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Zhao R, Guan X, Zhang P, Liu Y, Xu Y, Sun C, Qiu S, Zhu W, Yang Z, Wang X. Development of postoperative bronchopleural fistula after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: case reports and review of the literature. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:175. [PMID: 38573518 PMCID: PMC10995031 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically changed the treatment paradigm for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to the complexity and diversity of stage III disease, the inclusion of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in neoadjuvant treatment regimens is also required. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) limit the application of ICIs to a certain extent. Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a serious and fatal complication after pneumonectomy that is rarely reported, especially in patients who accept neoadjuvant immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we reported four patients with postoperative BPF who received a neoadjuvant regimen of sintilimab plus chemotherapy. Postoperative BPF occurred in the late stage in three patients; one patient underwent bronchoscopic fistula repair, and the fistula was closed well after surgery, and the other two patients gradually recovered within 1-2 months after symptomatic treatment with antibiotics. One patient with BPF after left pneumonectomy died of respiratory failure due to pulmonary infection. We also reviewed the literature on the development of postoperative BPF in patients receiving immuno-neoadjuvant therapy to discuss the clinical process further, postoperative pathological changes, as well as risk factors of BPF patients. CONCLUSIONS Central type lung cancer with stage III may be the risk factors of BPF in cases of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for lung cancers patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshan Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaomin Guan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wenhao Zhu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Kalvapudi S, Vedire Y, Yendamuri S, Barbi J. Neoadjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: basis, promise, and challenges. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1286104. [PMID: 38144524 PMCID: PMC10739417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1286104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Survival rates for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain poor despite the decade-long established standard of surgical resection and systemic adjuvant therapy. Realizing this, researchers are exploring novel therapeutic targets and deploying neoadjuvant therapies to predict and improve clinical and pathological outcomes in lung cancer patients. Neoadjuvant therapy is also increasingly being used to downstage disease to allow for resection with a curative intent. In this review, we aim to summarize the current and developing landscape of using neoadjuvant therapy in the management of NSCLC. Methods The PubMed.gov and the ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched on 15 January 2023, to identify published research studies and trials relevant to this review. One hundred and seven published articles and seventeen ongoing clinical trials were selected, and relevant findings and information was reviewed. Results & Discussion Neoadjuvant therapy, proven through clinical trials and meta-analyses, exhibits safety and efficacy comparable to or sometimes surpassing adjuvant therapy. By attacking micro-metastases early and reducing tumor burden, it allows for effective downstaging of disease, allowing for curative surgical resection attempts. Research into neoadjuvant therapy has necessitated the development of surrogate endpoints such as major pathologic response (MPR) and pathologic complete response (pCR) allowing for shorter duration clinical trials. Novel chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy agents are being tested at a furious rate, paving the way for a future of personalized systemic therapy in NSCLC. However, challenges remain that prevent further mainstream adoption of preoperative (Neoadjuvant) therapy. These include the risk of delaying curative surgical resection in scenarios of adverse events or treatment resistance. Also, the predictive value of surrogate markers of disease cure still needs robust verification. Finally, the body of published data is still limited compared to adjuvant therapy. Addressing these concerns with more large scale randomized controlled trials is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Kalvapudi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yeshwanth Vedire
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joseph Barbi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Role of Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neoadjuvant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is being increasingly adopted, but questions about the most appropriate applications remain. Although patients with resectable NSCLC are often treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy or targeted therapies +/− radiotherapy, they still have a high risk of recurrence and death. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4) have provided a new and effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Therefore, it is possible that ICIs for early-stage NSCLC may follow the pattern established in metastatic disease. Currently, there are several ongoing trials to determine the efficacy in the neoadjuvant setting for patients with local or regional disease. To date, only nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy has been approved by the U.S. FDA in the preoperative setting, but data continue to evolve rapidly, and treatment guidelines need to be determined. In this article, we review the current preclinical and clinical evidence on neoadjuvant ICIs alone and combination in the treatment of early-stage NSCLC.
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Sun C, Liu Y, Zhang P, Wang X, Xu Y, Lin X, Ma X, Guo Y, Qiu S, Shao G, Yang Z, Ma K. Interim analysis of the efficiency and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor (sintilimab) combined with chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel and carboplatin) in potentially resectable stage IIIA/IIIB non-small cell lung cancer: a single-arm, phase 2 trial. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:819-831. [PMID: 35192053 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While some clinical studies have shown that PD-1 and PD-L1 can also be an effective neoadjuvant treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), no evidence has been available for the use of the PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment for potentially resectable NSCLC in the Chinese population. METHODS This prospective, single-center, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial (registration number: NCT04326153) included treatment-naive patients with potentially resectable NSCLC (stage IIIA/IIIB) who received sintilimab plus nab-paclitaxel and carboplatin for two to three cycles before systematic nodal dissection 30 to 45 days after neoadjuvant treatment. After surgery, patients needed to complete two cycles of adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (sintilimab + nab-paclitaxel + carboplatin). The primary endpoint was disease-free survival rate at 24 months, whereas secondary endpoints included major pathological response (MPR) and pathologic complete response (pCR) rates, the proportion of patients who achieved tumor downstaging, overall survival, objective response rate (ORR), and adverse effects. PD-L1 status before and after treatment was also determined. RESULTS Among the 20 patients who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, 16 underwent radical resection. The disease control rate and ORR were 90% and 70%, respectively. Among the 16 patients who underwent surgery, 10 (62.5%) and 5 (31.25%) achieved MPR and pCR, respectively. Squamous cell NSCLC exhibited superior response rates compared to adenocarcinoma (pCR 35.7% vs. 0%). Moreover, 14 patients (70%) experienced grade 1 or 2 neoadjuvant treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), whereas 6 (30%) experienced grade 3 TRAEs. Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) was found in the current study as an adverse reaction of concern. The rate of BPF was 20% (4/20), of which three patients were in grade 1-2, and one patient died. The occurrence of BPF had no significant correlation with basic disease history, nutritional status, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, surgical procedure, pathological remission, and PD-L1 expression. However, during neoadjuvant treatment, no adverse events prompted dose reduction, treatment discontinuation, surgery delay, or death. Although PD-L1 expression may change after chemoimmunotherapy, no regular pattern was noted. PD-L1 expression, neither at baseline nor after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, was associated with pathological remission. CONCLUSIONS The current study found similar ORR, slightly lower MPR and pCR rates, and lower grade 3 TRAEs among patients with potentially resectable stage IIIA/IIIB NSCLC compared to the NADIM trial, as well as a greater ORR, MPR rate, pCR rate, and grade 3 TRAEs compared to Gao's study involving sintilimab for Chinese patients with resectable stage IA-IIIB NSCLC. Though neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy had been found to promote a high risk of BPF for patients with stage IIIA/IIIB disease, it offered greater potential for radical cure. Therefore, the current study suggests that neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy can be a safe approach in increasing the efficiency of treatment and hopefully improving the prognosis of patients with potentially resectable locally advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Pathological Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Guoguang Shao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Kewei Ma
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Godoy LA, Chen J, Ma W, Lally J, Toomey KA, Rajappa P, Sheridan R, Mahajan S, Stollenwerk N, Phan CT, Cheng D, Knebel RJ, Li T. Emerging precision neoadjuvant systemic therapy for patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer: current status and perspectives. Biomark Res 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 36650586 PMCID: PMC9847175 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, targeted therapy for oncogene-driven NSCLC and immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-oncogene-driven NSCLC, respectively, have greatly improved the survival and quality of life for patients with unresectable NSCLC. Increasingly, these biomarker-guided systemic therapies given before or after surgery have been used in patients with early-stage NSCLC. In March 2022, the US FDA granted the approval of neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy for patients with stage IB-IIIA NSCLC. Several phase II/III trials are evaluating the clinical efficacy of various neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations for non-oncogene-driven NSCLC and neoadjuvant molecular targeted therapies for oncogene-driven NSCLC, respectively. However, clinical application of precision neoadjuvant treatment requires a paradigm shift in the biomarker testing and multidisciplinary collaboration at the diagnosis of early-stage NSCLC. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current diagnosis and treatment landscape, recent advances, new challenges in biomarker testing and endpoint selections, practical considerations for a timely multidisciplinary collaboration at diagnosis, and perspectives in emerging neoadjuvant precision systemic therapy for patients with resectable, early-stage NSCLC. These biomarker-guided neoadjuvant therapies hold the promise to improve surgical and pathological outcomes, reduce systemic recurrences, guide postoperative therapy, and improve cure rates in patients with resectable NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Godoy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joy Chen
- Medical Student, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Weijie Ma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jag Lally
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kyra A Toomey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Prabhu Rajappa
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Roya Sheridan
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Shirish Mahajan
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Stollenwerk
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Pulmonology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Chinh T Phan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Pulmonology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Danny Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Knebel
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Tianhong Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
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Lin Q, Wu HJ, Song QS, Tang YK. CT-based radiomics in predicting pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:937277. [PMID: 36267975 PMCID: PMC9577189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.937277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In radiomics, high-throughput algorithms extract objective quantitative features from medical images. In this study, we evaluated CT-based radiomics features, clinical features, in-depth learning features, and a combination of features for predicting a good pathological response (GPR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immunotherapy-based neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Materials and methods We reviewed 62 patients with NSCLC who received surgery after immunotherapy-based NAT and collected clinicopathological data and CT images before and after immunotherapy-based NAT. A series of image preprocessing was carried out on CT scanning images: tumor segmentation, conventional radiomics feature extraction, deep learning feature extraction, and normalization. Spearman correlation coefficient, principal component analysis (PCA), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to screen features. The pretreatment traditional radiomics combined with clinical characteristics (before_rad_cil) model and pretreatment deep learning characteristics (before_dl) model were constructed according to the data collected before treatment. The data collected after NAT created the after_rad_cil model and after_dl model. The entire model was jointly constructed by all clinical features, conventional radiomics features, and deep learning features before and after neoadjuvant treatment. Finally, according to the data obtained before and after treatment, the before_nomogram and after_nomogram were constructed. Results In the before_rad_cil model, four traditional radiomics features (“original_shape_flatness,” “wavelet hhl_firer_skewness,” “wavelet hlh_firer_skewness,” and “wavelet lll_glcm_correlation”) and two clinical features (“gender” and “N stage”) were screened out to predict a GPR. The average prediction accuracy (ACC) after modeling with k-nearest neighbor (KNN) was 0.707. In the after_rad_cil model, nine features predictive of GPR were obtained after feature screening, among which seven were traditional radiomics features: “exponential_firer_skewness,” “exponential_glrlm_runentropy,” “log- sigma-5-0-mm-3d_firer_kurtosis,” “logarithm_skewness,” “original_shape_elongation,” “original_shape_brilliance,” and “wavelet llh_glcm_clustershade”; two were clinical features: “after_CRP” and “after lymphocyte percentage.” The ACC after modeling with support vector machine (SVM) was 0.682. The before_dl model and after_dl model were modeled by SVM, and the ACC was 0.629 and 0.603, respectively. After feature screening, the entire model was constructed by multilayer perceptron (MLP), and the ACC of the GPR was the highest, 0.805. The calibration curve showed that the predictions of the GPR by the before_nomogram and after_nomogram were in consensus with the actual GPR. Conclusion CT-based radiomics has a good predictive ability for a GPR in NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy-based NAT. Among the radiomics features combined with the clinicopathological information model, deep learning feature model, and the entire model, the entire model had the highest prediction accuracy.
