumor and Lymph Node Metastatic Tumor Tissue in Gastric Cancers. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:4785098. [PMID: 30881447 PMCID: PMC6381579 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4785098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic gastric cancer is poor. Despite the use of VEGF-, EGFR-, and HER2-targeting agents, prognosis is still poor in advanced gastric cancer. Although cancer immunotherapy responds well in some patients, clinical use is limited due to unanswered patients. For this reason, it is necessary to know the characteristics of primary and metastatic cancer cells for patient selection for immunotherapy and additional criteria are required. MHC-1 downregulation is most frequently observed in the tumor escape mechanism of cancer cells from the immune system. MHC-1 downregulation with increased PDL-1 expression of cancer cells has an important role in immune escape. MHC-1 downregulation and PDL-1 expression have been shown in many types of cancers. However, there is no study on the status of MHC-1 and PDL-1 in primary and metastatic tumor tissue. In this study, MHC-1 and PDL-1 score in primary and metastatic tumor cells was evaluated in 43 gastric cancer patients with lymph node metastasis. According to our results, the primary tumor PDL-1 score was correlated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes (r = 0.258; p = 0.024) and primary tumor size (r = 0.341; p = 0.045). A similar correlation was found between the primary tumor PDL-1 score and the metastatic tumor PDL-1 score (r = 0.213; p = 0.015). In our study, MHC-1 was found to be higher in primary tumors than metastatic tumors, although not statistically significant (p = 0.054). The results of our study showed high MHC-1 and low PDL-1 expression in primary tumors and low MHC-1 and high PDL-1 expression in metastatic tumors. These results reveal different biological characteristics of primary and metastatic tumor cells.
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Laurie SA, Banerji S, Blais N, Brule S, Cheema PK, Cheung P, Daaboul N, Hao D, Hirsh V, Juergens R, Laskin J, Leighl N, MacRae R, Nicholas G, Roberge D, Rothenstein J, Stewart DJ, Tsao MS. Canadian consensus: oligoprogressive, pseudoprogressive, and oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Curr Oncol 2019; 26:e81-e93. [PMID: 30853813 PMCID: PMC6380642 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little evidence has been generated for how best to manage patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) presenting with rarer clinical scenarios, including oligometastases, oligoprogression, and pseudoprogression. In each of those scenarios, oncologists have to consider how best to balance efficacy with quality of life, while maximizing the duration of each line of therapy and ensuring that patients are still eligible for later options, including clinical trial enrolment. Methods An expert panel was convened to define the clinical questions. Using case-based presentations, consensus practice recommendations for each clinical scenario were generated through focused, evidence-based discussions. Results Treatment strategies and best-practice or consensus recommendations are presented, with areas of consensus and areas of uncertainty identified. Conclusions In each situation, treatment has to be tailored to suit the individual patient, but with the intent of extending and maximizing the use of each line of treatment, while keeping treatment options in reserve for later lines of therapy. Patient participation in clinical trials examining these issues should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Laurie
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - S Banerji
- Manitoba: Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, and Medical Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg
| | - N Blais
- Quebec: CHUM Cancer Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal (Blais); Centre intégré de cancérologie de la Montérégie, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne, and Université de Sherbrooke, Greenfield Park (Daaboul); Department of Oncology, McGill University, and Thoracic Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (Hirsh); Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (Roberge)
| | - S Brule
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - P K Cheema
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - P Cheung
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - N Daaboul
- Quebec: CHUM Cancer Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal (Blais); Centre intégré de cancérologie de la Montérégie, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne, and Université de Sherbrooke, Greenfield Park (Daaboul); Department of Oncology, McGill University, and Thoracic Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (Hirsh); Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (Roberge)
| | - D Hao
- Alberta: Tom Baker Cancer Centre and Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary
| | - V Hirsh
- Quebec: CHUM Cancer Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal (Blais); Centre intégré de cancérologie de la Montérégie, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne, and Université de Sherbrooke, Greenfield Park (Daaboul); Department of Oncology, McGill University, and Thoracic Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (Hirsh); Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (Roberge)
| | - R Juergens
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - J Laskin
- British Columbia: Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - N Leighl
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - R MacRae
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - G Nicholas
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - D Roberge
- Quebec: CHUM Cancer Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal (Blais); Centre intégré de cancérologie de la Montérégie, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne, and Université de Sherbrooke, Greenfield Park (Daaboul); Department of Oncology, McGill University, and Thoracic Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (Hirsh); Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (Roberge)
| | - J Rothenstein
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - D J Stewart
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
| | - M S Tsao
