1
|
Mesdom P, Colle R, Lebigot E, Trabado S, Deflesselle E, Fève B, Becquemont L, Corruble E, Verstuyft C. Human Dermal Fibroblast: A Promising Cellular Model to Study Biological Mechanisms of Major Depression and Antidepressant Drug Response. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:301-318. [PMID: 31631822 PMCID: PMC7327943 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191021141057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) can be used as a cellular model relatively easily and without genetic engineering. Therefore, HDF represent an interesting tool to study several human diseases including psychiatric disorders. Despite major depressive disorder (MDD) being the second cause of disability in the world, the efficacy of antidepressant drug (AD) treatment is not sufficient and the underlying mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms of action of AD are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to highlight the potential of HDF in the study of cellular mechanisms involved in MDD pathophysiology and in the action of AD response. METHODS The first part is a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines on the use of HDF in MDD research. The second part reports the mechanisms and molecules both present in HDF and relevant regarding MDD pathophysiology and AD mechanisms of action. RESULTS HDFs from MDD patients have been investigated in a relatively small number of works and most of them focused on the adrenergic pathway and metabolism-related gene expression as compared to HDF from healthy controls. The second part listed an important number of papers demonstrating the presence of many molecular processes in HDF, involved in MDD and AD mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION The imbalance in the number of papers between the two parts highlights the great and still underused potential of HDF, which stands out as a very promising tool in our understanding of MDD and AD mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Céline Verstuyft
- Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Salle 416, Bâtiment Université, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Tel: +33145213588; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phadke R. Myopathology of Adult and Paediatric Mitochondrial Diseases. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070064. [PMID: 28677615 PMCID: PMC5532572 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles ubiquitously present in nucleated eukaryotic cells, subserving multiple metabolic functions, including cellular ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The OXPHOS machinery comprises five transmembrane respiratory chain enzyme complexes (RC). Defective OXPHOS gives rise to mitochondrial diseases (mtD). The incredible phenotypic and genetic diversity of mtD can be attributed at least in part to the RC dual genetic control (nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)) and the complex interaction between the two genomes. Despite the increasing use of next-generation-sequencing (NGS) and various omics platforms in unravelling novel mtD genes and pathomechanisms, current clinical practice for investigating mtD essentially involves a multipronged approach including clinical assessment, metabolic screening, imaging, pathological, biochemical and functional testing to guide molecular genetic analysis. This review addresses the broad muscle pathology landscape including genotype–phenotype correlations in adult and paediatric mtD, the role of immunodiagnostics in understanding some of the pathomechanisms underpinning the canonical features of mtD, and recent diagnostic advances in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Phadke
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vos M, Geens A, Böhm C, Deaulmerie L, Swerts J, Rossi M, Craessaerts K, Leites EP, Seibler P, Rakovic A, Lohnau T, De Strooper B, Fendt SM, Morais VA, Klein C, Verstreken P. Cardiolipin promotes electron transport between ubiquinone and complex I to rescue PINK1 deficiency. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:695-708. [PMID: 28137779 PMCID: PMC5346965 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201511044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease–causing mutations in PINK1 yield mitochondrial defects including inefficient electron transport between complex I and ubiquinone. Vos et al. show that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid synthase bypass these complex I defects in fly, mouse, and human Parkinson’s disease models. PINK1 is mutated in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and mutations cause mitochondrial defects that include inefficient electron transport between complex I and ubiquinone. Neurodegeneration is also connected to changes in lipid homeostasis, but how these are related to PINK1-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is unknown. Based on an unbiased genetic screen, we found that partial genetic and pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) suppresses