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Chen J, Deng H, He J, Wang Z, Li S. Impact of the interval between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and surgery on surgical–pathological outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:909726. [PMID: 36158657 PMCID: PMC9491272 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.909726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe interval between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well characterized. This study investigated the association between the time-to-surgery (TTS) interval and surgical–pathological outcomes.MethodClinical data of patients who received neoadjuvant immun-ochemotherapy followed by surgery for NSCLC between January 2019 and September 2021 were collected. The patients were divided into three groups based on TTS interval: the early-surgery group (ESG), the standard-surgery group (SSG), and the delayed-surgery group (DSG). The primary outcomes were objective response rate (ORR), major pathological response (MPR), and pathological complete response (pCR). The secondary endpoint was surgical outcome.ResultsOf the 171 patients, 16 (9.4%) received surgery in ≤28 days, 49 (28.7%) received surgery within 29–42 days, and 106 (61.9%) received surgery in ≥43 days after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, with a median TTS of 46 days. The postoperative drainage of the ESG group (455.1 ml) was significantly less than that of the SSG group (680.7 ml) and the DSG group (846.5 ml; p = 0.037). However, the TTS interval did not influence the duration of the operation (P = 0.54), the extent of intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.60), or the length of postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.17). The ORR was observed in 69%, 51%, and 56% of patients in the ESG, the SSG, and the DSG, respectively (P = 0.46), and MPR occurred in 50%, 47%, and 58% (P = 0.38) of patients in the ESG, the SSG, and the DSG, respectively. Similarly, no statistically significant difference was found for pCR (ESG: 31%; SSG: 27%; DSG: 42%; P = 0.14).ConclusionThis retrospective study indicated that TTS exerts no significant effect on the feasibility and safety of surgery in the neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy setting of NSCLC. Analysis of the TTS interval revealed a tendency for delayed surgery to be associated with a pathological response in NSCLC, although this association was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxi He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhufeng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuben Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuben Li,
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Fornasiero M, Geropoulos G, Giannis D, Enson J, Aquilina J, Kumar N, Bhakhri K, Panagiotopoulos N. Systemic inflammatory changes and their clinical implications following thoracic cancer surgery. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 38:487-496. [PMID: 36050985 PMCID: PMC9424388 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-021-01301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma that follows every surgical procedure triggers an inflammatory response, which in the majority of the cases reflects the associated tissue damage. Tissue regeneration, postoperative outcomes, and systemic antibacterial activity are highly dependent on the initial inflammatory response elicited by surgical trauma. More specifically, in thoracic surgery, systemic cytokine and cellular changes have an impact on several measured postoperative outcomes. Lastly, the introduction of video-assisted and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery has been shown to provide improved postoperative outcomes with altered systemic inflammatory response, when compared to open thoracic surgery. This review outlines the major systemic inflammatory changes observed in thoracic cancer surgery as well as its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Fornasiero
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Georgios Geropoulos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dimitrios Giannis
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA
| | - Joshua Enson
- Royal Hampshire Country Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK
| | - Julian Aquilina
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kunal Bhakhri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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9
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Shen J, Sun N, Zens P, Kunzke T, Buck A, Prade VM, Wang J, Wang Q, Hu R, Feuchtinger A, Berezowska S, Walch A. Spatial metabolomics for evaluating response to neoadjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:517-535. [PMID: 35593195 PMCID: PMC9198346 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) differs substantially among individual patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Major pathological response (MPR) is a histomorphological read‐out used to assess treatment response and prognosis in patients NSCLC after NAC. Although spatial metabolomics is a promising tool for evaluating metabolic phenotypes, it has not yet been utilized to assess therapy responses in patients with NSCLC. We evaluated the potential application of spatial metabolomics in cancer tissues to assess the response to NAC, using a metabolic classifier that utilizes mass spectrometry imaging combined with machine learning. Methods Resected NSCLC tissue specimens obtained after NAC (n = 88) were subjected to high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and these data were used to develop an approach for assessing the response to NAC in patients with NSCLC. The specificities of the generated tumor cell and stroma classifiers were validated by applying this approach to a cohort of biologically matched chemotherapy‐naïve patients with NSCLC (n = 85). Results The developed tumor cell metabolic classifier stratified patients into different prognostic groups with 81.6% accuracy, whereas the stroma metabolic classifier displayed 78.4% accuracy. By contrast, the accuracies of MPR and TNM staging for stratification were 62.5% and 54.1%, respectively. The combination of metabolic and MPR classifiers showed slightly lower accuracy than either individual metabolic classifier. In multivariate analysis, metabolic classifiers were the only independent prognostic factors identified (tumor: P = 0.001, hazards ratio [HR] = 3.823, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.716–8.514; stroma: P = 0.049, HR = 2.180, 95% CI = 1.004–4.737), whereas MPR (P = 0.804; HR = 0.913; 95% CI = 0.445–1.874) and TNM staging (P = 0.078; HR = 1.223; 95% CI = 0.977–1.550) were not independent prognostic factors. Using Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses, both tumor and stroma metabolic classifiers were able to further stratify patients as NAC responders (P < 0.001) and non‐responders (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings indicate that the metabolic constitutions of both tumor cells and the stroma are valuable additions to the classical histomorphology‐based assessment of tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Na Sun
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Philipp Zens
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kunzke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Achim Buck
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Verena M Prade
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Sabina Berezowska
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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10
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Faehling M, Witte H, Sebastian M, Ulmer M, Sätzler R, Steinestel K, Brückl WM, Evers G, Büschenfelde CMZ, Bleckmann A. Real-world multicentre analysis of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy in localized or oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (KOMPASSneoOP). Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221085333. [PMID: 35356258 PMCID: PMC8958675 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221085333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent clinical trials demonstrate the feasibility of neoadjuvant immuno(chemo)therapy and report high rates of pathological remission, a surrogate marker for overall survival. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective multicentre real-world analysis of patients with locally resectable NSCLC, including oligometastatic disease, who received neoadjuvant immuno(chemo)therapy and resection. Consolidating immunotherapy was applied following multidisciplinary board recommendation. Primary endpoint was the rate of complete pathological response (pCR, no residual vital tumour cells) or major pathological response (MPR, ⩽ 10% residual vital tumour cells). Secondary endpoints included the radiological response and survival. Results: Seven centres contributed 59 patients (56% stage IIB–IIIC, 44% in stage IVA–IVB with up to four oligometastatic sites). MPR was found in 68% including 53% with pCR. There were no radiological progressions. Median follow-up was 24.3 months. At 12 and 24 months, progression-free survival was 82.6% and 68.1%, and overall survival was 89.5% and 87.2%, respectively. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study encompassed the largest NSCLC real-world cohort treated with neoadjuvant immuno(chemo)therapy to date. In routine clinical practice, resection after neoadjuvant immuno(chemo)therapy is feasible in patients with locally resectable NSCLC, including oligometastatic disease. In line with clinical trials, we found MPR in more than two-thirds of patients. Early data show encouraging survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Faehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Hospital Esslingen, Esslingen 73730, Germany
| | - Hanno Witte
- Abteilung für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Ulmer
- Hämatologie/Onkologie, Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Sätzler
- Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Esslingen, Esslingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Institut für Pathologie und Molekularpathologie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Brückl
- Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine/Nuernberg Lung Cancer Center, Nuernberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Georg Evers
- Department of Medicine A – Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A – Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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[Biomarkers for Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:130-136. [PMID: 35224967 PMCID: PMC8913284 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Surgery is the standard treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy have been widely used for preventing recurrence and metastasis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have brought long-term survival benefits in advanced NSCLC and showed higher downstage rates and pathological remission in the neoadjuvant setting. Predictive biomarkers are of great significance to identify the beneficiaries of neoadjuvant ICIs. At present, the biomarkers are still inconclusive. We summarized the clinical trials of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been disclosed so far, and reviewed the progress of the biomarkers associated with those trials.
