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Gu G, Brown M, Agan V, Nevills S, Hu R, Simmons A, Xu Y, Yang Y, Yagan M, Najam S, Dadi P, Sampson L, Magnuson M, Jacobson D, Lau K, Hodges E. Endocrine islet β-cell subtypes with differential function are derived from biochemically distinct embryonic endocrine islet progenitors that are regulated by maternal nutrients. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3946483. [PMID: 38496675 PMCID: PMC10942487 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3946483/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine islet b cells comprise heterogenous cell subsets. Yet when/how these subsets are produced and how stable they are remain unknown. Addressing these questions is important for preventing/curing diabetes, because lower numbers of b cells with better secretory function is a high risk of this disease. Using combinatorial cell lineage tracing, scRNA-seq, and DNA methylation analysis, we show here that embryonic islet progenitors with distinct gene expression and DNA methylation produce b-cell subtypes of different function and viability in adult mice. The subtype with better function is enriched for genes involved in vesicular production/trafficking, stress response, and Ca2+-secretion coupling, which further correspond to differential DNA methylation in putative enhancers of these genes. Maternal overnutrition, a major diabetes risk factor, reduces the proportion of endocrine progenitors of the b-cell subtype with better-function via deregulating DNA methyl transferase 3a. Intriguingly, the gene signature that defines mouse b-cell subtypes can reliably divide human cells into two sub-populations while the proportion of b cells with better-function is reduced in diabetic donors. The implication of these results is that modulating DNA methylation in islet progenitors using maternal food supplements can be explored to improve b-cell function in the prevention and therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yilin Yang
- Vanderbilty University School of Medicine
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Bankole T, Winn H, Li Y. Dietary Impacts on Gestational Diabetes: Connection between Gut Microbiome and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245269. [PMID: 36558427 PMCID: PMC9786016 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common obstetric complications due to an increased level of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM increases due to the obesity epidemic. GDM is also associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia resulting in elevated maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Diet is one of the most important environmental factors associated with etiology of GDM. Studies have shown that the consumption of certain bioactive diets and nutrients before and during pregnancy might have preventive effects against GDM leading to a healthy pregnancy outcome as well as beneficial metabolic outcomes later in the offspring's life. Gut microbiome as a biological ecosystem bridges the gap between human health and diseases through diets. Maternal diets affect maternal and fetal gut microbiome and metabolomics profiles, which consequently regulate the host epigenome, thus contributing to later-life metabolic health in both mother and offspring. This review discusses the current knowledge regarding how epigenetic mechanisms mediate the interaction between maternal bioactive diets, the gut microbiome and the metabolome leading to improved metabolic health in both mother and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Bankole
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hung Winn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Correspondence:
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Maternal soybean diet on prevention of obesity-related breast cancer through early-life gut microbiome and epigenetic regulation. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109119. [PMID: 35933021 PMCID: PMC9792070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation are considered major risk factors contributing to breast cancer. The origin of both obesity and breast cancer can retrospect to early development in human lifespan. Genistein (GE), a natural isoflavone enriched in soybean products, has been proposed to associate with a lower risk of breast cancer and various metabolic disorders. Our study aimed to determine the effects of maternal exposure to soybean dietary GE on prevention of overnutrition-induced breast cancer later in life and explore potential mechanisms in different mouse models. Our results showed that maternal dietary GE treatment improved offspring metabolic functions by significantly attenuating high-fat diet-induced body fat accumulation, lipid panel abnormalities and glucose intolerance in mice offspring. Importantly, maternal dietary GE exposure effectively delayed high-fat diet-simulated mammary tumor development in female offspring. Mechanistically, we found that maternal dietary GE may exert its chemopreventive effects through affecting essential regulatory gene expression in control of metabolism, inflammation and tumor development via, at least in part, regulation of offspring gut microbiome, bacterial metabolites and epigenetic profiles. Altogether, our findings indicate that maternal GE consumption is an effective intervention approach leading to early-life prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders and breast cancer later in life through dynamically influencing the interplay between early-life gut microbiota, key microbial metabolite profiles and offspring epigenome.