- Ontario: The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Laurie); Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Brule); University of Toronto, Toronto, and William Osler Health System, Brampton (Cheema); Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Cheung); McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton (Juergens); Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto (Leighl); University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa (MacRae); University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Nicholas); R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, and Queen's University, Kingston (Rothenstein); The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Stewart); University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and University of Toronto, Toronto (Tsao)
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Montana M, Garcia ME, Ausias N, Jeanpierre M, Meiffren M, Giorgi R, Vanelle P, Barlesi F. Efficacy and safety of nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study in clinical practice. J Chemother 2018; 31:90-94. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2018.1551753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Montana
- Oncopharma, AP-HM, Marseille, France
- UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Eve Garcia
- Oncologie multidisciplinaire et innovations thérapeutiques, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Roch Giorgi
- Hôpital de la Timone, Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication, APHM, Marseille, France
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Aix Marseille Univ, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, Marseille, France
- Service Central de la Qualité et de l’Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Oncologie multidisciplinaire et innovations thérapeutiques, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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31
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Juergens RA, Mariano C, Jolivet J, Finn N, Rothenstein J, Reaume MN, Faghih A, Labbé C, Owen S, Shepherd FA, Villeneuve J, Romeyer F, Pettersson F, Butts C. Real-world benefit of nivolumab in a Canadian non-small-cell lung cancer cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:384-392. [PMID: 30607113 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Nivolumab was the first immuno-oncology agent available for the treatment of lung cancer in Canada. In the present study, we evaluated the real-world benefit of nivolumab in Canadian patients with lung cancer. Methods Patients included in the cohort were identified from a registry of patients treated through expanded access to nivolumab before and after Health Canada approval. Demographics were collected from the application forms. Outcome data for the duration of treatment and survival were collected retrospectively. Results In contrast to the randomized clinical trial populations, our study cohort included patients who were older (median age: 66 years; range: 36-92 years) and who had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 (8.9%). Despite the poorer-prognosis cohort, median overall survival was 12.0 months, which is comparable to the survival demonstrated in the randomized phase iii trials of nivolumab in lung cancer. Median time to treatment discontinuation was 3.45 months and was similar for all patient subgroups, including poorer-prognosis groups such as those with a performance status of 2, those 75 years of age and older, and those with brain metastases. Conclusions Nivolumab given in a real-world clinical setting was associated with results similar to those reported in the phase iii clinical trial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Mariano
- Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, BC
| | - J Jolivet
- Recherche médicale Saint-Jérôme Inc., Saint-Jérôme, QC
| | - N Finn
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Dr-Georges-L.-Dumont, Moncton, NB
| | - J Rothenstein
- R.S. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Oshawa, ON
| | - M N Reaume
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON
| | - A Faghih
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON
| | - C Labbé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC
| | - S Owen
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | | | | | | | | | - C Butts
- Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB
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Cheng HW, Onder L, Cupovic J, Boesch M, Novkovic M, Pikor N, Tarantino I, Rodriguez R, Schneider T, Jochum W, Brutsche M, Ludewig B. CCL19-producing fibroblastic stromal cells restrain lung carcinoma growth by promoting local antitumor T-cell responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1257-1271.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin JJ, Chin E, Yeap BY, Ferris LA, Kamesan V, Lennes IT, Sequist LV, Heist RS, Mino-Kenudson M, Gainor JF, Shaw AT. Increased Hepatotoxicity Associated with Sequential Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor and Crizotinib Therapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:135-140. [PMID: 30205166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard therapies in advanced NSCLC. Although genotype-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors represent the standard of care for subsets of oncogene-driven NSCLC, patients may receive ICIs during their disease course. The impact of sequential ICI and tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy on the risk of hepatotoxicity has not been described. METHODS Patients with advanced ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)-driven, ROS1-driven, or MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET)-driven NSCLC treated with crizotinib, with or without preceding ICI therapy, were identified. The cumulative incidences of crizotinib-associated grade 3 or higher increases in transaminase level (per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0) were compared. RESULTS We identified 453 patients who had NSCLC with an oncogenic alteration in ALK receptor tyrosine kinase gene (ALK), ROS1, or MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase gene (MET) and were treated with crizotinib (11 with and 442 without prior ICI therapy). Among the 11 patients treated with an ICI followed by crizotinib, five (cumulative incidence 45.