toxicity induced by PINK1 deficiency in flies, mouse cells, patient-derived fibroblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived dopaminergic neurons. Lower FASN activity in PINK1 mutants decreases palmitate levels and increases the levels of cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondrial inner membrane–specific lipid. Direct supplementation of CL to isolated mitochondria not only rescues the PINK1-induced complex I defects but also rescues the inefficient electron transfer between complex I and ubiquinone in specific mutants. Our data indicate that genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of FASN to increase CL levels bypasses the enzymatic defects at complex I in a PD model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vos
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Research Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ann Geens
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Research Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudia Böhm
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Liesbeth Deaulmerie
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Research Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Swerts
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Research Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Rossi
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Craessaerts
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Research Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elvira P Leites
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Rakovic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thora Lohnau
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Research Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa A Morais
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Research Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium .,Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Research Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harvengt J, Wanty C, De Paepe B, Sempoux C, Revencu N, Smet J, Van Coster R, Lissens W, Seneca S, Weekers L, Sokal E, Debray FG. Clinical variability in neurohepatic syndrome due to combined mitochondrial DNA depletion and Gaucher disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:223-231. [PMID: 27896091 PMCID: PMC5121303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 1-year-old girl born to consanguineous parents presented with unexplained liver failure, leading to transplantation at 19 months. Subsequent partial splenectomy for persistent cytopenia showed the presence of foamy cells, and Gaucher disease was confirmed by homozygosity for the p.Leu483Pro mutation in the GBA gene. She was treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Clinical follow-up showed mild developmental delay, strabismus, nystagmus and oculomotor apraxia. Biochemical studies revealed multiple respiratory chain deficiencies and a mosaic pattern of deficient complex IV immunostaining in liver and fibroblast. Molecular analysis identified a mtDNA depletion syndrome due to the homozygous p.Pro98Leu mutation in MPV17. A younger sister unaffected by mtDNA depletion, presented with pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. ERT for Gaucher disease resulted in visceral normalization without any neurological symptom. A third sister, affected by both conditions, had marked developmental delay, strabismus and ophthalmoplegia but no liver cirrhosis. In conclusion, intrafamilal variability occurs in MPV17-related disease. The combined pathological effect of Gaucher and mitochondrial diseases can negatively impact neurological and liver functions and influence the outcome in consanguineous families. The immunocytochemical staining of OXPHOS protein in tissues and cultured cells is a powerful tool revealing mosaic pattern of deficiency pointing to mtDNA-related mitochondrial disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Harvengt
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medical Genetics, CHU-CHC, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Wanty
- Liver Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boel De Paepe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Department of pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Revencu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joél Smet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudy Van Coster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willy Lissens
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital AZ-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Seneca
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital AZ-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Weekers
