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Ji T, Li X, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu Q, Zhang J, Sun N, Liu Z, Liu Y, Wang S, Ni X. Clinical Characteristics of Children with Nasal BCOR-Rearranged Ewing-like Sarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:548-553. [PMID: 36198487 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221132392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing-like sarcomas (ELS) are round cell mesenchymal neoplasms that are highly aggressive to bone and/or soft tissue. However, they rarely occur in the nose, with no reported such cases in the medical literature to date. Here, we reported the case of a two-year-old Chinese boy who presented with a mass in the left nasal cavity. Surprisingly, the final histopathological diagnosis of the nasal mass was determined to be a subtype of ELS, BCOR-rearranged sarcoma. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of this case and reviewed the relevant literature on ELS and BCOR-rearranged sarcoma. The purpose of this article is to provide new insights into the clinical characteristics of children with BCOR-rearranged Ewing-like sarcoma and to improve the understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengcai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cristalli C, Scotlandi K. Targeting DNA Methylation Machinery in Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cells 2024; 13:1209. [PMID: 39056791 PMCID: PMC11275080 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic regulatory mechanism that plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes, including the regulation of cell fate during development, maintenance of cell identity, and genome stability. DNA methylation is tightly regulated by enzymatic reactions and its deregulation plays an important role in the development of cancer. Specific DNA methylation alterations have been found in pediatric solid tumors, providing new insights into the development of these tumors. In addition, DNA methylation profiles have greatly contributed to tune the diagnosis of pediatric solid tumors and to define subgroups of patients with different risks of progression, leading to the reduction in unwanted toxicity and the improvement of treatment efficacy. This review highlights the dysregulated DNA methylome in pediatric solid tumors and how this information provides promising targets for epigenetic therapies, particularly inhibitors of DNMT enzymes (DNMTis). Opportunities and limitations are considered, including the ability of DNMTis to induce viral mimicry and immune signaling by tumors. Besides intrinsic action against cancer cells, DNMTis have the potential to sensitize immune-cold tumors to immunotherapies and may represent a remarkable option to improve the treatment of challenging pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cristalli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Czarnecka AM, Chmiel P, Błoński P, Rutkowski P. Establishing biomarkers for soft tissue sarcomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:407-421. [PMID: 38682679 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2346187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare and diverse group of tumors. Curative options are limited to localized disease, with surgery being the mainstay. Advanced stages are associated with a poor prognosis. Currently, the prognosis of the patient is based on histological classification and clinical characteristics, with only a few biomarkers having entered clinical practice. AREAS COVERED This article covers extensive recent research that has established novel potential biomarkers based on genomics, proteomics, and clinical characteristics. Validating and incorporating these biomarkers into clinical practice can improve prognosis, prediction of recurrence, and treatment response. Relevant literature was collected from PubMed, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov databases (November 2023). EXPERT OPINION Currently, defining prognostic markers in soft tissue sarcomas remains challenging. More studies are required, especially to personalize treatment through advanced genetic profiling and analysis using individual tumor and patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Chmiel
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Medical Faculty, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Medical Faculty, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Hofvander J, Qiu A, Lee K, Bilenky M, Carles A, Cao Q, Moksa M, Steif J, Su E, Sotiriou A, Goytain A, Hill LA, Singer S, Andrulis IL, Wunder JS, Mertens F, Banito A, Jones KB, Underhill TM, Nielsen TO, Hirst M. Synovial Sarcoma Chromatin Dynamics Reveal a Continuum in SS18:SSX Reprograming. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594262. [PMID: 38798672 PMCID: PMC11118320 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SyS) is an aggressive soft-tissue malignancy characterized by a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation leading to the formation of the SS18::SSX fusion oncoprotein. SS18::SSX associates with mammalian BAF complexes suggesting deregulation of chromatin architecture as the oncogenic driver in this tumour type. To examine the epigenomic state of SyS we performed comprehensive multi-omics analysis on 52 primary pre-treatment human SyS tumours. Our analysis revealed a continuum of epigenomic states across the cohort at fusion target genes independent of rare somatic genetic lesions. We identify cell-of-origin signatures defined by enhancer states and reveal unexpected relationships between H2AK119Ub1 and active marks. The number of bivalent promoters, dually marked by the repressive H3K27me3 and activating H3K4me3 marks, has strong prognostic value and outperforms tumor grade in predicting patient outcome. Finally, we identify SyS defining epigenomic features including H3K4me3 expansion associated with striking promoter DNA hypomethylation in which SyS displays the lowest mean methylation level of any sarcoma subtype. We explore these distinctive features as potential vulnerabilities in SyS and identify H3K4me3 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofvander
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alvin Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kiera Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Annaïck Carles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michelle Moksa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jonathan Steif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Edmund Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Afroditi Sotiriou
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, Germany
- Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Goytain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lesley A Hill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sam Singer
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- University Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Lunefeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Banito
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, Germany
- Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
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Baelen J, Dewaele B, Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, Schöffski P, Hompes D, Sinnaeve F, Wafa H, Vanden Bempt I. Optical Genome Mapping for Comprehensive Cytogenetic Analysis of Soft-Tissue and Bone Tumors for Diagnostic Purposes. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:374-386. [PMID: 38395407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue and bone tumors represent a heterogeneous group of tumors encompassing more than 100 histologic subtypes today. Identifying genetic aberrations increasingly is important in these tumors for accurate diagnosis. Although gene mutations typically are detected by second-generation sequencing, the identification of structural variants (SVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs) remains challenging and requires various cytogenetic techniques including karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and arrays, each with important limitations. Optical Genome Mapping (OGM), a non-sequencing-based technique for high-resolution detection of SVs and CNAs, was applied in a retrospective series of diagnostic soft-tissue and bone tumor samples. Sample preparation was successful in 38 of 53 cases, with the highest success rate in nonadipocytic soft-tissue tumors (24 of 27 cases; 89%). In 32 of 35 cases carrying a diagnostic SV or CNA, OGM identified the aberration (91%), including a POU2AF3::EWSR1 fusion in a round cell sarcoma and a translocation t(1;5)(p22;p15) in a myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma. Interestingly, OGM shed light on the genomic complexity underlying the various aberrations. In five samples, OGM showed that chains of rearrangements generated the diagnostic fusion, three of which involved chromoplexy. In addition, in nine samples, chromothripsis was causal to the formation of giant marker/ring/double-minute chromosomes. Finally, compared with standard-of-care cytogenetics, OGM revealed additional aberrations, requiring further investigation of their potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Baelen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Barbara Dewaele
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raphael Sciot
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daphne Hompes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Friedl Sinnaeve
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hazem Wafa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vanden Bempt
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abu-Hijlih R, Sharaf B, Salah S, Bani Hani H, Alqaisieh M, Alzibdeh A, Ababneh L, Mahafdah S, Abdel-Razeq H. Germline Genetic Mutations in Adult Patients with Sarcoma: Insight into the Middle East Genetic Landscape. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1668. [PMID: 38730621 PMCID: PMC11083501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Data on germline mutations in soft tissue and bone sarcomas are scarce. We sought to identify the prevalence of germline mutations in adult sarcoma patients treated at a tertiary cancer center. Newly diagnosed patients were offered germline genetic testing via an 84-gene panel. The prevalence of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) and their association with disease-, and patient- related factors are reported. A total of 87 patients were enrolled, the median age was 48 (19-78) years, and 47 (54%) were females. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (n = 12, 13.8%), liposarcoma (n = 10, 11.5%), and Ewing sarcoma (n = 10, 11.5%) were the main subtypes. A total of 20 PGVs were detected in 18 (20.7%) patients. Variants of uncertain significance, in the absence of PGVs, were detected in 40 (45.9%) patients. Young age (p = 0.031), presence of a second primary cancer (p = 0.019), and female gender (p = 0.042) were correlated with the presence of PGVs. All identified PGVs have potential clinical actionability and cascade testing, and eight (44.44%) suggested eligibility for a targeted therapy. Almost one in five adult patients with soft tissue and bone sarcomas harbor pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. Many of these variants are potentially actionable, and almost all have implications on cancer screening and family counselling. In this cohort from the Middle East, younger age, presence of a second primary tumor, and female gender were significantly associated with higher PGVs rates. Larger studies able to correlate treatment outcomes with genetic variants are highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiz Abu-Hijlih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (R.A.-H.); (A.A.)
| | - Baha Sharaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (B.S.); (S.S.); (H.B.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Samer Salah
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (B.S.); (S.S.); (H.B.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Hira Bani Hani
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (B.S.); (S.S.); (H.B.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Alqaisieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (B.S.); (S.S.); (H.B.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdulla Alzibdeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (R.A.-H.); (A.A.)
| | - Layan Ababneh
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Suleiman Mahafdah
- Department of Surgery, Royal Jordanian Medical Services, Amman 11855, Jordan;
| | - Hikmat Abdel-Razeq
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (B.S.); (S.S.); (H.B.H.); (M.A.)