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Chen M, Li S, Srinivasasainagendra V, Sharma M, Li Z, Tiwari H, Tollefsbol TO, Li Y. Maternal soybean genistein on prevention of later-life breast cancer through inherited epigenetic regulations. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:190-202. [PMID: 35084457 PMCID: PMC9036993 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has strong developmental origins and maternal nutrition composition may influence later-life breast cancer risk in the offspring. Our study focused on a bioactive dietary component, genistein (GE) enriched in soybean products, to investigate specific timing of maternal GE exposure that may influence preventive efficacy of GE on offspring breast cancer later in life, and to explore the potential epigenetic mechanisms. Our results indicate a time-dependent effect of maternal GE exposure on early-life breast cancer development in offspring mice. Through integrated transcriptome and methylome analyses, we identified several candidate genes showing significantly differential gene expression and DNA methylation changes. We further found maternal long-term GE treatment can induce inherited epigenetic landmark changes in a candidate tumor suppressor gene, Trp63, resulting in transcriptional activation of Trp63 and induction of the downstream target genes. Our results suggest that maternal long-term exposure to soybean GE may influence early-life epigenetic reprogramming processes, which may contribute to its temporal preventive effects on breast cancer in the offspring. This study provides important mechanistic insights into an appropriate maternal administration of soybean products on prevention of breast cancer later in offspring life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhenhai Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Heath, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hemant Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Heath, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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An integrated analysis of the effects of maternal broccoli sprouts exposure on transcriptome and methylome in prevention of offspring mammary cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264858. [PMID: 35263365 PMCID: PMC8906608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts (BSp), a cruciferous vegetable, has shown promising effects on prevention of many types of cancer including breast cancer (BC). BC has a developmental foundation, and maternal nutrition status may influence an offspring’s risk to BC later in life. What is less understood, however, is the influence of maternal nutrition intervention on reversing epigenomic abnormalities that are essential in BC programming during early development. Our research focused on how maternal exposure to BSp diet prevents offspring BC and investigation of possible epigenetic mechanisms during these processes. Our results showed that maternal feeding of BSp can prevent mammary tumor development in the offspring of a transgenic mouse model. Through comprehensive integrated multi-omics studies on transcriptomic and methylomic analysis, we identified numerous target genes exhibiting significantly differential gene expression and DNA methylation patterns in the offspring mammary tumor. We discovered that maternal exposure to BSp diet can induce both gene and methylation changes in several key genes such as Avpr2, Cyp4a12b, Dpp6, Gria2, Pcdh9 and Tspan11 that are correlated with pivotal biological functions during carcinogenesis. In addition, we found an impact of maternal BSp treatment on DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylases activity. Our study provides knowledgeable information regarding how maternal BSp diet influences key tumor-related gene expression and the epigenetic changes using a genome-wide perspective. Additionally, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the effectiveness of maternal BSp administration on the prevention of BC in the offspring later in life, which may lead to an early-life BC chemopreventive strategy that benefits the progenies’ long-term health.
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D Palmer R, Papa V, Vaccarezza M. The Ability of Nutrition to Mitigate Epigenetic Drift: A Novel Look at Regulating Gene Expression. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 67:359-365. [PMID: 34980713 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic drift causes modification in gene expression during aging and a myriad of physiological changes that are mostly undesirable, remove youthful phenotype and are related to biological decay and disease onset. The epigenome is considered a stable regulator of genetic expression. Moreover, evidence is now accumulating that commonly available compounds found in foods can influence the epigenome to embrace a more youthful and therefore, more disease resistant state. Here we explore the correlation between nutriment and the epigenetic regulation through various types of alimentation. The aim is not to discuss specific chemicals involved in disease onset. Instead, we offer a brief glance at pathogens and offer a practical pathway into epigenetic regulation, hypothesizing that epigenetic drift might be attenuated by several foods able to drive a more youthful and disease resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Papa
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope".,FABAP Research Center
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara
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Bardanzellu F, Puddu M, Peroni DG, Fanos V. The clinical impact of maternal weight on offspring health: lights and shadows in breast milk metabolome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:571-606. [PMID: 34107825 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1940143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, depending on maternal nutrition and metabolic state, can influence fetal, neonatal and long-term offspring health, regarding cardio-metabolic, respiratory, immunological and cognitive outcomes. Thus, maternal weight can act, through mechanisms that are not full understood, on the physiology and metabolism of some fetal organs and tissues, to adapt themselves to the intrauterine environment and nutritional reserves. These effects could occur by modulating gene expression, neonatal microbiome, and through breastfeeding. AREAS COVERED In this paper, we investigated the potential effects of metabolites found altered in breast milk (BM) of overweight/obese mothers, through an extensive review of metabolomics studies, and the potential short- and long-term clinical effects in the offspring, especially regarding overweight, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, infections, immune processes, and neurodevelopment. EXPERT OPINION Metabolomics seems the ideal tool to investigate BM variation depending on maternal or fetal/neonatal factors. In particular, BM metabolome alterations according to maternal conditions were recently pointed out in cases of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and maternal overweight/obesity. In our opinion, even if BM is the food of choice in neonatal nutrition, the deepest comprehension of its composition in overweight/obese mothers could allow targeted supplementation, to improve offspring health and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari. SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato. Italy
| | - Melania Puddu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari. SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato. Italy
| | - Diego Giampietro Peroni
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Italy. Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari. SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato. Italy
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Abstract
Epigenetic studies in animal models have demonstrated that diet affects gene regulation by altering methylation patterns. We interrogated methylomes in humans who have different sources of protein in their diet. We compared methylation of DNA isolated from buffy coat in 38 vegans, 41 pescatarians and 68 nonvegetarians. Methylation data were obtained using Infinium HumanMethylation450 arrays and analyzed using the Partek Genomic software. Differences in differentially methylated sites were small, though with the use of relaxed statistical tests we did identify diet-associated differences. To further test the validity of these observations, we performed separate and independent comparisons of the methylation differences between vegans and nonvegetarians, and between vegans and pescatarians. The detected differences were then examined to determine if they were enriched in specific pathways. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of several specific processes, including homeobox transcription and glutamate transport. The detected differences in DNA methylation patterns between vegans, pescatarians, and nonvegetarians enabled us to identify 77 CpG sites that may be sensitive to diet and/or lifestyle, though high levels of individual-specific differences were also noted.