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.9-72.2]) experienced development of a grade 3 or 4 increase in alanine transaminase level and four (cumulative incidence 36.4% [95% CI: 10.0-64.2]) experienced development of a grade 3 or 4 increase in aspartate transaminase level. In comparison, among the 442 patients who received crizotinib only, a grade 3 or 4 increase in alanine transaminase level occurred in 34 patients (cumulative incidence 8.1% [95% CI: 5.7-11.0, p < 0.0001]) and a grade 3 or 4 increase in aspartate transaminase level occurred in 14 (cumulative incidence 3.4% [95% CI: 1.9-5.5, p < 0.0001]). There were no grade 5 transaminitis events. All cases of hepatotoxicity after sequential ICI and crizotinib use were reversible and nonfatal, and no case met the Hy's law criteria. CONCLUSIONS Sequential ICI and crizotinib treatment is associated with a significantly increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Careful consideration and monitoring for hepatotoxicity may be warranted in patients treated with crizotinib after ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Lin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Chin
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beow Y Yeap
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorin A Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vashine Kamesan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Inga T Lennes
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca S Heist
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Addeo A, Banna GL. PROS: should immunotherapy be incorporated in the treatment of oncogene-driven lung cancer? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:S283-S286. [PMID: 30393623 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.07.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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35
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Kwon D, Koh J, Kim S, Go H, Min HS, Kim YA, Kim DK, Jeon YK, Chung DH. Overexpression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, XBP1s and GRP78, predicts poor prognosis in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2018; 122:131-137. [PMID: 30032821 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with tumor development and progression via pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects. However, the clinicopathological implications of the ER stress pathway in non-small cell lung cancer remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to address these issues in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of two ER stress-related proteins, GRP78 and XBP1 spliced-form (XBP1s), was evaluated in pulmonary adenocarcinoma (pADC; n = 369) and squamous cell carcinoma (pSqCC; n = 246) using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Expression levels of GRP78 and XBP1s were significantly higher in pADCs and pSqCCs, respectively (both, P < 0.0001). In the pADC group, XBP1s expression was higher in patients with ALK translocation than in those with wild-type ALK, wild-type EGFR, or EGFR mutation (P < 0.005). No significant difference in GRP78 expression according to ALK or EGFR status was noted. pADC harboring high GRP78 expression exhibited an increased XBP1s expression (P = 0.0067). Higher XBP1s expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with pADC (P = 0.026) and in those with ALK translocation (P = 0.001). Higher GRP78 expression was associated with shorter DFS in patients with pADC (P = 0.029) and those with EGFR mutation (P = 0.005). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that high XBP1s expression was an independent predictor of poor DFS in pADC (P = 0.004, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.115), and that high GRP78 expression was an independent predictor of poor DFS in EGFR-mutated pADC (P = 0.007, HR = 2.168). Taken together, high expression of XBP1s or GRP78 was an independent poor prognostic factor in pADC (P = 0.002, HR = 2.403). CONCLUSION GRP78 and XBP1s are expressed variably in pADC, but their overexpression is associated with poor patient prognosis. The ER stress pathway may be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for pADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohee Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Hepatotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a histology study of seven cases in comparison with autoimmune hepatitis and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:965-973. [PMID: 29403081 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in various organs may be attributed to immune-mediated processes triggered by disrupted self-tolerance; however, it remains unclear whether they are similar or dissimilar to classic organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The present study aimed to compare clinicopathologic features between checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury and acutely presenting autoimmune hepatitis or idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. Seven patients treated with nivolumab (n = 5) or ipilimumab (n = 2) presented with liver dysfunction a median of 41 days (range 21-120) after the initiation of immunotherapy. All patients had elevated liver enzymes, whereas hyper-bilirubinemia was less common. None of the patients had antinuclear antibodies or IgG elevations. Stopping the immunotherapy and additional immunosuppression with corticosteroids normalized or decreased liver enzymes in all patients treated. Histologically, all biopsies showed predominantly lobular hepatitis with milder portal inflammation. Centrilobular confluent necrosis and plasmacytosis were observed in a single case, and were markedly less common and milder than those in autoimmune hepatitis (p = 0.017 and p < 0.001, respectively). Bile duct injury, micro-abscesses, and extramedullary hematopoiesis were also found in one case each. Immunostaining revealed the presence of large numbers of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, whereas CD20+ B cells and CD4+ T cells were fewer in checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury than in autoimmune hepatitis or drug-induced liver injury. In conclusion, liver injury caused by cancer immunotherapy shares some features with injury of autoimmune hepatitis; however, there are obvious differences between the two conditions. Checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury may represent an immune-mediated, less zone-selective hepatocyte necrosis not requiring the strong activation of helper T cells and immunoglobulin production.