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Li W, Liu L, Liang Z, Lai H, Wu J, Zhang H, Fang C. Efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced or metastatic sarcomas after prior chemotherapy: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37423. [PMID: 38489731 PMCID: PMC10939701 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoma is a heterogeneous malignancy arising from interstitial tissue. Anthracycline-based therapy is the first-line treatment recommended by guidelines for patients with locally advanced or metastatic unresectable sarcoma. Recently, targeted therapies, in particular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have made significant progress in the treatment of sarcoma, and their efficacy has been investigated in randomized controlled trials. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of TKIs in patients with advanced or metastatic sarcoma who have previously received chemotherapy. METHODS We completed a meta-analysis after conducting literature searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. The single-drug, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled clinical trials of TKIs in patients with advanced or progressive sarcoma who have previously received chemotherapy are available for inclusion in the study. The observation results were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The subgroup analysis was performed according to histological subtypes of sarcoma. RESULTS This study included 6 studies, including 1033 patients. The ORR (OR: 7.99, 95% CI: 3.62-19.61, P < .00001), DCR (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.27-5.08, P = .009), PFS (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.34-0.62, P < .00001), and OS (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.96, P = .02) of patients treated with TKIs were better than those in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with advanced sarcoma, TKIs have been shown to have advantages in terms of ORR, DCR and PFS and OS. Multi-targeted TKIs may be considered as one of the second-line treatment options for sarcoma patients who have received prior chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanpeng Liang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqin Lai
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huatang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Cantu Fang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
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Xu W, Huang Y, Lei Z, Zhou J. miR-939-3p induces sarcoma proliferation and poor prognosis via suppressing BATF2. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1346531. [PMID: 38420020 PMCID: PMC10899471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1346531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, in which oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation are involved. Accumulated studies suggested basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 2 (BATF2) as a candidate tumor suppressor, but its specific role and mechanism in sarcoma remain unclear. Methods The expression levels of BATF2 and miR-939-3p were evaluated by using human sarcoma samples, cell lines and xenograft mouse models. Bioinformatics analysis, qPCR, Western blot, cell proliferation assay, overexpression plasmid construction, point mutation and dual luciferase reporter assay were utilized to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-939-3p in sarcoma. Results In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of BATF2 was downregulated in human sarcoma tissues and cell lines. The downregulation of BATF2 was negatively associated with the prognosis of sarcoma patients. Subsequent bioinformatic prediction and experimental validations showed that BATF2 expression was reduced by microRNA (miR)-939-3p mimic and increased by miR-939-3p inhibitor. Additionally, miR-939-3p was upregulated in sarcoma tissues and cells, correlating with a poor prognosis of sarcoma patients. Moreover, miR-939-3p overexpression suppressed sarcoma cell proliferation, which was significantly attenuated by the restoration of BATF2, while siRNA-mediated knockdown of BATF2 aggravated the miR-939-3p-induced promotion of sarcoma cell proliferation. Further computational algorithms and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-939-3p repressed BATF2 expression via directly binding to its 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Conclusion Collectively, these findings identified miR-939-3p as a novel regulator of BATF2, as well as a prognostic biomarker in sarcoma, and revealed that suppressing miR-939-3p or inducing BATF2 expression may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwen Xu
- Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Wang J, Wang G, Hu T, Wang H, Zhou Y. Identification of an ADME-related gene for forecasting the prognosis and responding to immunotherapy in sarcomas. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:45. [PMID: 38212774 PMCID: PMC10782529 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
There are more than 170 subtypes of sarcomas (SARC), which pose a challenge for diagnosis and patient management. Relatively simple or complex karyotypes play an indispensable role in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of SARC. The genes related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug can serve as prognostic biomarkers of cancer and potential drug targets. In this study, a risk score signature was created. The SARC cohort was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and divided into high-risk group and low-risk group according to the median value of risk score. Compared with high-risk group, low-risk group has a longer survival time, which is also verified in osteosarcoma cohort from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. In addition, the relationship between the signature and immunophenotypes, including status of immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression, was explored. Then, we found that high-risk group is in immunosuppressive status. Finally, we verified that PPARD played a role as a carcinogen in osteosarcoma, which provided a direction for targeted treatment of osteosarcoma in the future. Generally speaking, the signature can not only help clinicians predict the prognosis of patients with SARC, but also provide a theoretical basis for developing more effective targeted drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Tianrui Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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10
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Wang Z, He A, Lu Z, Xu W, Wu G, Peng T. Predicting prognosis and immune status in sarcomas by identifying necroptosis-related lncRNAs. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:493-517. [PMID: 38194709 PMCID: PMC10817413 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas are a type of highly heterogeneous malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal tissues. Necroptosis is intricately connected to the oncogenesis and progression of tumors. The main goal of this research is to assess the prognostic value of necroptosis-related lncRNAs (NRlncRNAs) in sarcomas and to develop a risk model based on NRlncRNAs to evaluate prognostic and immune status of the sarcomas. METHODS We screened NRlncRNAs using the gene co-expression network, developed a prognostic risk model of sarcomas, and then verified the model. Following that, various bioinformatics analysis algorithms were employed to analyze the distinct characteristics of patients of the risk model. Furthermore, the function and regulatory mechanism of NRlncRNA SNHG6 in sarcomas were investigated through osteosarcoma cell experiments, such as qRT-PCR, Western blot, CCK-8, clone formation, and transwell assay. RESULTS We successfully developed a NRlncRNAs-related prognostic risk model and screened 5 prognosis-related NRlncRNAs, with SNGH6 being the most significant for prognosis of patients. According to results, the significant differences exist in prognosis, clinical characteristics, and tumor immune status among patients of the risk model. The experiments of osteosarcoma cells demonstrated that NRlncRNA SNHG6 knockdown significantly attenuated the cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion. qRT-PCR and WB results showed that SNHG6 regulated AXL and AKT signaling. CONCLUSIONS We have developed an innovative investigation on NRlncRNAs, which can serve as a reference for diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of sarcomas. Additionally, we demonstrated that NRlncRNA SNHG6 regulated AXL and AKT signaling in osteosarcoma cells and the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Anfang He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingsheng Peng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
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11
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Elkin R, Oh JH, Dela Cruz F, Norton L, Deasy JO, Kung AL, Tannenbaum AR. Dynamic network curvature analysis of gene expression reveals novel potential therapeutic targets in sarcoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:488. [PMID: 38177639 PMCID: PMC10766622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Network properties account for the complex relationship between genes, making it easier to identify complex patterns in their interactions. In this work, we leveraged these network properties for dual purposes. First, we clustered pediatric sarcoma tumors using network information flow as a similarity metric, computed by the Wasserstein distance. We demonstrate that this approach yields the best concordance with histological subtypes, validated against three state-of-the-art methods. Second, to identify molecular targets that would be missed by more conventional methods of analysis, we applied a novel unsupervised method to cluster gene interactomes represented as networks in pediatric sarcoma. RNA-Seq data were mapped to protein-level interactomes to construct weighted networks that were then subjected to a non-Euclidean, multi-scale geometric approach centered on a discrete notion of curvature. This provides a measure of the functional association among genes in the context of their connectivity. In confirmation of the validity of this method, hierarchical clustering revealed the characteristic EWSR1-FLI1 fusion in Ewing sarcoma. Furthermore, assessing the effects of in silico edge perturbations and simulated gene knockouts as quantified by changes in curvature, we found non-trivial gene associations not previously identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Elkin
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA.