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Acevedo N, Alashkar Alhamwe B, Caraballo L, Ding M, Ferrante A, Garn H, Garssen J, Hii CS, Irvine J, Llinás-Caballero K, López JF, Miethe S, Perveen K, Pogge von Strandmann E, Sokolowska M, Potaczek DP, van Esch BCAM. Perinatal and Early-Life Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Allergy. Nutrients 2021; 13:724. [PMID: 33668787 PMCID: PMC7996340 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a dramatic increase in the incidence and the prevalence of allergic diseases over the last several decades. Environmental triggers including risk factors (e.g., pollution), the loss of rural living conditions (e.g., farming conditions), and nutritional status (e.g., maternal, breastfeeding) are considered major contributors to this increase. The influences of these environmental factors are thought to be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms which are heritable, reversible, and biologically relevant biochemical modifications of the chromatin carrying the genetic information without changing the nucleotide sequence of the genome. An important feature characterizing epigenetically-mediated processes is the existence of a time frame where the induced effects are the strongest and therefore most crucial. This period between conception, pregnancy, and the first years of life (e.g., first 1000 days) is considered the optimal time for environmental factors, such as nutrition, to exert their beneficial epigenetic effects. In the current review, we discussed the impact of the exposure to bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungal components, microbiome metabolites, and specific nutritional components (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins, plant- and animal-derived microRNAs, breast milk) on the epigenetic patterns related to allergic manifestations. We gave insight into the epigenetic signature of bioactive milk components and the effects of specific nutrition on neonatal T cell development. Several lines of evidence suggest that atypical metabolic reprogramming induced by extrinsic factors such as allergens, viruses, pollutants, diet, or microbiome might drive cellular metabolic dysfunctions and defective immune responses in allergic disease. Therefore, we described the current knowledge on the relationship between immunometabolism and allergy mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. The knowledge as presented will give insight into epigenetic changes and the potential of maternal and post-natal nutrition on the development of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Acevedo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (B.A.A.); (E.P.v.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa 15, Syria
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Mei Ding
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland; (M.D.); (M.S.)
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles S. Hii
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - James Irvine
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kevin Llinás-Caballero
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Juan Felipe López
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Sarah Miethe
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Khalida Perveen
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (B.A.A.); (E.P.v.S.)
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland; (M.D.); (M.S.)
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Betty C. A. M. van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ullah H, De Filippis A, Santarcangelo C, Daglia M. Epigenetic regulation by polyphenols in diabetes and related complications. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-200489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder and one of the most challenging health problems worldwide. Left untreated, it may progress causing serious complications. Genetics, epigenetics, and environmental factors are known to play an overlapping role in the pathogenesis of DM. Growing evidence suggests the hypothesis that the environment induces changes in the early phases of growth and development, influencing health and disease in the adulthood through the alteration in genetic expression of an individual, at least in part. DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNAs are three mechanisms responsible for epigenetic alterations. The daily diet contains a number of secondary metabolites, with polyphenols being highest in abundance, which contribute to overall health and may prevent or delay the onset of many chronic diseases. Polyphenols have the ability to alter metabolic and signaling pathways at various levels, such as gene expression, epigenetic regulation, protein expression and enzyme activity. The potential efficacy of polyphenolic compounds on glucose homeostasis has been evidenced from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The present review is designed to focus on epigenetic regulation exerted by polyphenolic compounds in DM and their complications, as well as to summarize clinical trials involving polyphenols in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Kong S, Peng Y, Chen W, Ma X, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Li R, Qiao J, Yan L. Epigenetic consequences of hormonal interactions between opposite-sex twin fetuses. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e234. [PMID: 33377650 PMCID: PMC7717068 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported inconsistent evidence about some phenotypic traits of females in human opposite-sex twins (opposite-sex females [OSF]) being distinct from females in same-sex twins (SSF). Comparatively, less evidence showed significant differences between males in OS twins (opposite-sex males [OSM]) and males in same-sex twins (SSM). The twin testosterone transfer hypothesis suggests that prenatal exposure of testosterone in utero may be a possible explanation for the differential traits in OSF; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we investigated the potential epigenetic effects of hormone interactions and their correlation to the observed phenotypic traits. In the study, DNA methylomic data from 54 newborn twins and histone modification data (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27me3, and H3K27ac) from 14 newborn twins, including same-sex females (SSF), OS twins, and same-sex males (SSM) were generated. We found that OSF were clearly distinguishable from SSF by DNA methylome, while OSM were distinguishable from SSM by H3K4me1 and H3K4me3. To be more specific, compared to SSF, OSF showed a stronger correlation to males (OSM and SSM) in genome-wide DNA methylation. Further, the DNA methylomic differences between OSF and SSF were linked to the process involving cognitive functions and nervous system regulation. The differential H3K4me3 between OSM and SSM was linked to immune responses. These findings provide epigenetic evidence for the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis and offer novel insights on how prenatal hormone exposure in utero may be linked to the reported differential traits of OS twins.