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12
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Chaft JE, Shyr Y, Sepesi B, Forde PM. Preoperative and Postoperative Systemic Therapy for Operable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:546-555. [PMID: 34985966 PMCID: PMC8853628 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy remains the standard of care for patients with resected stage II or III non-small-cell lung cancer. However, biomarker-informed clinical trials are starting to push the management of early-stage lung cancer beyond cytotoxic chemotherapy. This review explores recent and ongoing studies focused on improving cytotoxic chemotherapy and incorporating targeted and immunotherapies in the management of early-stage, resectable lung cancer. Adjuvant osimertinib for patients with EGFR-mutant tumors, preoperative chemoimmunotherapy, and adjuvant immunotherapy could improve outcomes for selected patients with resectable lung cancer, and ongoing or planned studies leveraging biomarkers, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy may further improve survival. We also discuss the unique barriers associated with clinical trials of early-stage lung cancer and the need for innovative trial designs to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E. Chaft
- Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY,Jamie E. Chaft, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 445 E 73rd St, New York, NY 10021; e-mail:
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick M. Forde
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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13
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Zhai H, Li W, Jiang K, Zhi Y, Yang Z. Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Chemotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:515-524. [PMID: 35173485 PMCID: PMC8841324 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s344343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Zhai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhao Yang, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777 Xitai Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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14
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Role of CTLA Inhibition in Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:113-123. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Wang S, Yuan P, Mao B, Li N, Ying J, Tao X, Tang W, Zhang L, Geng X, Zhang F, Xue Q, Wu L, Zhang H, Gao S, He J. Genomic features and tumor immune microenvironment alteration in NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:2. [PMID: 35027673 PMCID: PMC8758728 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical trials have shown the safety and effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in neoadjuvant therapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, 18–83% patients can benefit from it. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of PD-L1 expression, tumor mutation burden, copy number alteration (CNA, including copy number gain and loss) burden with the pathologic response to neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade and investigate the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) during neoadjuvant immunotherapy in NSCLC. Pre-immunotherapy treatment tumor samples from twenty-nine NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy with sintilimab, an anti-PD-1 drug, were subjected to targeted DNA sequencing and PD-L1 immunochemistry staining. The pathological response was positively correlated with tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 and negatively correlated with copy number gain (CNgain) burden. Of note, the combination of CNgain burden and TPS can better stratify major pathological response (MPR) patients than did CNgain or TPS alone. Whereas, TMB showed a limited correlation with pathological regression. Additionally, PD-1 blockade led to an increase in CD8+PD-1−T cells which was clinically relevant to MPR as evaluated by multiplex immunofluorescence. A significant reduction in CD19+ cells was observed in the Non-MPR group but not in the MPR group, indicating the involvement of B cells in improving neoadjuvant immunotherapy response in NSCLC. Together, our study provides new data for the correlation of PD-L1 expression and genomic factors with drug response in neoadjuvant immunotherapy settings in NSCLC. The changes of TIME may provide novel insight into the immune responses to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Yuan
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Mao
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 88 Danshan Road, Xidong Chuangrong Building, Suite D 401, Xishan District, 214104, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Tao
- Nuclear Medicine Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Radiology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Endoscopy Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Geng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Wu
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 88 Danshan Road, Xidong Chuangrong Building, Suite D 401, Xishan District, 214104, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Biomedical Inovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,People's Republic of China; School of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie He
- Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Deng H, Zhao Y, Cai X, Chen H, Cheng B, Zhong R, Li F, Xiong S, Li J, Liu J, He J, Liang W. PD-L1 expression and Tumor mutation burden as Pathological response biomarkers of Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for Early-stage Non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 170:103582. [PMID: 35031441 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no approved biomarker for predicting pathological response in neoadjuvant programmed cell death (ligand) 1 (PD-(L)1) blockades treated early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Databases including PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Conference abstracts were searched for clinical trials of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 blockades for resectable NSCLC. Data regarding major pathological response (MPR), pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with high/low pretreatment PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were synthesized using fixed-model meta-analysis and evaluated by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. This analysis included 10 studies involving 461 NSCLC patients. Compared with PD-L1 expression <1%, PD-L1 expression ≥1% is associated with a higher rate of MPR and pCR. High-TMB associated with MPR and pCR. Similar findings were observed in subgroup analyses despite mono-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade or their combination with chemotherapy. Notably, 50% as the cutoff value for PD-L1 expression demonstrated better prediction efficacy for MPR than that of 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hualin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Platelet PD-L1 reflects collective intratumoral PD-L1 expression and predicts immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7005. [PMID: 34853305 PMCID: PMC8636618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have transformed oncological therapy. Up to 20% of all non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) show durable responses upon treatment with ICI, however, robust markers to predict therapy response are missing. Here we show that blood platelets interact with lung cancer cells and that PD-L1 protein is transferred from tumor cells to platelets in a fibronectin 1, integrin α5β1 and GPIbα-dependent manner. Platelets from NSCLC patients are found to express PD-L1 and platelet PD-L1 possess the ability to inhibit CD4 and CD8 T-cells. An algorithm is developed to calculate the activation independent adjusted PD-L1 payload of platelets (pPD-L1Adj.), which is found to be superior in predicting the response towards ICI as compared to standard histological PD-L1 quantification on tumor biopsies. Our data suggest that platelet PD-L1 reflects the collective tumor PD-L1 expression, plays important roles in tumor immune evasion and overcomes limitations of histological quantification of often heterogeneous intratumoral PD-L1 expression.
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18
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Xiao BF, Zhang JT, Zhu YG, Cui XR, Lu ZM, Yu BT, Wu N. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Lung Cancer: Potential and Challenges. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782775. [PMID: 34790207 PMCID: PMC8591168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has exhibited a substantial clinical response in hematological malignancies, including B-cell leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Therefore, the feasibility of using CAR-T cells to treat solid tumors is actively evaluated. Currently, multiple basic research projects and clinical trials are being conducted to treat lung cancer with CAR-T cell therapy. Although numerous advances in CAR-T cell therapy have been made in hematological tumors, the technology still entails considerable challenges in treating lung cancer, such as on−target, of−tumor toxicity, paucity of tumor-specific antigen targets, T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment, and low infiltration level of immune cells into solid tumor niches, which are even more complicated than their application in hematological tumors. Thus, progress in the scientific understanding of tumor immunology and improvements in the manufacture of cell products are advancing the clinical translation of these important cellular immunotherapies. This review focused on the latest research progress of CAR-T cell therapy in lung cancer treatment and for the first time, demonstrated the underlying challenges and future engineering strategies for the clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Fan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Tao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Ge Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Run Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ben-Tong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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19
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Tfayli AH, Sfeir PM, Youssef BY, Khuri FR. Locally advanced lung cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71:461-465. [PMID: 34491576 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arafat H Tfayli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pierre M Sfeir
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassem Y Youssef
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- President, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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20
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Hu C, Ma Q, Li N, Luo N, Hao S, Jiang M, Pang F, Yang Y, Li L, He Y. Case Report: Pathological Complete Response in a Brain-Metastatic Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patient With Long-Term Benefit From Chemo-Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:693704. [PMID: 34646760 PMCID: PMC8504157 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.693704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have brought long-term survival benefit in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients without driver gene mutations. Even after withdrawal of immunotherapy for a maximum of two years, some patients still benefit from this therapy and the reason is not fully clear. Results from several neoadjuvant trials indicated that in resectable lung cancer patients, neoadjuvant immunotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy led to major or complete pathological responses in a high proportion of tumors. Here we report a case of a brain-metastatic lung squamous cell carcinoma patient who received supratentorial tumor resection and thoracic surgery after chemo-immunotherapy, and achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) in both lesions. This case indicated that pCR can also happen in advanced-stage lung cancer patients receiving chemo-immunotherapy, which may be the reason for long-term benefit of those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengsheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nuo Luo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minrui Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Pang
- Department of Medical & Products, Origimed, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Medical & Products, Origimed, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Clinical Trials Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205048. [PMID: 34680195 PMCID: PMC8534159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Surgical resection remains the gold standard of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, only a minority of resected patients remain recurrence-free at 5 years. Systemic treatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy after surgical resection has been shown to improve survival in this setting. In the last few years, immunotherapy has established its position in treatment of metastatic lung cancer patients. Can the phenomenal results of this treatment be directly transferred to early NSCLC patients? Clinical trials with immunotherapy in this indication are ongoing, some with already promising results. In order to immediately prove the efficacy of immunotherapy in preoperative use, the surrogates of overall and progression free survival have to be validated. In this article, we review the data in support of immunotherapy in adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment of early NSCLC patients together with new definitions of primary end points of these studies. Abstract Across all tumor types, we observe that the role of immunotherapy has increased rapidly. Due to a number of potential advantages, it is considered in neoadjuvant treatment of localized tumors. In neoadjuvant settings, immunotherapy addresses micrometastatic diseases at the moment of their formation. However, some issues concerning neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy still has to be covered. The choice of drug and use of monotherapy or combination regimens remains unclear. The timing of surgery and preoperative evaluation of neoadjuvant immunotherapy efficacy is challenging. Although there is currently limited confirmed clinical data to support the use of immune checkpoint blockade in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, there are many studies exploring this strategy in NSCLC patients.