| | - Jung Hun Oh
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Filemon Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Joseph O Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Allen R Tannenbaum
- Departments of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA
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12
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Mindiola Romero AE, Tafe LJ, Green DC, Deharvengt SJ, Winnick KN, Tsongalis GJ, Baker ML, Linos K, Levy JJ, Kerr DA. Utility of Retrospective Molecular Analysis in Diagnostically Challenging Mesenchymal Neoplasms. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1473-1484. [PMID: 36911994 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231157783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Molecular analysis plays a growing role in the diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms. The aim of this study was to retrospectively apply broad, multiplex molecular assays (a solid tumor targeted next-generation sequencing [NGS]) assay and single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] microarray) to selected tumors, exploring the current utility and limitations. Methods: We searched our database (2010-2020) for diagnostically challenging mesenchymal neoplasms. After histologic review of available slides, tissue blocks were selected for NGS, SNP microarray, or both. DNA and RNA were extracted using the AllPrep DNA/RNA FFPE Kit Protocol on the QIAcube instrument. The NGS platform used was the TruSight Tumor 170 (TST-170). For SNP array, copy number variant (CNV) analysis was performed using the OncoScanTM CNV Plus Assay. Results: DNA/RNA was successfully extracted from 50% of tumors (n = 10/20). Specimens not successfully extracted included 6 core biopsies, 3 incisional biopsies, and 1 resection; 4 were decalcified (3 hydrochloric acid, 1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). Higher tumor proportion and number of tumor cells were parameters positively associated with sufficient DNA/RNA extraction whereas necrosis and decalcification were negatively associated with sufficient extraction. Molecular testing helped reach a definitive diagnosis in 50% of tumors (n = 5/10). Conclusions: Although the overall utility of this approach is limited, these molecular panels can be helpful in detecting a specific "driver" alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres E Mindiola Romero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Laura J Tafe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Donald C Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sophie J Deharvengt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kimberly N Winnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael L Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Joshua J Levy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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13
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Wang X, Mao Y, Xu H, Chen J, chen X. Identification of m 5C-related molecular subtypes and prediction models in the prognosis and tumor microenvironment infiltration of soft tissue sarcoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19680. [PMID: 37809908 PMCID: PMC10558950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epigenetic regulator in cancer progression and immune response has been demonstrated recently. However, the potential implications of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) are unclear. Methods The RNA sequence profile of 911 normal and 259 primary STS tissues were obtained from GTEx and TCGA databases, respectively. We systematically analyzed the m5C modification patterns of STS samples based on 11 m5C regulators, and comprehensively correlated these modification patterns with clinical characteristics, prognosis, and tumor microenvironment (TME) cell-infiltrating. Furthermore, an m5C-related signature was generated using Cox proportional hazard model and validated by the GSE17118 cohort. Results Two distinct m5C modification patterns (cluster1/2) were discovered. The cluster1 had favorable overall survival, higher immune score, higher expression of most immune checkpoints, and active immune cell infiltration. The GSVA analysis of the P53 pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, G2M checkpoint, mTORC1 signaling, Wnt/β catenin signaling, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling were significantly enriched in the cluster2. Moreover, 1220 genes were differentially expressed between two clusters, and a m5C prognostic signature was constructed with five m5C-related genes. The signature represented an independent prognostic factor and showed the favorable performance in the GSE17118 cohort. Patients in the low-risk group showed higher immunoscore and higher expression of most immune checkpoints. Further GSVA analysis indicated that the levels of P53 pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and TGF-β signaling pathway were different between low- and high-risk groups. Moreover, a nomogram incorporating m5C signature and clinical variables was established and showed well performance. Conclusion This work showed that the m5C modification plays a significant role in the progression of STS and the formation of TME diversity. Evaluating the m5C modification pattern of tumor will enhance our cognition of TME infiltration characterization to guide more effective immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, 234000, Anhui, China
| | - Yicheng Mao
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanlu Xu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiyang Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, 234000, Anhui, China
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14
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Apte SS, Mor E, Mitchell C, Gyorki DE. Practical Management of Adult Ultra-Rare Primary Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Focus on Perivascular Epithelioid Tumours and Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5953-5972. [PMID: 37504306 PMCID: PMC10377910 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the exception of well-differentiated liposarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, solitary fibrous tumour, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, the majority of the ≈70 histologic subtypes of retroperitoneal sarcoma are defined as 'ultra-rare' sarcomas, with an incidence of ≤1-5/1,000,000 persons/year. For most of these ultra-rare RPS subtypes, diagnosis and treatment follows international guidelines for the management of more common RPS histologies, with en bloc surgical resection as the mainstay of curative treatment, and enrolment in clinical trials where possible. Because the treatment of RPS is heavily driven by histology, the surgeon must be familiar with specific issues related to the diagnosis and management of ultra-rare sarcoma subtypes. Expert radiological and surgeon reviews are required to differentiate similarly presenting tumours where surgery can be avoided (e.g., angiomyolipoma), or where upfront systemic therapy is indicated (e.g., extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma). Thus, the management of all retroperitoneal sarcomas should occur at a sarcoma referral centre, with a multidisciplinary team of experts dedicated to the surgical and medical management of these rare tumours. In this focused review, we highlight how diagnosis and management of the ultra-rare primary RPS histologies of malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa), extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (EES), extraosseous osteosarcoma (EOS), and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) critically diverge from the management of more common RPS subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S Apte
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Division of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Eyal Mor
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Division of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - David E Gyorki
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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15
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Douglas C, Potter A, Davidson T, Schipp D, Crowe P. The impact of additional pathology analysis on the diagnosis and management of soft tissue tumours: a 10-year,retrospective study. Pathology 2023; 55:486-491. [PMID: 37032199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to characterise soft tissue tumours, pathologists often utilise specialised additional tests, or may seek opinions from subspecialist pathologists due to rarity or complex morphology. Additionally, further review may be sought by subspecialist sarcoma pathologists, such as those at our tertiary referral centre in Sydney, Australia. The aim of this study was to examine the impact on diagnosis and management of this external review, following diagnosis at a specialised sarcoma unit. We collated the results of all additional external ancillary tests and specialist reviews over a 10-year period and characterised the impact on the preliminary diagnosis as 'confirmed', 'new' or 'no clear diagnosis'. We subsequently noted whether the additional findings resulted in a clinically significant change in management. Of the 136 cases sent away, 103 patients had their initial diagnosis confirmed, 29 patients received a new diagnosis and, for four patients, the diagnosis remained uncertain. Nine of the 29 patients receiving a new diagnosis had their management altered. This study demonstrated that within our specialised sarcoma unit, the majority of diagnoses provided by our specialist pathologists are confirmed on additional external testing and review, but external review does provide additional assurance and benefit to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diane Schipp
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Crowe
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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16
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Dreher RD, Theisen ER. Lysine specific demethylase 1 is a molecular driver and therapeutic target in sarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1076581. [PMID: 36686841 PMCID: PMC9846348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1076581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a diverse group of tumors with numerous oncogenic drivers, and display varied clinical behaviors and prognoses. This complexity makes diagnosis and the development of new and effective treatments challenging. An incomplete understanding of both cell of origin and the biological drivers of sarcomas complicates efforts to develop clinically relevant model systems and find new molecular targets. Notably, the histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is overexpressed in a number of different sarcomas and is a potential therapeutic target in these malignancies. With the ability to modify histone marks, LSD1 is a key player in many protein complexes that epigenetically regulate gene expression. It is a largely context dependent enzyme, having vastly different and often opposing roles depending on the cellular environment and which interaction partners are involved. LSD1 has been implicated in the development of many different types of cancer, but its role in bone and soft tissue sarcomas remains poorly understood. In this review, we compiled what is known about the LSD1 function in various sarcomas, to determine where knowledge is lacking and to find what theme emerge to characterize how LSD1 is a key molecular driver in bone and soft tissue sarcoma. We further discuss the current clinical landscape for the development of LSD1 inhibitors and where sarcomas have been included in early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Dreher
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Emily R. Theisen
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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17
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Connolly EA, Grimison PS, Horvath LG, Robinson PJ, Reddel RR. Quantitative proteomic studies addressing unmet clinical needs in sarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1126736. [PMID: 37197427 PMCID: PMC10183589 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is a rare and complex disease comprising over 80 malignant subtypes that is frequently characterized by poor prognosis. Challenges in clinical management include uncertainties in diagnosis and disease classification, limited prognostic and predictive biomarkers, incompletely understood disease heterogeneity among and within subtypes, lack of effective treatment options, and limited progress in identifying new drug targets and novel therapeutics. Proteomics refers to the study of the entire complement of proteins expressed in specific cells or tissues. Advances in proteomics have included the development of quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies which enable analysis of large numbers of proteins with relatively high throughput, enabling proteomics to be studied on a scale that has not previously been possible. Cellular function is determined by the levels of various proteins and their interactions, so proteomics offers the possibility of new insights into cancer biology. Sarcoma proteomics therefore has the potential to address some of the key current challenges described above, but it is still in its infancy. This review covers key quantitative proteomic sarcoma studies with findings that pertain to clinical utility. Proteomic methodologies that have been applied to human sarcoma research are briefly described, including recent advances in MS-based proteomic technology. We highlight studies that illustrate how proteomics may aid diagnosis and improve disease classification by distinguishing sarcoma histologies and identify distinct profiles within histological subtypes which may aid understanding of disease heterogeneity. We also review studies where proteomics has been applied to identify prognostic, predictive and therapeutic biomarkers. These studies traverse a range of histological subtypes including chordoma, Ewing sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, myxofibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Critical questions and unmet needs in sarcoma which can potentially be addressed with proteomics are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Connolly
- ProCan, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth A. Connolly,
| | - Peter S. Grimison
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip J. Robinson
- ProCan, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger R. Reddel
- ProCan, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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18
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Ren J, Zhou X, Guo W, Feng K, Huang T, Cai YD. Identification of Methylation Signatures and Rules for Sarcoma Subtypes by Machine Learning Methods. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5297235. [PMID: 36619306 PMCID: PMC9812612 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5297235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoma, the second common type of solid tumor in children and adolescents, has a wide variety of subtypes that are often not properly diagnosed at an early stage, leading to late metastases and causing serious loss of life and property to patients and families. It exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity at the cellular, molecular, and epigenetic levels, where DNA methylation has been proposed to play a role in the diagnosis of sarcoma subtypes. Thus, this study is aimed at finding potential biomarkers at the DNA methylation level to distinguish different sarcoma subtypes. A machine learning process was designed to analyse sarcoma samples, each of which was represented by lots of methylation sites. Irrelevant sites were removed using the Boruta method, and remaining sites related to the target variables were kept for further analyses. Afterward, three feature ranking methods (LASSO, LightGBM, and MCFS) were adopted to rank these features, and six classification models were constructed by combining incremental feature selection and two classification algorithms (decision tree and random forest). Among these models, the performance of RF model was higher than that of DT model under all three ranking conditions. The specific expression of genes obtained from the annotation of highly correlated methylation site features, such as PRKAR1B, INPP5A, and GLI3, was proven to be associated with sarcoma by publications. Moreover, the quantitative rules obtained by decision tree algorithm helped us to understand the essential differences between various sarcoma types and classify sarcoma subtypes, providing a new means of clinical identification and determining new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - XianChao Zhou
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - KaiYan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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19
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Soft Tissue Tumours—Study of a Short Panel of 8 Immunohistochemical Markers. Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-022-03656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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20
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A Combined Risk Score Model to Assess Prognostic Value in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244077. [PMID: 36552841 PMCID: PMC9776565 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A study by Tsvetkov et al. recently published a proposed novel form of copper-induced cell death in Science; however, few studies have looked into the possible mechanism in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Herein, this study sought to investigate the function of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in the development of tumor-associated immune cells and the prognosis of sarcoma. Herein, this study aimed to explore the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in the development, tumor-associated immune cells, and the prognosis of sarcoma. METHODS The prognostic model was established via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm as well as multivariate Cox regression analysis. The stromal scores, immune scores, ESTIMA scores, and tumor purity of sarcoma patients were evaluated by the ESTIMATE algorithm. Functional analyses were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of immune cell infiltration and the prognosis of CRGs in sarcoma. RESULTS Two molecular subgroups with different CRG expression patterns were recognized, which showed that patients with a higher immune score and more active immune status were prone to have better prognostic survival. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses showed that these differentially expressed CRGs were mainly enriched in metabolic/ions-related signaling pathways, indicating that CRGs may have impacts on the immune cell infiltration and prognosis of sarcoma via regulating the bioprocess of mitochondria and consequently affecting the immune microenvironment. The expression levels of CRGs were closely correlated to the immunity condition and prognostic survival of sarcoma patients. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between cuproptosis and immunity in sarcoma may provide a novel insight into the study of molecular mechanisms and candidate biomarkers for the prognosis, resulting in effective treatments for sarcoma patients.
