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Singh DN, Bohra JS, Dubey TP, Shivahre PR, Singh RK, Singh T, Jaiswal DK. Common foods for boosting human immunity: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6761-6774. [PMID: 37970422 PMCID: PMC10630845 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We are frequently exposed to potentially harmful microbes of various types on a daily basis. Our immune system is an amazing collection of unique organs and cells that defends us from hazardous germs as well as certain diseases. It plays a crucial role in protecting the body against external invaders, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Maintaining a healthy immune system requires consuming a balanced diet that provides a variety of macro- and micronutrients. By consuming sufficient amounts of water, minerals such as zinc and magnesium, micronutrients, herbs, and foods rich in vitamins C, D, and E, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, one can enhance their health and immunity, and prevent infections. This article provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on common foods known for their potential to boost human immunity. The review begins by discussing the various components of the immune system and their functions. It then delves into the current understanding of how nutrition can influence immune response, highlighting the importance of a well-balanced diet in supporting optimal immune function. The article presents an extensive analysis of a range of common foods that have been studied for their immune-boosting properties. These foods include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and animal-based foods. Each food category is explored in terms of its specific nutrients and bioactive compounds that contribute to immune support. Foods such as milk, eggs, fruits, leafy greens, and spices like onion, garlic, and turmeric contain beneficial compounds that can enhance the immune system's function, activate and inhibit immune cells, and interfere with multiple pathways that eventually lead to improved immune responses and defense. The available literature on the issue was accessed via online resources and evaluated thoroughly as a methodology for preparing this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitendra Singh Bohra
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Tej Pratap Dubey
- Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT)BhaktapurNepal
| | - Pushp Raj Shivahre
- Department of Animal Husbandry and DairyingUdai Pratap Autonomous CollegeVaranasiIndia
| | - Ram Kumar Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Tejbal Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
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Jaberi Darmiyan S, Montazer Torbati MB, Ramin M, Ghiasi SE. Effects of wheat bran replacement with pomegranate seed pulp on rumen fermentation, gas production, methanogen and protozoa populations of camel and goat rumen using competitive PCR technique: An in vitro study. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2901-2911. [PMID: 37864580 PMCID: PMC10650269 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial populations in the rumen play an essential role in the degradation of Cellulosic dietary components and in providing nutrients to the host animal. OBJECTIVE This study aims to detect the effect of pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on rumen fermentation, digestibility and methanogens and the protozoa population (by competitive polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) of the camel and goat rumen fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS PSP was added to the experimental treatments and replaced by wheat bran (0%, 5% and 10%). Rumen fluid was collected from three goats and two camels according to the similarity of sex, breed, origin and time and used for three gas production studies. DNA extraction was performed by the RBB + c method, the ImageJ programme calculated band intensities (target and competing DNA), and line gradients were plotted based on the number of copies and intensity. RESULTS Our result showed that diets did not significantly affect the methanogen and protozoa population. Animal species affected microbial populations so that both populations in camels were less than goats. The production of gas and volatile fatty acids was not affected by diets. These two parameters and NH3 concentration and methane production in goats were higher than in camel. The pH of digested dry matter and microbial protein in camels was higher than in goats. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the competitive PCR technique is an effective method for enumerating rumen microbiota. This supplementation can be considered a strategy to achieve performance and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Jaberi Darmiyan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Montazer Torbati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
- Research Group of Environmental Stress in Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
| | - Mohammad Ramin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Seyed Ehsan Ghiasi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
- Research Group of Environmental Stress in Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Castillo CMS, Caroca R, Lazo-Vélez MA, Antonyak H, Polishchuk A, Lysiuk R, Oliinyk P, De Masi L, Bontempo P, Martorell M, Daştan SD, Rigano D, Wink M, Cho WC. Ellagic Acid: A Review on Its Natural Sources, Chemical Stability, and Therapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3848084. [PMID: 35237379 PMCID: PMC8885183 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3848084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound naturally occurring as secondary metabolite in many plant taxa. EA content is considerable in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and in wood and bark of some tree species. Structurally, EA is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP), a dimeric gallic acid derivative, produced mainly by hydrolysis of ellagitannins, a widely distributed group of secondary metabolites. EA is attracting attention due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative properties. EA displayed pharmacological effects in various in vitro and in vivo model systems. Furthermore, EA has also been well documented for its antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review reports on the health-promoting effects of EA, along with possible mechanisms of its action in maintaining the health status, by summarizing the literature related to the therapeutic potential of this polyphenolic in the treatment of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Caroca