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Tsao MS, Kerr KM, Kockx M, Beasley MB, Borczuk AC, Botling J, Bubendorf L, Chirieac L, Chen G, Chou TY, Chung JH, Dacic S, Lantuejoul S, Mino-Kenudson M, Moreira AL, Nicholson AG, Noguchi M, Pelosi G, Poleri C, Russell PA, Sauter J, Thunnissen E, Wistuba I, Yu H, Wynes MW, Pintilie M, Yatabe Y, Hirsch FR. PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry Comparability Study in Real-Life Clinical Samples: Results of Blueprint Phase 2 Project. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:1302-1311. [PMID: 29800747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Blueprint (BP) Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Immunohistochemistry Comparability Project is a pivotal academic/professional society and industrial collaboration to assess the feasibility of harmonizing the clinical use of five independently developed commercial PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assays. The goal of BP phase 2 (BP2) was to validate the results obtained in BP phase 1 by using real-world clinical lung cancer samples. METHODS BP2 were conducted using 81 lung cancer specimens of various histological and sample types, stained with all five trial-validated PD-L1 assays (22C3, 28-8, SP142, SP263, and 73-10); the slides were evaluated by an international panel of pathologists. BP2 also assessed the reliability of PD-L1 scoring by using digital images, and samples prepared for cytological examination. PD-L1 expression was assessed for percentage (tumor proportional score) of tumor cell (TC) and immune cell areas showing PD-L1 staining, with TCs scored continuously or categorically with the cutoffs used in checkpoint inhibitor trials. RESULTS The BP2 results showed highly comparable staining by the 22C3, 28-8 and SP263 assays; less sensitivity with the SP142 assay; and higher sensitivity with the 73-10 assay to detect PD-L1 expression on TCs. Glass slide and digital image scorings were highly concordant (Pearson correlation >0.96). There was very strong reliability among pathologists in TC PD-L1 scoring with all assays (overall intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.86-0.93), poor reliability in IC PD-L1 scoring (overall ICC = 0.18-0.19), and good agreement in assessing PD-L1 status on cytological cell block materials (ICC = 0.78-0.85). CONCLUSION BP2 consolidates the analytical evidence for interchangeability of the 22C3, 28-8, and SP263 assays and lower sensitivity of the SP142 assay for determining tumor proportion score on TCs and demonstrates greater sensitivity of the 73-10 assay compared with that of the other assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sound Tsao
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen University Medical School, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mary-Beth Beasley
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Pathologie, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucian Chirieac
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology and Respiratory Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam city, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andre L Moreira
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Pathology, New York, New York
| | - Andrew G Nicholson
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, and Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Gruppo, MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Poleri
- Office of Pathology Consultants, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jennifer Sauter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Yu
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Murry W Wynes
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, Colorado.