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Sinjab A, Han G, Treekitkarnmongkol W, Hara K, Brennan PM, Dang M, Hao D, Wang R, Dai E, Dejima H, Zhang J, Bogatenkova E, Sanchez-Espiridion B, Chang K, Little DR, Bazzi S, Tran LM, Krysan K, Behrens C, Duose DY, Parra ER, Raso MG, Solis LM, Fukuoka J, Zhang J, Sepesi B, Cascone T, Byers LA, Gibbons DL, Chen J, Moghaddam SJ, Ostrin EJ, Rosen D, Heymach JV, Scheet P, Dubinett SM, Fujimoto J, Wistuba II, Stevenson CS, Spira A, Wang L, Kadara H. Resolving the Spatial and Cellular Architecture of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Multiregion Single-Cell Sequencing. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2506-2523. [PMID: 33972311 PMCID: PMC8487926 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known of the geospatial architecture of individual cell populations in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) evolution. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing of 186,916 cells from five early-stage LUADs and 14 multiregion normal lung tissues of defined spatial proximities from the tumors. We show that cellular lineages, states, and transcriptomic features geospatially evolve across normal regions to LUADs. LUADs also exhibit pronounced intratumor cell heterogeneity within single sites and transcriptional lineage-plasticity programs. T regulatory cell phenotypes are increased in normal tissues with proximity to LUAD, in contrast to diminished signatures and fractions of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, antigen-presenting macrophages, and inflammatory dendritic cells. We further find that the LUAD ligand-receptor interactome harbors increased expression of epithelial CD24, which mediates protumor phenotypes. These data provide a spatial atlas of LUAD evolution, and a resource for identification of targets for its treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: The geospatial ecosystem of the peripheral lung and early-stage LUAD is not known. Our multiregion single-cell sequencing analyses unravel cell populations, states, and phenotypes in the spatial and ecologic evolution of LUAD from the lung that comprise high-potential targets for early interception.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Warapen Treekitkarnmongkol
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kieko Hara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick M Brennan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Minghao Dang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dapeng Hao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Enyu Dai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hitoshi Dejima
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elena Bogatenkova
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Beatriz Sanchez-Espiridion
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Danielle R Little
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samer Bazzi
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
| | - Linh M Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dzifa Y Duose
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Rosen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Avrum Spira
- Lung Cancer Initiative at Johnson and Johnson, Boston, Massachusetts
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Gatteschi L, Iannopollo M, Gonfiotti A. Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1036. [PMID: 34685407 PMCID: PMC8539920 DOI: 10.3390/life11101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and it is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. For early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), surgical resection is the treatment of choice, but the 5-year survival is still unsatisfying, ranging from 60% to 36% depending on the disease stage. Multimodality treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy did not lead to clinically relevant results, improving survival rates by only 5%. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being studied as neoadjuvant treatment for resectable NSCLC too, after the satisfactory results obtained in stage IV disease. Several clinical trials are evaluating the safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and their early findings suggest that ICIs could be better tolerated than standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy and more effective in reducing cancer local recurrence and metastasis. The aim of this review is to retrace the most relevant results of the completed and the ongoing clinical trials, in terms of efficacy and safety, but also to face the open challenges regarding ICIs in neoadjuvant setting for resectable NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Gatteschi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Cardiothoracic Department, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Mauro Iannopollo
- Oncology Unit, San Jacopo Hospital, Oncology Department, Central Tuscany AUSL, 51100 Pistoia, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Gonfiotti
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Cardiothoracic Department, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
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Abstract
Blockade of the programmed cell death 1 immune inhibitory pathway has revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and led to significant improvements in overall survival. In contrast, early-stage surgically resectable lung cancer has had few treatment advances in many years and continues to be associated with a high risk of relapse despite apparent curative resection. In this review, we discuss the many ongoing efforts to incorporate programmed cell death 1 pathway blockade into the treatment paradigm for surgically resectable lung cancer both as adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy. We review the early-phase results from neoadjuvant clinical trials, the landscape of phase III trials that are ongoing, and look to the future of immune checkpoint blockade as a potential curative therapy for surgically resectable lung cancer.
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Mielgo-Rubio X, Montemuiño S, Jiménez U, Luna J, Cardeña A, Mezquita L, Martín M, Couñago F. Management of Resectable Stage III-N2 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in the Age of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194811. [PMID: 34638296 PMCID: PMC8507745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of resectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer with N2 lymph node involvement is usually multimodal and is generally based on neoadjuvant chemotherapy +/− radiotherapy followed by surgery, but the cure rate is still low. Immunotherapy based on anti-PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved survival in advanced and stage III non-resectable NSCLC patients and is being studied in earlier stages to improve the cure rate of lung cancer. In this article, we review all therapeutic approaches to stage III-N2 NSCLC, analysing both completed and ongoing studies that evaluate the addition of immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Abstract Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with N2 lymph node involvement is a heterogeneous group with different potential therapeutic approaches. Patients with potentially resectable III-N2 NSCLC are those who are considered to be able to receive a multimodality treatment that includes tumour resection after neoadjuvant therapy. Current treatment for these patients is based on neoadjuvant chemotherapy +/− radiotherapy followed by surgery and subsequent assessment for adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In addition, some selected III-N2 patients could receive upfront surgery or pathologic N2 incidental involvement can be found a posteriori during analysis of the surgical specimen. The standard treatment for these patients is adjuvant chemotherapy and evaluation for complementary radiotherapy. Despite being a locally advanced stage, the cure rate for these patients continues to be low, with a broad improvement margin. The most immediate hope for improving survival data and curing these patients relies on integrating immunotherapy into perioperative treatment. Immunotherapy based on anti-PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors is already a standard treatment in stage III unresectable and advanced NSCLC. Data from the first phase II studies in monotherapy neoadjuvant therapy and, in particular, in combination with chemotherapy, are highly promising, with impressive improved and complete pathological response rates. Despite the lack of confirmatory data from phase III trials and long-term survival data, and in spite of various unresolved questions, immunotherapy will soon be incorporated into the armamentarium for treating stage III-N2 NSCLC. In this article, we review all therapeutic approaches to stage III-N2 NSCLC, analysing both completed and ongoing studies that evaluate the addition of immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Mielgo-Rubio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Montemuiño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fuenlabrada, 28942 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Unai Jiménez
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitario Cruces, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Javier Luna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Cardeña
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Clínic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Margarita Martín
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Luz, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Biomedical Siciences, Universidad Europea, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Snee M, Cheeseman S, Thompson M, Riaz M, Sopwith W, Lacoin L, Chaib C, Daumont MJ, Penrod JR, Hall G. Treatment patterns and survival outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer in the UK in the preimmunology era: a REAL-Oncology database analysis from the I-O Optimise initiative. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046396. [PMID: 34526333 PMCID: PMC8444261 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report characteristics, treatment and overall survival (OS) trends, by stage and pathology, of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust in 2007-2018. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study based on electronic medical records. SETTING Large NHS university hospital in Leeds. PARTICIPANTS 3739 adult patients diagnosed with incident NSCLC from January 2007 to August 2017, followed up until March 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient characteristics at diagnosis, treatment patterns and OS. RESULTS 34.3% of patients with NSCLC were clinically diagnosed (without pathological confirmation). Among patients with known pathology, 45.2% had non-squamous cell carcinoma (NSQ) and 33.3% had squamous cell carcinoma (SQ). The proportion of patients diagnosed at stage I increased (16.4%-27.7% in 2010-2017); those diagnosed at stage IV decreased (57.0%-39.1%). Surgery was the most common initial treatment for patients with pathologically confirmed stage I NSCLC. Use of radiotherapy alone increased over time in patients with clinically diagnosed stage I NSCLC (39.1%-60.3%); chemoradiation increased in patients with stage IIIA NSQ (21.6%-33.3%) and SQ (24.2%-31.9%). Initial treatment with systemic anticancer therapy (SACT) increased in patients with stages IIIB-IV NSQ (49.0%-67.5%); the proportion of untreated patients decreased (30.6%-15.0%). Median OS improved for patients diagnosed with stage I NSQ and SQ and stage IIIA NSQ over time. Median OS for patients with stages IIIB-IV NSQ and SQ remained stable, <10% patients were alive 3 years after diagnosis. Median OS for clinically diagnosed stages IIIB-IV patients was 1.2 months in both periods. CONCLUSIONS OS for stage I and IIIA patients improved over time, likely due to increased use of stereotactic ablative radiation, surgery (stage I) and chemoradiation (stage IIIA). Conversely, OS outcomes remained poor for stage IIIB-IV patients despite increasing use of SACT for NSQ. Many patients with advanced-stage disease remained untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Snee
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Sue Cheeseman
- REAL Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Majid Riaz
- REAL Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Will Sopwith
- REAL Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Carlos Chaib
- Research & Development Medical Affairs, Bristol Myers Squibb, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melinda J Daumont
- Worldwide Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squibb, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - John R Penrod
- Worldwide Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Geoff Hall
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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27
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Evolution of systemic therapy for stages I-III non-metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021. [PMID: 33911215 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The treatment goal for patients with early-stage lung cancer is cure. Multidisciplinary discussions of surgical resectability and medical operability determine the modality of definitive local treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) and the associated systemic therapies to further improve the likelihood of cure. Trial evidence supports cisplatin-based adjuvant therapy either after surgical resection or concurrently with radiotherapy. Consensus guidelines support neoadjuvant chemotherapy in lieu of adjuvant chemotherapy and carboplatin-based regimens for patients who are ineligible for cisplatin. The incorporation of newer agents, now standard for patients with stage IV lung cancer, into the curative therapy paradigm has lagged owing to inefficient trial designs, the lengthy follow-up needed to assess survival end points and a developmental focus on the advanced-stage disease setting. Surrogate end points, such as pathological response, are being studied and might shorten trial durations. In 2018, the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab was approved for patients with stage III lung cancer after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Since then, the study of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in patients with early-stage lung cancer has rapidly expanded. In this Review, we present the current considerations in the treatment of patients with early-stage lung cancer and explore the current and future state of clinical research to develop systemic therapies for non-metastatic lung cancer.
