1
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Sweeney EE, Sekhri P, Muniraj N, Chen J, Feng S, Terao J, Chin SJ, Schmidt DE, Bollard CM, Cruz CRY, Fernandes R. Photothermal Prussian blue nanoparticles generate potent multi-targeted tumor-specific T cells as an adoptive cell therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10639. [PMID: 38818122 PMCID: PMC11135148 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PBNP-PTT) is an effective tumor treatment capable of eliciting an antitumor immune response. Motivated by the ability of PBNP-PTT to potentiate endogenous immune responses, we recently demonstrated that PBNP-PTT could be used ex vivo to generate tumor-specific T cells against glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines as an adoptive T cell therapy (ATCT). In this study, we further developed this promising T cell development platform. First, we assessed the phenotype and function of T cells generated using PBNP-PTT. We observed that PBNP-PTT facilitated CD8+ T cell expansion from healthy donor PBMCs that secreted IFNγ and TNFα and upregulated CD107a in response to engagement with target U87 cells, suggesting specific antitumor T cell activation and degranulation. Further, CD8+ effector and effector memory T cell populations significantly expanded after co-culture with U87 cells, consistent with tumor-specific effector responses. In orthotopically implanted U87 GBM tumors in vivo, PBNP-PTT-derived T cells effectively reduced U87 tumor growth and generated long-term survival in >80% of tumor-bearing mice by Day 100, compared to 0% of mice treated with PBS, non-specific T cells, or T cells expanded from lysed U87 cells, demonstrating an enhanced antitumor efficacy of this ATCT platform. Finally, we tested the generalizability of our approach by generating T cells targeting medulloblastoma (D556), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), and acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell lines. The resulting T cells secreted IFNγ and exerted increased tumor-specific cytolytic function relative to controls, demonstrating the versatility of PBNP-PTT in generating tumor-specific T cells for ATCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Palak Sekhri
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Sally Feng
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- George Washington Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Joshua Terao
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Samantha J. Chin
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- George Washington Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Danielle E. Schmidt
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Conrad Russell Y. Cruz
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- George Washington Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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2
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Volaric AK, Saleem A, Younes SF, Zhao S, Natkunam Y. Epstein-Barr virus latency patterns in polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas in immunodeficiency settings: Diagnostic implications. Ann Diagn Pathol 2024; 70:152286. [PMID: 38447253 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is responsible for many B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) spanning subclinical infection to immunodeficiency-related neoplasms. EBV establishes a latent infection in the host B cell as defined histologically by the expression of EBV latent membrane proteins and nuclear antigens. Herein, we characterize the latency patterns of immunodeficiency-related neoplasms including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) and therapy-related LPD (formerly iatrogenic) with latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) and EBV nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA-2) immunohistochemistry. The latency pattern was correlated with immunodeficiency and dysregulation (IDD) status and time from transplant procedure. 38 cases of EBV+ PTLD in comparison to 27 cases of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising in either the therapy-related immunodeficiency setting (n = 12) or without an identified immunodeficiency (n = 15) were evaluated for EBV-encoded small RNAs by in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) and for LMP-1 and EBNA-2 by immunohistochemistry. A full spectrum of EBV latency patterns was observed across PTLD in contrast to CHL and DLBCL arising in the therapy-related immunodeficiency setting. Polymorphic-PTLD (12 of 16 cases, 75 %) and DLBCL-PTLD (9 of 11 cases, 82 %) showed the greatest proportion of cases with latency III pattern. Whereas, EBV+ CHL in an immunocompetent patient showed exclusively latency II pattern (13 of 13 cases, 100 %). The majority of EBV+ PTLD occurred by three years of transplant procedure date and were enriched for latency III pattern (21 of 22 cases, 95 %). Immunohistochemical identification of EBV latency by LMP-1 and EBNA-2 can help classify PTLD in comparison to other EBV+ B cell LPD and lymphomas arising in therapy-related immunodeficiency and non-immunodeficiency settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Volaric
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Atif Saleem
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sheren F Younes
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yasodha Natkunam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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3
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Kong IY, Giulino-Roth L. Targeting latent viral infection in EBV-associated lymphomas. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342455. [PMID: 38464537 PMCID: PMC10920267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the development of a significant subset of human lymphomas. As a herpes virus, EBV can transition between a lytic state which is required to establish infection and a latent state where a limited number of viral antigens are expressed which allows infected cells to escape immune surveillance. Three broad latency programs have been described which are defined by the expression of viral proteins RNA, with latency I being the most restrictive expressing only EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and latency III expressing the full panel of latent viral genes including the latent membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LMP1/2), and EBNA 2, 3, and leader protein (LP) which induce a robust T-cell response. The therapeutic use of EBV-specific T-cells has advanced the treatment of EBV-associated lymphoma, however this approach is only effective against EBV-associated lymphomas that express the latency II or III program. Latency I tumors such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) evade the host immune response to EBV and are resistant to EBV-specific T-cell therapies. Thus, strategies for inducing a switch from the latency I to the latency II or III program in EBV+ tumors are being investigated as mechanisms to sensitize tumors to T-cell mediated killing. Here, we review what is known about the establishment and regulation of latency in EBV infected B-cells, the role of EBV-specific T-cells in lymphoma, and strategies to convert latency I tumors to latency II/III.
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4
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Kelly KM, Friedberg JW. Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma in Adolescents and Young Adults. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:653-664. [PMID: 37983570 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) represents one of the more common cancers occurring in adolescent and young adults (AYAs) age 15-39 years. Despite a generally high cure rate, age-related differences in HL biology and the optimal therapeutic approaches including supportive care and risks for long-term adverse effects in the AYA population remain understudied. After an overview of HL epidemiology and biology in the AYA population, this review will cover frontline pediatric and adult treatment approaches. Recently completed and ongoing studies will foster harmonization of risk group definition and trial eligibility criteria across the AYA spectrum, enabling more rapid progress. In addition to treatment approaches, an evolving holistic care approach to AYA HL will result in enhanced understanding of unique challenges, and continued improved short- and long-term outcome for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center., Buffalo, NY
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY
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5
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Dang BTN, Kwon TK, Lee S, Jeong JH, Yook S. Nanoparticle-based immunoengineering strategies for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 365:773-800. [PMID: 38081328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a groundbreaking strategy that has revolutionized the field of oncology compared to other therapeutic strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. However, cancer complexity, tumor heterogeneity, and immune escape have become the main hurdles to the clinical application of immunotherapy. Moreover, conventional immunotherapies cause many harmful side effects owing to hyperreactivity in patients, long treatment durations and expensive cost. Nanotechnology is considered a transformative approach that enhances the potency of immunotherapy by capitalizing on the superior physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, creating highly targeted tissue delivery systems. These advantageous features include a substantial specific surface area, which enhances the interaction with the immune system. In addition, the capability to finely modify surface chemistry enables the achievement of controlled and sustained release properties. These advances have significantly increased the potential of immunotherapy, making it more powerful than ever before. In this review, we introduce recent nanocarriers for application in cancer immunotherapy based on strategies that target different main immune cells, including T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. We also provide an overview of the role and significance of nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Radhakrishnan VS, Longley J, Johnson PWM. Antibody based therapies in Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 122:102647. [PMID: 37988820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Multimodality treatment approaches, with systemic therapies at their core, have made Hodgkin Lymphoma a highly curable cancer. Unmet needs remain. Resistance to therapy manifested by refractory and relapsed disease, and treatment related short- and long-term morbidity are the key challenges. Patient outcomes have improved in the recent past with the advent of novel therapies and are borne out of a better understanding of the disease biology and translational medicine. Antibody based therapies, more broadly immunotherapies, are leading the change in the way we treat this disease. This review looks at the tumor antigen-directed immunotherapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors that are attempting to overcome the unmet challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jemma Longley
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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7
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Han J, Zhang B, Zheng S, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Mao K. The Progress and Prospects of Immune Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241231892. [PMID: 38433349 PMCID: PMC10913519 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241231892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell therapy as a revolutionary treatment modality, significantly transformed cancer care. It is a specialized form of immunotherapy that utilizes living immune cells as therapeutic reagents for the treatment of cancer. Unlike traditional drugs, cell therapies are considered "living drugs," and these products are currently customized and require advanced manufacturing techniques. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have received tremendous attention in the industry regarding the treatment of hematologic malignancies, their effectiveness in treating solid tumors is often restricted, leading to the emergence of alternative immune cell therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) cell therapy, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, and DC/CIK cell therapy are designed to use the body's natural defense mechanisms to target and eliminate cancer cells, and usually have fewer side effects or risks. On the other hand, cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell, T cell receptor (TCR)-T, chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK), or CAR-macrophages (CAR-M) typically utilize either autologous stem cells, allogeneic or xenogeneic cells, or genetically modified cells, which require higher levels of manipulation and are considered high risk. These high-risk cell therapies typically hold special characteristics in tumor targeting and signal transduction, triggering new anti-tumor immune responses. Recently, significant advances have been achieved in both basic and clinical researches on anti-tumor mechanisms, cell therapy product designs, and technological innovations. With swift technological integration and a high innovation landscape, key future development directions have emerged. To meet the demands of cell therapy technological advancements in treating cancer, we comprehensively and systematically investigate the technological innovation and clinical progress of immune cell therapies in this study. Based on the therapeutic mechanisms and methodological features of immune cell therapies, we analyzed the main technical advantages and clinical transformation risks associated with these therapies. We also analyzed and forecasted the application prospects, providing references for relevant enterprises with the necessary information to make informed decisions regarding their R&D direction selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Han