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Christopoulos P, Engel-Riedel W, Grohé C, Kropf-Sanchen C, von Pawel J, Gütz S, Kollmeier J, Eberhardt W, Ukena D, Baum V, Nimmrich I, Sieder C, Schnabel PA, Serke M, Thomas M. Everolimus with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line treatment for metastatic large-cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma: a multicenter phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1898-1902. [PMID: 28535181 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC) is a rare disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Neuroendocrine tumors frequently show overactivation of the mTOR pathway. Based on the good activity of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in different types of neuroendocrine tumors and the results of a previous phase I trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of everolimus in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as upfront treatment for patients with advanced LCNEC. Patients and methods In this prospective, multicenter phase II trial chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IV LCNEC received 5 mg everolimus daily combined with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 5 every 3 weeks for a maximum of four cycles followed by maintenance everolimus 5 mg daily until progression. Efficacy parameters were determined based on central radiologic assessment. Results Forty-nine patients with a mean age of 62 ±9 years and a predominance of male (71%) smokers (98%) were enrolled in 10 German centers. The overall response rate was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31%-60%), the disease control rate 74% (CI 59%-85%), the median progression-free survival 4.4 (CI 3.2-6) months and the median overall survival 9.9 (CI 6.9-11.7) months. The progression-free survival rate at 3 months (primary end point) was 76% (CI 64%-88%) according to Kaplan-Meier. Grade-3/4 toxicities occurred in 51% of patients and mainly consisted of general physical health deterioration (8%), cytopenias (24%), infections (10%) and gastrointestinal problems (8%). Typical everolimus-related adverse events, like stomatitis, rash and ocular problems occurred only in a minority of patients (<15%) and were exclusively of grade 1-2. Conclusion Everolimus in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel is an effective and well-tolerated first-line treatment for patients with metastatic LCNEC. Registered clinical trial numbers EudraCT number 2010-022273-34, NCT01317615.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - W Engel-Riedel
- Department of Pneumology, Lung Hospital Cologne Merheim, City of Cologne Municipal Hospitals, Cologne
| | - C Grohé
- Department of Pneumology, Protestant Lung Hospital, Berlin
| | - C Kropf-Sanchen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm
| | - J von Pawel
- Department of Pneumology, Asklepios Hospital Munich-Gauting
| | - S Gütz
- Department of Pneumology and Cardiology, Lutheran Deaconess' Hospital, Leipzig
| | - J Kollmeier
- Department of Pneumology, HELIOS Hospital Emil von Behring, Berlin
| | - W Eberhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology (Cancer Research), Ruhrlandclinic, University Hospital, Essen
| | - D Ukena
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Bremen-Ost, Bremen
| | - V Baum
- Business Unit Oncology, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg
| | - I Nimmrich
- Business Unit Oncology, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg
| | - C Sieder
- Business Unit Oncology, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg
| | - P A Schnabel
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Saarland, Homburg
| | - M Serke
- Department of Pneumology, Lung Hospital Hemer, Germany
| | - M Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
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Karamchandani DM, Chetty R. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced gastrointestinal and hepatic injury: pathologists' perspective. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:665-671. [PMID: 29703758 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are a relatively new class of 'miracle' dugs that have revolutionised the treatment and prognosis of some advanced-stage malignancies, and have increased the survival rates significantly. This class of drugs includes cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitors such as ipilimumab; programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitors such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab and avelumab; and programmed cell death protein ligand-1 inhibitors such as atezolizumab. These drugs stimulate the immune system by blocking the coinhibitory receptors on the T cells and lead to antitumoural response. However, a flip side of these novel drugs is immune-related adverse events (irAEs), secondary to immune-mediated process due to disrupted self-tolerance. The irAEs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract/liver may result in diarrhoea, colitis or hepatitis. An accurate diagnosis of CPI-induced colitis and/or hepatitis is essential for optimal patient management. As we anticipate greater use of these drugs in the future given the significant clinical response, pathologists need to be aware of the spectrum of histological findings that may be encountered in GI and/or liver biopsies received from these patients, as well as differentiate them from its histopathological mimics. This present review discusses the clinical features, detailed histopathological features, management and the differential diagnosis of the luminal GI and hepatic irAEs that may be encountered secondary to CPI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti M Karamchandani
