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Abdullah AZ, Fitri SA, Muniroh M, Agustini TW. Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fish protein concentrate alters insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and igf binding protein (IGFBP)-3 level of sprague dawley neonate rats-induced malnutrition. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is caused by inadequate protein intake and affects growth factor. High protein from patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fish is a well-known protein source. This study aims to investigate the effect of patin fish protein concentrate (PFPC) in the IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 level of Sprague Dawley (SD) neonate rats-induced malnutrition. Thirty male SD neonate rats were divided randomly into five groups, namely normal control (K1), malnutrition control (K2), malnutrition with PFPC 13.26 mg.g-1 body weight (BW)/day (X1), malnutrition with PFPC 19.89 mg.g-1 BW/d (X2), and malnutrition with casein supplement 13.26 mg.g-1 BW/d (X3). K1 received a standard diet, while the others received a low 8% protein diet (L8PD) since those were born until 21 days. The standard diet was refed for all groups during the intervention (14 days). IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were measured by ELISA. Normal data were analyzed by using One-way ANOVA which then was followed by post-hoc Bonferroni. Meanwhile, the others were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and followed by Mann-Whitney U-test. Spearman test was used for correlation. PFPC contained 81.07% of protein, 4.08% of fat, 7.24% of moisture, 2.77% of ash, and 4.83% of carbohydrate. These contents had affected the growth factor. As a result, in the PFPC intervention, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels (p <0.05) were decreased, while the controls were increased. The decreased values were shown in IGFBP-3 levels (p <0.05) while the increase was shown in both controls. On the other hand, the increase in body weight was shown in all groups, including control ones. A strong correlation was found between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. PFPC has additional value on repairing malnutrition that is the best dose in effecting IGF-1 dan IGFBP3 levels is 13.26 mg.g-1 BW/d.
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Barazani C, Werner H, Laron Z. Changes in plasma amino acids metabolites, caused by long-term IGF-I deficiency, are reversed by IGF-I treatment - A pilot study. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 52:101312. [PMID: 32200226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laron Syndrome (LS), (OMIM# 262500), a rare recessively inherited disease caused by deletions or mutations of the GH receptor, gene characterized by dwarfism with low or undetectable serum IGF-I in the presence of high serum GH. In addition to dwarfism, the IGF-I deficiency leads to metabolic abnormalities including aberrations in protein biosynthesis and homeostasis. The only available treatment for LS patients is (r)IGF-I administration. The present study was aimed to determine the plasma concentrations of specific amino acids and their metabolites in the blood of untreated and IGF-I-treated LS patients. The study involved a total of 10 LS patients (3 untreated and 7 treated), 2 heterozygote mothers and 3aged subjects. Forty healthy boys and girls served as controls. The analysis of amino acids and their metabolites was performed using the LC-MS/MS analysis and Waters Acc-Q Tag ultra-derivatization kit. Serum IGF-I levels were measured by a one-step sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay. The results revealed that long-term IGF-I deficiency in LS patients led to abnormal changes in the plasma amino acids metabolism, such as low levels of plasma citrulline, sarcosine and taurine that increased upon IGF-I replacement. The plasma amino acid levels of the heterozygous family members resembled those of the untreated LS patients, whereas the pattern in the 2 double heterozygote sisters previously treated with IGF-I resembled that of the presently IGF-I-treated patients. In addition, plasma ɑ-amino adipic acid levels were elevated in both untreated and IGF-I-treated patients. In summary our data revealed that LS patients, a condition associated with congenital IGF-I deficiency, have an abnormal plasma amino acid metabolism that is partially restored by IGF-I treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Barazani
- Metabolic Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Zvi Laron
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
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Soliman AT, Itani M, Jour C, Shaat M, Elsiddig S, Souieky F, Al-Naimi N, Alsaadi RK, De Sanctis V. Relation between changes in weight parameters and height parameters in prepubertal children: daily weight gain and BMIi changes in relation to linear growth during nutritional rehabilitation of underweight children. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:7-19. [PMID: 31544802 PMCID: PMC7233683 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i8-s.8516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Early detection of abnormal weight loss or gain in childhood may be important for preventive purposes. Variable growth response to nutrition rehabilitation have been reported in children with failure to thrive (FTT) who do not have any chronic disease or systematic illness due to different clinical and nutritional approach in their management. Aim of the study: To analyze the association of different body mass index (BMI) and BMI- SDS, to linear growth (Ht-SDS) in different BMI categories of prepubertal children. In addition, we studied the effect of weight changes on linear growth in a randomly selected group of prepubertal underweight children who received nutritional rehabilitation (NR) for 9±2 months. Subjects and methods: 102 children, between 1 and 9 years, followed at the General Pediatric Clinic, between January 2017 to December 2017, because of abnormal weight gain (decreased or increased) which was not associated with any acute or chronic illness were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements included weigh, height, Ht-SDS, BMI, and BMI-SDS. Children BMI-SDS were categorized into 4 groups: Group 1: BMI-SDS <-2, group 2: BMI-SDS <-1 but >-2, group 3 BMI-SDS >-1 but <2, group 4 BMI-SDS >2. We also evaluated the effects of weight changes on linear growth in a randomly selected group of underweight children who received nutritional counselling and oral nutritional supplementation (n = 51) for 9±months. Results: HT-SDS in children of groups 1 and 2 (underweight and at risk of underweight children) was significantly lower than Ht-SDS of groups 3 and 4 (normal and overweight children). Ht-SDS in children of group 4 was significantly higher than the Ht-SDS of children in group 3. A significant linear correlation was found between BMI-SDS and Ht-SDS in these prepubertal children. Discussion: After nutritional rehabilitation for a year, 55% of underweight children increased their BMI-SDS and 43% increased their Ht-SDS. Children who had weight gain >7g/d, over the whole period of follow-up, (n =14) increased their BMI-SDS and Ht-SDS significantly after versus before NR. The BMI-SDS and Ht-SDS did not increase significantly in the group of children who had weight gain <7 g/day. 28 children out of 51 improved their BMI-SDS after nutritional rehabilitation (group A) and 23 did not have improvement in their BMI-SDS (Group B). Group A had higher weight gain per day versus group B. Height growth velocity was significantly higher in Group B (7.4±3.6 cm/yr) versus group A (5.7±2.8 cm/yr). Ht-SDS increased significantly in the group of patients who had lower Ht-SDS before NR. Children who had faster linear growth velocity, after nutritional rehabilitation, did not increase their BMI-SDS. Linear regression showed a significant correlation between BMI-SDS and Ht-SDS supporting the notion that proper nutrition and maintaining normal BMI-SDS is essential for adequate gain in height. Conclusion: It appears that calculating the weight gain per day, BMI-SDS and Ht-SDS are clinically useful parameters to detect the effect of weight gain on linear growth and to monitor the nutritional management. Daily weight gain was correlated significantly to height growth rate during nutritional rehabilitation. Based on our findings and literature reports, we suggest an algorithm for follow-up of underweight/ malnourished children based mainly on anthropometric assessment. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Abstract
Malnutrition is a complex disorder, defined by an imbalance, excess, or deficiency of nutrient intake. The visible signs of malnutrition are stunted growth and wasting, but malnourished children are also more likely to have delays in neurocognitive development, vaccine failure, and susceptibility to infection. Despite malnutrition being a major global health problem, we do not yet understand the pathogenesis of this complex disorder. Although lack of food is a major contributor to childhood malnutrition, it is not the sole cause. The mother's prenatal nutritional status, enteric infections, and intestinal inflammation also contribute to the risk of childhood malnutrition and recovery. Here, we discuss another potential risk factor, host and maternal genetics, that may play a role in the risk of malnutrition via several biological pathways. Understanding the genetic risks of malnutrition may help to identify ideal targets for intervention and treatment of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Duggal
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215, USA;
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
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Yang CH, Perumpail BJ, Yoo ER, Ahmed A, Kerner JA. Nutritional Needs and Support for Children with Chronic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101127. [PMID: 29035331 PMCID: PMC5691743 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition has become a dangerously common problem in children with chronic liver disease, negatively impacting neurocognitive development and growth. Furthermore, many children with chronic liver disease will eventually require liver transplantation. Thus, this association between malnourishment and chronic liver disease in children becomes increasingly alarming as malnutrition is a predictor of poorer outcomes in liver transplantation and is often associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition requires aggressive and appropriate management to correct nutritional deficiencies. A comprehensive review of the literature has found that infants with chronic liver disease (CLD) are particularly susceptible to malnutrition given their low reserves. Children with CLD would benefit from early intervention by a multi-disciplinary team, to try to achieve nutritional rehabilitation as well as to optimize outcomes for liver transplant. This review explains the multifactorial nature of malnutrition in children with chronic liver disease, defines the nutritional needs of these children, and discusses ways to optimize their nutritional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Yang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Brandon J Perumpail
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Eric R Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA.