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Senyu Zheng
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Shanghai World Trade Organization Affairs Consultation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyun Mao
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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8
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Petersen SH, Al Badawy K, Hopkins R, Vu DL, Rahmani M, Maia SM, Connolly JE. A novel GPI-anchored dominant-negative TGF-β receptor II renders T cells unresponsive to TGF-β signaling. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100730. [PMID: 37829123 PMCID: PMC10565558 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by a wide range of cell types and is known for hampering the effectiveness of cancer immune cell therapeutic approaches. We have designed a novel construct containing the extracellular domain of the TGF-β receptor II linked to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor (GPI-ecto-TβRII) lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic signaling domain of TGF-β receptor II (TβRII). T cells transduced with lentivirus expressing the GPI-ecto-TβRII construct show 5 to 15 times higher membrane expression compared with a previously established dominant-negative receptor carrying a truncated signaling domain. GPI-ecto-TβRII expression renders T cells unresponsive to TGF-β-induced signaling seen by a lack of SMAD phosphorylation upon exogeneous TGF-β treatment. Transduced T cells continue to express high levels of IFNγ and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), among other cytokines, in the presence of TGF-β while cytokine expression in untransduced T cells is being markedly suppressed. Furthermore, T cells expressing GPI-ecto-TβRII constructs have been shown to efficiently capture and inactivate TGF-β from their environment. These results indicate the potential benefits of GPI-ecto-TβRII expressing cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dang L. Vu
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sonia M.P. Maia
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John E. Connolly
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Translational Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University Medical Center, Waco, TX, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Christofi P, Pantazi C, Psatha N, Sakellari I, Yannaki E, Papadopoulou A. Promises and Pitfalls of Next-Generation Treg Adoptive Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5877. [PMID: 38136421 PMCID: PMC10742252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are fundamental to maintaining immune homeostasis by inhibiting immune responses to self-antigens and preventing the excessive activation of the immune system. Their functions extend beyond immune surveillance and subpopulations of tissue-resident Treg cells can also facilitate tissue repair and homeostasis. The unique ability to regulate aberrant immune responses has generated the concept of harnessing Tregs as a new cellular immunotherapy approach for reshaping undesired immune reactions in autoimmune diseases and allo-responses in transplantation to ultimately re-establish tolerance. However, a number of issues limit the broad clinical applicability of Treg adoptive immunotherapy, including the lack of antigen specificity, heterogeneity within the Treg population, poor persistence, functional Treg impairment in disease states, and in vivo plasticity that results in the loss of suppressive function. Although the early-phase clinical trials of Treg cell therapy have shown the feasibility and tolerability of the approach in several conditions, its efficacy has remained questionable. Leveraging the smart tools and platforms that have been successfully developed for primary T cell engineering in cancer, the field has now shifted towards "next-generation" adoptive Treg immunotherapy, where genetically modified Treg products with improved characteristics are being generated, as regards antigen specificity, function, persistence, and immunogenicity. Here, we review the state of the art on Treg adoptive immunotherapy and progress beyond it, while critically evaluating the hurdles and opportunities towards the materialization of Tregs as a living drug therapy for various inflammation states and the broad clinical translation of Treg therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Christofi
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Pantazi
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Psatha
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Sakellari
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
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10
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Grover NS. The optimal management of relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: post-brentuximab and checkpoint inhibitor failure. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2023; 2023:510-518. [PMID: 38066906 PMCID: PMC10727015 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2023000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The treatment landscape of classical Hodgkin lymphoma has changed dramatically over the past decade. Relapsed and refractory mainstay therapeutics such as brentuximab vedotin (BV) and checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are being moved to earlier lines of therapy. However, the treatment of patients who progress after BV and CPI remains a challenge. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation still plays an important role in this patient population as the only current treatment approach with curative potential. Unfortunately, not all patients are transplant candidates, and many will still relapse afterward. Cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation may be used for symptom palliation or as a bridge to transplant. Targeted therapies, including the antibody drug conjugate, camidanlumab tesirine, and transcriptional agents such mammalian target of rapamycin and histone deacetylase inhibitors have shown some potential in patients with refractory disease. In addition, combination therapies with CPIs and novel agents may help overcome resistance to therapy. Clinical trials with cellular therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting CD30 and allogeneic natural killer cells combined with AFM13, a CD30/CD16a-bispecific antibody, have shown promising results. The availability of more therapeutic options for this patient population is eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S. Grover
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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11
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Münz C. Modulation of Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV)-Associated Cancers by Co-Infections. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5739. [PMID: 38136285 PMCID: PMC10741436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic and persistent Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is carried by more than 95% of the human adult population. While asymptomatic in most of these, EBV can cause a wide variety of malignancies of lymphoid or epithelial cell origin. Some of these are also associated with co-infections that either increase EBV-induced tumorigenesis or weaken its immune control. The respective pathogens include Kaposi-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Plasmodium falciparum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this review, I will discuss the respective tumor entities and possible mechanisms by which co-infections increase the EBV-associated cancer burden. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms could allow us to identify crucial features of EBV-associated malignancies and defects in their immune control. These could then be explored to develop therapies against the respective cancers by targeting EBV and/or the respective co-infections with pathogen-specific therapies or vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Katsin M, Dormeshkin D, Meleshko A, Migas A, Dubovik S, Konoplya N. CAR-T Cell Therapy for Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e971. [PMID: 38026793 PMCID: PMC10656097 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a malignancy characterized by the presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells within a complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite advances in conventional therapies, a subset of cHL patients experience relapse or refractory disease, necessitating the exploration of novel treatment strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the management of cHL, harnessing the power of genetically modified T cells to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. In this article, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of cHL, highlighting the key molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. Additionally, we discuss the rationale for the development of CAR-T cell therapy in cHL, focusing on the identification of suitable targets on HRS cells (such as CD30, CD123, LMP1, and LMP2A), clonotypic lymphoma initiating B cells (CD19, CD20), and cells within the TME (CD123, CD19, CD20) for CAR-T cell design. Furthermore, we explore various strategies employed to enhance the efficacy and safety of CAR-T cell therapies in the treatment of cHL. Finally, we present an overview of the results obtained from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapies in cHL, highlighting their potential as a promising therapeutic option. Collectively, this article provides a comprehensive review of the current understanding of cHL pathogenesis and the rationale for CAR-T cell therapy development, offering insights into the future directions of this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikalai Katsin
- Vitebsk Regional Clinical Cancer Centre, Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Dmitri Dormeshkin
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander Meleshko
- Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Simon Dubovik
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Natalya Konoplya
- N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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13
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Masel R, Roche ME, Martinez-Outschoorn U. Hodgkin Lymphoma: A disease shaped by the tumor micro- and macroenvironment. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2023; 36:101514. [PMID: 38092473 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2023.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TMicroE) and tumor macroenvironment (TMacroE) are defining features of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). They are of critical importance to clinicians since they explain the common signs and symptoms, allow us to classify these neoplasms, develop prognostic and predictive biomarkers, bioimaging and novel treatments. The TMicroE is defined by effects of cancer cells to their immediate surrounding and within the tumor. Effects of cancer cells at a distance or outside of the tumor define the TMacroE. Paraneoplastic syndromes are signs and symptoms due to effects of cancer at a distance or the TMacroE, which are not due to direct cancer cell infiltration. The most common paraneoplastic symptoms are B-symptoms, which manifest as fevers, chills, drenching night sweats, and/or weight loss. Less common paraneoplastic syndromes include those that affect the central nervous system, skin, kidney, and hematological autoimmune phenomena including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Paraneoplastic signs such as leukocytosis, lymphopenia, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia are prognostic biomarkers. The neoplastic cells in cHL are the Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells, which are preapoptotic germinal center B cells with a high mutational burden and almost universal genetic alterations at the 9p24.1 locus primarily through copy gain and amplification with strong activation of signaling via PD-L1, JAK-STAT, NFkB, and c-MYC. In the majority of cases of cHL over 95% of the tumor cells are non-neoplastic. In the TMicroE, HRS cells recruit and mold non-neoplastic cells vigorously via extracellular vesicles, chemokines, cytokines and growth factors such as CCL5, CCL17, IL6, and TGF-β to promote a feed-forward inflammatory loop, which drives cancer aggressiveness and anti-cancer immune evasion. Novel single cell profiling techniques provide critical information on the role in cHL of monocytes-macrophages, neutrophils, T helper, Tregs, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, eosinophils, mast cells and fibroblasts. Here, we summarize the effects of EBV on the TMicroE and TMacroE. In addition, how the metabolism of the TMicroE of cHL affects bioimaging and contributes to cancer aggressiveness is reviewed. Finally, we discuss how the TMicroE is being leveraged for risk adapted treatment strategies based on bioimaging results and novel immune therapies. In sum, it is clear that we cannot effectively manage patients with cHL without understanding the TMicroE and TMacroE and its clinical importance is expected to continue to grow rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Masel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University-Philadelphia, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University-Philadelphia, USA
| | - Megan E Roche
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University-Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University-Philadelphia, USA.