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Medical Genetics, CHU-CHC, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Liver Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Bon BWM, Oortveld MAW, Nijtmans LG, Fenckova M, Nijhof B, Besseling J, Vos M, Kramer JM, de Leeuw N, Castells-Nobau A, Asztalos L, Viragh E, Ruiter M, Hofmann F, Eshuis L, Collavin L, Huynen MA, Asztalos Z, Verstreken P, Rodenburg RJ, Smeitink JA, de Vries BBA, Schenck A. CEP89 is required for mitochondrial metabolism and neuronal function in man and fly. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3138-51. [PMID: 23575228 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the human mitochondrial proteome consists of 1000-1500 distinct proteins. The majority of these support the various biochemical pathways that are active in these organelles. Individuals with an oxidative phosphorylation disorder of unknown cause provide a unique opportunity to identify novel genes implicated in mitochondrial biology. We identified a homozygous deletion of CEP89 in a patient with isolated complex IV deficiency, intellectual disability and multisystemic problems. CEP89 is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved gene of unknown function. Immunocytochemistry and cellular fractionation experiments showed that CEP89 is present both in the cytosol and in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Furthermore, we ascertained in vitro that downregulation of CEP89 resulted in a severe decrease in complex IV in-gel activity and altered mobility, suggesting that the complex is aberrantly formed. Two-dimensional BN-SDS gel analysis revealed that CEP89 associates with a high-molecular weight complex. Together, these data confirm a role for CEP89 in mitochondrial metabolism. In addition, we modeled CEP89 loss of function in Drosophila. Ubiquitous knockdown of fly Cep89 decreased complex IV activity and resulted in complete lethality. Furthermore, Cep89 is required for mitochondrial integrity, membrane depolarization and synaptic transmission of photoreceptor neurons, and for (sub)synaptic organization of the larval neuromuscular junction. Finally, we tested neuronal Cep89 knockdown flies in the light-off jump reflex habituation assay, which revealed its role in learning. We conclude that CEP89 proteins play an important role in mitochondrial metabolism, especially complex IV activity, and are required for neuronal and cognitive function across evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bregje W M van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Paepe B. Mitochondrial Markers for Cancer: Relevance to Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis and General Understanding of Malignant Disease Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/217162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display changes that aid them to escape from cell death, sustain their proliferative powers, and shift their metabolism toward glycolytic energy production. Mitochondria are key organelles in many metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, and the adaptation of mitochondrial function has been recognized as crucial to the changes that occur in cancer cells. This paper zooms in on the pathologic evaluation of mitochondrial markers for diagnosing and staging of human cancer and determining the patients’ prognoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boel De Paepe
- Laboratories for Neuropathology & Mitochondrial Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, Building K5 3rd Floor, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fluorescence imaging of mitochondria in cultured skin fibroblasts: a useful method for the detection of oxidative phosphorylation defects. Pediatr Res 2012; 72:232-40. [PMID: 22728747 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) into the intermembrane space, creating an electric membrane potential (ΔΨ) that is used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Defects in one or more of the OXPHOS complexes are associated with a variety of clinical symptoms, often making it difficult to pinpoint the causal mutation. METHODS In this article, a microscopic method for the quantitative evaluation of ΔΨ in cultured skin fibroblasts is described. The method using 5,5',6,6'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) fluorescence staining was tested in a selection of OXPHOS-deficient cell lines. RESULTS A significant reduction of ΔΨ was found in the cell lines of patients with either an isolated defect in complex I, II, or IV or a combined defect (complex I + complex IV). ΔΨ was not reduced in the fibroblasts of two patients with severe complex V deficiency. Addition of the complex I inhibitor rotenone induced a significant reduction of ΔΨ and perinuclear relocalization of the mitochondria. In cells with a heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defect, a more heterogeneous reduction of ΔΨ was detected. CONCLUSION Our data show that imaging of ΔΨ in cultured skin fibroblasts is a useful method for the evaluation of OXPHOS functioning in cultured cell lines.