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28
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Kong F, Wang Z, Liao D, Zuo J, Xie H, Li X, Jia Y. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Challenge and Improvement of Immune Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739191. [PMID: 34532293 PMCID: PMC8438235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. At present, immunotherapy has made a great breakthrough in lung cancer treatment. A variety of immune checkpoint inhibitors have been applied into clinical practice, including antibodies targeting the programmed cell death-1, programmed cell death-ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4. However, in the actual clinical process, about 30%-50% of patients still do not receive long-term benefits. Abnormal antigen presentation, functional gene mutation, tumor microenvironment, and other factors can lead to primary or secondary resistance. In this paper, we reviewed the immune mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance, various combination strategies, and prediction of biomarkers to overcome resistance in order to accurately screen out the advantageous population, expand the beneficiary population, and enable precise and individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanming Kong
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongying Liao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhui Zuo
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxia Xie
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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29
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Beattie R, Furrer K, Dolan DP, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Lee DN, Frauenfelder T, Hoeller S, Weder W, Bueno R, Opitz I, Swanson S. Two centres experience of lung cancer resection in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer upon treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: safety and clinical outcomes. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 60:1297-1305. [PMID: 34331065 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezab340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent trials have begun to explore immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer in the neoadjuvant setting, but data on tumour response and surgical outcome remain limited. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of clinical data from patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors followed by lung resection was performed at 2 large volume institutions (1 North American, 1 European). Data were analysed using Chi-squared, Fisher's and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests where appropriate. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients were identified from 2017 to 2019. Forty-nine per cent were Stage IIIB and IV. Forty-six per cent received immunotherapy alone and 54% in combination with chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Sixteen per cent of cases were successfully performed minimally invasively. Twenty patients were operated with lobectomy (6 of these with wedges or segments of a neighbouring lobe, 2 with sleeve resections and 1 with a chest wall resection), 4 with bilobectomies, 11 with pneumonectomy (including 5 extrapleural pneumonectomies and 1 atrial resection) and 1 with a wedge resection. Overall, 10 patients (27%) developed postoperative complications and the 90-day mortality was zero. One-year recurrence-free survival was 73% for stage II/IIIA and 55% for stage IIIB/stage IV. The major pathologic response rate was 34%. CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, lung resection after immunotherapy (alone or in combination) is safe, although often requires complex surgery. Due to increasing number of clinical trials adopting immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, it is likely that this therapy will become part of standard of care. Immunotherapy may also allow surgery to have a role for selected patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Beattie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Furrer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P Dolan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Daniel N Lee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Frauenfelder
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Hoeller
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Scott Swanson
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Lee JM, Tsuboi M, Brunelli A. Surgical perspective on neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:1505-1515. [PMID: 34339672 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a 5% improvement in 5-year overall survival achieved with current neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, new treatments for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are urgently needed. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is established in metastatic NSCLC and is being evaluated in resectable NSCLC. METHODS Publications and conference databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for reports on clinical studies of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with early resectable NSCLC. RESULTS Potential advantages of neoadjuvant ICI include earlier treatment of micrometastatic disease; activation of a broader, potentially durable immune response by the whole tumor and associated lymph nodes; and pathologic assessment of neoadjuvant treatment response, which may guide adjuvant therapy. Surgical considerations include delays to surgery, potential disease progression preventing curative resection, and perioperative morbidity and mortality. Surrogate endpoints of efficacy (pathologic complete response, major pathologic response) and biomarkers predictive of outcome (programmed death ligand 1 expression, tumor mutational burden and circulating tumor DNA) can accelerate clinical trial completion and early-stage treatment development; their application in neoadjuvant ICI studies in NSCLC is reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Phase 2 trials of neoadjuvant ICI alone or with chemotherapy showed encouraging safety and efficacy in patients with resectable NSCLC, warranting the ongoing phase 3 studies of neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. Preoperative and intraoperative unresectability following neoadjuvant ICI appear comparable to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. To help thoracic surgeons and medical oncologists to distinguish amongst ICI beyond efficacy as phase 3 data emerge, surgery-related endpoints for perioperative morbidity, mortality, and complexity should be defined, standardized, incorporated into trial designs, and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Division of Thoracic Surgery.
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Oncology
| | - Alessandro Brunelli
- University of Leeds and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK, Department of Thoracic Surgery
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31
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Mayne NR, Potter A, Bharol K, Darling AJ, Raman V, Cao C, Li X, D'Amico TA, Yang CFJ. Perioperative Outcomes and Survival after Preoperative Immunotherapy for Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 113:1811-1820. [PMID: 34314692 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although preoperative immunotherapy (IT) is increasingly utilized for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there remains a paucity of robust clinical data on its safety and long-term survival. Our objective was to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and survival associated with IT followed by surgery for patients with NSCLC. METHODS Outcomes of patients with NSCLC who underwent lung resection after preoperative chemotherapy (PC)±radiation or IT (with or without chemotherapy or chemoradiation) in the National Cancer Data Base (2010-2017) were evaluated using Kaplan Meier analysis, multivariable logistic regression, multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, and propensity score-matched analysis. RESULTS From 2010-2017, 236 patients (2.2%) received IT and 10,715 patients received PC followed by surgery. There were no significant differences between the IT and PC groups with regard to margin positivity (8.5%[n=20] vs 7.5%[n=715], P=0.98), 30-day readmission (4.2%[n=10] vs 4.1%[n=440], P=0.87), and 30-day mortality (0.4%[n=1] vs 2.4%[n=253], P=0.25). The IT and PC groups had similar overall survival (5-year survival: 63% [95% CI, 50-74] vs 51% [95% CI, 50-52]; log-rank P=0.06; multivariable adjusted hazard ratio 0.98 [95% CI, 0.67-1.41], P=0.90). A propensity score-matched analysis of 344 patients, well-matched by preoperative characteristics, showed no significant differences in short-term outcomes and overall survival (log-rank P=1.00) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS In this national analysis, preoperative immunotherapy followed by surgery for NSCLC was found to be safe and feasible with similar short-term outcomes and overall survival when compared to preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Li
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH
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Jones DR. Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in surgically resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: surgical expertise required. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 60:88-90. [PMID: 34259322 PMCID: PMC8278351 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David R Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Rothschild SI, Zippelius A, Eboulet EI, Savic Prince S, Betticher D, Bettini A, Früh M, Joerger M, Lardinois D, Gelpke H, Mauti LA, Britschgi C, Weder W, Peters S, Mark M, Cathomas R, Ochsenbein AF, Janthur WD, Waibel C, Mach N, Froesch P, Buess M, Bohanes P, Godar G, Rusterholz C, Gonzalez M, Pless M. SAKK 16/14: Durvalumab in Addition to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Stage IIIA(N2) Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer-A Multicenter Single-Arm Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:2872-2880. [PMID: 34251873 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE For patients with resectable stage IIIA(N2) non-small-cell lung cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and docetaxel followed by surgery resulted in a 1-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 48% in the SAKK 16/00 trial and is an accepted standard of care. We investigated the additional benefit of perioperative treatment with durvalumab. METHODS Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of three cycles of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 and docetaxel 85 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks followed by two doses of durvalumab 750 mg once every 2 weeks. Durvalumab was continued for 1 year after surgery. The primary end point was 1-year EFS. The hypothesis for statistical considerations was an improvement of 1-year EFS from 48% to 65%. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients were enrolled, 67 were included in the full analysis set. Radiographic response rate was 43% (95% CI, 31 to 56) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 58% (95% CI, 45 to 71) after sequential neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Fifty-five patients were resected, of which 34 (62%) achieved a major pathologic response (MPR; ≤ 10% viable tumor cells) and 10 (18%) among them a complete pathologic response. Postoperative nodal downstaging (ypN0-1) was observed in 37 patients (67%). Fifty-one (93%) resected patients had an R0 resection. There was no significant effect of pretreatment PD-L1 expression on MPR or nodal downstaging. The 1-year EFS rate was 73% (two-sided 90% CI, 63 to 82). Median EFS and overall survival were not reached after 28.6 months of median follow-up. Fifty-nine (88%) patients had an adverse event grade ≥ 3 including two fatal adverse events that were judged not to be treatment-related. CONCLUSION The addition of perioperative durvalumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage IIIA(N2) non-small-cell lung cancer is safe and exceeds historical data of chemotherapy alone with a high MPR and an encouraging 1-year EFS rate of 73%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha I Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Department of Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Spasenija Savic Prince