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - John A Kerner
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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Batool R, Butt MS, Sultan MT, Saeed F, Naz R. Protein-energy malnutrition: a risk factor for various ailments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55:242-53. [PMID: 24915388 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.651543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The wheel of industrialization that spun throughout the last century resulted in urbanization coupled with modifications in lifestyles and dietary habits. However, the communities living in developing economies are facing many problems related to their diet and health. Amongst, the prevalence of nutritional problems especially protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrients deficiencies are the rising issues. Moreover, the immunity or susceptibility to infect-parasitic diseases is also directly linked with the nutritional status of the host. Likewise, disease-related malnutrition that includes an inflammatory component is commonly observed in clinical practice thus affecting the quality of life. The PEM is treatable but early detection is a key for its appropriate management. However, controlling the menace of PEM requires an aggressive partnership between the physician and the dietitian. This review mainly attempts to describe the pathophysiology, prevalence and consequences of PEM and aims to highlight the importance of this clinical syndrome and the recent growth in our understanding of the processes behind its development. Some management strategies/remedies to overcome PEM are also the limelight of the article. In the nutshell, early recognition, prompt management, and robust follow up are critical for best outcomes in preventing and treating PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Batool
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Growth Hormone Deficiency and Lysinuric Protein Intolerance: Case Report and Review of the Literature. JIMD Rep 2015; 19:35-41. [PMID: 25614305 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2014_362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI; MIM# 222700) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a defective cationic amino acids (CAA) membrane transport leading to decreased circulating plasma CAA levels and resulting in dysfunction of the urea cycle. Short stature is commonly observed in children with LPI and has been associated with protein malnutrition. A correlation between LPI and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has also been postulated because of the known interaction between the AA arginine, ornithine, and lysine and growth hormone (GH) secretion. Our report describes a case of GHD in an LPI patient, who has not presented a significant increase in growth velocity with recombinant-human GH (rhGH) therapy, suggesting some possible pathogenic mechanisms of growth failure. CASE PRESENTATION The proband was a 6-year-old boy, diagnosed as suffering from LPI, erythrophagocytosis (HP) in bone marrow, and short stature. Two GH provocative tests revealed GHD. The patient started rhGH therapy and a controlled-protein diet initially with supplementation of oral arginine and then of citrulline. At 3-year follow-up, no significant increase in growth velocity and in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels was observed. Inadequate nutrition and low plasmatic levels of arginine, ornithine, lysine, and HP may have contributed to his poor growth. CONCLUSION Our case suggests that growth failure in patients with GHD and LPI treated with rhGH could have a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. Persistently low plasmatic levels of lysine, arginine, and ornithine, associated with dietary protein and caloric restriction and systemic inflammation, could determine a defect in coupling GH to IGF-1 production explaining why GH replacement therapy is not able to significantly improve growth impairment. We hypothesize that a better understanding of growth failure pathophysiology in these patients could lead to the development of more rational strategies to treat short stature in patients with LPI.