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vos M, Esposito G, Edirisinghe JN, Vilain S, Haddad DM, Slabbaert JR, Van Meensel S, Schaap O, De Strooper B, Meganathan R, Morais VA, Verstreken P. Vitamin K2 is a mitochondrial electron carrier that rescues pink1 deficiency. Science 2012; 336:1306-10. [PMID: 22582012 DOI: 10.1126/science.1218632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Human UBIAD1 localizes to mitochondria and converts vitamin K(1) to vitamin K(2). Vitamin K(2) is best known as a cofactor in blood coagulation, but in bacteria it is a membrane-bound electron carrier. Whether vitamin K(2) exerts a similar carrier function in eukaryotic cells is unknown. We identified Drosophila UBIAD1/Heix as a modifier of pink1, a gene mutated in Parkinson's disease that affects mitochondrial function. We found that vitamin K(2) was necessary and sufficient to transfer electrons in Drosophila mitochondria. Heix mutants showed severe mitochondrial defects that were rescued by vitamin K(2), and, similar to ubiquinone, vitamin K(2) transferred electrons in Drosophila mitochondria, resulting in more efficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction was rescued by vitamin K(2) that serves as a mitochondrial electron carrier, helping to maintain normal ATP production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vos
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
L'Erario I, Frezzolini A, Ruggiero B, De Pità O, Emma F, Gianviti A. Usefulness of skin immunofluorescence for distinguishing SLE from SLE-like renal lesions: a pilot study. Pediatr Nephrol 2011; 26:77-83. [PMID: 20938690 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-010-1655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) may represent a diagnostic problem, particularly in pediatric patients that present with typical histological lesions but do not fulfill the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Based on the well-described deposition of immunoglobulins (Ig) and complement at the dermoepithelial junction in SLE, we hypothesized that skin biopsies may help in the diagnosis of LN. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a pilot study, performing a skin biopsy in 22 patients with LN and 13 patients with lupus-like lesions, regardless of the time elapsed from onset of renal disease. The latter group of patients was further divided into a purely renal group, designated as isolated full-house nephropathy (FHN), and a dubious cases group, presenting with additional clinical and biological features consistent with SLE but insufficient for diagnosing SLE. None of the 6 isolated FHN patients had positive skin immunofluorescence. Conversely, 5/7 patients in the dubious cases group (p<0.02) and 13/22 in the LN group (p<0.002) had positive staining for C1q, and 5/7 patients in the dubious cases group (p<0.02) and 16/22 patients in the LN group (p<0.001) had positive staining for IgM. No correlation was observed with the time elapsed from the initial diagnosis. These data suggest that skin biopsies may help distinguishing LN from isolated FHN. In addition, they identify an intermediate group of patients with evidence of systemic involvement despite the absence of a sufficient number of ARA criteria to be labeled as SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines L'Erario
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morais VA, Verstreken P, Roethig A, Smet J, Snellinx A, Vanbrabant M, Haddad D, Frezza C, Mandemakers W, Vogt-Weisenhorn D, Van Coster R, Wurst W, Scorrano L, De Strooper B. Parkinson's disease mutations in PINK1 result in decreased Complex I activity and deficient synaptic function. EMBO Mol Med 2010; 1:99-111. [PMID: 20049710 PMCID: PMC3378121 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.200900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the mitochondrial PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue)-induced kinase1 (PINK1) are important causes of recessive Parkinson disease (PD). Studies on loss of function and overexpression implicate PINK1 in apoptosis, abnormal mitochondrial morphology, impaired dopamine release and motor deficits. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying these various phenotypes remains to be clarified. Using fruit fly and mouse models we show that PINK1 deficiency or clinical mutations impact on the function of Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in mitochondrial depolarization and increased sensitivity to apoptotic stress in mammalian cells and tissues. In Drosophila neurons, PINK1 deficiency affects synaptic function, as the reserve pool of synaptic vesicles is not mobilized during rapid stimulation. The fundamental importance of PINK1 for energy maintenance under increased demand is further corroborated as this deficit can be rescued by adding ATP to the synapse. The clinical relevance of our observations is demonstrated by the fact that human wild type PINK1, but not PINK1 containing clinical mutations, can rescue Complex 1 deficiency. Our work suggests that Complex I deficiency underlies, at least partially, the pathogenesis of this hereditary form of PD. As Complex I dysfunction is also implicated in sporadic PD, a convergence of genetic and environmental causes of PD on a similar mitochondrial molecular mechanism appears to emerge.