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Nutraceutical Boom in Cancer: Inside the Labyrinth of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061936. [PMID: 32178382 PMCID: PMC7139678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, epidemiological studies have shown that food is a very powerful means for maintaining a state of well-being and for health prevention. Many degenerative, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases are related to nutrition and the nutrient-organism interaction could define the balance between health and disease. Nutrients and dietary components influence epigenetic phenomena and modify drugs response; therefore, these food-host interactions can influence the individual predisposition to disease and its potential therapeutic response. Do nutraceuticals have positive or negative effects during chemotherapy? The use of nutraceutical supplements in cancer patients is a controversial debate without a definitive conclusion to date. During cancer treatment, patients take nutraceuticals to alleviate drug toxicity and improve long-term results. Some nutraceuticals may potentiate the effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy by inducing cell growth arrest, cell differentiation, and alteration of the redox state of cells, but in some cases, high levels of them may interfere with the effectiveness of chemotherapy, making cancer cells less reactive to chemotherapy. In this review, we highlighted the emerging opinions and data on the pros and cons on the use of nutraceutical supplements during chemotherapy.
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Maternal Prenatal Exposures in Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Insight into the Epigenetics of Drugs and Diet as Key Environmental Influences. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 24:143-162. [PMID: 32006359 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30402-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a rapidly growing global pandemic that affects an estimated 1 in 59-68 children. It is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental etiologies. Due to the rapid increase in the incidence of ASD, environmental causes for ASD are gaining attention. Efforts to probe several environmental exposures that could contribute to causing ASD are underway. In this regard, this chapter is directed towards understanding prenatal exposure to key environmental factors i.e., drugs and dietary nutrients that may act via the same molecular pathway - epigenetics as a potential etiological factor for ASD. Epigenetic regulation is a molecular mechanism known to be a significant contributor to neurodevelopmental disorders. It also offers a means to explain how environmental exposures can impact genetics. We discuss the impact of maternal exposures to certain drugs, and dietary intake, on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Maternal Exposure to some drugs during gestation are associated with a higher risk of ASD, while exposure to other dietary compounds may offer promise to rescue epigenetic regulatory insults related to ASD. However, more work in this important area is still required, nevertheless preliminary research already has important implications in the understanding, prevention and treatment of ASD.
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Rasekhian M, Tavallaei O, Marzbany M. Combinational treatments for breast cancer. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_89_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ekine-Afolabi BA, Njan AA, Rotimi SO, R. I. A, Elbehi AM, Cash E, Adeyeye A. The Impact of Diet on the Involvement of Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles, and Gut Microbiome-Virome in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:583372. [PMID: 33381452 PMCID: PMC7769005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. The third most common cancer and which is most diet related is colorectal cancer (CRC). Although there is complexity and limited understanding in the link between diet and CRC, the advancement in research methods have demonstrated the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are a class of ncRNAs are key players in cancer related pathways in the context of dietary modulation. The involvement of ncRNA in cancer progression has recently been clarified throughout the last decade. ncRNAs are involved in biological processes relating to tumor onset and progression. The advances in research have given insights into cell to cell communication, by highlighting the pivotal involvement of extracellular vesicle (EV) associated-ncRNAs in tumorigenesis. The abundance and stability of EV associated ncRNAs act as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer. The understanding of the deranging of these molecules in cancer can give access to modulating the expression of the ncRNAs, thereby influencing the cancer phenotype. Food derived exosomes/vesicles (FDE) are gaining interest in the implication of exosomes in cell-cell communication with little or no understanding to date on the role FDE plays. There are resident microbiota in the colon; to which the imbalance in the normal intestinal occurrence leads to chronic inflammation and the production of carcinogenic metabolites that lead to neoplasm. Limited studies have shown the implication of various types of microbiome in CRC incidence, without particular emphasis on fungi and protozoa. This review discusses important dietary factors in relation to the expression of EV-associated ncRNAs in CRC, the impact of diet on the colon ecosystem with particular emphasis on molecular mechanisms of interactions in the ecosystem, the influence of homeostasis regulators such as glutathione, and its conjugating enzyme-glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism on intestinal ecosystem, oxidative stress response, and its relationship to DNA adduct fighting enzyme-0-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and interaction in the intestinal ecosystem will inform on the diagnostic, preventive and prognosis as well as treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bene A. Ekine-Afolabi
- ZEAB Therapeutic, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bene A. Ekine-Afolabi,
| | - Anoka A. Njan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Anu R. I.