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Abstract
Bone mass, geometry and microstructure, and bony tissue material level properties determine bone strength, hence the resistance to fracture. At a given age, all these variables are the consequence of the amount accumulated and of the structure developed during growth, up to the so-called peak bone mass, and of the bone loss and microstructure degradation occurring later in life. Genetic factors primarily contribute to the variance of the determinants of bone strength. Nutritional intakes are environmental factors that influence both processes, either directly by modifying modelling and remodelling, or indirectly through changes in calcitropic hormone secretion and action. Some effects of nutrition on the offspring bone could take place during foetal life. There are interplays between genetic factors, nutritional intakes and physical exercise. Among the nutrients, sufficient dietary intakes of calcium and protein are necessary for bone health in childhood and adolescence as well as later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Maccari P, Wiedemann S, Kunz HJ, Piechotta M, Sanftleben P, Kaske M. Effects of two different rearing protocols for Holstein bull calves in the first 3 weeks of life on health status, metabolism and subsequent performance. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:737-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Maccari
- Clinic for Cattle; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
| | - S. Wiedemann
- Animal Health; Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - H.-J. Kunz
- Department of Animal Housing and Breeding; Chamber of Agriculture for Schleswig-Holstein; Blekendorf Germany
| | - M. Piechotta
- Clinic for Cattle; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
| | - P. Sanftleben
- State Institute for Agriculture and Fishery; Institute for Animal Production; Dummerstorf Germany
| | - M. Kaske
- Clinic for Cattle; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
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The role of biomarkers in evaluating human health concerns from fungal contaminants in food. Nutr Res Rev 2012; 25:162-79. [PMID: 22651937 DOI: 10.1017/s095442241200008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites that globally contaminate an estimated 25 % of cereal crops and thus exposure is frequent in many populations. Aflatoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol are amongst those mycotoxins of particular concern from a human health perspective. A number of risks to health are suggested including cancer, growth faltering, immune suppression and neural tube defects; though only the demonstrated role for aflatoxin in the aetiology of liver cancer is widely recognised. The heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxins in food restricts the usefulness of food sampling and intake estimates; instead biomarkers provide better tools for informing epidemiological investigations. Validated exposure biomarkers for aflatoxin (urinary aflatoxin M(1), aflatoxin-N7-guaunine, serum aflatoxin-albumin) were established almost 20 years ago and were critical in confirming aflatoxins as potent liver carcinogens. Validation has included demonstration of assay robustness, intake v. biomarker level, and stability of stored samples. More recently, aflatoxin exposure biomarkers are revealing concerns of growth faltering and immune suppression; importantly, they are being used to assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies. For fumonisins and deoxynivalenol these steps of development and validation have significantly advanced in recent years. Such biomarkers should better inform epidemiological studies and thus improve our understanding of their potential risk to human health.
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Martins VJB, Toledo Florêncio TMM, Grillo LP, Franco MDCP, Martins PA, Clemente APG, Santos CDL, Vieira MDFA, Sawaya AL. Long-lasting effects of undernutrition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:1817-46. [PMID: 21776204 PMCID: PMC3137999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8061817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Undernutrition is one of the most important public health problems, affecting more than 900 million individuals around the World. It is responsible for the highest mortality rate in children and has long-lasting physiologic effects, including an increased susceptibility to fat accumulation mostly in the central region of the body, lower fat oxidation, lower resting and postprandial energy expenditure, insulin resistance in adulthood, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and a reduced capacity for manual work, among other impairments. Marked changes in the function of the autonomic nervous system have been described in undernourished experimental animals. Some of these effects seem to be epigenetic, passing on to the next generation. Undernutrition in children has been linked to poor mental development and school achievement as well as behavioural abnormalities. However, there is still a debate in the literature regarding whether some of these effects are permanent or reversible. Stunted children who had experienced catch-up growth had verbal vocabulary and quantitative test scores that did not differ from children who were not stunted. Children treated before 6 years of age in day-hospitals and who recovered in weight and height have normal body compositions, bone mineral densities and insulin production and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius J. B. Martins
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2°andar CEP 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.C.P.F.); (A.P.G.C.); (C.D.L.S); (A.L.S.)
| | - Telma M. M. Toledo Florêncio
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Rua Hélio Pradines, 225/301 Ponta Verde, CEP 57035-220 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Luciane P. Grillo
- Professional Masters Program in Health and Work Management, Vale of Itajaí University, Rua Uruguai 458, Bloco 25 B, Sala 402, Centro, CEP 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Maria do Carmo P. Franco
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2°andar CEP 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.C.P.F.); (A.P.G.C.); (C.D.L.S); (A.L.S.)
| | - Paula A. Martins
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Av. Ana Costa, 95 Vila Matias CEP 11060-001, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Ana Paula G. Clemente
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2°andar CEP 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.C.P.F.); (A.P.G.C.); (C.D.L.S); (A.L.S.)
| | - Carla D. L. Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2°andar CEP 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.C.P.F.); (A.P.G.C.); (C.D.L.S); (A.L.S.)
| | - Maria de Fatima A. Vieira
- Nutrition College, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitário, CP 354, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Ana Lydia Sawaya
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2°andar CEP 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.C.P.F.); (A.P.G.C.); (C.D.L.S); (A.L.S.)