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14
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Giardino Torchia ML, Moody G. DIALing-up the preclinical characterization of gene-modified adoptive cellular immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264882. [PMID: 38090585 PMCID: PMC10713823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The preclinical characterization of gene modified adoptive cellular immunotherapy candidates for clinical development often requires the use of mouse models. Gene-modified lymphocytes (GML) incorporating chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and T-cell receptors (TCR) into immune effector cells require in vivo characterization of biological activity, mechanism of action, and preclinical safety. Typically, this characterization involves the assessment of dose-dependent, on-target, on-tumor activity in severely immunocompromised mice. While suitable for the purpose of evaluating T cell-expressed transgene function in a living host, this approach falls short in translating cellular therapy efficacy, safety, and persistence from preclinical models to humans. To comprehensively characterize cell therapy products in mice, we have developed a framework called "DIAL". This framework aims to enable an end-to-end understanding of genetically engineered cellular immunotherapies in vivo, from infusion to tumor clearance and long-term immunosurveillance. The acronym DIAL stands for Distribution, Infiltration, Accumulation, and Longevity, compartmentalizing the systemic attributes of gene-modified cellular therapy and providing a platform for optimization with the ultimate goal of improving therapeutic efficacy. This review will discuss both existent and emerging examples of DIAL characterization in mouse models, as well as opportunities for future development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Moody
- Cell Therapy Unit, Oncology Research, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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15
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Zanvit P, van Dyk D, Fazenbaker C, McGlinchey K, Luo W, Pezold JM, Meekin J, Chang CY, Carrasco RA, Breen S, Cheung CSF, Endlich-Frazier A, Clark B, Chu NJ, Vantellini A, Martin PL, Hoover CE, Riley K, Sweet SM, Chain D, Kim YJ, Tu E, Harder N, Phipps S, Damschroder M, Gilbreth RN, Cobbold M, Moody G, Bosco EE. Antitumor activity of AZD0754, a dnTGFβRII-armored, STEAP2-targeted CAR-T cell therapy, in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169655. [PMID: 37966111 PMCID: PMC10645390 DOI: 10.1172/jci169655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is generally considered an immunologically "cold" tumor type that is insensitive to immunotherapy. Targeting surface antigens on tumors through cellular therapy can induce a potent antitumor immune response to "heat up" the tumor microenvironment. However, many antigens expressed on prostate tumor cells are also found on normal tissues, potentially causing on-target, off-tumor toxicities and a suboptimal therapeutic index. Our studies revealed that six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-2 (STEAP2) was a prevalent prostate cancer antigen that displayed high, homogeneous cell surface expression across all stages of disease with limited distal normal tissue expression, making it ideal for therapeutic targeting. A multifaceted lead generation approach enabled development of an armored STEAP2 chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapeutic candidate, AZD0754. This CAR-T product was armored with a dominant-negative TGF-β type II receptor, bolstering its activity in the TGF-β-rich immunosuppressive environment of prostate cancer. AZD0754 demonstrated potent and specific cytotoxicity against antigen-expressing cells in vitro despite TGF-β-rich conditions. Further, AZD0754 enforced robust, dose-dependent in vivo efficacy in STEAP2-expressing cancer cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft mouse models, and exhibited encouraging preclinical safety. Together, these data underscore the therapeutic tractability of STEAP2 in prostate cancer as well as build confidence in the specificity, potency, and tolerability of this potentially first-in-class CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip L. Martin
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Clare E. Hoover
- Clinical Pathology Patient Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenesha Riley
- Clinical Pathology Patient Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steve M. Sweet
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - David Chain
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Yeoun Jin Kim
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Tu
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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16
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Massagué J, Sheppard D. TGF-β signaling in health and disease. Cell 2023; 186:4007-4037. [PMID: 37714133 PMCID: PMC10772989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity. TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury repair through coordinated effects on cell proliferation, phenotypic plasticity, migration, metabolic adaptation, and immune surveillance of multiple cell types in shared ecosystems. Defects of TGF-β signaling, particularly in epithelial cells, tissue fibroblasts, and immune cells, disrupt immune tolerance, promote inflammation, underlie the pathogenesis of fibrosis and cancer, and contribute to the resistance of these diseases to treatment. Here, we review how TGF-β coordinates multicellular response programs in health and disease and how this knowledge can be leveraged to develop treatments for diseases of the TGF-β system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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17
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Lorenzini T, Cadilha BL, Obeck H, Benmebarek MR, Märkl F, Michaelides S, Strzalkowski T, Briukhovetska D, Müller PJ, Nandi S, Winter P, Majed L, Grünmeier R, Seifert M, Rausch S, Feuchtinger T, Endres S, Kobold S. Rational design of PD-1-CD28 immunostimulatory fusion proteins for CAR T cell therapy. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:696-705. [PMID: 37400680 PMCID: PMC10421897 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many situations, the therapeutic efficacy of CAR T cells is limited due to immune suppression and poor persistence. Immunostimulatory fusion protein (IFP) constructs have been advanced as a tool to convert suppressive signals into stimulation and thus promote the persistence of T cells, but no universal IFP design has been established so far. We now took advantage of a PD-1-CD28 IFP as a clinically relevant structure to define key determinants of IFP activity. METHODS We compared different PD-1-CD28 IFP variants in a human leukemia model to assess the impact of distinctive design choices on CAR T cell performance in vitro and a xenograft mouse model. RESULTS We observed that IFP constructs that putatively exceed the extracellular length of PD-1 induce T-cell response without CAR target recognition, rendering them unsuitable for tumour-specific therapy. IFP variants with physiological PD-1 length ameliorated CAR T cell effector function and proliferation in response to PD-L1+ tumour cells in vitro and prolonged survival in vivo. Transmembrane or extracellular CD28 domains were found to be replaceable by corresponding PD-1 domains for in vivo efficacy. CONCLUSION PD-1-CD28 IFP constructs must mimic the physiological interaction of PD-1 with PD-L1 to retain selectivity and mediate CAR-conditional therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Lorenzini
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno L Cadilha
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Obeck
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Florian Märkl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanos Michaelides
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Thaddäus Strzalkowski
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Daria Briukhovetska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Jie Müller
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Sayantan Nandi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Pia Winter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Majed
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Grünmeier
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Seifert
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Rausch
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Feuchtinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dr. von Hauner University Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany.