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21
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Harvey A, Soukup JW, Bell CM. Feline maxillary sarcoma: clinicopathologic features of spindle cell sarcomas from the maxilla of 25 cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e647-e654. [PMID: 36350718 PMCID: PMC10812361 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221128260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY Feline maxillary sarcomas are aggressive spindle cell neoplasms that occur within the maxilla, palate and upper lip of cats. This diagnosis includes fibrosarcoma and sarcomas with indeterminate histomorphology, excluding melanocytic tumors and sarcomas that can be differentiated by histomorphology. In this study of feline maxillary sarcomas in 25 cats, the cats' ages ranged from 4 to 16 years (median 12.5). These sarcomas presented as smooth thickenings or mass lesions of the gingiva and palate, often involving both the right and left quadrants of the maxilla. Radiographic bone loss was typically absent to mild at the time of diagnosis. Histologically, feline maxillary sarcomas were composed of spindle cells with varying amounts of fibrous stroma and mild inflammation. Metastasis was not documented for any cat in the study, although clinical staging was limited. Cats were often euthanized because of local recurrence following incomplete tumor excision and local tumor progression. Median survival time from the date of histologic diagnosis was 70 days (n = 12). RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION Feline maxillary sarcomas are aggressive neoplasms that may be difficult to differentiate from a benign, reactive process or other types of spindle cell neoplasms. Our findings indicate that feline maxillary sarcoma has distinctive clinical and histopathologic features, and the information provided in this paper will facilitate early and specific diagnosis of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Harvey
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Current address: Specialty Oral Pathology for Animals, LLC, Geneseo, IL, USA
| | - Jason W Soukup
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bell
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Current address: Specialty Oral Pathology for Animals, LLC, Geneseo, IL, USA
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22
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Navarria P, Baldaccini D, Clerici E, Marini B, Cozzi L, Franceschini D, Bertuzzi AF, Quagliuolo V, Torri V, Colombo P, Franzese C, Bellu L, Scorsetti M. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung metastases from sarcoma in oligometastatic patients: a phase 2 study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 114:762-770. [PMID: 35987453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung is the most frequent site of metastasis in sarcoma patients. Pulmonary metastasectomy is the most common treatment performed. Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) has proven to be a potential alternative to resection. We aimed to assess role of SBRT for lung metastatic patients in a prospective phase 2 study. METHODS AND MATERIALS Adults patients with lung metastasis(LMs) up to 4, ≤5cm, unsuitable for surgery were included. Dose prescription was based on site and size: 30Gy/1fraction for peripheral lesions ≤10mm, 60 Gy/3fractions for peripheral lesions 11-20mm, 48 Gy/4fractions for peripheral lesions >20mm, and 60 Gy/8fractions for central lesions. Primary endpoint was proportion of treated lesions free from progression at 12 months. Secondary endpoints were disease free survival(DFS), overall survival(OS), and toxicity. RESULTS Between March 2015, and December 2020, 44 patients for 71 LMs were enrolled. Twelve-month local control was 98.5%±1.4, reaching primary aim; median DFS time,1,2,3,4,5-year PFS rates were 12 months(95%CI 8-16 months), 50%±7.5, 19.5%±6.6, 11.7%±5.8, 11.7%±5.8, and 11.7%±5.8, respectively. Median OS time,1,2,3,4,5-year OS rates were 49 months(95%CI 24-49 months), 88.6%±4.7, 66.7±7.6, 56.8%±8.4, 53.0%±8.6, and 48.2%±9.1, respectively. Prognostic factors recorded as significantly impacting survival were age, grade of primary sarcoma, interval time from diagnosis to occurrence of LMs, and number of LMs. No severe pulmonary toxicity(grade 3-4) occurred. CONCLUSIONS We found a local control of LMs in almost all patients treated, with negligible toxicity. Survival was also highly satisfactory. Well-designed randomized trials comparing surgery with SBRT for lung metastatic sarcoma patients are needed to confirm this preliminary data. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier XXXXXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina Navarria
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Baldaccini
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Clerici
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Marini
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cozzi
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Franceschini
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Quagliuolo
- Surgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Torri
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Franzese
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Bellu
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Scorsetti
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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23
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Imai M, Nakamura Y, Sunami K, Kage H, Komine K, Koyama T, Amano T, Ennishi D, Kanai M, Kenmotsu H, Maeda T, Morita S, Sakai D, Bando H, Makiyama A, Suzuki T, Hirata M, Kohsaka S, Tsuchihara K, Naito Y, Yoshino T. Expert Panel Consensus Recommendations on the Use of Circulating Tumor DNA Assays for Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3646-3656. [PMID: 35876224 PMCID: PMC9633310 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive genomic profiling is increasingly used to facilitate precision oncology based on molecular stratification. In addition to conventional tissue comprehensive genomic profiling, comprehensive genomic profiling of circulating tumor DNA has become widely utilized in cancer care owing on its advantages, including less invasiveness, rapid turnaround time, and capturing heterogeneity. However, circulating tumor DNA comprehensive genomic profiling has some limitations, mainly false negatives due to low levels of plasma circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid and false positives caused by clonal hematopoiesis. Nevertheless, no guidelines and recommendations fully address these issues. Here, an expert panel committee involving representatives from 12 Designated Core Hospitals for Cancer Genomic Medicine in Japan was organized to develop expert consensus recommendations for the use of circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid‐based comprehensive genomic profiling. The aim was to generate guidelines for clinicians and allied healthcare professionals on the optimal use of the circulating tumor DNA assays in advanced solid tumors and to aid the design of future clinical trials that utilize and develop circulating tumor DNA assays to refine precision oncology. Fourteen clinical questions regarding circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid comprehensive genomic profiling including the timing of testing and considerations for interpreting results were established by searching and curating associated literatures, and corresponding recommendations were prepared based on the literature for each clinical question. Final consensus recommendations were developed by voting to determine the level of each recommendation by the Committee members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuho Imai
- Translational Research Support Section, National Cancer Center Hospital East.,Genomics Unit, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Translational Research Support Section, National Cancer Center Hospital East.,Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East
| | - Kuniko Sunami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Hidenori Kage
- Department of Next-Generation Precision Medicine Development Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Keigo Komine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Takafumi Koyama
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Toraji Amano
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital
| | - Daisuke Ennishi
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital
| | - Masashi Kanai
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | | | - Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Precision Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Sachi Morita
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Osaka University Hospital
| | - Hideaki Bando
- Translational Research Support Section, National Cancer Center Hospital East.,Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East
| | | | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Japan
| | - Yoichi Naito
- Department of General Internal medicine/Experimental Therapeutics/Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Translational Research Support Section, National Cancer Center Hospital East.,Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East
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24
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Nacev BA, Sanchez-Vega F, Smith SA, Antonescu CR, Rosenbaum E, Shi H, Tang C, Socci ND, Rana S, Gularte-Mérida R, Zehir A, Gounder MM, Bowler TG, Luthra A, Jadeja B, Okada A, Strong JA, Stoller J, Chan JE, Chi P, D'Angelo SP, Dickson MA, Kelly CM, Keohan ML, Movva S, Thornton K, Meyers PA, Wexler LH, Slotkin EK, Glade Bender JL, Shukla NN, Hensley ML, Healey JH, La Quaglia MP, Alektiar KM, Crago AM, Yoon SS, Untch BR, Chiang S, Agaram NP, Hameed MR, Berger MF, Solit DB, Schultz N, Ladanyi M, Singer S, Tap WD. Clinical sequencing of soft tissue and bone sarcomas delineates diverse genomic landscapes and potential therapeutic targets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3405. [PMID: 35705560 PMCID: PMC9200818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic, biologic, and clinical heterogeneity of sarcomas poses a challenge for the identification of therapeutic targets, clinical research, and advancing patient care. Because there are > 100 sarcoma subtypes, in-depth genetic studies have focused on one or a few subtypes. Herein, we report a comparative genetic analysis of 2,138 sarcomas representing 45 pathological entities. This cohort is prospectively analyzed using targeted sequencing to characterize subtype-specific somatic alterations in targetable pathways, rates of whole genome doubling, mutational signatures, and subtype-agnostic genomic clusters. The most common alterations are in cell cycle control and TP53, receptor tyrosine kinases/PI3K/RAS, and epigenetic regulators. Subtype-specific associations include TERT amplification in intimal sarcoma and SWI/SNF alterations in uterine adenosarcoma. Tumor mutational burden, while low compared to other cancers, varies between and within subtypes. This resource will improve sarcoma models, motivate studies of subtype-specific alterations, and inform investigations of genetic factors and their correlations with treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Nacev
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- The Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Shaleigh A Smith
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Evan Rosenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Cerise Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas D Socci
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Satshil Rana
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | | | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Mrinal M Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Timothy G Bowler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Anisha Luthra
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Bhumika Jadeja
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Azusa Okada
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Strong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Jake Stoller
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Jason E Chan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Sandra P D'Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Mark A Dickson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Ciara M Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Mary Louise Keohan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Sujana Movva