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Calicut, India
| | - Attia M. Elbehi
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Care and Health Sciences, University of South Wales, Cardif, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ademola Adeyeye
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
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16
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Gupta J, Sharma S, Sharma NR, Kabra D. Phytochemicals enriched in spices: a source of natural epigenetic therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 43:171-186. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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El Khoury D, Fayjaloun S, Nassar M, Sahakian J, Aad PY. Updates on the Effect of Mycotoxins on Male Reproductive Efficiency in Mammals. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E515. [PMID: 31484408 PMCID: PMC6784030 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are ubiquitous and unavoidable harmful fungal products with the ability to cause disease in both animals and humans, and are found in almost all types of foods, with a greater prevalence in hot humid environments. These mycotoxins vary greatly in structure and biochemical effects; therefore, by better understanding the toxicological and pathological aspects of mycotoxins, we can be better equipped to fight the diseases, as well as the biological and economic devastations, they induce. Multiple studies point to the association between a recent increase in male infertility and the increased occurrence of these mycotoxins in the environment. Furthermore, understanding how mycotoxins may induce an accumulation of epimutations during parental lifetimes can shed light on their implications with respect to fertility and reproductive efficiency. By acknowledging the diversity of mycotoxin molecular function and mode of action, this review aims to address the current limited knowledge on the effects of these chemicals on spermatogenesis and the various endocrine and epigenetics patterns associated with their disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diala El Khoury
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh 2207, Lebanon
| | - Salma Fayjaloun
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh 2207, Lebanon
| | - Marc Nassar
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh 2207, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Sahakian
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh 2207, Lebanon
| | - Pauline Y Aad
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh 2207, Lebanon.
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18
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Antognelli C, Moretti S, Frosini R, Puxeddu E, Sidoni A, Talesa VN. Methylglyoxal Acts as a Tumor-Promoting Factor in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060547. [PMID: 31174324 PMCID: PMC6627963 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a potent inducer of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MG, long considered a highly cytotoxic molecule with potential anticancer value, is now being re-evaluated to a protumorigenic agent in some malignancies. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an extremely aggressive and highly lethal cancer for which conventional therapies have proved ineffective. Successful therapeutic intervention in ATC is undermined by our poor understanding of its molecular etiology. In the attempt to understand the role of MG in ATC aggressiveness, we used immunohistochemistry to examine the level of MG protein adducts in ATC and slow-growing papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We detected a high level of MG adducts in ATC compared to PTC ones, suggesting a protumor role for MG-mediated dicarbonyl stress in ATC. Accordingly, MG adduct accumulation in ATC cells in vitro was associated with a marked mesenchymal phenotype and increased migration/invasion, which were both reversed by aminoguanidine (AG)—a scavenger of MG—and resveratrol—an activator of Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), the key metabolizing enzyme of MG. Our study represents the first demonstration that MG, via AGEs, acts as a tumor-promoting factor in ATC and suggests that MG scavengers and/or Glo1 activators merit investigations as potential therapeutic strategies for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sonia Moretti
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Frosini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Efisio Puxeddu
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo N Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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19
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Montesanto A, D'Aquila P, Rossano V, Passarino G, Bellizzi D. Mini Nutritional Assessment Scores Indicate Higher Risk for Prospective Mortality and Contrasting Correlation With Age-Related Epigenetic Biomarkers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:672. [PMID: 31632350 PMCID: PMC6779723 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of the individual epigenetic landscape that goes to countless rearrangements throughout life is closely the reflection of environmental factors such as chemical exposure, socio-economic status and nutrient intakes both early and late in life. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is a well-validated tool for assessing malnutrition in old people. It includes 6 (MNA-SF) or 18 (MNA-LF) self-reported questions derived from general, anthropometric, dietary, and self- assessment. We evaluated the association between the nutritional status, as measured by MNA, and methylation biomarkers we previously demonstrated to be associated with chronological and biological age in human. We found that malnutrition is positively correlated with DNA methylation status at the global level, in line with our previous reports. On the contrary, most of the sites located within specific genes, which were previously reported to be correlated with chronological and biological aging, showed to be not affected by malnutrition, or even to have correlations with malnutrition opposite to those previously reported with frailty. These results may suggest that malnutrition is among the first effects of disability and other age- related problems and a generalized non-specific epigenetic remodeling may be the initial response of the organism. By contrast, the fine remodeling of specific genomic sites is scarcely affected by malnutrition and may respond to a more complex interaction of different factors. Therefore, although malnutrition in the elderly is certainly a risk factor for survival, this is partially independent of the aging process of the organism which leads to the methylation remodeling previously described to measure chronological and biological aging.