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18
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Nixon BG, Gao S, Wang X, Li MO. TGFβ control of immune responses in cancer: a holistic immuno-oncology perspective. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:346-362. [PMID: 36380023 PMCID: PMC10634249 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system responds to cancer in two main ways. First, there are prewired responses involving myeloid cells, innate lymphocytes and innate-like adaptive lymphocytes that either reside in premalignant tissues or migrate directly to tumours, and second, there are antigen priming-dependent responses, in which adaptive lymphocytes are primed in secondary lymphoid organs before homing to tumours. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) - one of the most potent and pleiotropic regulatory cytokines - controls almost every stage of the tumour-elicited immune response, from leukocyte development in primary lymphoid organs to their priming in secondary lymphoid organs and their effector functions in the tumour itself. The complexity of TGFβ-regulated immune cell circuitries, as well as the contextual roles of TGFβ signalling in cancer cells and tumour stromal cells, necessitates the use of rigorous experimental systems that closely recapitulate human cancer, such as autochthonous tumour models, to uncover the underlying immunobiology. The diverse functions of TGFβ in healthy tissues further complicate the search for effective and safe cancer therapeutics targeting the TGFβ pathway. Here we discuss the contextual complexity of TGFβ signalling in tumour-elicited immune responses and explain how understanding this may guide the development of mechanism-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana G Nixon
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shengyu Gao
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Sweeney EE, Sekhri P, Telaraja D, Chen J, Chin SJ, Chiappinelli KB, Sanchez CE, Bollard CM, Cruz CRY, Fernandes R. Engineered tumor-specific T cells using immunostimulatory photothermal nanoparticles. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:S1465-3249(23)00094-4. [PMID: 37278683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive T cell therapy (ATCT) has been successful in treating hematological malignancies and is currently under investigation for solid-tumor therapy. In contrast to existing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell and/or antigen-specific T cell approaches, which require known targets, and responsive to the need for targeting a broad repertoire of antigens in solid tumors, we describe the first use of immunostimulatory photothermal nanoparticles to generate tumor-specific T cells. METHODS Specifically, we subject whole tumor cells to Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PBNP-PTT) before culturing with dendritic cells (DCs), and subsequent stimulation of T cells. This strategy differs from previous approaches using tumor cell lysates because we use nanoparticles to mediate thermal and immunogenic cell death in tumor cells, rendering them enhanced antigen sources. RESULTS In proof-of-concept studies using two glioblastoma (GBM) tumor cell lines, we first demonstrated that when PBNP-PTT was administered at a "thermal dose" targeted to induce the immunogenicity of U87 GBM cells, we effectively expanded U87-specific T cells. Further, we found that DCs cultured ex vivo with PBNP-PTT-treated U87 cells enabled 9- to 30-fold expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Upon co-culture with target U87 cells, these T cells secreted interferon-ɣ in a tumor-specific and dose-dependent manner (up to 647-fold over controls). Furthermore, T cells manufactured using PBNP-PTT ex vivo expansion elicited specific cytolytic activity against target U87 cells (donor-dependent 32-93% killing at an effector to target cell (E:T) ratio of 20:1) while sparing normal human astrocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same donors. In contrast, T cells generated using U87 cell lysates expanded only 6- to 24-fold and killed 2- to 3-fold less U87 target cells at matched E:T ratios compared with T cell products expanded using the PBNP-PTT approach. These results were reproducible even when a different GBM cell line (SNB19) was used, wherein the PBNP-PTT-mediated approach resulted in a 7- to 39-fold expansion of T cells, which elicited 25-66% killing of the SNB19 cells at an E:T ratio of 20:1, depending on the donor. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide proof-of-concept data supporting the use of PBNP-PTT to stimulate and expand tumor-specific T cells ex vivo for potential use as an adoptive T cell therapy approach for the treatment of patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Sweeney
- George Washington Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Palak Sekhri
- George Washington Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deepti Telaraja
- George Washington Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- George Washington Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samantha J Chin
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- George Washington Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carlos E Sanchez
- George Washington Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Russell Y Cruz
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- George Washington Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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20
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Atallah-Yunes SA, Salman O, Robertson MJ. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: Update on treatment and novel therapies. Br J Haematol 2023; 201:383-395. [PMID: 36946218 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is rare and heterogeneous lymphoid proliferations that occur as a result of immunosuppression following solid organ transplant (SOT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) with the majority being driven by EBV. Although some histologies are similar to lymphoid neoplasms seen in immunocompetent patients, treatment of PTLD may be different due to difference in pathobiology and higher risk of treatment complications. The most common treatment approach in SOT PTLD after failing immunosuppression reduction (RIS) takes into consideration a risk-stratified sequential algorithm with rituximab +/- chemotherapy based on phase 2 studies. In HSCT PTLD, RIS alone and chemotherapy are usually ineffective making rituximab +/- RIS as the gold standard of frontline treatment. In this review, we give an update on the treatment of PTLD beyond RIS. We highlight the most recent studies that attempted to incorporate more aggressive chemotherapy regimens and novel treatments into the traditional risk-stratified sequential approach. We also discuss the role of EBV-cytotoxic T lymphocytes in treatment of EBV-driven PTLD. Other novel agents with potential role in PTLD will be discussed in addition to the challenges that could arise with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology - Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Omar Salman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology - Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Lymphoma Program, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology - Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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21
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Quach DH, Lulla P, Rooney CM. Banking on virus-specific T cells to fulfill the need for off-the-shelf cell therapies. Blood 2023; 141:877-885. [PMID: 36574622 PMCID: PMC10023738 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptively transferred virus-specific T cells (VSTs) have shown remarkable safety and efficacy for the treatment of virus-associated diseases and malignancies in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, for whom VSTs are derived from the HSCT donor. Autologous VSTs have also shown promise for the treatment of virus-driven malignancies outside the HSCT setting. In both cases, VSTs are manufactured as patient-specific products, and the time required for procurement, manufacture, and release testing precludes their use in acutely ill patients. Further, Good Manufacturing Practices-compliant products are expensive, and failures are common in virus-naive HSCT donors and patient-derived VSTs that are rendered anergic by immunosuppressive tumors. Hence, highly characterized, banked VSTs (B-VSTs) that can be used for multiple unrelated recipients are highly desirable. The major challenges facing B-VSTs result from the inevitable mismatches in the highly polymorphic and immunogenic human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that present internally processed antigens to the T-cell receptor, leading to the requirement for partial HLA matching between the B-VST and recipient. HLA mismatches lead to rapid rejection of allogeneic T-cell products and graft-versus-host disease induced by alloreactive T cells in the infusion product. Here, we summarize the clinical outcomes to date of trials of B-VSTs used for the treatment of viral infections and malignancies and their potential as a platform for chimeric antigen receptors targeting nonviral tumors. We will highlight the properties of VSTs that make them attractive off-the-shelf cell therapies, as well as the challenges that must be overcome before they can become mainstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Quach
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Premal Lulla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cliona M. Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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22
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Pathogen-specific T Cells: Targeting Old Enemies and New Invaders in Transplantation and Beyond. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e809. [PMID: 36698615 PMCID: PMC9831191 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with virus-specific cytotoxic T cells (VSTs) has evolved over the last three decades as a strategy to rapidly restore virus-specific immunity to prevent or treat viral diseases after solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic cell-transplantation (allo-HCT). Since the early proof-of-principle studies demonstrating that seropositive donor-derived T cells, specific for the commonest pathogens post transplantation, namely cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and generated by time- and labor-intensive protocols, could effectively control viral infections, major breakthroughs have then streamlined the manufacturing process of pathogen-specific T cells (pSTs), broadened the breadth of target recognition to even include novel emerging pathogens and enabled off-the-shelf administration or pathogen-naive donor pST production. We herein review the journey of evolution of adoptive immunotherapy with nonengineered, natural pSTs against infections and virus-associated malignancies in the transplant setting and briefly touch upon recent achievements using pSTs outside this context.
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23
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Lulla PD, Brenner M. Emerging Challenges to Cellular Therapy of Cancer. Cancer J 2023; 29:20-27. [PMID: 36693154 PMCID: PMC9881841 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cellular immunotherapy of cancer in the form of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy has become a standard treatment for lymphoid and more recently plasma cell malignancies. Although their successes in these cancers represent a breakthrough for adoptive cell therapy, there are several challenges to their continued growth in the field of cancer medicine. In this review, we discuss the progress made thus far toward achieving "off-the-shelf" accessibility of cell therapies that has the potential to greatly offset the costs associated with the current practice of making patient-specific products. We also review the innovations under investigation that attempt to make cellular therapy applicable to solid tumors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premal D Lulla
- From the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
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24
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Hanel W, Herrera AF, Epperla N. Management of classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a look at up to date evidence and current treatment approaches. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:108. [PMID: 36575540 PMCID: PMC9793517 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has undergone significant changes over the past 20 years. Gradual improvements have been made in the management of cHL patients, particularly in prolonging the survival rate for those in the relapsed setting. Most of these improvements came with the addition of brentuximab vedotin and PD1 blockade (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) into the current cHL treatment algorithms. On the other hand, the treatment approach to cHL has become more complex than ever before, with multiple ways to add and sequence therapies to achieve long-term remission. In this review, we will discuss the most up-to-date evidence on the management of cHL patients with the inclusion of ongoing clinical trials in cHL. We will provide a general overview of the current therapeutic landscape of cHL in light of these most recent data. We conclude with our perspective on how the approach to cHL treatment may evolve in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Hanel
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Alex F. Herrera
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Narendranath Epperla
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,grid.413944.f0000 0001 0447 4797The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1110E Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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25
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Figura NB, Sim AJ, Jain MD, Chavez JC, Robinson TJ. Radiation therapy prior to CAR T-cell therapy in lymphoma: impact on patient outcomes. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:1023-1030. [PMID: 36369950 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2147919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment paradigm for patients with refractory or recurrent (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Nonetheless, most patients ultimately progress. The use of bridging or salvage radiotherapy (RT) in combination with CAR T-cell therapy has been proposed as potential strategies to improve patient outcomes, but consensus is currently lacking as to which, if either, approach is effective. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the immunologic and molecular mechanisms of resistance and the current retrospective data on patterns-of-failure, clinical risk factors, and treatment outcomes in patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy, with and without bridging or salvage RT. EXPERT OPINION We believe that current basic and clinical evidence supports the use of comprehensive, ablative bridging irradiation (CABI), as opposed to low-dose bridging or salvage radiotherapy, as a promising strategy to improve CAR T-cell therapy outcomes in patients with R/R DLBCL. This potential benefit is likely greatest in patients with high tumor burden and/or localized disease, who are both at elevated risk of local recurrence and can often be safely and comprehensively treated with ablative radiation doses (EQD2 > 39 Gy). Hypothesis-driven clinical trials are needed prospectively assess the impact of radiation on outcomes in patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Figura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Austin J Sim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael D Jain
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julio C Chavez
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Robinson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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26
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Motta CM, Keller MD, Bollard CM. Applications of Virus specific T cell Therapies Post BMT. Semin Hematol 2022; 60:10-19. [PMID: 37080705 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used as a curative standard of care for moderate to severe primary immunodeficiency disorders as well as relapsed hematologic malignancies for over 50 years [1,2]. However, chronic and refractory viral infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the immune deficient period following HSCT, where use of available antiviral pharmacotherapies is limited by toxicity and emerging resistance [3]. Adoptive immunotherapy using virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has been explored for over 2 decades [4,5] in patients post-HSCT and has been shown prior phase I-II studies to be safe and effective for treatment or preventions of viral infections including cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, BK virus, and adenovirus with minimal toxicity and low risk of graft vs host disease [6-9]. This review summarizes methodologies to generate VSTs the clinical results utilizing VST therapeutics and the challenges and future directions for the field.