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Meyers
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Leonard H Wexler
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Emily K Slotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Julia L Glade Bender
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Neerav N Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Martee L Hensley
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - John H Healey
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Michael P La Quaglia
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Kaled M Alektiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Aimee M Crago
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Sam S Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Brian R Untch
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Chiang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Meera R Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - David B Solit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
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25
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Savary C, Picard C, Corradini N, Castets M. Complex Elucidation of Cells-of-Origin in Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma: From Concepts to Real Life, Hide-and-Seek through Epigenetic and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6310. [PMID: 35682989 PMCID: PMC9181261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) comprise a large group of mesenchymal malignant tumors with heterogeneous cellular morphology, proliferative index, genetic lesions and, more importantly, clinical features. Full elucidation of this wide diversity remains a central question to improve their therapeutic management and the identity of cell(s)-of-origin from which these tumors arise is part of this enigma. Cellular reprogramming allows transitions of a mature cell between phenotypes, or identities, and represents one key driver of tumoral heterogeneity. Here, we discuss how cellular reprogramming mediated by driver genes in STS can profoundly reshape the molecular and morphological features of a transformed cell and lead to erroneous interpretation of its cell-of-origin. This review questions the fact that the epigenetic context in which a genetic alteration arises has to be taken into account as a key determinant of STS tumor initiation and progression. Retracing the cancer-initiating cell and its clonal evolution, notably via epigenetic approach, appears as a key lever for understanding the origin of these tumors and improving their clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Savary
- Childhood Cancer & Cell Death (C3), LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Picard
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69002 Lyon, France;
| | - Nadège Corradini
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institut d’Hematologie et d’Oncologie Pédiatrique, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Department of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marie Castets
- Childhood Cancer & Cell Death (C3), LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
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26
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Ivey A, Pratt H, Boone BA. Molecular pathogenesis and emerging targets of gastric adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2022; 125:1079-1095. [PMID: 35481910 PMCID: PMC9069999 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) is a devastating disease and is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. This heterogeneous disease has several different classification systems that consider histological appearance and genomic alterations. Understanding the etiology of GC, including infection, hereditary conditions, and environmental factors, is of particular importance and is discussed in this review. To improve survival in GC, we also must improve our therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss new targets that warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Ivey
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Hillary Pratt
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Brian A Boone
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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27
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Vibert J, Watson S. The Molecular Biology of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2548. [PMID: 35626152 PMCID: PMC9139698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, encompassing a large spectrum of entities that were historically classified according to their histological characteristics. Over the last decades, molecular biology has allowed a better characterization of these tumors, leading to the incorporation of multiple molecular features in the latest classification of sarcomas as well as to molecularly-guided therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the main uses of molecular biology in current practice for the diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas, in addition to perspectives for this rapidly evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vibert
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Sarah Watson
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie Hospital, 75005 Paris, France
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28
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Zhang L, Lin W, Zhou Y, Shao F, Gao Y, He J. A Complement-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Overall Survival and Immunotherapy Efficacy in Sarcoma Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:765062. [PMID: 35493104 PMCID: PMC9046668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.765062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognoses of sarcomas are poor and the responses of them to systemic therapies are limited and controversial. Thus, there is an urgent need to stratify the risk factors and identify the patients who may benefit from systemic therapies. Here, we developed a reliable, complement-based gene signature to predict the prognosis of sarcoma patients. Survival-related complement genes were identified by univariate Cox analyses and were used to build a gene signature, which was further selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model, and determined using a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model. The whole sarcoma cohort of TCGA was randomly divided into a training set and a test set. The signature was constructed using the training set and validated subsequently in the test set, the whole TCGA sarcoma cohort, and another two independent cohorts from the TARGET and GEO databases, respectively. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the signature was also validated in an independent cohort from our center. This model effectively predicted prognoses across the training set, different validation cohorts, and different clinical subgroups. Next, immune cell infiltration analysis, GO and KEGG analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to explore possible underlying mechanisms of this signature. Moreover, this signature may predict the response to immunotherapy. Collectively, the current complement-related gene signature can predict overall survival and possible immunotherapy response of sarcoma patients; it may serve as a powerful prognostic tool to further optimize clinical treatment and prognosis management for sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Cancer Institute of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yibo Gao, ; Jie He,
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yibo Gao, ; Jie He,
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29
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Richards R, Jour G, Tafe LJ, Pinto A, Brčić I, Linos K, Kerr DA. Primary Pulmonary Round Cell Sarcomas: Multiple Potential Pitfalls for the Pathologist. Int J Surg Pathol 2022; 30:844-852. [PMID: 35404156 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221091586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary sarcomas of the lung are extremely uncommon. A diverse group of round cell sarcomas has been reported to originate in this location, including Ewing sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma. The rarity of these tumors presents a potential pitfall; without careful study, they may easily be misidentified as the significantly more common poorly differentiated carcinoma. While histomorphology is a key aspect of correctly identifying a sarcoma, ancillary testing has become increasingly important in making a definitive diagnosis, as more and more recurrent genetic alterations are discovered and new entities are defined. We present three cases of primary round cell sarcomas of the lung that proved diagnostically challenging, describe the features and ancillary testing that led to the correct diagnoses, and discuss classic and evolving entities among sarcomas with round cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryland Richards
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Tafe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Andre Pinto
- 12235Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Iva Brčić
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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30
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Tirrò E, Martorana F, Micale G, Inzerilli N, Carciotto R, Romano C, Longhitano C, Motta G, Lanzafame K, Stella S, Massimino M, Vitale SR, Salvatorelli L, Magro G, Manzella L, Vigneri P. Next generation sequencing in a cohort of patients with rare sarcoma histotypes: A single institution experience. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 232:153820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yadav R, Sun L, Salyana M, Eric M, Gotlieb V, Wang JC. SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor of Lung Mass—A Rare Tumor With the Rarer Occurrence of Brain Metastasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022; 10:23247096221074864. [PMID: 35356840 PMCID: PMC8978313 DOI: 10.1177/23247096221074864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Among thoracic tumors, these include subsets of a relatively newly described and yet to be fully characterized tumor entity: SMARCA4-deficient Undifferentiated Tumor (SMARCA4-dUT). Mutations of SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4) gene and loss of BRG1 (Brahma-related gene-1) is the underlying molecular hallmark of SMARCA4-dUT. They mostly involved the mediastinum, lung, and/or pleura showing undifferentiated round cell or rhabdoid morphology associated with aggressive clinical behavior. The pathogenesis of these tumors is still not clear. Morphologically, SMARAC4-dUT is differentiated from SMARCA4-dNSCLC by the presence of squamous and solid components in the latter. Immunohistochemically SMARC4-dUT has characteristic loss of SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 and strong expression of SOX2, CD34, and SALL4. Common sites of metastasis include lymph nodes, bones, and adrenal glands but rarely brain metastasis. We present a unique and rare case of a 76-year-old male with a right lung mass with documented pathology of SMARCA4-dUT and was found to have multiple brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lishi Sun
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Minkin Eric
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Jen C. Wang
- Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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32
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Arifi S. Personalised pharmacotherapy options for soft tissue sarcomas. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2022.2038562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Arifi
- Department of medical oncology, Hassan II University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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33