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Qin LQ, He K, Xu JY. Milk consumption and circulating insulin-like growth factor-I level: a systematic literature review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 7:330-40. [PMID: 19746296 DOI: 10.1080/09637480903150114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that the circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) level is positively associated with the prostate cancer risk. The association of milk consumption and circulating IGF-I level has been examined in epidemiological studies with inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic literature review to summarize and quantify the current evidence for milk or dairy product consumption and the circulating IGF-I level. We searched relevant papers published in English up to March 2009 in various databases. Fifteen cross-sectional studies and eight randomized controlled trials were finally identified. Ten cross-sectional studies showed statistically positive correlation between milk consumption and the circulating IGF-I level. Randomized controlled trials indicated that the circulating IGF-I level was significantly higher in the milk intervention group. After meta-analysis, the weighted mean difference of the circulating IGF-I level was 13.8 ng/ml (95% confidence interval: 6.1-21.5 ng/ml) comparing the intervention group with the control group. The current evidence suggests that milk consumption may increase the circulating IGF-I level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Kouanda S, Doulougou B, De Coninck V, Habimana L, Sondo B, Tonglet R, Ketelslegers JM, Robert A. Insulin Growth Factor-I in Protein-Energy Malnutrition during Rehabilitation in Two Nutritional Rehabilitation Centres in Burkina Faso. J Trop Med 2009; 2009:832589. [PMID: 20339465 PMCID: PMC2836848 DOI: 10.1155/2009/832589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the relationship between IGF-I and the nutritional status of West-African children hospitalised for nutritional rehabilitation. Patients and methods. A cohort study was performed in two centres for nutritional rehabilitation and education (CREN) in Burkina Faso. Children were followed and the anthropometric data as well as the capillary blood samples were taken on the 7th and on the 14th days after their admission. IGF-I levels were determined from dried blood spots on filter paper on IGF-I RIA, after separation of the IGF-I from its binding proteins, using Sep-Pak chromatography. Results. A total of 59 children was included in the cohort. The IGF-I mean geometric values (SD) were 6.3 (1.4) mug/L on admission, 8.6 (1.8) mug/L at day 7 and 13.6 (2.0) mug/L at day 14. The differences between these values were statistically significant (P < .001). There is a significant correlation between the changes of IGF-I with the change of weight for height Z-score (P = .01). Conclusion. These results suggest that IGF-I can be considered as a potential marker to follow the nutritional status of children admitted in hospital for protein and energy malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kouanda
- Institut de recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Centre national de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ministère des Enseignements Secondaire, Supérieur et de la Recherché Scientifique, BP 7192 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - B. Doulougou
- Institut de recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Centre national de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ministère des Enseignements Secondaire, Supérieur et de la Recherché Scientifique, BP 7192 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - V. De Coninck
- Unité de Diabétologie et de Nutrition, Avenue Hippocrate 54, Bte 5474, 1200 Woluwe Saint Lambert, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L. Habimana
- Unité d'épidémiologie, biostatistique et méthodes opérationnelles en santé publique, Clos Chapelle aux Champs, 30, bte 3058, 1200 Woluwe-saint-Lambert, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B. Sondo
- Institut de recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Centre national de la recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ministère des Enseignements Secondaire, Supérieur et de la Recherché Scientifique, BP 7192 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - R. Tonglet
- Unité d'épidémiologie, biostatistique et méthodes opérationnelles en santé publique, Clos Chapelle aux Champs, 30, bte 3058, 1200 Woluwe-saint-Lambert, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. M. Ketelslegers
- Unité de Diabétologie et de Nutrition, Avenue Hippocrate 54, Bte 5474, 1200 Woluwe Saint Lambert, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Robert
- Unité d'épidémiologie, biostatistique et méthodes opérationnelles en santé publique, Clos Chapelle aux Champs, 30, bte 3058, 1200 Woluwe-saint-Lambert, Brussels, Belgium
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El-Hodhod MA, Emam EK, Zeitoun YA, El-Araby AM. Serum ghrelin in infants with protein-energy malnutrition. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:173-7. [PMID: 19261361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is an appetite and weight physiologic controller. The question is whether there is a relation between ghrelin and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Our aim was to assess serum ghrelin in these patients and its relation to different patient variables. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 PEM infants (12 marasmic=Ia, 10 kwashiorkor=Ib and 8 marasmic kwashiorkor=Ic) and 15 age and sex matched controls (II). Plasma ghrelin was measured in all subjects using radioimmunoassay with thorough medical history and clinical assessment. RESULTS The mean serum ghrelin levels were significantly higher among the 3 patient subgroups than controls with no significant inter-subgroup differences. The presence of intestinal parasitic infestations or edema, type of milk feeding and gender had no significant effects on serum ghrelin levels. CONCLUSION Serum ghrelin is elevated in PEM as an adapting consequence of the malnutrition rather than a primary event. Although this elevation may not be helpful to correct the growth failure because of deficient nutrients, it may prove to have a role in the catch up phenomenon after the recovery. Further research should be directed toward therapeutic trials of ghrelin in the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A El-Hodhod
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt.