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Runjan Chetty
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Lin JJ, Gainor JF. ATLANTIC: a sea change in immunotherapy for oncogene-driven lung cancer? Lancet Oncol 2018; 19:438-439. [PMID: 29545096 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Lin
- Center for Thoracic Cancers, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Center for Thoracic Cancers, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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41
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Heninger E, Krueger TEG, Thiede SM, Sperger JM, Byers BL, Kircher MR, Kosoff D, Yang B, Jarrard DF, McNeel DG, Lang JM. Inducible expression of cancer-testis antigens in human prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84359-84374. [PMID: 27769045 PMCID: PMC5341296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune tolerance to self-antigens can limit robust anti-tumor immune responses in the use of tumor vaccines. Expression of novel tumor associated antigens can improve immune recognition and lysis of tumor cells. The cancer-testis antigen (CTA) family of proteins has been hypothesized to be an ideal class of antigens due to tumor-restricted expression, a subset of which have been found to induce antibody responses in patients with prostate disease. We demonstrate that CTA expression is highly inducible in five different Prostate Cancer (PC) cell lines using a hypomethylating agent 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5AZA) and/or a histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589. These CTAs include NY-ESO1, multiple members of the MAGE and SSX families and NY-SAR35. A subset of CTAs is synergistically induced by the combination of 5AZA and LBH589. We developed an ex vivo organ culture using human PC biopsies for ex vivo drug treatments to evaluate these agents in clinical samples. These assays found significant induction of SSX2 in 9/9 distinct patient samples and NY-SAR35 in 7/9 samples. Further, we identify expression of SSX2 in circulating tumor cells (CTC) from patients with advanced PC. These results indicate that epigenetic modifying agents can induce expression of a broad range of neoantigens in human PC and may serve as a useful adjunctive therapy with novel tumor vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Heninger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timothy E G Krueger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stephanie M Thiede
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jamie M Sperger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Brianna L Byers
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Madison R Kircher
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David Kosoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David F Jarrard
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua M Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Grossi F, Genova C, Rijavec E, Barletta G, Biello F, Dal Bello MG, Meyer K, Roder J, Roder H, Grigorieva J. Prognostic role of the VeriStrat test in first line patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2018; 117:64-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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43
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Reck M, Taylor F, Penrod JR, DeRosa M, Morrissey L, Dastani H, Orsini L, Gralla RJ. Impact of Nivolumab versus Docetaxel on Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptoms in Patients with Advanced Squamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results from the CheckMate 017 Study. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:194-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kashima J, Okuma Y, Shimizuguchi R, Chiba K. Bile duct obstruction in a patient treated with nivolumab as second-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a case report. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:61-65. [PMID: 28913619 PMCID: PMC11028312 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are becoming a standard therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer in the advanced stage. As these ICIs become widely available in clinical practice, immune-related adverse effects will become more common. Here we report a patient with lung adenocarcinoma who was treated with nivolumab and developed obstruction because of biliary inflammation. A 63-year-old Japanese man having lung adenocarcinoma with pleural dissemination complained of epigastric pain on the fifth cycle of nivolumab. Computed tomography showed wall thickening at the lower part of the bile duct and cholecystitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was repeatedly performed for drainage and stenting of the bile duct. Biopsies did not show obvious malignancy. Laboratory data on day 85 demonstrated grade 3 elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase, transaminase, and amylase levels. We initiated high-dose oral prednisone, resulting in gradual improvement of symptoms and laboratory data. Follow-up magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated no progression of duct obstruction, which confirmed the absence of biliary malignancy. Combined with results from previous reports, nivolumab may cause extrahepatic cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Kashima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Honkomagome 3-18-22, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Honkomagome 3-18-22, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan.