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Robert M, Farese H, Miossec P. Update on Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, an Inflammatory Arthritis With Neoplastic Features. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820046. [PMID: 35265077 PMCID: PMC8899011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to joint destruction and bone erosion. Even if many treatments were developed with success in the last decades, some patients fail to respond, and disease chronicity is still a burden. Mechanisms involved in such resistance may include molecular changes in stromal cells. Other explanations can come from observations of tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), first considered as an inflammatory arthritis, but with unusual neoplastic features. TGCT leads to synovium hypertrophy and hyperplasia with hemosiderin deposition. It affects young adults, resulting in secondary osteoarthritis and increased morbidity. TGCT shows clinical, histological and genetic similarities with RA but affecting a single joint. However, the monoclonality of some synoviocytes, the presence of translocations and rare metastases also suggest a neoplastic disease, with some features common with sarcoma. TGCT is more probably in an intermediate situation between an inflammatory and a neoplastic process, with a main involvement of the proinflammatory cytokine CSF-1/CSF1R signaling axis. The key treatment option is surgery. New treatments, derived from the RA and sarcoma fields, are emerging. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor pexidartinib was recently FDA-approved as the first drug for severe TGCT where surgery is not an option. Options directly targeting the excessive proliferation of synoviocytes are at a preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre Miossec
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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34
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Li L, Zhong L, Tang C, Gan L, Mo T, Na J, He J, Huang Y. CD105: tumor diagnosis, prognostic marker and future tumor therapeutic target. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1447-1458. [PMID: 35165838 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and its therapeutic options are inadequate. The endothelial glycoprotein, also known as CD105, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein located on the surface of the cell membranes and it is one of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor complexes. It regulates the responses associated with binding to transforming growth factor β1 egg (Activin-A), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). Additionally, it is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. This glycoprotein is indispensable in the treatment of tumor angiogenesis, and it also plays a leading role in tumor angiogenesis therapy. Therefore, CD105 is considered to be a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we explored the significance of CD105 in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various tumors, and provided evidence for the effect and mechanism of CD105 on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tong Mo
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jintong Na
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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35
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Roden AC. Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor-a case of an aggressive neoplasm-case report. MEDIASTINUM (HONG KONG, CHINA) 2022; 5:39. [PMID: 35118344 PMCID: PMC8794332 DOI: 10.21037/med-20-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors (SMARCA4-UT) are aggressive neoplasms that most commonly occur in the mediastinum of male smokers. These tumors are characterized by an inactivating mutation of SMARCA4 resulting in loss of expression of brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1). These tumors can have a variable immunophenotype but in general have no or only focal keratin expression and characteristically lack expression of BRG1. Most patients have metastatic disease at time of presentation. Usually SMARCA4-UT progress or recur and the median survival of these patients is only approximately half a year. Preclinical and clinical trials using enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH2) inhibitors are underway to potentially treat this neoplasm. In addition, rare cases of successful treatment with anti-PD-1 inhibitors are described. Here, the case of a 66-year-old male smoker who presents with mediastinal and left suprahilar masses and widespread metastatic disease is reported. A biopsy reveals extensive necrosis and clusters and small sheets of neoplastic epithelioid cells with some exhibiting rhabdoid cytology. The tumor cells lack staining with various keratins and markers of lymphoid, melanocytic, myogenic, or vascular differentiation. Focal expression of CD30 is noted. BRG1 expression is lost in the tumor cells while INI-1 expression is preserved. This tumor is diagnosed as SMARCA4-UT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Roden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
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36
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Park MT, Kim SD, Han YK, Hyun JW, Lee HJ, Yi JM. Enhancement of Radiosensitivity by DNA Hypomethylating Drugs through Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Sarcoma Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:80-89. [PMID: 34887366 PMCID: PMC8724837 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of DNA methylation in cancer using DNA hypomethylating drugs has been well known to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy and immunotherapy by affecting multiple pathways. Herein, we investigated the combinational effects of DNA hypomethylating drugs and ionizing radiation (IR) in human sarcoma cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the radiosensitizing properties of two DNA hypomethylating drugs on sarcoma cell lines we tested in this study with multiple doses of IR. We analyzed the effects of 5-aza-dC or SGI-110, as DNA hypomethylating drugs, in combination with IR in vitro on the proliferation, apoptosis, caspase-3/7 activity, migration/invasion, and Western blotting using apoptosis- or autophagy-related factors. To confirm the combined effect of DNA hypomethylating drugs and IR in our in vitro experiment, we generated the sarcoma cells in nude mouse xenograft models. Here, we found that the combination of DNA hypomethylating drugs and IR improved anticancer effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and by promoting synergistic cell death that is associated with both apoptosis and autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrated that the combination effects of DNA hypomethylating drugs with radiation exhibited greater cellular effects than the use of a single agent treatment, thus suggesting that the combination of DNA hypomethylating drugs and radiation may become a new radiotherapy to improve therapeutic efficacy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Taek Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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37
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Kirchberg J, Blum SFU, Pablik J, Herold S, Hoffmann RT, Baretton G, Weitz J. [Preoperative diagnostics and typing of abdominal soft tissue sarcomas]. Chirurg 2021; 93:5-15. [PMID: 34757436 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-021-01528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare soft tissue tumors and can be localized intraperitoneally or retroperitoneally. A pretherapeutic differentiated subtyping is essential for planning an individual, multimodal treatment concept in an interdisciplinary team of experts. OBJECTIVE The central aspects of histology acquisition, imaging diagnostics and (molecular) pathological subtyping of abdominal soft tissue sarcomas are described in detail. MATERIAL AND METHODS Imaging and pathological diagnostics are depicted based on the German S3 guidelines on adult soft tissue sarcomas, a current literature search and personal experiences at the Sarcoma Center at the National Center for Tumor Diseases in Dresden (NCT/UCC). RESULTS Preoperative imaging and (molecular) pathological subtyping of abdominal soft tissue sarcomas place high demands on surgeons, radiologists and pathologists. Genome analyses of sarcomas have the potential to identify points of attack for individualized treatment options. The limitations of resectability can only be assessed by experienced sarcoma surgeons at specialized centers. CONCLUSION The treatment of abdominal soft tissue sarcomas at an experienced center is associated with a better prognosis. Even at the first suspicion of an abdominal sarcoma, a referral to an experienced center should be made in order to guarantee optimal expertise in diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kirchberg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland. .,Sarkomzentrum Dresden am Nationalen Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Dresden (NCT/UCC): Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
| | - S F U Blum
- Sarkomzentrum Dresden am Nationalen Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Dresden (NCT/UCC): Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.,Institut und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - J Pablik
- Sarkomzentrum Dresden am Nationalen Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Dresden (NCT/UCC): Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.,Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - S Herold
- Sarkomzentrum Dresden am Nationalen Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Dresden (NCT/UCC): Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.,Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - R T Hoffmann
- Sarkomzentrum Dresden am Nationalen Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Dresden (NCT/UCC): Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.,Institut und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - G Baretton
- Sarkomzentrum Dresden am Nationalen Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Dresden (NCT/UCC): Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.,Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - J Weitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.,Sarkomzentrum Dresden am Nationalen Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Dresden (NCT/UCC): Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
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WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: New Therapeutic Opportunities? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215521. [PMID: 34771683 PMCID: PMC8583315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in fundamental processes for the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, little is known about its relevance for mesenchymal neoplasms, such us soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Chemotherapy based on doxorubicin (DXR) still remains the standard first-line treatment for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic STS, although overall survival could not be improved by combination with other chemotherapeutics. In this sense, the development of new therapeutic approaches continues to be an unmatched goal. This review covers the most important molecular alterations of the WNT signaling pathway in STS, broadening the current knowledge about STS as well as identifying novel drug targets. Furthermore, the current therapeutic options and drug candidates to modulate WNT signaling, which are usually classified by their interaction site upstream or downstream of β-catenin, and their presumable clinical impact on STS are discussed. Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a very heterogeneous group of rare tumors, comprising more than 50 different histological subtypes that originate from mesenchymal tissue. Despite their heterogeneity, chemotherapy based on doxorubicin (DXR) has been in use for forty years now and remains the standard first-line treatment for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic STS, although overall survival could not be improved by combination with other chemotherapeutics. In this sense, the development of new therapeutic approaches continues to be a largely unmatched goal. The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in various fundamental processes for embryogenic development, including the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Although the role of this pathway has been widely researched in neoplasms of epithelial origin, little is known about its relevance for mesenchymal neoplasms. This review covers the most important molecular alterations of the WNT signaling pathway in STS. The detection of these alterations and the understanding of their functional consequences for those pathways controlling sarcomagenesis development and progression are crucial to broaden the current knowledge about STS as well as to identify novel drug targets. In this regard, the current therapeutic options and drug candidates to modulate WNT signaling, which are usually classified by their interaction site upstream or downstream of β-catenin, and their presumable clinical impact on STS are also discussed.