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Impaired insulin secretion and decreased expression of the nutritionally responsive ribosomal kinase protein S6K-1 in pancreatic islets from malnourished rats. Life Sci 2008; 82:542-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thomas JV, Mezzasalma DFC, Teixeira AM, Campos LNR, Luescher JL, Beserra ICR, Guimarães MM. [Growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism and ring chromosome 18: case report]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:951-6. [PMID: 17160222 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302006000500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of 18-ring chromosome syndrome and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is extremely rare, with only two reports in the literature. CASE REPORT A one year-old, non-white female was referred due to hypoglycemic seizures. She had developmental delay and poor nutrition. Her physical examination was significant for a weight Z score of -6.95, height Z score of -5,05, cleft palate, epicanthic folds and generalized hypotony. Karyotype was 46XX r(18) (p11,2- q.23)--18 ring chromosome syndrome, the MRI showed an ectopic neurohypophysis. The diagnosis GHD was made due to low GH levels during spontaneous severe hypoglycemia at the age of 16 months. She was started on hGH 0.1 U/kg/day. Three months later, TSH deficiency was diagnosed and L-thyroxin therapy was started. During hGH replacement the hypoglycemic events stopped but after 3 years of hGH therapy, she did not improve growth velocity. DISCUSSION We were unable to find any report of GHD and hypothyroidism associated with the 18-ring chromosome syndrome. Children with 18-ring chromosome should undergo investigation of GHD. In our child with 18-ring syndrome the hGH therapy did not improve growth velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana V Thomas
- Servico de Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagao Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
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18
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Haspolat K, Ece A, Gürkan F, Atamer Y, Tutanç M, Yolbaş I. Relationships between leptin, insulin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in children with energy malnutrition. Clin Biochem 2006; 40:201-5. [PMID: 17208213 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leptin has a key role in energy homeostasis and there may be a link between leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between long-lasting insufficient caloric intake (marasmus), leptin and IGF-1 system. DESIGN AND METHODS The study group consisted of 30 marasmic children and control group included 28 healthy children. After an overnight fasting; leptin, insulin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were measured. RESULTS Marasmic children had significantly lower body weight, height, mid-arm circumference (MAC), skinfold thickness, mean serum leptin, insulin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels compared with healthy subjects (P<0.05). Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly correlated with insulin, MAC and height Z score in patients (P<0.05). In controls, significant positive correlations were found between BMI, IGF-1 and leptin (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Energy malnutrition is characterized by the important decreases in the leptin, insulin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels. Understanding details of these changes may lead to new therapeutic approaches in disease states associated with malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Haspolat
- Department of Pediatrics, Dicle University, Medical School, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Spunt SL, Sweeney TA, Hudson MM, Billups CA, Krasin MJ, Hester AL. Late effects of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma and its treatment in female survivors. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:7143-51. [PMID: 16192598 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To document the spectrum and severity of late effects in female survivors of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and outcome data of the 26 females treated for pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma at our institution between March 1962 and December 1996 who survived free of disease for 5 or more years. Adverse effects that occurred 5 or more years after diagnosis were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. RESULTS The most common tumor sites were vagina (n = 7), pelvis/retroperitoneum (n = 6), and bladder (n = 4). All patients received chemotherapy (alkylating agent, n = 23; doxorubicin, n = 16); 22 received radiotherapy (median dose, 46 Gy). Median follow-up of the 23 survivors was 20.3 years. Late effects occurred in 24 patients, 23 of whom had grade 3/4 late effects (median grade 3/4 late effects per patient, three; range, zero to 14). Fourteen patients (54%) required surgery for late complications. The 22 patients who had received radiotherapy had a greater median number of late effects per patient than did the remaining four (9.5 v one; P = .002). The median number of late effects per patient was higher in the 12 patients treated during or after 1984 than in the 14 treated earlier (12.5 v 6.5; P = .041). CONCLUSION The burden of late effects in girls treated for pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma is significant and does not seem to be diminishing with advances in treatment. Prospective studies are needed to better assess the impact of these late effects on quality of life and functional outcome, and to refine the treatment approach to pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Spunt