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Nishi-Shimbashi 3-25-8, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Shimizuguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Honkomagome 3-18-22, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
| | - Kazuro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Honkomagome 3-18-22, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
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Abstract
Lung cancer treatment has considerably changed over the last few years: the identification of druggable oncogenic alterations and innovative immunotherapic approaches granted lung cancer patients the possibility of more efficient and less toxic therapeutic options than chemotherapy. Nowadays, lung squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) patients have the chance to benefit from novel treatment alternatives, including immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenic agents and, given positive trial results, from afatinib, a second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that irreversibly antagonizes ErbB family tyrosine kinase receptors. Considering the role of the ErbB-signaling cascade in lung SqCC, it is relevant to note that ErbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]) is overexpressed in 85% of non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), particularly in patients with squamous histology, and is associated with poor prognosis. For this reason, EGFR activity has been investigated as a therapeutic strategy in lung SqCC. Even taking into account statistically positive trial results, anti-EGFR approach still remains controversial in unselected/wild-type EGFR lung SqCC patients, as well as the optimal timing and sequencing of all available targeted therapies considering the approval of immunotherapeutic agents. This review analyzes current data about EGFR inhibition in lung SqCC with a specific focus on afatinib in order to elucidate available clinical evidence supporting EGFR targeting in this setting as well as a future management of advanced lung SqCCs in the context of new emerging immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vavalà
- ASL CN1, SC Oncologia, Ospedale Civile di Saluzzo, Saluzzo, Cuneo, Italy
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46
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Horn L, Spigel DR, Vokes EE, Holgado E, Ready N, Steins M, Poddubskaya E, Borghaei H, Felip E, Paz-Ares L, Pluzanski A, Reckamp KL, Burgio MA, Kohlhäeufl M, Waterhouse D, Barlesi F, Antonia S, Arrieta O, Fayette J, Crinò L, Rizvi N, Reck M, Hellmann MD, Geese WJ, Li A, Blackwood-Chirchir A, Healey D, Brahmer J, Eberhardt WEE. Nivolumab Versus Docetaxel in Previously Treated Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Two-Year Outcomes From Two Randomized, Open-Label, Phase III Trials (CheckMate 017 and CheckMate 057). J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:3924-3933. [PMID: 29023213 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.74.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nivolumab, a programmed death-1 inhibitor, prolonged overall survival compared with docetaxel in two independent phase III studies in previously treated patients with advanced squamous (CheckMate 017; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01642004) or nonsquamous (CheckMate 057; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01673867) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report updated results, including a pooled analysis of the two studies. Methods Patients with stage IIIB/IV squamous (N = 272) or nonsquamous (N = 582) NSCLC and disease progression during or after prior platinum-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks) or docetaxel (75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). Minimum follow-up for survival was 24.2 months. Results Two-year overall survival rates with nivolumab versus docetaxel were 23% (95% CI, 16% to 30%) versus 8% (95% CI, 4% to 13%) in squamous NSCLC and 29% (95% CI, 24% to 34%) versus 16% (95% CI, 12% to 20%) in nonsquamous NSCLC; relative reductions in the risk of death with nivolumab versus docetaxel remained similar to those reported in the primary analyses. Durable responses were observed with nivolumab; 10 (37%) of 27 confirmed responders with squamous NSCLC and 19 (34%) of 56 with nonsquamous NSCLC had ongoing responses after 2 years' minimum follow-up. No patient in either docetaxel group had an ongoing response. In the pooled analysis, the relative reduction in the risk of death with nivolumab versus docetaxel was 28% (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.84), and rates of treatment-related adverse events were lower with nivolumab than with docetaxel (any grade, 68% v 88%; grade 3 to 4, 10% v 55%). Conclusion Nivolumab provides long-term clinical benefit and a favorable tolerability profile compared with docetaxel in previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora Horn
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - David R Spigel
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Everett E Vokes
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Esther Holgado
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Neal Ready
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martin Steins
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elena Poddubskaya
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hossein Borghaei
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adam Pluzanski
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marco A Burgio
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martin Kohlhäeufl
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - David Waterhouse
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Scott Antonia
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jérôme Fayette
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Naiyer Rizvi
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martin Reck
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - William J Geese
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ang Li
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anne Blackwood-Chirchir
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Diane Healey
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Julie Brahmer
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wilfried E E Eberhardt