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20
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Li Y. Epigenetic Mechanisms Link Maternal Diets and Gut Microbiome to Obesity in the Offspring. Front Genet 2018; 9:342. [PMID: 30210530 PMCID: PMC6119695 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is the most important environmental factor that can influence early developmental processes through regulation of epigenetic mechanisms during pregnancy and neonatal periods. Maternal diets or nutritional compositions contribute to the establishment of the epigenetic profiles in the fetus that have a profound impact on individual susceptibility to certain diseases or disorders in the offspring later in life. Obesity is considered a global epidemic that impairs human life quality and also increases risk of development of many human diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that maternal nutrition status is closely associated with obesity in progenies indicating obesity has a developmental origin. Maternal diets may also impact the early establishment of the fetal and neonatal microbiome leading to specific epigenetic signatures that may potentially predispose to the development of late-life obesity. This article will review the association of different maternal dietary statuses including essential nutritional quantity and specific dietary components with gut microbiome in determining epigenetic impacts on offspring susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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21
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Strategies to reduce non-communicable diseases in the offspring: negative and positive in utero programming. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:642-652. [PMID: 30111388 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major problem as they are the leading cause of death and represent a substantial economic cost. The 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis' proposes that adverse stimuli at different life stages can increase the predisposition to these diseases. In fact, adverse in utero programming is a major origin of these diseases due to the high malleability of embryonic development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature on in utero programming and NCDs highlighting potential medical strategies to prevent these diseases based upon this programming. We fully address the concept and mechanisms involved in this programming (anatomical disruptions, epigenetic modifications and microbiota alterations). We also examine the negative role of in utero programming on the increased predisposition of NCDs in the offspring, which introduces the passive medical approach that consists of avoiding adverse stimuli including an unhealthy diet and environmental chemicals. Finally, we extensively discuss active medical approaches that target the causes of NCDs and have the potential to significantly and rapidly reduce the incidence of NCDs. These approaches can be classified as direct in utero programming modifications and personalized lifestyle pregnancy programs; they could potentially provide transgenerational NCDs protection. Active strategies against NCDs constitute a promising tool for the reduction in NCDs.
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22
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Li Y, Buckhaults P, Li S, Tollefsbol T. Temporal Efficacy of a Sulforaphane-Based Broccoli Sprout Diet in Prevention of Breast Cancer through Modulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:451-464. [PMID: 29764806 PMCID: PMC6072582 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. An important risk factor for breast cancer is individual genetic background, which is initially generated early in human life, for example, during the processes of embryogenesis and fetal development in utero Bioactive dietary components such as sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables including broccoli sprouts (BSp), cabbage, and kale, has been shown to reduce the risk of developing many common cancers through regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Our study indicates a prenatal/maternal BSp dietary treatment exhibited maximal preventive effects in inhibiting breast cancer development compared with postnatal early-life and adult BSp treatments in two transgenic mouse models that can develop breast cancer. Postnatal early-life BSp treatment starting prior to puberty onset showed protective effects in prevention of breast cancer but was not as effective as the prenatal/maternal BSp treatment. However, adulthood-administered BSp diet did not reduce mammary tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that the prenatal/maternal BSp bioactive natural plant product may impact early embryonic development by regulating global differential gene expression through affecting epigenetic profiles resulting in differential susceptibility to breast cancer later in life. These results suggest that a temporal exposure to epigenetic-modulating dietary components such as cruciferous vegetables could be a key factor for maximizing chemopreventive effects on human breast cancer. This study may lead to translational breast cancer chemopreventive potential by appropriate administration of key dietary components leading to early breast cancer prevention in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 11(8); 451-64. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Trygve Tollefsbol
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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24
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Frasch MG, Baier CJ, Antonelli MC, Metz GAS. Perinatal Psychoneuroimmunology: Protocols for the Study of Prenatal Stress and Its Effects on Fetal and Postnatal Brain Development. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1781:353-376. [PMID: 29705857 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7828-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PS) impacts early behavioral, neuroimmune, and cognitive development. Pregnant rat models have been very valuable in examining the mechanisms of such fetal programming. A newer pregnant sheep model of maternal stress offers the unique advantages of chronic in utero monitoring and manipulation. This chapter presents the techniques used to model single and multigenerational stress exposures and their pleiotropic effects on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Carlos J Baier
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marta C Antonelli
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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25
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Effects of nutraceuticals on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 144:285-294. [PMID: 29197967 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive thyroid cancer with a high mortality rate. Since nutraceuticals may exert beneficial effects on tumor biology, here, effects of four of these compounds [resveratrol, genistein, curcumin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)] on ATC cell lines were investigated. METHODS Two ATC-derived cell lines were used: SW1736 and 8505C. Cell viability and in vitro aggressiveness was tested by MTT and soft agar assays. Apoptosis was investigated by Western Blot, using an anti-cleaved-PARP antibody. mRNA and miRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS All tested nutraceuticals caused in both cell lines decrease of cell viability and increase of apoptosis. In contrast, only curcumin reduced in vitro aggressiveness in both SW1736 and 8505C cell lines, while genistein and EGCG determined a reduction of colony formation only in 8505C cells. Effects on genes related to the thyroid-differentiated phenotype were also tested: resveratrol and genistein administration determined the increment of almost all tested mRNAs in both cell lines. Instead curcumin and EGCG treatments had opposite effects in the two cell lines, causing the increment of almost all the mRNAs in 8505C cells and their reduction in SW1736. Finally, effects of nutraceuticals on levels of several miRNAs, known as important in thyroid cancer progression (hsa-miR-221, hsa-miR-222, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-146b, hsa-miR-204), were tested. Curcumin induced a strong and significant reduction of all miR analyzed, except for has-miR-204, in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results clearly indicate the anti-cancer proprieties of curcumin, suggesting the promising use of this nutraceutical in ATC treatment. Resveratrol, genistein and EGCG have heterogeneous effects on molecular features of ATC cells.