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Group, Science and Technology Faculty, Universidad del Azuay, Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad del Azuay, Grupos Estratégicos de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición Industrial (GEICA-UDA), Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Marco A. Lazo-Vélez
- Universidad del Azuay, Grupos Estratégicos de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición Industrial (GEICA-UDA), Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, INF 329, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Puttaswamy H, Gowtham HG, Ojha MD, Yadav A, Choudhir G, Raguraman V, Kongkham B, Selvaraju K, Shareef S, Gehlot P, Ahamed F, Chauhan L. In silico studies evidenced the role of structurally diverse plant secondary metabolites in reducing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20584. [PMID: 33239694 PMCID: PMC7689506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are endowed with a large pool of structurally diverse small molecules known as secondary metabolites. The present study aims to virtually screen these plant secondary metabolites (PSM) for their possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties targeting four proteins/ enzymes which govern viral pathogenesis. Results of molecular docking with 4,704 ligands against four target proteins, and data analysis revealed a unique pattern of structurally similar PSM interacting with the target proteins. Among the top-ranked PSM which recorded lower binding energy (BE), > 50% were triterpenoids which interacted strongly with viral spike protein-receptor binding domain, > 32% molecules which showed better interaction with the active site of human transmembrane serine protease were belongs to flavonoids and their glycosides, > 16% of flavonol glycosides and > 16% anthocyanidins recorded lower BE against active site of viral main protease and > 13% flavonol glycoside strongly interacted with active site of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The primary concern about these PSM is their bioavailability. However, several PSM recorded higher bioavailability score and found fulfilling most of the drug-likeness characters as per Lipinski's rule (Coagulin K, Kamalachalcone C, Ginkgetin, Isoginkgetin, 3,3'-Biplumbagin, Chrysophanein, Aromoline, etc.). Natural occurrence, bio-transformation, bioavailability of selected PSM and their interaction with the target site of selected proteins were discussed in detail. Present study provides a platform for researchers to explore the possible use of selected PSM to prevent/ cure the COVID-19 by subjecting them for thorough in vitro and in vivo evaluation for the capabilities to interfering with the process of viral host cell recognition, entry and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariprasad Puttaswamy
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India.
| | | | - Monu Dinesh Ojha
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ajay Yadav
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Gourav Choudhir
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vasantharaja Raguraman
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Bhani Kongkham
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Koushalya Selvaraju
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Shazia Shareef
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Priyanka Gehlot
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Faiz Ahamed
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Leena Chauhan
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
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Chen B, Longtine MS, Riley JK, Nelson DM. Antenatal pomegranate juice rescues hypoxia-induced fetal growth restriction in pregnant mice while reducing placental cell stress and apoptosis. Placenta 2018; 66:1-7. [PMID: 29884297 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a need for prophylaxis to reduce placental-associated intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Pomegranate juice (PJ) is replete with phytochemicals having biological effects at non-pharmacological concentrations. We test the hypothesis that exposure of pregnant mice to hypoxia late in gestation induces cellular stress in the placenta, which can be ameliorated by antecedent maternal consumption of PJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS We exposed pregnant mice to 12% or 21% oxygen, with food ad libitum or restricted, and with consumption of PJ or glucose between 12.5 and 18.5 days post conception (dpc). We examined the outcomes of the nine groups (n = 10) at 18.5 dpc, quantifying fetal and placental weights and placental labyrinthine and junctional zone depths and areas. We assayed cellular stress by expression of Hsp90 and apoptosis by TUNEL staining and expression of cleaved caspase 3. RESULTS Maternal exposure to 12% oxygen or food restriction in 21% oxygen, induced IUGR, compared to control. The labyrinth to junctional zone ratio was lower in hypoxic ad libitum, compared to normoxic food-restricted, placentas. Antenatal PJ prior to and during hypoxic exposure significantly improved fetal growth, reduced Hsp90 expression, and limited apoptosis in the labyrinth, while enhancing junctional zone apoptosis. DISCUSSION Maternal exposure to hypoxia induces IUGR, cell stress, and apoptosis in mouse placentas. The labyrinth and junctional zone of the mouse placenta are differentially sensitive to FiO2 and to PJ. PJ offers benefits in the prophylaxis of IUGR in the mouse, but PJ effects on the junctional zone require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine (WUSOM), 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8124, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Mark S Longtine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan K Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D Michael Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Nallanthighal S, Elmaliki KM, Reliene R. Pomegranate Extract Alters Breast Cancer Stem Cell Properties in Association with Inhibition of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1088-1098. [PMID: 