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Betticher
- Department of Oncology, HFR Fribourg-Hôpital fribourgeois, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Bettini
- Department of Oncology, HFR Fribourg-Hôpital fribourgeois, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Früh
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Joerger
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Didier Lardinois
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Gelpke
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia A Mauti
- Department of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Christian Britschgi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mark
- Divison of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Richard Cathomas
- Divison of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolf-Dieter Janthur
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Christine Waibel
- Department of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Mach
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Froesch
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martin Buess
- Division of Medical Oncology, St Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Bohanes
- Centre de Chimiothérapie Anti-Cancéreuse, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michel Gonzalez
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miklos Pless
- Department of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Bertolaccini L, Galetta D, Sedda G, de Marinis F, Spaggiari L. Safety Analysis of Salvage Surgery for Advanced Stages or Metastatic Lung Cancers. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 70:273-276. [PMID: 34233366 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This case series aimed to analyze the outcomes of patients referred for salvage pulmonary resections after treatment with chemotherapy and immunotherapy for previously metastatic or unresectable tumors.From October 2016, after multidisciplinary board discussion, eight patients (median: 67 years, range: 52-78 years) underwent medical treatment due to advanced-stage diseases (stage cIIIA-cIVa). Four patients underwent cisplatin-based chemotherapy and, due to progression, were moved to an immunotherapy second line (nivolumab: two patients and pembrolizumab: two patients). Instead, four patients underwent combined cisplatin-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (atezolizumab: two patients and pembrolizumab: two patients). After a multidisciplinary evaluation for salvage surgery, six patients underwent lobectomies, one patient underwent left pneumonectomy, and one patient underwent upper right lobectomy enlarged to the posterior arches of four ribs. The median duration of surgery was 179 minutes (range: 122-246 minutes). At the final pathological stage, three patients showed a complete major response (ypT0 ypN0), one patient was ypT1a ypN0, one ypT3 ypN0, 2 ypT3 ypN1, and one ypT4 ypN0. The hospital length of stay was 6 days (range: 3-23 days). Two patients had a postoperative complication. At the time of follow-up (median: 15.3 months [range: 1-32 months]), six patients were alive without evidence of the recurrence. Two patients died due to recurrence progression (N3 lymph nodes involvement) of the disease after 6 and 32 months.In stage IIIB-IVA nonsmall cell lung cancer, salvage lung surgeries after chemotherapy and immunotherapy are feasible, with high rates of R0 resection. Surgery can be technically tricky without significant morbidity and encouraging outcomes (even with a short-interval follow-up).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bertolaccini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Galetta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Sedda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- Department of Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Corsini EM, Weissferdt A, Pataer A, Zhou N, Antonoff MB, Hofstetter WL, Mehran RJ, Rajaram R, Rice DC, Roth JA, Vaporciyan AA, Walsh GL, Cascone T, Heymach JV, Swisher SG, Sepesi B. Pathological nodal disease defines survival outcomes in patients with lung cancer with tumour major pathological response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 59:100-108. [PMID: 32864702 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major pathological response (MPR) is prognostic of outcomes for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and is used as the primary end point in neoadjuvant immunotherapy trials. We studied the influence of pathological nodal disease on patterns and timing of recurrence among patients with MPR. METHODS Patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stages I-III non-small-cell lung cancer were identified. Surgical specimens were histopathologically examined for tumour viability, categorized as ≤10% viability (MPR) or >10% (NoMPR). Overall survival and disease-free survival were evaluated with emphasis upon MPR and pathological nodal disease. RESULTS Among 307 patients, 58 (19%) had MPR within primary tumour and 42 (14%) had MPRypN0. In the MPR group, the frequency of cN0 and cN+ disease was 18 (31%) and 40 (69%); similarly, the frequency of ypN0, ypN1 and ypN2 was 72% (42/58), 16% (9/58) and 12% (7/58), respectively. When evaluating only those with MPR, recurrence rates among those with MPRypN0, MPRypN1 and MPRypN2 were 33% (14/42), 44% (4/9) and 71% (5/7) (P = 0.16). The median time-to-recurrence in MPRypN0, MPRypN1 and MPRypN2 was 40, 10 and 14 months (P = 0.006). Distant recurrences were less common among those with MPRypN0 [MPRypN0, 26% (11/42); MPRypN1, 44% (4/9); MPRypN2, 71% (5/7); P = 0.047]. Though the median disease-free survival was prolonged among those with MPR vs NoMPR (120 vs 25 months, P < 0.0001), only those with MPRypN0 had prolonged disease-free survival in comparison to other groups upon pairwise comparisons, while MPRypN+ experienced no benefit. CONCLUSIONS MPRypN0 represents the most favourable surrogate end point following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with ypN1-2 are at the risk of early recurrence regardless of primary tumour MPR, warranting intensive surveillance and consideration for additional adjuvant therapy. We highlight that MPRypN0 is the most rigorous end point and should be considered as a surrogate end point in future neoadjuvant trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Corsini
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Apar Pataer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wayne L Hofstetter
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reza J Mehran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ravi Rajaram
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David C Rice
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Garrett L Walsh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Ahern E, Solomon BJ, Hui R, Pavlakis N, O'Byrne K, Hughes BGM. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: right drugs, right patient, right time? J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002248. [PMID: 34083418 PMCID: PMC8183290 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard curative treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) involves surgery in combination with postoperative (adjuvant) platinum-based chemotherapy where indicated. Preoperative (neoadjuvant) therapies offer certain theoretical benefits compared with adjuvant approaches, including the ability to assess on-treatment response, reduce the tumor bulk prior to surgery, and enhance tolerability in the preoperative setting. Indeed, the use of neoadjuvant therapies are well established in other cancers such as breast and rectal cancers to debulk the tumor and guide ongoing therapy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy has similar efficacy but less toxicity in NSCLC. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting programmed death-1 (PD1)/PD1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have transformed the treatment of advanced NSCLC; the unique mechanisms of action of ICI offer additional rationale for assessment in the neoadjuvant setting. Preclinical studies in mouse cancer models support the proof of concept of neoadjuvant ICI (NAICI) through improvement of T-cell effector function and long-term memory induction. Preliminary early-phase human trial data support the proposition that NAICI in NSCLC may provide an feasible and potentially efficacious future treatment strategy and large, randomized phase III trials are currently recruiting to assess this approach. However, outstanding issues include defining optimal treatment combinations which balance high efficacy with acceptable toxicity, validating biomarkers to aid in patient selection, and avoiding potential pitfalls such as missing a window for successful surgery, that is, choosing the right drugs, for the right patient, at the right time. Predictive biomarkers to direct selection of therapy are required, and the validation of major pathological response (MPR) as a surrogate for survival will be important in the uptake of the neoadjuvant approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ahern
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia .,Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Immunology in Cancer and Infection, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben J Solomon
- Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rina Hui
- Medical Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett G M Hughes
- Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Medical Oncology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
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Allaeys T, Berzenji L, Van Schil PE. Surgery after Induction Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2603. [PMID: 34073302 PMCID: PMC8199385 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodality therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a complex and controversial issue, especially regarding optimal treatment regimens for patients with ipsilateral positive mediastinal nodes (N2 disease). Many trials investigating neoadjuvant immunotherapy and targeted therapy in this subpopulation have shown promising results, although concerns have risen regarding surgical feasibility. A thorough literature review was performed, analyzing all recent studies regarding surgical morbidity and mortality. Despite the fact that two major trials investigating this subject were terminated early, the overall consensus is that surgical management seems feasible. However, dissection of hilar vessels may be challenging due to hilar fibrosis. Further research is necessary to identify the role of surgery in these multimodality treatment regimens, and to define matters such as the optimal treatment regimen, the dosage of the different agents used, the interval between induction therapy and surgery, and the role of adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul E. Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650 Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium; (T.A.); (L.B.)