Collapse
|
11
|
Paepe BD, Bleecker JLD, Coster RV. Histochemical Methods for the Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; Chapter 19:Unit19.2. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hg1902s63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boel De Paepe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Metabolism, and Neuromuscular Reference Center Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan L. De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudy Van Coster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Metabolism, and Neuromuscular Reference Center Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roels F, Verloo P, Eyskens F, François B, Seneca S, De Paepe B, Martin JJ, Meersschaut V, Praet M, Scalais E, Espeel M, Smet J, Van Goethem G, Van Coster R. Mitochondrial mosaics in the liver of 3 infants with mtDNA defects. BMC Clin Pathol 2009; 9:4. [PMID: 19500334 PMCID: PMC2706255 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In muscle cytochrome oxidase (COX) negative fibers (mitochondrial mosaics) have often been visualized. Methods COX activity staining of liver for light and electron microscopy, muscle stains, blue native gel electrophoresis and activity assays of respiratory chain proteins, their immunolocalisation, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis. Results Three unrelated infants showed a mitochondrial mosaic in the liver after staining for COX activity, i.e. hepatocytes with strongly reactive mitochondria were found adjacent to cells with many negative, or barely reactive, mitochondria. Deficiency was most severe in the patient diagnosed with Pearson syndrome. Ragged-red fibers were absent in muscle biopsies of all patients. Enzyme biochemistry was not diagnostic in muscle, fibroblasts and lymphocytes. Blue native gel electrophoresis of liver tissue, but not of muscle, demonstrated a decreased activity of complex IV; in both muscle and liver subcomplexes of complex V were seen. Immunocytochemistry of complex IV confirmed the mosaic pattern in two livers, but not in fibroblasts. MRI of the brain revealed severe white matter cavitation in the Pearson case, but only slight cortical atrophy in the Alpers-Huttenlocher patient, and a normal image in the 3rd. MtDNA in leucocytes showed a common deletion in 50% of the mtDNA molecules of the Pearson patient. In the patient diagnosed with Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome, mtDNA was depleted for 60% in muscle. In the 3rd patient muscular and hepatic mtDNA was depleted for more than 70%. Mutations in the nuclear encoded gene of POLG were subsequently found in both the 2nd and 3rd patients. Conclusion Histoenzymatic COX staining of a liver biopsy is fast and yields crucial data about the pathogenesis; it indicates whether mtDNA should be assayed. Each time a mitochondrial disorder is suspected and muscle data are non-diagnostic, a liver biopsy should be recommended. Mosaics are probably more frequent than observed until now. A novel pathogenic mutation in POLG is reported. Tentative explanations for the mitochondrial mosaics are, in one patient, unequal partition of mutated mitochondria during mitoses, and in two others, an interaction between products of several genes required for mtDNA maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Roels
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, block A, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zecic A, Smet JE, Praeter CMD, Vanhaesebrouck P, Viscomi C, Broecke CVD, Paepe BD, Lohse P, Martin JJ, Jackson JG, Campbell CR, Meirleir LJD, Zeviani M, Seneca SH, Lissens W, Coster RNV. Lactic acidosis in a newborn with adrenal calcifications. Pediatr Res 2009; 66:317-22. [PMID: 19581830 PMCID: PMC7101825 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181b40a80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A patient is reported who presented in the newborn period with an unusual combination of congenital lactic acidosis and bilateral calcifications in the adrenal medulla, visible on standard abdominal x-ray and ultrasound examination. At birth, the proband was hypotonic and dystrophic. She developed respiratory insufficiency, cardiomegaly, and hepatomegaly and died at the age of 38 d. Examination of postmortem heart muscle revealed multiple areas of myocardial infarction with dystrophic calcifications. In the medulla of the adrenal glands, foci of necrosis and calcifications, and in the liver, multiple zones of necrosis and iron deposition were detected. Biochemical analysis in heart muscle revealed a decreased activity of complex IV of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and in liver a combined deficiency involving the complexes I, III, IV, and V. The findings were suggestive of a defect in biosynthesis of the mitochondrially encoded subunits of the OXPHOS complexes. Extensive analysis of the proband's mitochondrial DNA revealed neither pathogenic deletions and point mutations nor copy number alterations. Relative amounts of mitochondrial transcripts for the ribosomal mitochondrial 12S rRNA (12S) and mitochondrial 16S rRNA (16S) were significantly increased suggesting a compensatory mechanism involving the transcription machinery to low levels of translation. The underlying molecular defect has not been identified yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zecic
- Departments of Neonatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000 Belgium
| | - Joél E Smet
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000 Belgium
| | | | | | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico “C. Besta,”, Milan, 20126 Italy
| | | | - Boel De Paepe
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000 Belgium
| | - Peter Lohse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Munich, Munich, 81377 Germany
| | | | - Joshua G Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Colin R Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Linda J De Meirleir
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, 1090 Belgium
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico “C. Besta,”, Milan, 20126 Italy
| | - Sara H Seneca
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, 1090 Belgium
| | - Willy Lissens
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, 1090 Belgium
| | - Rudy N Van Coster
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000 Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial diseases are a major category of childhood illness that produce a wide variety of symptoms and multisystemic disorders. This review highlights recent clinically important developments in diagnostic evaluation and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Major advances have been made in understanding the genetic bases of mitochondrial diseases. Molecular defects have recently been reported in mitochondrial DNA maintenance, RNA translation and protein import and in mitochondrial fusion and fission, opening new areas of cell disorder. Diagnostic testing is struggling to keep pace with these fundamental discoveries. The diagnostic approach to children suspected of mitochondrial disease is rapidly evolving but few patients have a molecular diagnosis. A better notion of the prognosis of affected children is emerging from studies of long-term outcome. Some therapeutic successes are reported, such as in coenzyme Q deficiency conditions. SUMMARY Mitochondrial diseases can present with signs in almost any organ. Well planned clinical evaluation is the key to successful diagnostic work-up of mitochondrial diseases. An approach is presented for further testing in specialized laboratories. Mitochondrial diseases can be caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA or, more commonly in children, in nuclear genes. Mitochondrial DNA mutations pose special challenges for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. Supportive treatment and avoidance of environmental stresses are important aspects of patient care. Specific treatment of mitochondrial diseases is in its infancy and is a major challenge for pediatric medicine.