- Leora Horn, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; David R. Spigel, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN; Everett E. Vokes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Esther Holgado, Hospital De Madrid, Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid; Enriqueta Felip, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona; Luis Paz-Ares, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Neal Ready, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Martin Steins, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg; Martin Kohlhäeufl, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart; Martin Reck, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf; Wilfried E.E. Eberhardt, University Hospital and Ruhrlandclinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Elena Poddubskaya, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Hossein Borghaei, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Pluzanski, Centrum Onkologii-Instytut Im. Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie, Warsaw, Poland; Karen L. Reckamp, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Marco A. Burgio and Lucio Crinò, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy; David Waterhouse, Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/US Oncology, Cincinnati, OH; Fabrice Barlesi, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille; Jérôme Fayette, Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Scott Antonia, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Oscar Arrieta, Instituto Nacional De Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico; Naiyer Rizvi and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; William J. Geese, Ang Li, Anne Blackwood-Chirchir, and Diane Healey, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ; and Julie Brahmer, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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Brody R, Zhang Y, Ballas M, Siddiqui MK, Gupta P, Barker C, Midha A, Walker J. PD-L1 expression in advanced NSCLC: Insights into risk stratification and treatment selection from a systematic literature review. Lung Cancer 2017; 112:200-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sakakibara R, Inamura K, Tambo Y, Ninomiya H, Kitazono S, Yanagitani N, Horiike A, Ohyanagi F, Matsuura Y, Nakao M, Mun M, Okumura S, Inase N, Nishio M, Motoi N, Ishikawa Y. EBUS-TBNA as a Promising Method for the Evaluation of Tumor PD-L1 Expression in Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2017; 18:527-534.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Su Q, Sun Z, Zhang C, Hou Y, Cao B. PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies efficacy and safety versus docetaxel monotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients after first-line treatment option: systems assessment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59677-59689. [PMID: 28938671 PMCID: PMC5601767 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analysis was conducted to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of programmed cell death protein-1 or ligand-1 (PD-1 or PD-L1) antibodies versus docetaxel alone in advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in advanced NSCLC was also investigated. 5 eligible studies including 3579 patients were identified through comprehensive search of multiple databases. The results showed that pooled hazard ratios (HR) for overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.63-0.75; p < 0.001) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80-0.94; p < 0.001), between PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and docetaxel treatment arms, respectively. The pooled relative risk (RR) value for objective response rate (ORR) was 1.53, (95% CI: 1.16-2.01, p = 0.003). Further, subgroup analysis based on PD-L1 expression indicated that pooled HR for OS was significant with 0.66(95% CI: 0.59-0.74, p < 0.001) for PD-L1≥1%. However, PD-L1 < 1% had HR value of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67-0.93, p = 0.006). Our study concluded that advanced NSCLC patients benefited more with PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies than docetaxel in the second line treatment. PD-L1≥10% in tumor tissues is sufficient to show significant improvement in patient's outcome with PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies compared to docetaxel. Moreover, PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies treatment showed significant decrease in conventional chemotherapy adverse events, but increased immune-associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Center Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lee S, Eo W, Jeon H, Park S, Chae J. Prognostic Significance of Host-related Biomarkers for Survival in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:2974-2983. [PMID: 28928889 PMCID: PMC5604449 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study identified host-related prognostic biomarkers for survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS This study was based on the retrospective review of the medical records of 135 patients with pathologically confirmed advanced NSCLC. The host-related biomarkers assessed in this study that reflected patient condition included hemoglobin (Hb) levels; platelet (PLT), neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts; and ferritin concentrations. The overall survival (OS) was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using log-rank tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses of Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the prognostic impact for survival. RESULTS Of the enrolled patients, 91.1% had stage IV NSCLC, 42.2% had ECOG-PS scores of 2, and 57% had undergone multiple rounds of prior systemic therapy. The prognostic factors included low Hb concentration (men: Hb < 13 g/dL, women: Hb < 12 g/dL; p = 0.046), increased neutrophil count (> 7,700 cells/μL; p < 0.001), decreased lymphocyte count (≤ 1500 cells/μL; p = 0.011), increased monocyte count (> 800 cells/μL; p < 0.001), and high ferritin level (men: > 200 ng/mL, women: > 150 ng/mL; p < 0.001), which were associated with poor OS and increased hazard of mortality. The multivariate proportional hazards model revealed that lymphocyte count, monocyte count, and ferritin level were independent host-related prognostic biomarkers for survival. Increased monocyte count (HR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.64-6.04; p < 0.001) and high ferritin level (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.24-2.64; p = 0.002) were significantly associated with poor survival, whereas increased lymphocyte count (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.40-0.83; p = 0.004) showed prolonged survival. CONCLUSION Immune factors, such as lymphocyte and monocyte counts, as well as serum ferritin levels, are significant host-related prognostic biomarkers for survival with direct relevance to survival time in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyung Lee
- Depart of Clinical Oncology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Wankyu Eo
- Depart of Medical Oncology and Hematology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hyeonjin Jeon
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
| | - Sora Park
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jean Chae
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
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