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27
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Soldan SS, Messick TE, Lieberman PM. Therapeutic approaches to Epstein-Barr virus cancers. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 56:101260. [PMID: 36174496 PMCID: PMC11058316 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a lifelong latent infection that can be a causal agent for a diverse spectrum of cancers and autoimmune disease. A complex and dynamic viral lifecycle evades eradication by the host immune system and confounds antiviral therapeutic strategies. To date, there are no clinically approved vaccines or therapies that selectively target EBV as the underlying cause of EBV-associated disease. Here, we review the challenges and recent advances in the development of EBV-specific therapeutics for treatment of EBV-associated cancers.
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28
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Oh J, Xia X, Wong WKR, Wong SHD, Yuan W, Wang H, Lai CHN, Tian Y, Ho YP, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li G, Lin Y, Bian L. The Effect of the Nanoparticle Shape on T Cell Activation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107373. [PMID: 35297179 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of extracellular ligand nano-geometry in ex vivo T cell activation for immunotherapy remains elusive. Herein, the authors demonstrate large aspect ratio (AR) of gold nanorods (AuNRs) conjugated on cell culture substrate enhancing both murine and human T cell activation through the nanoscale anisotropic presentation of stimulatory ligands (anti-CD3(αCD3) and anti-CD28(αCD28) antibodies). AuNRs with large AR bearing αCD3 and αCD28 antibodies significantly promote T cell expansion and key cytokine secretion including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). High membrane tension observed in large AR AuNRs regulates actin filament and focal adhesion assembly and develops maturation-related morphological features in T cells such as membrane ruffle formation, cell spreading, and large T cell receptor (TCR) cluster formation. Anisotropic stimulatory ligand presentation promotes differentiation of naïve CD8+ T cells toward the effector phenotype inducing CD137 expression upon co-culture with human cervical carcinoma. The findings suggest the importance of manipulating extracellular ligand nano-geometry in optimizing T cell behaviors to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xingyu Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wai Ki Ricky Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weihao Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chun Him Nathanael Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Honglu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guang Dong, 518000, China
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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29
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Steffin DHM, Muhsen IN, Hill LC, Ramos CA, Ahmed N, Hegde M, Wang T, Wu M, Gottschalk S, Whittle SB, Lulla PD, Mamonkin M, Omer B, Rouce RH, Heczey A, Metelitsa LS, Grilley BJ, Robertson C, Torrano V, Lapteva N, Gee AP, Rooney CM, Brenner MK, Heslop HE. Long-term follow-up for the development of subsequent malignancies in patients treated with genetically modified IECs. Blood 2022; 140:16-24. [PMID: 35325065 PMCID: PMC9346960 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsequent malignancies are well-documented complications in long-term follow-up of cancer patients. Recently, genetically modified immune effector (IE) cells have shown benefit in hematologic malignancies and are being evaluated in clinical trials for solid tumors. Although the short-term complications of IE cells are well described, there is limited literature summarizing long-term follow-up, including subsequent malignancies. We retrospectively reviewed data from 340 patients treated across 27 investigator-initiated pediatric and adult clinical trials at our center. All patients received IE cells genetically modified with γ-retroviral vectors to treat relapsed and/or refractory hematologic or solid malignancies. In a cumulative 1027 years of long-term follow-up, 13 patients (3.8%) developed another cancer with a total of 16 events (4 hematologic malignancies and 12 solid tumors). The 5-year cumulative incidence of a first subsequent malignancy in the recipients of genetically modified IE cells was 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 1.8% to 6.4%). For 11 of the 16 subsequent tumors, biopsies were available, and no sample was transgene positive by polymerase chain reaction. Replication-competent retrovirus testing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was negative in the 13 patients with subsequent malignancies tested. Rates of subsequent malignancy were low and comparable to standard chemotherapy. These results suggest that the administration of IE cells genetically modified with γ retroviral vectors does not increase the risk for subsequent malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H M Steffin
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | - LaQuisa C Hill
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Carlos A Ramos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Meenakshi Hegde
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Tao Wang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and
| | - Mengfen Wu
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sarah B Whittle
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Premal D Lulla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Maksim Mamonkin
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Bilal Omer
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Rayne H Rouce
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Andras Heczey
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Bambi J Grilley
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Catherine Robertson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Virginia Torrano
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Natalia Lapteva
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Adrian P Gee
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Cliona M Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine-Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and
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30
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Chen X, Mirazee JM, Skorupka KA, Matsuo H, Youkharibache P, Taylor N, Walters KJ. The CD8α hinge is intrinsically disordered with a dynamic exchange that includes proline cis-trans isomerization. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 340:107234. [PMID: 35617919 PMCID: PMC9237829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
T cells engineered to express artificial chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that selectively target tumor-specific antigens or deleterious cell types offer transformative therapeutic possibilities. CARs contain an N-terminal extracellular antigen recognition domain, C-terminal intracellular signal transduction domains, and connecting hinge and transmembrane regions, each of which have been varied to optimize targeting and minimize toxicity. We find that a CD22-targeting CAR harboring a CD8α hinge (H) exhibits greater cytotoxicity against a low antigen density CD22+ leukemia as compared to an equivalent CAR with a CD28 H. We therefore studied the biophysical and dynamic properties of the CD8α H by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We find that a large region of the CD8α H undergoes dynamic chemical exchange between distinct and observable states. This exchanging region contains proline residues dispersed throughout the sequence that undergo cis-trans isomerization. Up to four signals of differing intensity are observed, with the most abundantly populated being intrinsically disordered and with all prolines in the trans isomerization state. The lesser populated states all contain cis prolines and evidence of local structural motifs. Altogether, our data suggest that the CD8α H lacks long-range structural order but has local structural motifs that transiently exchange with a dominant disordered state. We propose that structural plasticity and local structural motifs promoted by cis proline states within the CD8α H are important for relaying and amplifying antigen-binding effects to the transmembrane and signal transduction domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Justin M Mirazee
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; Johns Hopkins University Department of Biology, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Katarzyna A Skorupka
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hiroshi Matsuo
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Philippe Youkharibache
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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31
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Rossi F, Fredericks N, Snowden A, Allegrezza MJ, Moreno-Nieves UY. Next Generation Natural Killer Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886429. [PMID: 35720306 PMCID: PMC9202478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy for cancer has become mainstream with several products now authorized for therapeutic use in the clinic and are becoming the standard of care for some malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have demonstrated substantial efficacy for the treatment of hematological malignancies; however, they are complex and currently expensive to manufacture, and they can generate life-threatening adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The limitations of current CAR-T cells therapies have spurred an interest in alternative immunotherapy approaches with safer risk profiles and with less restrictive manufacturing constraints. Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of immune effector cells with potent anti-viral and anti-tumor activity; they have the capacity to swiftly recognize and kill cancer cells without the need of prior stimulation. Although NK cells are naturally equipped with cytotoxic potential, a growing body of evidence shows the added benefit of engineering them to better target tumor cells, persist longer in the host, and be fitter to resist the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME). NK-cell-based immunotherapies allow for the development of allogeneic off-the-shelf products, which have the potential to be less expensive and readily available for patients in need. In this review, we will focus on the advances in the development of engineering of NK cells for cancer immunotherapy. We will discuss the sourcing of NK cells, the technologies available to engineer NK cells, current clinical trials utilizing engineered NK cells, advances on the engineering of receptors adapted for NK cells, and stealth approaches to avoid recipient immune responses. We will conclude with comments regarding the next generation of NK cell products, i.e., armored NK cells with enhanced functionality, fitness, tumor-infiltration potential, and with the ability to overcome tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Rossi
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel Fredericks
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Snowden
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Michael J Allegrezza
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Uriel Y Moreno-Nieves
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
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32
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The generation and application of antigen-specific T cell therapies for cancer and viral-associated disease. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2130-2152. [PMID: 35149193 PMCID: PMC9171249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with antigen-specific T cells is a promising, targeted therapeutic option for patients with cancer as well as for immunocompromised patients with virus infections. In this review, we characterize and compare current manufacturing protocols for the generation of T cells specific to viral and non-viral tumor-associated antigens. Specifically, we discuss: (1) the different methodologies to expand virus-specific T cell and non-viral tumor-associated antigen-specific T cell products, (2) an overview of the immunological principles involved when developing such manufacturing protocols, and (3) proposed standardized methodologies for the generation of polyclonal, polyfunctional antigen-specific T cells irrespective of donor source. Ex vivo expanded cells have been safely administered to treat numerous patients with virus-associated malignancies, hematologic malignancies, and solid tumors. Hence, we have performed a comprehensive review of the clinical trial results evaluating the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of these products in the clinic. In summary, this review seeks to provide new insights regarding antigen-specific T cell technology to benefit a rapidly expanding T cell therapy field.