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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Rising R, Scaglia JF, Cole C, Tverskaya R, Duro D, Lifshitz F. Exogenous recombinant human growth hormone effects during suboptimal energy and zinc intake. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2005; 2:10. [PMID: 15817131 PMCID: PMC1087503 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Energy and Zinc (Zn) deficiencies have been associated with nutritional related growth retardation as well as growth hormone (GH) resistance. In this study, the relationship between suboptimal energy and/or Zn intake and growth in rats and their response to immunoreactive exogenous recombinant human GH (GHi), was determined. Results Rats treated with GHi and fed ad-libitum energy and Zn (100/100) had increased IGFBP-3 (p < 0.05) as compared with NSS (215 ± 23 vs. 185 ± 17 ng/ml) along with similar body weight gain. Rats treated with GHi and fed suboptimal energy and full Zn (70/100) had significantly increased weight gain (109.0 ± 18.2 vs. 73.8 ± 11.0 g) and serum IGF-I levels (568 ± 90 vs. 420 ± 85 ng/ml), along with decreased total body water (TBW; 61.0 ± 1.6 vs. 65.7 ± 2.1%) as compared to NSS controls. However, body weight gain was reduced (p < 0.05) as compared with rats fed ad-libitum energy. Growth hormone treated rats fed only suboptimal Zn (100/70), had increased weight gain (217.5 ± 13.2 vs. 191.6 ± 17.9 g; p < 0.05) compared to those given NSS. These rats gained weight in similar amounts to those fed full Zn. Rats treated with GHi and fed both suboptimal energy and Zn (70/70) showed similar results to those fed suboptimal energy with appropriate Zn (70/100), along with significant increases in IGFBP-3 levels (322 ± 28 vs. 93 ± 28 ng/ml). All restricted rats had reduced 24-h EE (kcal/100 g BW) and physical activity index (oscillations/min/kg BW) and GHi did not overcome these effects. Conclusion These results suggest that GHi enhances weight gain in rats with suboptimal energy and Zn intake but does not modify energy expenditure or physical activity index. Suboptimal Zn intake did not exacerbate the reduced growth or decrease in energy expenditure observed with energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Rising
- EMTAC Inc., 514 Santander Ave, #5, Coral Gables, FL 33134 USA
| | - Julio F Scaglia
- Lawndale Medical Clinic, 7109-B Lawndale Ave., Houston, TX 77023 USA
| | - Conrad Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 2040 Ridgewood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | | | - Debora Duro
- Children's Hospital Boston, Dept. of Gastroenterology, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Fima Lifshitz
- Sansum Medical Research Institute, 2219 Bath Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA
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Abstract
Children undergoing successful renal transplantation anticipate optimal growth and development. The use of rhGH pre- and post-Tx has been evaluated and supported by randomized control trials. Several strategies are required to maximize the potential benefit of this treatment in the renal population including provision of adequate nutrition intake, following bone parameters with appropriate interventions, and strategies to reduce steroid therapy including utilization of alternate day steroid treatment. Studies are required to further assess the impact of rhGH on renal allograft function, rejection risk, and allograft ultrastructural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Acott
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9 Rigshopitalet, Section 5064, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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Pascal N, Amouzou EKS, Sanni A, Namour F, Abdelmouttaleb I, Vidailhet M, Guéant JL. Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin are elevated in kwashiorkor and anorexia nervosa but not in marasmus. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:239-44. [PMID: 12081841 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/76.1.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Customary blood protein markers for malnutrition are of limited value in the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition or anorexia nervosa in children and in the follow-up to refeeding in such children. OBJECTIVES For these diseases, we compared the diagnostic value of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with that of albumin, transferrin, transthyretin, and retinal binding protein and determined the relations between concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and SHBG. DESIGN SHBG was assayed in children with protein-energy malnutrition (29 children with kwashiorkor and 28 with marasmus), in 29 anorectic girls (before and after refeeding), and in age- and sex-matched control subjects. RESULTS Mean (+/-SE) serum SHBG concentrations were higher in the children with kwashiorkor (0.18 +/- 0.07 micromol/L) than in the children with marasmus (0.11 +/- 0.05 micromol/L, P < 0.0001) or the control subjects (0.11 +/- 0.03 micromol/L, P < 0.0005). In the children with anorexia nervosa before weight gain, serum SHBG concentrations were significantly higher (0.10 +/- 0.04 micromol/L) than in the age-matched