28976208 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1359318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have become an important target population in cancer therapy and prevention due to their ability to self-renew, initiate tumors, and resist therapy. We examined whether pomegranate extract (PE) alters characteristics of breast CSCs. Ability to grow as mammospheres is a hallmark of breast CSCs. PE inhibited mammosphere formation in two different cell lines, neoplastic mammary epithelial HMLER and breast cancer Hs578T. In addition, mammosphere-derived cells from PE treatment groups showed reduced mammosphere formation for at least two serial passages. These data indicate that PE inhibits CSC's ability to self-renew. In addition, incubation of mammospheres with PE reversed them into adherent cultures, indicating promotion of CSC differentiation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key program in generating CSCs and maintaining their characteristics. Thus, we examined the effect of PE on EMT. PE reduced cell migration, a major feature of the EMT phenotype. In addition, PE downregulated genes involved in EMT, including the EMT-inducing transcription factor Twist family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1 (TWIST1). This suggests that PE suppresses CSC characteristics in part due to inhibition of EMT. The ability of PE to suppress CSCs can be exploited in the prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Nallanthighal
- a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany, State University of New York , Rensselaer , New York , USA.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Kristine M Elmaliki
- a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany, State University of New York , Rensselaer , New York , USA
| | - Ramune Reliene
- a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany, State University of New York , Rensselaer , New York , USA.,c Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
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Aguilar-Zárate P, Wong-Paz JE, Michel M, Buenrostro-Figueroa J, Díaz HR, Ascacio JA, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Gutiérrez-Sánchez G, Aguilar CN. Characterisation of Pomegranate-Husk Polyphenols and Semi-Preparative Fractionation of Punicalagin. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:433-438. [PMID: 28543801 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pomegranate-husk is the main by-product generated from the pomegranate industry. It is a potential source of compounds highly appreciated by different costumers. Punicalagin is the main compound present in pomegranate-husk. OBJECTIVE To characterise the pomegranate-husk total polyphenols by HPLC-ESI-MS and to establish a method for the recovery of punicalagin using a medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The characterisation of total pomegranate-husk polyphenols was carried out using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Thus, 200 mg of pomegranate-husk polyphenols were fractionated by MPLC. The isolated punicalagin was characterised by HPLC-MS and was tested as standard reagent for the measurement of its scavenging capacity reducing DPPH and ABTS radicals. RESULTS Twenty peaks were identified by analytical HPLC-MS analysis from the pomegranate-husk polyphenols. The main compounds were the punicalagin anomers, punicalin and ellagic acid. The MPLC method allowed three fractions to be obtained. In fraction three 39.40 ± 8.06 mg of punicalagin anomers (purity > 97.9%) were recovered. The scavenging capacity of punicalagin showed an IC50 of 109.53 and 151.50 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. CONCLUSION The MPLC system was an excellent tool for the separation of the main ellagitannins from pomegranate husk and for the isolation of punicalagin anomers. Fraction three was rich in high purity punicalagin anomers. The IC50 was obtained for DPPH and ABTS radicals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Aguilar-Zárate
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Jorge E Wong-Paz
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Mariela Michel
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Juan Buenrostro-Figueroa
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Hugo R Díaz
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Juan A Ascacio
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Juan C Contreras-Esquivel
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | | | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
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Nallanthighal S, Shirode AB, Judd JA, Reliene R. Pomegranate Intake Protects Against Genomic Instability Induced by Medical X-rays In Vivo in Mice. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1349-1356. [PMID: 27673354 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1225104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-documented human carcinogen. The increased use of IR in medical procedures has doubled the annual radiation dose and may increase cancer risk. Genomic instability is an intermediate lesion in IR-induced cancer. We examined whether pomegranate extract (PE) suppresses genomic instability induced by x-rays. Mice were treated orally with PE and exposed to an x-ray dose of 2 Gy. PE intake suppressed x-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in peripheral blood and chromosomal damage in bone marrow. We hypothesized that PE-mediated protection against x-ray-induced damage may be due to the upregulation of DSB repair and antioxidant enzymes and/or increase in glutathione (GSH) levels. We found that expression of DSB repair genes was not altered (Nbs1 and Rad50) or was reduced (Mre11, DNA-PKcs, Ku80, Rad51, Rad52 and Brca2) in the liver of PE-treated mice. Likewise, mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes were reduced (Gpx1, Cat, and Sod2) or were not altered (HO-1 and Sod1) as a function of PE treatment. In contrast, PE-treated mice with and without IR exposure displayed higher hepatic GSH concentrations than controls. Thus, ingestion of pomegranate polyphenols is associated with inhibition of x-ray-induced genomic instability and elevated GSH, which may reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Nallanthighal
- a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany , Rensselaer , New York , USA.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Amit B Shirode