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33
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Wei F, Cheng XX, Xue JZ, Xue SA. Emerging Strategies in TCR-Engineered T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850358. [PMID: 35432319 PMCID: PMC9006933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of cancer has made tremendous progress in recent years, as demonstrated by the remarkable clinical responses obtained from adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of patient-derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CAR-T) and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells (TCR-T). TCR-T uses specific TCRS optimized for tumor engagement and can recognize epitopes derived from both cell-surface and intracellular targets, including tumor-associated antigens, cancer germline antigens, viral oncoproteins, and tumor-specific neoantigens (neoAgs) that are largely sequestered in the cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells. Moreover, as TCRS are naturally developed for sensitive antigen detection, they are able to recognize epitopes at far lower concentrations than required for CAR-T activation. Therefore, TCR-T holds great promise for the treatment of human cancers. In this focused review, we summarize basic, translational, and clinical insights into the challenges and opportunities of TCR-T. We review emerging strategies used in current ACT, point out limitations, and propose possible solutions. We highlight the importance of targeting tumor-specific neoAgs and outline a strategy of combining neoAg vaccines, checkpoint blockade therapy, and adoptive transfer of neoAg-specific TCR-T to produce a truly tumor-specific therapy, which is able to penetrate into solid tumors and resist the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We believe such a combination approach should lead to a significant improvement in cancer immunotherapies, especially for solid tumors, and may provide a general strategy for the eradication of multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Cheng
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
| | - John Zhao Xue
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
| | - Shao-An Xue
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
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34
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Li Q, Liu Y, Huang Z, Guo Y, Li Q. Triggering Immune System With Nanomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:878524. [PMID: 35497343 PMCID: PMC9046726 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.878524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of incidence rate and mortality worldwide. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has made great progress in the preclinical and clinical treatment of advanced malignant tumors. However, cancer patients will have transient cancer suppression reaction and serious immune related adverse reactions when receiving immunotherapy. In recent years, nanoparticle-based immunotherapy, which can accurately deliver immunogens, activate antigen presenting cells (APCs) and effector cells, provides a new insight to solve the above problems. In this review, we discuss the research progress of nanomaterials in immunotherapy including nanoparticle-based delivery systems, nanoparticle-based photothermal and photodynamic immunotherapy, nanovaccines, nanoparticle-based T cell cancer immunotherapy and nanoparticle-based bacteria cancer immunotherapy. We also put forward the current challenges and prospects of immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yajie Guo
- *Correspondence: Yajie Guo, ; Qingjiao Li,
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Alabanza LM, Xiong Y, Vu B, Webster B, Wu D, Hu P, Zhu Z, Dropulic B, Dash P, Schneider D. Armored BCMA CAR T Cells Eliminate Multiple Myeloma and Are Resistant to the Suppressive Effects of TGF-β. Front Immunol 2022; 13:832645. [PMID: 35222421 PMCID: PMC8863610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CAR T-cell therapies targeting the B-cell maturation antigen eliminate tumors in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients, however durable remissions remain difficult to attain. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine abundantly expressed in the multiple myeloma bone marrow niche, where it promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that BCMA CAR T-cells armored to resist the suppressive effects of TGF-β will provide an advantage in treating multiple myeloma. The armored B2ARM CAR T cells, co-expressing BCMA targeting CAR with TGF-β dominant-negative receptor II, were generated by lentiviral transduction of primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The B2ARM CAR T cells eliminated MM.1S multiple myeloma targets in long-term cytotoxicity assays, even under TGF-β-high conditions, whereas cytotoxic function of the non-armored B2 CAR -T cells was inhibited by TGF-β. Concordantly, after long-term exposure to targets in the presence of TGF-β, the B2ARM CAR T cells were enriched for Granzyme B, CD107a, Ki67 and polyfunctional cells T-cells (double or triple-positive for IFN-γ, IL-2 and/or TNF-α), as determined by flow cytometry. In addition, the B2ARM CAR T-cells, but not the conventional B2 CAR T-cells, resisted the TGF-β-mediated suppression of activation (CD25), exhaustion (PD-1, LAG3), and differentiation to T effectors (CD45RA+ CD45RO-CD62L-). In NSG mice bearing RPMI-8226 tumors overexpressing TGF-β, the B2ARM CAR mediated 100% tumor rejection and survival, superior infiltration of tumors on day 7 post CAR T treatment (%CD3+CAR+), and greater expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, Ki67, Granzyme B, and PD-1, as compared to tumor-infiltrating non-armored B2 CAR T-cells. In NSG RPMI-8226 xenograft model in which tumors were additionally supplemented with TGF-β injections on days -1 through 11 of CAR T treatment, the B2ARM CAR T cells rejected tumors faster than the non-armored B2 CARs, and showed greater numbers of CD3+ and CD3+CAR+, central memory (CD45RO+CD62L+) and effector memory (CD45RO+CD62L-) T cells in the peripheral blood 18 days after treatment. In summary, the armored B2ARM CAR T cells mediate superior persistence, proliferation, multi-functionality, effector differentiation and anti-tumor function in pre-clinical models of multiple myeloma, while abrogating TGF-β-mediated suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Alabanza
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ying Xiong
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Bang Vu
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Brian Webster
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Darong Wu
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Peirong Hu
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Boro Dropulic
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Pradyot Dash
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Dina Schneider
- Research and Development, Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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Narayan V, Barber-Rotenberg JS, Jung IY, Lacey SF, Rech AJ, Davis MM, Hwang WT, Lal P, Carpenter EL, Maude SL, Plesa G, Vapiwala N, Chew A, Moniak M, Sebro RA, Farwell MD, Marshall A, Gilmore J, Lledo L, Dengel K, Church SE, Hether TD, Xu J, Gohil M, Buckingham TH, Yee SS, Gonzalez VE, Kulikovskaya I, Chen F, Tian L, Tien K, Gladney W, Nobles CL, Raymond HE, Hexner EO, Siegel DL, Bushman FD, June CH, Fraietta JA, Haas NB. PSMA-targeting TGFβ-insensitive armored CAR T cells in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:724-734. [PMID: 35314843 PMCID: PMC10308799 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated promising efficacy, particularly in hematologic malignancies. One challenge regarding CAR T cells in solid tumors is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by high levels of multiple inhibitory factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. We report results from an in-human phase 1 trial of castration-resistant, prostate cancer-directed CAR T cells armored with a dominant-negative TGF-β receptor (NCT03089203). Primary endpoints were safety and feasibility, while secondary objectives included assessment of CAR T cell distribution, bioactivity and disease response. All prespecified endpoints were met. Eighteen patients enrolled, and 13 subjects received therapy across four dose levels. Five of the 13 patients developed grade ≥2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), including one patient who experienced a marked clonal CAR T cell expansion, >98% reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and death following grade 4 CRS with concurrent sepsis. Acute increases in inflammatory cytokines correlated with manageable high-grade CRS events. Three additional patients achieved a PSA reduction of ≥30%, with CAR T cell failure accompanied by upregulation of multiple TME-localized inhibitory molecules following adoptive cell transfer. CAR T cell kinetics revealed expansion in blood and tumor trafficking. Thus, clinical application of TGF-β-resistant CAR T cells is feasible and generally safe. Future studies should use superior multipronged approaches against the TME to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narayan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie S Barber-Rotenberg
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - In-Young Jung
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Rech
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan M Davis
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priti Lal
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shannon L Maude
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Plesa
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neha Vapiwala
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne Chew
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Moniak
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronnie A Sebro
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Farwell
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Marshall
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan Gilmore
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lester Lledo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karen Dengel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jun Xu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mercy Gohil
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas H Buckingham
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie S Yee
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa E Gonzalez
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irina Kulikovskaya
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Tien
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Whitney Gladney
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher L Nobles
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hayley E Raymond
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Hexner
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald L Siegel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Naomi B Haas
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Meier JA, Savoldo B, Grover NS. The Emerging Role of CAR T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020197. [PMID: 35207685 PMCID: PMC8877886 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has evolved considerably from the time it was originally described in the 19th century with many patients now being cured with frontline therapy. Despite these advances, upwards of 10% of patients experience progressive disease after initial therapy with an even higher percentage relapsing. Until recently there had been limited therapeutic options for relapsed and/or refractory HL outside of highly intensive chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of HL, coupled with the emergence of more targeted therapeutics, has reshaped how we view the treatment of relapsed/refractory HL and its prognosis. With this, there has been an increased focus on immunotherapies that can reprogram the immune system to better overcome the immunosuppressive milieu found in HL for improved cancer cell killing. In particular, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are emerging as a valuable therapeutic tool in this area. Building on the success of antibody-drug conjugates directed against CD30, CAR T cells engineered to recognize the same antigen are now reaching patients. Though still in its infancy, CAR T therapy for relapsed/refractory HL has shown exceptional promise in early-stage clinical trials with the potential for durable responses even in patients who had progressed through multiple lines of prior therapy. Here we will review currently available data on the use of CAR T cells in HL, strategies to optimize their effectiveness, and how this therapy may fit into the treatment paradigm of HL going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Meier
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.M.); (B.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.M.); (B.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie S. Grover
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.M.); (B.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence:
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Dave H, Terpilowski M, Mai M, Toner K, Grant M, Stanojevic M, Lazarski C, Shibli A, Bien SA, Maglo P, Hoq F, Schore R, Glenn M, Hu B, Hanley PJ, Ambinder R, Bollard CM. Tumor-associated antigen-specific T cells with nivolumab are safe and persist in vivo in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv 2022; 6:473-485. [PMID: 34495306 PMCID: PMC8791594 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) Reed Sternberg cells express tumor-associated antigens (TAA) that are potential targets for cellular therapies. We recently demonstrated that TAA-specific T cells (TAA-Ts) targeting WT1, PRAME, and Survivin were safe and associated with prolonged time to progression in solid tumors. Hence, we evaluated whether TAA-Ts when given alone or with nivolumab were safe and could elicit antitumor effects in vivo in patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) HL. Ten patients were infused with TAA-Ts (8 autologous and 2 allogeneic) for active HL (n = 8) or as adjuvant therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (n = 2). Six patients received nivolumab priming before TAA-Ts and continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. All 10 products recognized 1 or more TAAs and were polyfunctional. Patients were monitored for safety for 6 weeks after the TAA-Ts and for response until disease progression. The infusions were safe with no clear dose-limiting toxicities. Patients receiving TAA-Ts as adjuvant therapy remain in continued remission at 3+ years. Of the 8 patients with active disease, 1 patient had a complete response and 7 had stable disease at 3 months, 3 of whom remain with stable disease at 1 year. Antigen spreading and long-term persistence of TAA-Ts in vivo were observed in responding patients. Nivolumab priming impacted TAA-T recognition and persistence. In conclusion, treatment of patients with r/r HL with TAA-Ts alone or in combination with nivolumab was safe and produced promising results. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT022039303 and #NCT03843294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Dave