control subjects (0.06 +/- 0.03 micromol/L, P < 0.001) and decreased significantly after 30 d of refeeding (0.04 +/- 0.01 micromol/L, P < 0.0001). This decrease was negatively correlated with insulin-like growth factor I but not with insulin. Mean serum SHBG concentrations were influenced neither by inflammation, as indicated when C-reactive protein was used as a marker (0.27 +/- 0.27, 0.34 +/- 0.42, and <0.04 micromol/L in the children with marasmus, kwashiorkor, and anorexia nervosa, respectively), nor by glomerular filtration, as indicated when cystatin-C was used as a marker (68.46 +/- 23.08, 66.90 +/- 43.08, and 49.23 +/- 7.69 micromol/L, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The high SHBG concentration observed in anorexia nervosa and kwashiorkor seems to be of multifactorial origin. For these 2 diseases, SHBG is a reliable marker of nutritional status, is unrelated to either C-reactive protein or cystatin-C, and may be helpful in distinguishing kwashiorkor from marasmus and as a follow-up marker after refeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pascal
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire en Nutrition, EMI INSERM 0014 et URM IFREMER 20, Faculté de Médecine, Vandoeuvre, France
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Bel J, Natal A, Cachadiña F, Mainou A, Granada ML, Rodrigo C. [Growth retardation and nutritional status in foster children]. Med Clin (Barc) 2002; 118:86-9. [PMID: 11825548 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(02)72294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our main objective was to determine growth retardation in children entering a foster home and catch-up growth at the end of the stay. We also analyzed the nutritional status and its relationship with growth retardation. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Height and weight were determined in 118 children, aged between one month and fifteen years; they were examined at admission and at the time of leaving the center. In another group of 31 prepubertal children, we analized their nutritional status determining the body mass index, prealbumin, retinol binding protein, GHBP, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and leptin at admission. RESULTS 31 (26.2%) out of the of the 118 children group had a height deficit (height < 2 SDS) at admission. 32 (27.1%) of the overall group of children showed significant catch-up growth after their stay at the foster home, and 15 (46.8%) of them showed a catch-up growth > 0.5 SDS. Children below two years of age showed the most important growth deficit. The nutritional status study showed normal results in all parameters in the 31 children group. Significant correlations were observed between IGF-I and weight/height, IGFBP-3 and weight/height, GHBP and body mass index, and leptin and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS An important proportion of children showed significant growth retardation at entering a foster home, although a significant catch-up growth was observed at the end of their stay. Growth failure in this population does not appear to be related to the nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Bel
- Servicios de Pediatría, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
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Carrillo A, Rising R, Tverskaya R, Lifshitz F. Effects of exogenous recombinant human growth hormone on an animal model of suboptimal nutrition. J Am Coll Nutr 1998; 17:276-81. [PMID: 9627915 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1998.10718759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional dwarfing, a form of suboptimal nutrition, has been identified as a frequent cause of short stature and delayed sexual development in children. Retarded growth is an adaptive response to suboptimal nutrition. OBJECTIVE To assess whether recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) may promote growth during various levels of suboptimal nutrition. METHODS Using a previously developed rat model of suboptimal nutrition, six groups of rats (six rats/group) were fed a balanced 1:1 carbohydrate:fat ratio diet for 4 weeks. Three of the groups were administered daily injections of rhGH (0.1 mg/100 g BW) subcutaneously in the back while the other three groups were kept as controls and were given similar dosages of normal saline solution (NSS). Restricted rats within each treatment group were pair fed 80 and 60% of the ad-libitum rats intake. Daily intake of the 80 and 60% fed groups were determined based on the intake of the ad-libitum fed groups. Serum IGF-I and insulin were determined after 4 weeks of dietary treatment by radioimmunoassay while IGFBP-3 was determined by an immunoradiometric assay. Body composition was assessed in all rats by carcass analysis. RESULTS After 4 weeks, total weight gain and tail growth were higher (p < 0.05) in the rhGH treated group at 80 and 60% of-libitum energy intake. Serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were higher (p < 0.05) in rhGH treated rats fed at 60% of ad-libitum. In comparison to the NSS groups, administration of rhGH in rats fed ad-libitum increased total body water. Energy restriction caused decreased fat percentage (p < 0.05) in both rhGH and NSS groups without differences among treated groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the anabolic effects of rhGH may overcome mild to moderate energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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