- a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany , Rensselaer , New York , USA.,c Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Julius A Judd
- a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany , Rensselaer , New York , USA.,c Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Ramune Reliene
- a Cancer Research Center , University at Albany , Rensselaer , New York , USA.,c Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
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Bishayee A, Mandal A, Bhattacharyya P, Bhatia D. Pomegranate exerts chemoprevention of experimentally induced mammary tumorigenesis by suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Nutr Cancer 2015; 68:120-30. [PMID: 26699876 PMCID: PMC4784500 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1115094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States and discovery and development of safe chemopreventive drugs is urgently needed. The fruit pomegranate (Punica granatum) is gaining importance because of its various health benefits. This study was initiated to investigate chemopreventive potential of a pomegranate emulsion (PE) against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) rat mammary carcinogenesis. The animals were orally administered with PE (0.2–5.0 g/kg), starting 2 wk before and 16 wk following DMBA treatment. PE exhibited a striking reduction of DMBA-induced mammary tumor incidence, total tumor burden, and reversed histopathological changes. PE dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in mammary tumors. Immunohistochemical studies showed that PE increased intratumor Bax, decreased Bcl2 and manifested a proapoptotic shift in Bax/Bcl2 ratio. In addition, our gene expression study showed PE-mediated upregulation of Bad, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase and cytochrome c in mammary tumors. Thus, PE exerts chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis mediated through upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl2 in concert with caspase cascades. Pomegranate bioactive phytoconstituents could be developed as a chemopreventive drug to reduce the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Animesh Mandal
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio , USA
| | | | - Deepak Bhatia
- d Department of Pharmacogenomics , Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University , Ashburn , Virginia , USA
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Sadik NAH, Shaker OG. Inhibitory effect of a standardized pomegranate fruit extract on Wnt signalling in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2507-17. [PMID: 23722564 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND De-regulation of Wnt signalling is increasingly being implicated in both experimental and human carcinogenesis including colon cancer. AIMS Our goal was to identify possible dietary agents that block Wnt signalling as a step toward investigating new strategies for suppression of colon cancer. Pomegranate extract has emerged as an intriguing candidate due to its polyphenolic content. METHODS We used a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced rat colon carcinogenesis model to investigate the expression pattern of the main key players in Wnt signalling by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that many Wnt-target genes, e.g., Wnt5a, frizzled receptor (FRZ)-8, β-catenin, T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding protein (Tcf4/Lef1), c-myc and cyclin D1, were up-regulated whereas adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and axin1 exhibited down-regulation in colonic tissues of our DMH-colon cancer group compared with the normal group. Standardized pomegranate extract minimised all the aberrant alterations observed in the studied Wnt genes in colonic tissues of the DMH+pomegranate group as compared with the DMH-induced colon cancer group. This effect was also confirmed by the normalization of survival rate, inhibition of tumour incidence and a reduction of serum tumour marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. Histopathological observations provided supportive evidence for the biochemical and molecular analyses. CONCLUSIONS Standardized pomegranate extract holds great promise in the field of colon cancer prevention by dietary agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Abdel Hamid Sadik
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Mathew AS, Capel-Williams GM, Berry SEE, Hall WL. Acute effects of pomegranate extract on postprandial lipaemia, vascular function and blood pressure. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:351-357. [PMID: 23093401 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether a test drink enriched in pomegranate polyphenols, consumed with a high-fat meal, can reduce postprandial lipaemia and improve vascular function and blood pressure compared to placebo. Nineteen young, healthy men completed a randomized, controlled crossover trial. The active drink (containing a pomegranate extract) was consumed during a high-fat meal (ET-DUR) or 15 min before (ET-PRE), and the placebo drink (no pomegranate extract) was consumed during the high-fat meal (CONTROL). Postprandial lipaemia was assessed by venous plasma TAG 0-2 h, and capillary plasma TAG 0-4 h. Blood pressure and digital volume pulse, to measure reflection index (DVP-RI) and stiffness index (DVP-SI), were monitored at baseline, 2 and 4 h. There was no inhibition of postprandial lipaemia by the active drink compared to CONTROL. ET-PRE caused a greater increase in the venous plasma TAG at 2 h compared to CONTROL and ET-DUR (treatment effect P = 0.001). The incremental area under the curve 0-4 h for capillary plasma TAG was not significantly different between treatments. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased in the ET-PRE and ET-DUR groups to a lesser extent than the CONTROL group (treatment effect P = 0.041). There were no treatment effects for DVP-RI, DVP-SI or diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, the consumption of a single drink containing ET-rich pomegranate extract did not decrease postprandial plasma TAG concentrations, but suppressed the postprandial increase in SBP following the high-fat meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarati Susan Mathew
- Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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