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Göker E, Altwairgi A, Al-Omair A, Tfayli A, Black E, Elsayed H, Selek U, Koegelenberg C. Multi-disciplinary approach for the management of non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the Middle East and Africa: Expert panel recommendations. Lung Cancer 2021; 158:60-73. [PMID: 34119934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Middle East and Africa (MEA) region, a large geographical area, lies at the confluence of Asian, Caucasian and African races and comprises of a population with several distinct ethnicities. The course of management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) differs as per patients' performance status as well as stage of disease, requiring personalized therapy decisions. Although management of NSCLC has received a significant impetus in the form of molecularly targeted therapies and immune therapies in last few years, surgery remains gold standard for patients with early-stage disease. In case of unresectable disease, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the primary management modalities. With newer therapies being approved for treatment of early stage disease, use of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) for comprehensive management of NSCLC is of prime importance. A group of experts with interest in thoracic oncology, deliberated and arrived at a consensus statement for the community oncologists treating patients with NSCLC in the MEA region. The deliberation was based on the review of the published evidence including literature and global and local guidelines, subject expertise of the participating panellists and experience in real-life management of patients with NSCLC. We present the proposed regional adaptations of international guidelines and recommends the MDT approach for management of NSCLC in MEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Göker
- Medical Oncology Dept., Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | - Ameen Al-Omair
- Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arafat Tfayli
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Edward Black
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, P.O. Box 11001, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hany Elsayed
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ugur Selek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koc University School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Coenraad Koegelenberg
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Hamada A, Soh J, Hata A, Nakamatsu K, Shimokawa M, Yatabe Y, Oizumi H, Tsuboi M, Horinouchi H, Yoshino I, Tanahashi M, Toyooka S, Okada M, Yokomise H, Yamashita M, Nishimura Y, Yamamoto N, Nakagawa K, Mitsudomi T. Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemo-immuno-radiation Therapy Followed by Surgery and Adjuvant Immunotherapy for Resectable Stage IIIA-B (Discrete N2) Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: SQUAT trial (WJOG 12119L). Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 22:596-600. [PMID: 34034990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe our ongoing multicenter, prospective, single-arm, phase II trial of neoadjuvant concurrent chemo-immuno-radiation therapy followed by surgical resection and adjuvant immunotherapy for resectable stage IIIA-B (discrete N2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (registered at the Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center, Clinical Trials Information-195069). PATIENTS AND METHODS Key inclusion criteria include (1) clinical T1-3/T4 (tumor size) N2 stage IIIA-B NSCLC, and (2) pathologically confirmed N2 without extranodal invasion (based on diagnostic imaging). Patients will receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (carboplatin [area under the curve = 2] and paclitaxel [40 mg/m2] on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29, with involved-field radiation therapy [RT] [dose 50 Gy] on days 1-25) and neoadjuvant immunotherapy (durvalumab [1500 mg] on days 1 and 29). Surgical resection with mediastinal lymph node dissection is performed within 2 to 6 weeks after RT. Consolidation therapy with durvalumab is administered for up to 1 year after surgery. The primary endpoint is major pathologic response (MPR) (≤10% residual viable tumor) according to the central pathological assessment. Secondary endpoints are progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. The sample size is planned to be 31 patients based on the exact binomial distribution with a 1-sided significance level of 5% and a power of 80%, and assuming a threshold MPR rate of 40% and an expected MPR rate of 65%. CONCLUSION This trial will help establish a novel treatment strategy for resectable N2-positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hamada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Junichi Soh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Akito Hata
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Kobe Minimally Invasive Cancer Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nakamatsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oizumi
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidehito Horinouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yoshino
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanahashi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yokomise
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
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Zhong S, Golpon H, Zardo P, Borlak J. miRNAs in lung cancer. A systematic review identifies predictive and prognostic miRNA candidates for precision medicine in lung cancer. Transl Res 2021; 230:164-196. [PMID: 33253979 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and miRNAs play a key role in LC development. To better diagnose LC and to predict drug treatment responses we evaluated 228 articles encompassing 16,697 patients and 12,582 healthy controls. Based on the criteria of ≥3 independent studies and a sensitivity and specificity of >0.8 we found blood-borne miR-20a, miR-10b, miR-150, and miR-223 to be excellent diagnostic biomarkers for non-small cell LC whereas miR-205 is specific for squamous cell carcinoma. The systematic review also revealed 38 commonly regulated miRNAs in tumor tissue and the circulation, thus enabling the prediction of histological subtypes of LC. Moreover, theranostic biomarker candidates with proven responsiveness to checkpoint inhibitor treatments were identified, notably miR-34a, miR-93, miR-106b, miR-181a, miR-193a-3p, and miR-375. Conversely, miR-103a-3p, miR-152, miR-152-3p, miR-15b, miR-16, miR-194, miR-34b, and miR-506 influence programmed cell death-ligand 1 and programmed cell death-1 receptor expression, therefore providing a rationale for the development of molecularly targeted therapies. Furthermore, miR-21, miR-25, miR-27b, miR-19b, miR-125b, miR-146a, and miR-210 predicted response to platinum-based treatments. We also highlight controversial reports on specific miRNAs. In conclusion, we report diagnostic miRNA biomarkers for in-depth clinical evaluation. Furthermore, in an effort to avoid unnecessary toxicity we propose predictive biomarkers. The biomarker candidates support personalized treatment decisions of LC patients and await their confirmation in randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhong
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Golpon
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Zardo
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Kang J, Zhang C, Zhong W. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: State of the art. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:287-302. [PMID: 33689225 PMCID: PMC8045926 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer mortality has decreased over the past decade and can be partly attributed to advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have rapidly evolved from investigational drugs to standard of care for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In particular, antibodies that block inhibitory immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), have revolutionized the treatment of advanced NSCLC, when administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is associated with higher response rates, improved overall survival (OS), and increased tolerability compared with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. These benefits may increase the utility of immunotherapy and its combinational use with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of patients with NSCLC. Early findings from various ongoing clinical trials suggest that neoadjuvant ICIs alone or combined with chemotherapy may significantly reduce systemic recurrence and improve long-term OS or cure rates in resectable NSCLC. Here we further summarize the safety and efficacy of various neoadjuvant treatment regimens including immunotherapy from ongoing clinical trials and elaborate the role of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC. In addition, we discuss several unresolved challenges, including the evaluations to assess neoadjuvant immunotherapy response, the role of adjuvant treatment after neoadjuvant immunotherapy, the efficacy of treatment for oncogenic-addicted tumors, and predictive biomarkers. We also provide our perspective on ways to overcome current obstacles and establish neoadjuvant immunotherapy as a standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung CancerGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510080P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung CancerGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510080P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung CancerGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong510080P. R. China
- Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515P. R. China
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Rijavec E, Indini A, Ghidini M, Tomasello G, Cattaneo M, Barbin F, Grossi F. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab for the first-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:705-713. [PMID: 33719827 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1903322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of several malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The inhibition of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) pathways leads to an activation of the immune response against tumor cells. Thanks to a synergistic effect, the combination of the checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and ipilimumab has the potential to improve outcomes of NSCLC patients. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of clinical trials evaluating the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab in the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC patients. EXPERT OPINION The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab, alone or with a few cycles of chemotherapy, was demonstrated to be a valid option for first-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC patients without EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement. However, a better understanding of patients who can benefit from this approach is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rijavec
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Indini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tomasello
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Cattaneo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Barbin
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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43
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Yamaguchi M, Nakagawa K, Suzuki K, Takamochi K, Ito H, Okami J, Aokage K, Shiono S, Yoshioka H, Aoki T, Tsutani Y, Okada M, Watanabe SI. Surgical challenges in multimodal treatment of N2-stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:333-344. [PMID: 33506253 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, especially mediastinal lymph node metastasis-positive stage IIIA-N2 cancer, is a heterogeneous disease state characterized by anatomically locally advanced disease with latent micrometastases. Thus, surgical resection or radiotherapy alone has historically failed to cure this disease. During the last three decades, persistent efforts have been made to develop a suitable treatment modality to overcome these problems using chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with surgical resection. However, the role of surgical resection remains unclear, and the standard treatment for stage IIIA-N2 disease is concurrent chemoradiotherapy. In general, adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated for completely resected pathological stage IB disease or lymph node metastasis-positive pathological stage II or IIIA disease. Platinum-based doublet cytotoxic chemotherapy is currently the standard regimen. Additionally, post-operative radiotherapy might be indicated for post-operatively proven mediastinal lymph node metastasis; i.e. clinical N0-1 and pathological N2 disease. With the remarkable progression that has recently been made in the field of chemotherapy, such as advances in molecular targeting agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the basic policy of chemotherapy has been shifting to personalized treatment based on the individual patient's oncogene driver mutation status, immune status and other parameters. The same trend is being seen in the treatment of stage IIIA-N2 disease. We should consider the past and upcoming results of several clinical trials to optimize the coming era of personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakagawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takamochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jiro Okami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shiono
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Yoshioka
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Aoki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Pinato DJ, Cortellini A, Sukumaran A, Cole T, Pai M, Habib N, Spalding D, Sodergren MH, Martinez M, Dhillon T, Tait P, Thomas R, Ward C, Kocher H, Yip V, Slater S, Sharma R. PRIME-HCC: phase Ib study of neoadjuvant ipilimumab and nivolumab prior to liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:301. [PMID: 33757459 PMCID: PMC7988931 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After liver resection (LR), patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) are at high risk of recurrence. There are no approved anti-cancer therapies known to affect such risk, highlighting the acute need for novel systemic therapies to control the probability of disease relapse. Immunotherapy is expanding as a novel treatment option for HCC. Emerging data from cohort 4 of the CA209–040 study, which investigated the safety and preliminary efficacy of nivolumab/ipilimumab co-administration in advanced HCC, suggest that the combination can be delivered safely with an acceptable proportion of reversible grade 3–4 toxicities (27.1%) and a low discontinuation rate (2%) in patients with HCC. Here, we describe the design and rationale of PRIME-HCC, a two-part, multi-centre, phase Ib study to assess safety and bioactivity of the nivolumab/ipilimumab combination prior to LR in early-stage HCC. Methods The study involves an initial safety run-in phase (Part 1) to allow for preliminary safety characterisation within the first 6 patients enrolled and a subsequent expansion (Part 2). Ipilimumab will be administered once only on Day 1. Nivolumab will be administered on Day 1 and Day 22 (± 3 days) for a total of two 21-day cycles (i.e. 6 weeks of treatment). The primary objective of the study is to determine the safety and tolerability of the nivolumab/ipilimumab combination prior to LR. The secondary objective is to preliminarily characterize the efficacy of the combination prior to LR, including objective response rate (ORR) and pathologic response rates. Additional exploratory objectives include preliminary evidence of long-term disease control and to identify predictive correlates of response to the nivolumab/ipilimumab combination in HCC. Discussion The results of this study will help define the positioning of neoadjuvant nivolumab/ipilimumab combination in the perioperative management of HCC, with potential to improve survival outcomes in this patient population. Trial registration EudraCT Number: 2018–000987-27 Clinical trial registry & ID: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03682276. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08033-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Pinato
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Via Paolo Solaroli, 17, 28100, Novara, NO, Italy.