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Madeline Terpilowski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Mimi Mai
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Keri Toner
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Melanie Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Maja Stanojevic
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Christopher Lazarski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Abeer Shibli
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | | | - Philip Maglo
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Fahmida Hoq
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Reuven Schore
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Martha Glenn
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Boyu Hu
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Patrick J. Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | | | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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Ni Q, Xu F, Wang Y, Li Y, Qing G, Zhang Y, Zhong J, Li J, Liang XJ. Nanomaterials with changeable physicochemical property for boosting cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 342:210-227. [PMID: 34998916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a great progress in cancer immunotherapy with the sequential approvals of therapeutic cancer vaccine, immune checkpoint inhibitor and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. However, some hurdles still remain to the wide implementation of cancer immunotherapy, including low immune response, complex tumor heterogeneity, off-target immunotoxicity, poor solid tumor infiltration, and immune evasion-induced treatment tolerance. Owing to changeable physicochemical properties in response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, nanomaterials hold the remarkable potential in incorporation of multiple agents, efficient biological barrier penetration, precise immunomodulator delivery, and controllable content release for boosting cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we review the recent advances in nanomaterials with changeable physicochemical property (NCPP) to develop cancer vaccine, remold tumor microenvironment and evoke direct T cell activation. Besides, we provide our outlook on this emerging field at the intersection of NCPP design and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Ni
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengfei Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangchao Qing
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zur RT, Adler G, Shamalov K, Tal Y, Ankri C, Cohen CJ. Adoptive T-cell Immunotherapy: Perfecting Self-Defenses. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:253-294. [PMID: 35165867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of the immune system, T lymphocytes exhibit undoubtedly an important role in targeting and eradicating cancer. However, despite these characteristics, their natural antitumor response may be insufficient. Numerous clinical trials in terminally ill cancer patients testing the design of novel and efficient immunotherapeutic approaches based on the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-specific T lymphocytes have shown encouraging results. Moreover, this also led to the approval of engineered T-cell therapies in patients. Herein, we will expand on the development and the use of such strategies using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically engineered T-cells. We will also comment on the requirements and potential hurdles encountered when elaborating and implementing such treatments as well as the exciting prospects for this kind of emerging personalized medicine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Toledano Zur
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galit Adler
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Katerina Shamalov
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yair Tal
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Chen Ankri
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Cyrille J Cohen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Silk JD, Abbott RJM, Adams KJ, Bennett AD, Brett S, Cornforth TV, Crossland KL, Figueroa DJ, Jing J, O'Connor C, Pachnio A, Patasic L, Peredo CE, Quattrini A, Quinn LL, Rust AG, Saini M, Sanderson JP, Steiner D, Tavano B, Viswanathan P, Wiedermann GE, Wong R, Jakobsen BK, Britten CM, Gerry AB, Brewer JE. Engineering Cancer Antigen-Specific T Cells to Overcome the Immunosuppressive Effects of TGF-β. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:169-180. [PMID: 34853077 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy with T cells expressing affinity-enhanced TCRs has shown promising results in phase 1/2 clinical trials for solid and hematological tumors. However, depth and durability of responses to adoptive T cell therapy can suffer from an inhibitory tumor microenvironment. A common immune-suppressive agent is TGF-β, which is secreted by tumor cells and cells recruited to the tumor. We investigated whether human T cells could be engineered to be resistant to inhibition by TGF-β. Truncating the intracellular signaling domain from TGF-β receptor (TGFβR) II produces a dominant-negative receptor (dnTGFβRII) that dimerizes with endogenous TGFβRI to form a receptor that can bind TGF-β but cannot signal. We previously generated specific peptide enhanced affinity receptor TCRs recognizing the HLA-A*02-restricted peptides New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1)157-165/l-Ag family member-1A (TCR: GSK3377794, formerly NY-ESO-1c259) and melanoma Ag gene A10254-262 (TCR: ADP-A2M10, formerly melanoma Ag gene A10c796). In this article, we show that exogenous TGF-β inhibited in vitro proliferation and effector functions of human T cells expressing these first-generation high-affinity TCRs, whereas inhibition was reduced or abolished in the case of second-generation TCRs coexpressed with dnTGFβRII (e.g., GSK3845097). TGF-β isoforms and a panel of TGF-β-associated genes are overexpressed in a range of cancer indications in which NY-ESO-1 is commonly expressed, particularly in synovial sarcoma. As an example, immunohistochemistry/RNAscope identified TGF-β-positive cells close to T cells in tumor nests and stroma, which had low frequencies of cells expressing IFN-γ in a non-small cell lung cancer setting. Coexpression of dnTGFβRII may therefore improve the efficacy of TCR-transduced T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Brett
- Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage Herts, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - David J Figueroa
- Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage Herts, United Kingdom; and
| | - Junping Jing
- Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage Herts, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Lea Patasic
- Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage Herts, United Kingdom; and
| | - Carlos E Peredo
- Cell and Gene Therapy Product Development and Supply, Analytical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA
| | | | - Laura L Quinn
- Adaptimmune Ltd., Milton Park, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair G Rust
- Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage Herts, United Kingdom; and
| | - Manoj Saini
- Adaptimmune Ltd., Milton Park, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dylan Steiner
- Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage Herts, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Wong
- Adaptimmune Ltd., Milton Park, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cedrik M Britten
- Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage Herts, United Kingdom; and
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling controls multiple cell fate decisions during development and tissue homeostasis; hence, dysregulation of this pathway can drive several diseases, including cancer. Here we discuss the influence that TGFβ exerts on the composition and behaviour of different cell populations present in the tumour immune microenvironment, and the context-dependent functions of this cytokine in suppressing or promoting cancer. During homeostasis, TGFβ controls inflammatory responses triggered by exposure to the outside milieu in barrier tissues. Lack of TGFβ exacerbates inflammation, leading to tissue damage and cellular transformation. In contrast, as tumours progress, they leverage TGFβ to drive an unrestrained wound-healing programme in cancer-associated fibroblasts, as well as to suppress the adaptive immune system and the innate immune system. In consonance with this key role in reprogramming the tumour microenvironment, emerging data demonstrate that TGFβ-inhibitory therapies can restore cancer immunity. Indeed, this approach can synergize with other immunotherapies - including immune checkpoint blockade - to unleash robust antitumour immune responses in preclinical cancer models. Despite initial challenges in clinical translation, these findings have sparked the development of multiple therapeutic strategies that inhibit the TGFβ pathway, many of which are currently in clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele V F Tauriello
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elena Sancho
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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43
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Münz C. Co-Stimulatory Molecules during Immune Control of Epstein Barr Virus Infection. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010038. [PMID: 35053187 PMCID: PMC8774114 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is one of the prominent human tumor viruses, and it is efficiently immune-controlled in most virus carriers. Cytotoxic lymphocytes strongly expand during symptomatic primary EBV infection and in preclinical in vivo models of this tumor virus infection. In these models and patients with primary immunodeficiencies, antibody blockade or deficiencies in certain molecular pathways lead to EBV-associated pathologies. In addition to T, NK, and NKT cell development, as well as their cytotoxic machinery, a set of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules was found to be required for EBV-specific immune control. The role of CD27/CD70, 4-1BB, SLAMs, NKG2D, CD16A/CD2, CTLA-4, and PD-1 will be discussed in this review. Some of these have just been recently identified as crucial for EBV-specific immune control, and for others, their important functions during protection were characterized in in vivo models of EBV infection and its immune control. These insights into the phenotype of cytotoxic lymphocytes that mediate the near-perfect immune control of EBV-associated malignancies might also guide immunotherapies against other tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Department of Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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Epperla N, Hamadani M. Double-refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: tackling relapse after brentuximab vedotin and checkpoint inhibitors. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2021; 2021:247-253. [PMID: 34889401 PMCID: PMC8791097 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2021000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The approval of brentuximab vedotin (BV) and checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) has revolutionized the management of relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients. In recent years these agents have rapidly moved to earlier lines of therapy, including post-autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (auto-HCT) consolidation, pre-HCT salvage, and the frontline treatment setting. This shift in practice means that double-refractory (refractory to both BV and CPI) cHL is becoming an increasingly common clinical problem. In patients who are not eligible for clinical trials, conventional cytotoxic and targeted therapies (off label) may be a potential option. In patients who are transplant eligible, early referral to allogeneic HCT should be considered given the significant improvement in transplant outcomes in the contemporary era. Cellular therapy options including CD30.chimeric antigen receptor T cells, Epstein-Barr virus-directed cytotoxic T cells, and CD16A/30 bispecific natural killer cell engagers appear promising and are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendranath Epperla
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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45
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Cai J, Zhang B, Li Y, Zhu W, Akihisa T, Li W, Kikuchi T, Liu W, Feng F, Zhang J. Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccines: Major Scientific Obstacles, Historical Progress, and Future Direction. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111290. [PMID: 34835222 PMCID: PMC8623587 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of adults worldwide and is associated with various malignant tumors and immune diseases, imparting a huge disease burden on the human population. Available EBV vaccines are imminent. Prophylactic vaccines can effectively prevent the spread of infection, whereas therapeutic vaccines mainly stimulate cell-mediated immunity and kill infected cells, thus curbing the development of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, there are still no approved EBV vaccines after decades of effort. The complexity of the EBV life cycle, the lack of appropriate animal models, and the limited reports on adjuvant selection and immune responses are gravely impeding progress in EBV vaccines. The soluble gp350 vaccine could reduce the incidence of infectious mononucleosis (IM), which seemed to offer hope, but could not prevent EBV infection. Continuous research and vaccine trials provide deep insights into the structural biology of viruses, the designs for immunogenicity, and the evolving vaccine platforms. Moreover, the new vaccine candidates are expected to achieve further success via combined immunization to elicit both a dual protection of B cells and epithelial cells, and sustainable immunization against infected cells at several phases of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (J.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Bodou Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (J.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Yuqi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (J.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Wanfang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Toshihiro Akihisa
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (J.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.A.); (F.F.)