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39
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Trikalinos NA, Chrisinger JSA, Van Tine BA. Common Pitfalls in Ewing Sarcoma and Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Diagnosis Seen in a Study of 115 Cases. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9040062. [PMID: 34698236 PMCID: PMC8544526 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES), “Ewing-like sarcoma” (ELS) and desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCT) can masquerade as other tumor types, particularly neuroendocrine neoplasms and receive inappropriate treatment. We retrieved 115 cases of ES, ELS and DSRCT seen over 17 years in a tertiary center. An initial misdiagnosis or incomplete diagnosis occurred in 6/93 (6.4%) of ES/ELS and 5/22 (22.7%) of DSRCT cases. The most frequent misdiagnosis was small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. While any misdiagnosis or incomplete classification is almost certainly multifactorial, the most common identified reason for erroneous/incomplete initial reporting was expression of neuroendocrine markers. Other contributing factors included keratin expression, older patient age and apparently unusual tumor location. Most patients treated with a non-sarcoma chemotherapy regimen expired, while those who received a sarcoma-related regimen were alive as of last evaluation. Increased awareness of this diagnostic pitfall is needed in evaluating cases of round cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A. Trikalinos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +314-747-7955; Fax: +314-747-5123
| | - John S. A. Chrisinger
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Brian A. Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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40
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Taguchi E, Horiuchi K, Senoo A, Susa M, Inoue M, Ishizaka T, Rikitake H, Matsuhashi Y, Chiba K. Eribulin induces tumor vascular remodeling through intussusceptive angiogenesis in a sarcoma xenograft model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 570:89-95. [PMID: 34274851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Eribulin is a novel microtubule inhibitor that, similar to other types of microtubule inhibitors, induces apoptosis by inhibiting the mitotic division of cells. Besides this direct effect on tumor cells, previous studies have shown that eribulin has the potential to induce tumor vascular remodeling in several different cancers; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate whether eribulin is effective against synovial sarcoma, a relatively rare sarcoma that often affects adolescents and young adults, and to histologically investigate the microstructure of tumor vessels after the administration of eribulin. We found that eribulin exhibits potent antitumor activity against synovial sarcoma in a tumor xenograft model and that tumor vessels frequently have intervascular pillars, a hallmark of intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA), after the administration of eribulin. IA is a distinct form of angiogenesis that is involved in normal developmental processes as well as pathological conditions. Our data indicate that IA is potentially involved in eribulin-induced vascular remodeling and thereby suggest previously unacknowledged role of IA in regulating the tumor vasculature after eribulin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Taguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Akira Senoo
- Pathology and Cytology Laboratories, PCL Japan, Matoba 1361-1, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-1101, Japan
| | - Michiro Susa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishizaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hajime Rikitake
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuhashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Machado I, Cruz J, Righi A, Gambarotti M, Ferrari C, Ruengwanichayakun P, Giner F, Rausell N, Lavernia J, Sugita S, Najera L, Suarez L, Sanjuan X, García JAN, García Del Muro FJ, Gómez-Mateo MC, Valladares MM, Ramos-Oliver I, Romagosa C, Parafioriti A, Elisabetta A, di Bernardo A, Navarro S, Hasegawa T, Arana E, Llombart-Bosch A. Ki-67 immunoexpression and radiological assessment of necrosis improves accuracy of conventional and modified core biopsy systems in predicting the final grade assigned to adult-soft tissue sarcomas. An international collaborative study. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153562. [PMID: 34329836 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on the French Federation Nationale des Centers de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) grading system, this study assesses the accuracy of conventional and modified core biopsy (CB) systems in predicting the final grade (low vs high) assigned to the resected specimen. Substituting Ki-67 immunoexpression for mitotic count, and radiological for histological assessment of necrosis, we used two modified FNCLCC CB grading systems: (1) Ki-67 immunoexpression alone, and (2) Ki-67 plus radiological assessment of necrosis. We graded 199 soft tissue sarcomas (STS) from nine centers, and compared the results for the conventional (obtained from local histopathology reports) and modified CB systems with the final FNCLCC grading of the corresponding resected specimens. Due to insufficient sample quality or lack of available radiologic data, five cases were not evaluated for Ki67 or radiological assessment of necrosis. The conventional FNCLCC CB grading system accurately identified 109 of the 130 high-grade cases (83.8%). The CB grading matched the final FNCLCC grading (low vs high) in 175 (87.9%) of the 199 resected tumors; overestimating the final grade in three cases and underestimating in 21 cases. Modified system 1 (Ki-67) accurately identified 117 of the 130 high-grade cases (90.0%). The CB grading matched the final FNCLCC grading (low vs high) in 175 (89.7%) of the 195 evaluated cases; overestimating seven and underestimating 13 cases. Modified system 2 (Ki-67 plus radiological necrosis) accurately identified 120 of the 130 high-grade cases (92.3%). This last matched the final FNCLCC grading (low vs high) in 177 (91.2%) of the 194 evaluated cases; overestimating seven and underestimating 10 cases. Modified system 2 obtained highest area under ROC curves, although not statistically significant. Underestimated CB grades did not correlate with histological subtypes, although many of the discrepant cases were myxoid tumors (myxofibrosarcomas or myxoid liposarcomas), leiomyosarcomas or undifferentiated pleomorphic/spindle cell sarcomas. Using modified FNCLCC CB grading systems to replace conventional mitotic count and histologic assessment of necrosis may improve the distinction between low and high-grade STS on CB. Our study confirms that classifying grade 1 as low grade and grades 2 and 3 as high grade improves correlation between CB and final grade by up to 21%, irrespective of CB system used. A higher than expected Ki-67 score in a low-grade sarcoma diagnosed on CB should raise concern that a higher-grade component may not have been sampled. Furthermore, correlation of all clinicopathological and radiological findings at multidisciplinary meetings is essential to assess the histological grade on CB as accurately as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Machado
- Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain; Pathology Department, Patologika, Hospital Quirón-Salud, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Julia Cruz
- Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Righi
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Gambarotti
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Francisco Giner
- Pathology Department, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Rausell
- Pathology Department, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Lavernia
- Oncology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine. Japan
| | - Laura Najera
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Suarez
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Sanjuan
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cleofe Romagosa
- Pathology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonina Parafioriti
- Pathology Department, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Armiraglio Elisabetta
- Pathology Department, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea di Bernardo
- Pathology Department, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Pathology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine. Japan
| | - Estanislao Arana
- Radiology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
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Wei L, Jiang G, Bai L, Li T, Ma X, Jiang L, Wang J, Li S. Inflammatory Myofibroblastoma of the Breast: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 11:646336. [PMID: 34141609 PMCID: PMC8204013 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.646336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor with low-grade malignant risk mainly occurring in soft tissues and lungs, and it is extremely rare in the breast. Meanwhile, imaging findings of the tumor often present with non-specific features that lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Here, we report a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the breast with the imaging findings of mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pathologic findings to improve the understanding of the disease. The patient was treated by surgical operation, and was followed up for 44 months, no local recurrence and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Guoyuan Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Lala Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Tingchao Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuejin Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | - Shiguang Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
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43
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Watson S. [New data on the molecular biology of soft tissue sarcoma]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:654-667. [PMID: 33985762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoma consists in a group of rare malignant tumours of mesenchymal origin characterized by their vast clinical, pathological and biological heterogeneity. The pathological diagnosis of sarcoma relies classically of the differentiation features of tumour cells, with dozens of different tumour subtypes described in the last international classifications. Over the last decades, the advances in the development of new techniques of molecular biology have led to a major complexification of sarcoma classification, with the identification of multiple and specific molecular alterations that have led to significant changes for patients diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic management. This review aims at giving an overview on the current knowledge of the molecular biology of soft tissue sarcoma, and emphasizes on their consequences for the daily management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Watson
- Institut Curie, département d'oncologie médicale, Inserm U830, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
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44