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26
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Banikazemi Z, Haji HA, Mohammadi M, Taheripak G, Iranifar E, Poursadeghiyan M, Moridikia A, Rashidi B, Taghizadeh M, Mirzaei H. Diet and cancer prevention: Dietary compounds, dietary MicroRNAs, and dietary exosomes. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:185-196. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zarrin Banikazemi
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical ScienceMashhadIran
| | | | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Faculty of PharmacyRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Gholamreza Taheripak
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Elmira Iranifar
- Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical SciencesTorbat HeydariyehIran
| | - Mohsen Poursadeghiyan
- Research Center in Emergency and Disaster HealthUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abdullah Moridikia
- Chemical Injuries Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular BiologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic DiseasesKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanI.R. Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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27
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Grimaldi V, De Pascale MR, Zullo A, Soricelli A, Infante T, Mancini FP, Napoli C. Evidence of epigenetic tags in cardiac fibrosis. J Cardiol 2017; 69:401-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Okada M, Yamamoto A, Aizawa SI, Taga A, Terashima H, Kodama S. HPLC Separation of Sulforaphane Enantiomers in Broccoli and Its Sprouts by Transformation into Diastereoisomers Using Derivatization with (S)-Leucine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:244-250. [PMID: 27989117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Racemic sulforaphane, which was derivatized with (S)-leucine (l-leucine), was resolved by reversed phase HPLC with UV detection. The optimum mobile phase conditions were found to be 10 mM citric acid (pH 2.8) containing 22% methanol at 35 °C using detection at 254 nm. Sulforaphane enantiomers in florets and stems of five brands of broccoli and leaves and stems of three brands of broccoli sprouts were analyzed by the proposed HPLC method. Both sulforaphane enantiomers were detected in all of the samples. The S/R ratios of sulforaphane in broccoli samples were 1.5-2.6/97.4-98.5% for florets and 5.0-12.1/87.9-95.0% for stems. The S/R ratios in broccoli sprout samples were higher than those in broccoli samples and were found to be 8.3-19.7/80.3-91.7% for leaves and 37.0-41.8/58.2-63.0% for stems. (S)-Sulforaphane detected in the broccoli and its sprout samples was positively identified by separately using an HPLC with a chiral column (Chiralpak AD-RH) and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Okada
- School of Science, Tokai University , 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University , 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Sen-Ichi Aizawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Taga
- School of Pharmacy, Kinki University , 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Terashima
- GL Sciences Inc. , 30F, Tokyo Square Tower, 22-1 Nishishinjuku 6-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-1130, Japan
| | - Shuji Kodama
- School of Science, Tokai University , 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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29
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Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Age-related epigenetic drift and phenotypic plasticity loss: implications in prevention of age-related human diseases. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1637-1651. [PMID: 27882781 PMCID: PMC5618938 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered as one of the most important developmental processes in organisms and is closely associated with global deteriorations of epigenetic markers such as aberrant methylomic patterns. This altered epigenomic state, referred to 'epigenetic drift', reflects deficient maintenance of epigenetic marks and contributes to impaired cellular and molecular functions in aged cells. Epigenetic drift-induced abnormal changes during aging are scantily repaired by epigenetic modulators. This inflexibility in the aged epigenome may lead to an age-related decline in phenotypic plasticity at the cellular and molecular levels due to epigenetic drift. This perspective aims to provide novel concepts for understanding epigenetic effects on the aging process and to provide insights into epigenetic prevention and therapeutic strategies for age-related human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Huang H, Krishnan HB, Pham Q, Yu LL, Wang TTY. Soy and Gut Microbiota: Interaction and Implication for Human Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8695-8709. [PMID: 27798832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soy (Glycine max) is a major commodity in the United States, and soy foods are gaining popularity due to their reported health-promoting effects. In the past two decades, soy and soy bioactive components have been studied for their health-promoting/disease-preventing activities and potential mechanisms of action. Recent studies have identified gut microbiota as an important component in the human body ecosystem and possibly a critical modulator of human health. Soy foods' interaction with the gut microbiota may critically influence many aspects of human development, physiology, immunity, and nutrition at different stages of life. This review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of soy foods and soy components on gut microbiota population and composition. It was found, although results vary in different studies, in general, both animal and human studies have shown that consumption of soy foods can increase the levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and alter the ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. These changes in microbiota are consistent with reported reductions in pathogenic bacteria populations in the gut, thereby lowering the risk of diseases and leading to beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Huang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Late Maternal Folate Supplementation Rescues from Methyl Donor Deficiency-Associated Brain Defects by Restoring Let-7 and miR-34 Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5017-5033. [PMID: 27534418 PMCID: PMC5533871 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The micronutrients folate and vitamin B12 are essential for the proper development of the central nervous system, and their deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with a wide range of disorders. They act as methyl donors in the one-carbon metabolism which critically influences epigenetic mechanisms. In order to depict further underlying mechanisms, we investigated the role of let-7 and miR-34, two microRNAs regulated by methylation, on a rat model of maternal deficiency. In several countries, public health policies recommend periconceptional supplementation with folic acid. However, the question about the duration and periodicity of supplementation remains. We therefore tested maternal supply (3 mg/kg/day) during the last third of gestation from embryonic days (E) 13 to 20. Methyl donor deficiency-related developmental disorders at E20, including cerebellar and interhemispheric suture defects and atrophy of selective cerebral layers, were associated with increased brain expression (by 2.5-fold) of let-7a and miR-34a, with subsequent downregulation of their regulatory targets such as Trim71 and Notch signaling partners, respectively. These processes could be reversed by siRNA strategy in differentiating neuroprogenitors lacking folate, with improvement of their morphological characteristics. While folic acid supplementation helped restoring the levels of let-7a and miR-34a and their downstream targets, it led to a reduction of structural and functional defects taking place during the perinatal period. Our data outline the potential role of let-7 and miR-34 and their related signaling pathways in the developmental defects following gestational methyl donor deficiency and support the likely usefulness of late folate supplementation in at risk women.