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (W.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (W.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (J.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.A.); (F.F.)
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (J.C.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.A.); (F.F.)
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, China
- Correspondence:
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46
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Abstract
Although CAR T-cell therapy is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, the development of adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has not accelerated at a similar pace. Adoptive T-cell therapy with Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD30 CAR T cells have demonstrated significant clinical responses in early clinical trials of patients with cHL. Additionally, CD19 and CD123 CAR T cells that target the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in cHL have also been investigated. Here we discuss the landscape of clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy for patients with cHL with a view toward current challenges and novel strategies to improve the development of CAR T-cell therapy for cHL.
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47
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Morales E, Olson M, Iglesias F, Luetkens T, Atanackovic D. Targeting the tumor microenvironment of Ewing sarcoma. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1439-1451. [PMID: 34670399 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive tumor type with an age peak in adolescence. Despite the use of dose-intensified chemotherapy as well as radiation and surgery for local control, patients with upfront metastatic disease or relapsed disease have a dismal prognosis, highlighting the need for additional therapeutic options. Different types of immunotherapies have been investigated with only very limited clinical success, which may be due to the presence of immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment. Here we provide an overview on different factors contributing to Ewing sarcoma immune escape. We demonstrate ways to target these factors in order to make current and future immunotherapies more effective and achieve deeper and more durable responses in patients with Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Morales
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Michael Olson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Hematology & Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah/Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Fiorella Iglesias
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tim Luetkens
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine & Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine & Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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48
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Noh KE, Lee JH, Choi SY, Jung NC, Nam JH, Oh JS, Song JY, Seo HG, Wang Y, Lee HS, Lim DS. TGF-β/IL-7 Chimeric Switch Receptor-Expressing CAR-T Cells Inhibit Recurrence of CD19-Positive B Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168706. [PMID: 34445415 PMCID: PMC8395772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are effective in the treatment of hematologic malignancies but have shown limited efficacy against solid tumors. Here, we demonstrated an approach to inhibit recurrence of B cell lymphoma by co-expressing both a human anti-CD19-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) CAR (CD19 CAR) and a TGF-β/IL-7 chimeric switch receptor (tTRII-I7R) in T cells (CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells). The tTRII-I7R was designed to convert immunosuppressive TGF-β signaling into immune-activating IL-7 signaling. The effect of TGF-β on CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells was assessed by western blotting. Target-specific killing by CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells was evaluated by Eu-TDA assay. Daudi tumor-bearing NSG (NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ-/-) mice were treated with CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells to analyze the in vivo anti-tumor effect. In vitro, CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells had a lower level of phosphorylated SMAD2 and a higher level of target-specific cytotoxicity than controls in the presence of rhTGF-β1. In the animal model, the overall survival and recurrence-free survival of mice that received CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cells were significantly longer than in control mice. These findings strongly suggest that CD19 CAR-tTRII-I7R-T cell therapy provides a new strategy for long-lasting, TGF-β-resistant anti-tumor effects against B cell lymphoma, which may lead ultimately to increased clinical efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interleukin-7/genetics
- Interleukin-7/metabolism
- K562 Cells
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Single-Chain Antibodies/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Eun Noh
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Pharos Vaccine Inc., 14 Galmachiro, 288 Bun-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam 13201, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (N.-C.J.); (H.S.L.)
| | - So-Yeon Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Nam-Chul Jung
- Pharos Vaccine Inc., 14 Galmachiro, 288 Bun-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam 13201, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (N.-C.J.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Ji-Hee Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Ji-Soo Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Yu Wang
- Immunotech Applied Science Ltd., Beijing 100176, China;
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Pharos Vaccine Inc., 14 Galmachiro, 288 Bun-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam 13201, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (N.-C.J.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (K.-E.N.); (S.-Y.C.); (J.-H.N.); (J.-S.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-2770-4777
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49
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Kim WS, Oki Y, Kim SJ, Yoon SE, Ardeshna KM, Lin Y, Ruan J, Porcu P, Brammer JE, Jacobsen ED, Yoon DH, Suh C, Suarez F, Radford J, Budde LE, Kim JS, Bachy E, Lee HJ, Bollard CM, Jaccard A, Kang HJ, Inman S, Murray M, Combs KE, Lee DY, Advani R, Gunter KC, Rooney CM, Heslop HE. Autologous EBV-specific T cell treatment results in sustained responses in patients with advanced extranodal NK/T lymphoma: results of a multicenter study. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:2529-2539. [PMID: 34304287 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a phase II clinical trial to develop an autologous EBV-specific T cell product (baltaleucel T) for advanced, relapsed ENKTL. Among 47 patients who provided whole blood starting material for manufacturing the product, 15 patients received a median of 4 doses of baltaleucel T. Thirty-two (68%) patients did not receive baltaleucel-T due to manufacturing failure, rapid disease progression, and death. Of the 15 patients, 10 patients had measurable disease at baseline (salvage cohort), and 5 patients had no disease at baseline assessment (adjuvant cohort). In the 15 patients, the median follow-up duration was 10.2 months (range 2.0-23.5 months), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.9 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached. Patients in the salvage cohort achieved a 30% complete response (CR) and a 50% overall response rate (ORR). In the adjuvant cohort, disease progression was reported in three patients and two patients did not relapse during study follow-up. When we compared survival outcomes of seven responders and eight non-responders, the PFS (P = 0.001) and OS (P = 0.014) of responders proved statistically superior to that of non-responders. Baltaleucel-T was well tolerated. We have performed a phase II clinical trial of autologous EBV-specific T cell treatment (baltaleucel-T) in R/R ENKTL. Autologous EBV-specific T cells were well tolerated and demonstrated single-agent activity in R/R ENTKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Yoon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Yi Lin
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jia Ruan
- Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan E Brammer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric D Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dok Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheolwon Suh
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Felipe Suarez
- Hématologie Adulte, Hôpital Universitaire Necker, Paris, France
| | - John Radford
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lihua E Budde
- Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Emmanuel Bachy
- Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon 1 University, Sud Hospital, Pierre Benite, Lyon, France
| | - Hun Ju Lee
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research and The George Washington Cancer Center, Children's National Hospital and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Arnaud Jaccard
- Department of Hematology and National Referral Center for AL Amyloidosis, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Y Lee
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Cliona M Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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50
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Therapeutic targeting of TGF-β in cancer: hacking a master switch of immune suppression. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:35-52. [PMID: 33399850 PMCID: PMC7796313 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers may escape elimination by the host immune system by rewiring the tumour microenvironment towards an immune suppressive state. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a secreted multifunctional cytokine that strongly regulates the activity of immune cells while, in parallel, can promote malignant features such as cancer cell invasion and migration, angiogenesis, and the emergence of cancer-associated fibroblasts. TGF-β is abundantly expressed in cancers and, most often, its abundance associated with poor clinical outcomes. Immunotherapeutic strategies, particularly T cell checkpoint blockade therapies, so far, only produce clinical benefit in a minority of cancer patients. The inhibition of TGF-β activity is a promising approach to increase the efficacy of T cell checkpoint blockade therapies. In this review, we briefly outline the immunoregulatory functions of TGF-β in physiological and malignant contexts. We then deliberate on how the therapeutic targeting of TGF-β may lead to a broadened applicability and success of state-of-the-art immunotherapies.
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