Collapse
|
15
|
Scalais E, Nuttin C, Seneca S, Smet J, De Paepe B, Martin JJ, Stevens R, Pierart F, Battisti O, Lissens W, De Meirleir L, Van Coster R. Infantile presentation of the mitochondrial A8344G mutation. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:e3-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Scheper GC, van der Klok T, van Andel RJ, van Berkel CGM, Sissler M, Smet J, Muravina TI, Serkov SV, Uziel G, Bugiani M, Schiffmann R, Krägeloh-Mann I, Smeitink JAM, Florentz C, Van Coster R, Pronk JC, van der Knaap MS. Mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase deficiency causes leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation. Nat Genet 2007; 39:534-9. [PMID: 17384640 DOI: 10.1038/ng2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) has recently been defined based on a highly characteristic constellation of abnormalities observed by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. LBSL is an autosomal recessive disease, most often manifesting in early childhood. Affected individuals develop slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, spasticity and dorsal column dysfunction, sometimes with a mild cognitive deficit or decline. We performed linkage mapping with microsatellite markers in LBSL families and found a candidate region on chromosome 1, which we narrowed by means of shared haplotypes. Sequencing of genes in this candidate region uncovered mutations in DARS2, which encodes mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, in affected individuals from all 30 families. Enzyme activities of mutant proteins were decreased. We were surprised to find that activities of mitochondrial complexes from fibroblasts and lymphoblasts derived from affected individuals were normal, as determined by different assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gert C Scheper
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Vrije University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meulemans A, Seneca S, Smet J, De Paepe B, Lissens W, Van Coster R, Debeer A, De Meirleir L, Jaeken J. A new family with the mitochondrial tRNAGLU gene mutation m.14709T>C presenting with hydrops fetalis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2007; 11:17-20. [PMID: 17161635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the heterogeneous group of mitochondrial disorders, patients with the same genotype can show different phenotypes and the same phenotype can be caused by different genotypes. We describe a family with the m.14709T>C mutation and a clinical presentation of hydrops fetalis, in contrast to previous reports in which patients presented with myopathy and/or diabetes mellitus. AIM To identify a mutation in the mtDNA of a family with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. METHODS Both biochemical and molecular analyses were performed. RESULTS Biochemical results showed a decreased complex I and IV activity in muscle tissue of the patients. A mosaic-staining pattern for complex I in the patients' fibroblasts was revealed using immunocytochemistry. Molecular analyses identified the m.14709T>C mutation in the mitochondrial encoded tRNA(Glu) gene. CONCLUSION We report 2 siblings with the m.14709T>C mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Glu) gene. The first patient showed hydrops fetalis, a new presentation within the clinical spectrum of this mutation, and the other a known presentation namely mild myopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Meulemans
- Center for Medical Genetics, Neurology AZ-VUB, Dutch-speaking Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|