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ajithkumar Sukumaran
- NIHR Imperial CRF, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Tom Cole
- NIHR Imperial CRF, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Madhava Pai
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Nagy Habib
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Duncan Spalding
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Mikael H Sodergren
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Maria Martinez
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Tony Dhillon
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey and Department of Oncology, The Royal Surrey Hospital, Egerton Rd, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Paul Tait
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Robert Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Caroline Ward
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
| | - Hemant Kocher
- Barts and The London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Yip
- Barts and The London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Slater
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, W120HS, London, UK
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45
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Cai JS, Li S, Yan SM, Yang J, Yang MZ, Xie CL, Li JB, Feng YF, Yang HX, Hou X. Is major pathologic response sufficient to predict survival in resectable nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy? Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1336-1346. [PMID: 33751832 PMCID: PMC8088941 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major pathologic response (MPR) is mainly focused on residual viable tumor in the tumor bed regardless of lymph node. Herein, we investigated the predictive value of MPR and node status on survival in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery. Methods A total of 194 eligible cases were included. Tumor pathologic response and node status were assessed. Based on these evaluations, patients were divided into the MPR group and the non‐MPR group, the nodal downstaging (ND) group and non‐ND group. Furthermore, patients were assigned into four subgroups (MPR + ND, MPR + non‐ND, non‐MPR + ND, and non‐MPR + non‐ND). Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were compared between groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. Results MPR was identified in 32 patients and ND was present in 108 patients. OS and DFS were better in the MPR group than in the non‐MPR group, but with no statistical significance (OS, p = 0.158; DFS, p = 0.126). The ND group had better OS than the non‐ND group (p = 0.031). However, the DFS between these two groups was comparable (p = 0.103). Further analyses suggested that both OS and DFS were better in the MPR + ND group than in the non‐MPR + non‐ND group (OS, p = 0.017; DFS, p = 0.029). Multivariate analyses confirmed that MPR + ND was an independent favorable predictor. Conclusions MPR combined with ND could improve the predictive value on survival in NSCLC patients receiving NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Sheng Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Mei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Zi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Long Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Xian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Montenegro GB, Farid S, Liu SV. Immunotherapy in lung cancer. J Surg Oncol 2021; 123:718-729. [PMID: 33595888 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as an important treatment modality throughout oncology with a particularly important role in the treatment of lung cancer. Early signals showed responses could be achieved in nonsmall cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer and these monoclonal antibodies have become standards of care for advanced stage disease. They have also shown promise in earlier-stage disease as complements to radiation or surgery, offering the potential for durable, meaningful survival gains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saira Farid
- Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Stephen V Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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47
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Garrido P, Pujol JL, Kim ES, Lee JM, Tsuboi M, Gómez-Rueda A, Benito A, Moreno N, Gorospe L, Dong T, Blin C, Rodrik-Outmezguine V, Passos VQ, Mok TS. Canakinumab with and without pembrolizumab in patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: CANOPY-N study design. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1459-1472. [PMID: 33648347 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canakinumab is a human IgGκ monoclonal antibody, with high affinity and specificity for IL-1β. The Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial, evaluating canakinumab for cardiovascular disease, provided the first signal of the potential of IL-1β inhibition on lung cancer incidence reduction. Here, we describe the rationale and design for CANOPY-N, a randomized Phase II trial evaluating IL-1β inhibition with or without immune checkpoint inhibition as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients with stage IB to IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer eligible for complete resection will receive canakinumab or pembrolizumab as monotherapy, or in combination. The primary end point is major pathological response by central review; secondary end points include overall response rate, major pathological response (local review), surgical feasibility rate and pharmacokinetics. Clinical trial registration: NCT03968419 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward S Kim
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28202, USA
| | - Jay M Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 112-0002, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tuochuan Dong
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Cecile Blin
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Vanessa Q Passos
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Tony Sk Mok
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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48
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Chahoud J, Kohli M, Spiess PE. Management of Advanced Penile Cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:720-732. [PMID: 33308870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare cancer, with approximately 2000 new cases in the United States and 35,000 globally every year. Multiple risk factors are involved in PSCC, but most importantly, the high-risk human papillomavirus infection is thought to be present in approximately 50% of cases. Penile squamous cell carcinoma presents as localized or locally advanced disease. Multiple prognostic markers have been explored over the past 3 decades, but lymph node status remains the strongest predictor of clinical outcomes. Surgical decisions are based on the primary tumor pathologic findings, nodal clinical examination, and imaging results. Most patients with high-risk advanced PSCC benefit from a multimodal treatment approach combining chemotherapy with consolidation surgical treatment. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radiation therapy has not been well explored in PSCC. Prospective clinical studies, like the International Penile Advanced Cancer Trial, have been launched to provide high-level evidence for multimodal treatment. The International Penile Advanced Cancer Trial is the first randomized clinical trial among patients with PSCC and is currently accruing, with the expectation to generate results in 2023. Unfortunately, most patients with high-risk locally advanced PSCC will have relapsed or refractory cancer after cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. These patients have dismal outcomes with salvage chemotherapy, highlighting the major unmet need to expand our knowledge of the disease's biology and develop clinical trials that use novel systemic agents. This narrative review synthesizes relevant publications retrieved from PubMed. Our aim is to discuss current approaches in the management of PSCC, summarize ongoing efforts to improve care, and identify future areas for enhancing our understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL. https://twitter.com/JadChahoud
| | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
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49
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Takumida H, Takeda Y, Naka G. Current state and prospect of the perioperative strategy for non-small cell lung cancer. Glob Health Med 2021; 3:24-30. [PMID: 33688592 PMCID: PMC7936372 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2020.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of perioperative treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including the current widespread use of cytotoxic anticancer agents, promising molecular targeted agents, and immuno-checkpoint inhibitors. Multiple clinical trials have confirmed that postoperative chemotherapy with cytotoxic anticancer agents should be given for stage IIB to III (according to the 8th edition of the TNM classification for NSCLC) if possible, and preoperative treatment also is recommended for patients with N2 or higher stage. However, advances in concurrent chemoradiotherapy are expected to change the significance of neoadjuvant therapy. Perioperative treatment with molecular targeted agents appears to extend disease-free survival, but there is currently no evidence that it can extend overall survival. Perioperative treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors requires further evidence but is likely to be effective. Although perioperative treatment of NSCLC could be costly it continues to evolve in hopes of a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takumida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Naka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Zhou F, Qiao M, Zhou C. The cutting-edge progress of immune-checkpoint blockade in lung cancer. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:279-293. [PMID: 33177696 PMCID: PMC8027847 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Great advances in immune checkpoint blockade have resulted in a paradigm shift in patients with lung cancer. Immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, either as monotherapy or combination therapy, has been established as the standard of care for patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer without EGFR/ALK alterations or extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. An increasing number of clinical trials are also ongoing to further investigate the role of ICIs in patients with early-stage lung cancer as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. Although PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden have been widely studied for patient selection, both of these biomarkers are imperfect. Due to the complex cancer-immune interactions among tumor cells, the tumor microenvironment and host immunity, collaborative efforts are needed to establish a multidimensional immunogram to integrate complementary predictive biomarkers for personalized immunotherapy. Furthermore, as a result of the wide use of ICIs, managing acquired resistance to ICI treatment remains an inevitable challenge. A deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of acquired resistance to ICIs is helpful to overcome these obstacles. In this review, we describe the cutting-edge progress made in patients with lung cancer, the optimal duration of ICI treatment, ICIs in some special populations, the unique response patterns during ICI treatment, the emerging predictive biomarkers, and our understanding of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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