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Replacing Molecular Genetic Testing With Immunohistochemistry Using Antibodies That Recognize the Protein Products of Gene Rearrangements: "Next-generation" Immunohistochemistry. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:584-586. [PMID: 33399342 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Hagelstein I, Lutz MS, Schmidt M, Heitmann JS, Malenke E, Zhou Y, Clar KL, Kopp HG, Jung G, Salih HR, Märklin M, Hinterleitner C. Bispecific NKG2D-CD3 and NKG2D-CD16 Fusion Proteins as Novel Treatment Option in Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653081. [PMID: 33936075 PMCID: PMC8079770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) constitutes a rare group of heterogeneous malignancies. Effective treatment options for most subtypes of STS are still limited. As a result, especially in metastatic disease, prognosis is still dismal. The ligands for the activating immunoreceptor NKG2D (NKG2DL) are commonly expressed in STS, but generally absent in healthy tissues. This provides the rationale for utilization of NKG2DL as targets for immunotherapeutic approaches. We here report on the preclinical characterization of bispecific fusion proteins (BFP) consisting of the extracellular domain of the NKG2D receptor fused to Fab-fragments directed against CD3 (NKG2D-CD3) or CD16 (NKG2D-CD16) for treatment of STS. After characterization of NKG2DL expression patterns on various STS cell lines, we demonstrated that both NKG2D-CD16 and NKG2D-CD3 induce profound T and NK cell reactivity as revealed by analysis of activation, degranulation and secretion of IFNγ as well as granule associated proteins, resulting in potent target cell lysis. In addition, the stimulatory capacity of the constructs to induce T and NK cell activation was analyzed in heavily pretreated STS patients and found to be comparable to healthy donors. Our results emphasize the potential of NKG2D-CD3 and NKG2D-CD16 BFP to target STS even in an advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Hagelstein
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina S Lutz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Malenke
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kim L Clar
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kopp
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases (RBCT) Robert Bosch Cancer Center, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Immunology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Märklin
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Hinterleitner
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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46
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Stamenovic D, Hohenberger P, Roessner E. Pulmonary metastasectomy in soft tissue sarcomas: a systematic review. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2649-2660. [PMID: 34012614 PMCID: PMC8107546 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2019-pm-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) tend to metastasis to the lungs. Pulmonary metastasectomy seems to be a common practice always when plausible. The objective of this article was to review systematically the results of a literature search on pulmonary metastasectomy for STSs published in the last ten years and to offer a brief overview about the current practice as well. Methods Eight retrospective studies published in the period 2010–2020, which included patients with pulmonary metastases and metastasectomy were selected. Indication for surgery, survival rate and factors influencing survival were the primary outcomes, while further interesting findings in the studies were also collected and evaluated. Results Cumulative 1,004 patients participated in these studies. The most common histological types were leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and synovial sarcoma, being present together at 60% of the study population. Five-year survival was reported to be in the range from 20–58%, better survival going along with a fewer (preferably one) metastases, longer disease free interval (DFI) and R0 resection in most of the cases. Conclusions Complete resection of the metastatic lesions seems to be the most effective treatment for long-term survival, or even achieving cure in selected patients. At selection of the patients amenable for surgery, a high probability of R0 resection, as well as a disease free period of at least 12 months should perhaps bear a higher specific value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Stamenovic
- Mainz University Thoracic Center, Thoracic Surgery and Pulmonary Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Hohenberger
- Division of Surgical Oncology & Thoracic Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Center, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eric Roessner
- Mainz University Thoracic Center, Thoracic Surgery and Pulmonary Medicine, Mainz, Germany
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47
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Xu L, Xie X, Shi X, Zhang P, Liu A, Wang J, Zhang B. Potential application of genomic profiling for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 33747210 PMCID: PMC7967939 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies arising at various locations in the soft tissue and bone. Though a rare disease, sarcoma affects ~200,000 patients worldwide every year. The prognosis of patients with sarcoma is poor, and targeted therapy options are limited; therefore, accurate diagnosis and classification are essential for effective treatment. Sarcoma samples were acquired from 199 patients, in which TP53 (39.70%, 79/199), CDKN2A (19.10%, 38/199), CDKN2B (15.08%, 30/199), KIT (14.07%, 28/199), ATRX (10.05%, 20/199) and RB1 (10.05%, 20/199) were identified as the most commonly mutated genes (>10% incidence). Among 64 soft-tissue sarcomas that were unclassified by immunohistochemistry, 15 (23.44%, 15/64) were subsequently classified using next-generation sequencing (NGS). For the most part, the sarcoma subtypes were evenly distributed between male and female patients, while a significant association with sex was detected in leiomyosarcomas. Statistical analysis showed that osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and liposarcoma were all significantly associated with the patient age, and that angiosarcoma was significantly associated with high tumor mutational burden. Furthermore, serially mutated genes associated with myxofibrosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma were identified, as well as neurotrophic tropomyosin-related kinase (NTRK) fusions of IRF2BP2-NTRK1, MEF2A-NTRK3 and ITFG1-NTRK3. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that NGS-targeting provides potential new biomarkers for sarcoma diagnosis, and may guide more precise therapeutic strategies for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xianbiao Xie
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | | | - Peng Zhang
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Angen Liu
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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48
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Cheng YW, Meyer A, Jakubowski MA, Keenan SO, Brock JE, Azzato EM, Weindel M, Farkas DH, Rubin BP. Gene Fusion Identification Using Anchor-Based Multiplex PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 6:917-930. [PMID: 33537766 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods for identifying gene fusion events, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transcriptome analysis, are either single gene approaches or require bioinformatics expertise not generally available in clinical laboratories. We analytically validated a customized next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel targeting fusion events in 34 genes involving soft-tissue sarcomas. METHODS Specimens included 87 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues with known gene fusion status. Isolated total nucleic acid was used to identify fusion events at the RNA level. The potential fusions were targeted by gene-specific primers, followed by primer extension and nested PCR to enrich for fusion candidates with subsequent bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The study generated results using the following quality metrics for fusion detection: (a) ≥100 ng total nucleic acid, (b) RNA average unique start sites per gene-specific primer control ≥10, (c) quantitative PCR assessing input RNA quality had a crossing point <30, (d) total RNA percentage ≥30%, and (e) total sequencing fragments ≥500 000. CONCLUSIONS The test validation study demonstrated analytical sensitivity of 98.7% and analytical specificity of 90.0%. The NGS-based panel generated highly concordant results compared to alternative testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Anders Meyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS.,Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Maureen A Jakubowski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sean O Keenan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,CellNetix Pathology & Laboratories, Seattle, WA
| | - Jay E Brock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Elizabeth M Azzato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael Weindel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Daniel H Farkas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Ogawa T, Sasaki A, Ono K, Ohshika S, Ishibashi Y, Yamada K. Uptake of fluorescent D- and L-glucose analogues, 2-NBDG and 2-NBDLG, into human osteosarcoma U2OS cells in a phloretin-inhibitable manner. Hum Cell 2021; 34:634-643. [PMID: 33454890 PMCID: PMC7900340 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells take in d-glucose as an essential fuel as well as a carbon source. In contrast, l-glucose, the mirror image isomer of d-glucose, has been considered merely as a non-transportable/non-metabolizable control for d-glucose. We have shown that 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG), a d-glucose analogue combining a fluorophore NBD at the C-2 position, is useful as a tracer for monitoring d-glucose uptake through glucose transporters (GLUTs) into mammalian cells. To more precisely evaluate the stereoselectivity of 2-NBDG uptake, we developed an l-glucose analogue 2-NBDLG, the mirror-image isomer of 2-NBDG. Interestingly, 2-NBDLG was taken up into mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells showing nuclear heterogeneity, a cytological feature of malignancy, while remaining MIN6 cells only exhibited a trace amount of 2-NBDLG uptake. The 2-NBDLG uptake into MIN6 cells was abolished by phloretin, but persisted under blockade of major mammalian glucose transporters. Unfortunately, however, no such uptake could be detected in other tumor cell lines. Here we demonstrate that human osteosarcoma U2OS cells take in 2-NBDLG in a phloretin-inhibitable manner. The uptake of 2-NBDG, and not that of 2-NBDLG, into U2OS cells was significantly inhibited by cytochalasin B, a potent GLUT inhibitor. Phloretin, but neither phlorizin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT), nor a large amount of d/l-glucose, blocked the 2-NBDLG uptake. These results suggest that a phloretin-inhibitable, non-GLUT/non-SGLT, possibly non-transporter-mediated yet unidentified mechanism participates in the uptake of the fluorescent l-glucose analogue in two very different tumor cells, the mouse insulinoma and the human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ayako Sasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Koki Ono
- Department of Physiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shusa Ohshika
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Katsuya Yamada
- Department of Physiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
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50
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Genome wide methylation profiling of selected matched soft tissue sarcomas identifies methylation changes in metastatic and recurrent disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:667. [PMID: 33436720 PMCID: PMC7804318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we used the Illumina Infinium Methylation array to investigate in a cohort of matched archival human tissue samples (n = 32) from 14 individuals with soft tissue sarcomas if genome-wide methylation changes occur during metastatic and recurrent (Met/Rec) disease. A range of sarcoma types were selected for this study: leiomyosarcoma (LMS), myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and synovial sarcoma (SS). We identified differential methylation in all Met/Rec matched samples, demonstrating that epigenomic differences develop during the clonal evolution of sarcomas. Differentially methylated regions and genes were detected, not been previously implicated in sarcoma progression, including at PTPRN2 and DAXX in LMS, WT1-AS and TNXB in SS, VENTX and NTRK3 in pleomorphic RMS and MEST and the C14MC / miR-379/miR-656 in MFS. Our overall findings indicate the presence of objective epigenetic differences across primary and Met/Rec human tissue samples not previously reported.
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