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Xu P, Hu G, Luo C, Liang Z. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors: an updated patent review (2012-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:1017-30. [PMID: 27376512 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1209488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), important enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, represent promising targets in cancer therapy. DNMT inhibitors (DNMTi), which can modulate the aberrant DNA methylation pattern in a reversible way via inhibiting DNMT activity, have attracted significant attention in recent years. AREAS COVERED This review outlines the newly patented inhibitors targeting DNMTs, mainly incorporating small molecular inhibitors and oligonucleotide derivatives. The chemical structures, biological activity, and the encouraging clinical research in progress are delineated in detail. EXPERT OPINION Two drugs, azacitidine and decitabine, have evidently shown efficacy in hematologic malignancies, yet do not work well on solid tumors, have low specificity, substantial toxicity, and poor bioavailability. With the rapid advancement in systems biology, drug combinations, such as DNMTi, in conjugation with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) or immunotherapy, probably serve as an efficient way of implementing epigenetic therapy. Meanwhile, the resolved autoinhibitory structures of DNMTs afford a novel strategy for targeting the protein-protein interface involved in the autoinhi-bitory interactions. The molecular mechanism underlying the conformational transitions would also shed new light on the design of allosteric inhibitors. Both strategies would produce inhibitors with more selectivity compared to nucleotide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- a Center for Systems Biology , Soochow University , Jiangsu , China.,b Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Guang Hu
- a Center for Systems Biology , Soochow University , Jiangsu , China
| | - Cheng Luo
- b Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhongjie Liang
- a Center for Systems Biology , Soochow University , Jiangsu , China
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Unternaehrer E, Bolten M, Nast I, Staehli S, Meyer AH, Dempster E, Hellhammer DH, Lieb R, Meinlschmidt G. Maternal adversities during pregnancy and cord blood oxytocin receptor (OXTR) DNA methylation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1460-70. [PMID: 27107296 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal adversities and cortisol levels during pregnancy predict cord blood DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). We collected cord blood of 39 babies born to mothers participating in a cross-sectional study (N = 100) conducted in Basel, Switzerland (2007-10). Mothers completed the Inventory of Life Events (second trimester: T2), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, third trimester: T3), the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress (TICS-K, 1-3 weeks postpartum) and provided saliva samples (T2, T3) for maternal cortisol profiles, as computed by the area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) or increase (AUCi) for the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and for diurnal cortisol profiles (DAY). OXTR DNA methylation was quantified using Sequenom EpiTYPER. The number of stressful life events (P = 0.032), EPDS score (P = 0.007) and cortisol AUCgs at T2 (CAR: P = 0.020; DAY: P = 0.024) were negatively associated with OXTR DNA methylation. Our findings suggest that distinct prenatal adversities predict decreased DNA methylation in a gene that is relevant for childbirth, maternal behavior and wellbeing of mother and offspring. If a reduced OXTR methylation increases OXTR expression, our findings could suggest an epigenetic adaptation to an adverse early environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Unternaehrer
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), 4055 Basel, Switzerland Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Margarete Bolten
- University of Basel, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, 4058 Basel, Switzerland Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department of Psychology, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Nast
- University of Basel, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), 4055 Basel, Switzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Professions, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Simon Staehli
- University of Trier, Institute of Psychobiology, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emma Dempster
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | | | - Roselind Lieb
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, 4055 Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), 4055 Basel, Switzerland Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Ducasse H, Arnal A, Vittecoq M, Daoust SP, Ujvari B, Jacqueline C, Tissot T, Ewald P, Gatenby RA, King KC, Bonhomme F, Brodeur J, Renaud F, Solary E, Roche B, Thomas F. Cancer: an emergent property of disturbed resource-rich environments? Ecology meets personalized medicine. Evol Appl 2015; 8:527-40. [PMID: 26136819 PMCID: PMC4479509 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For an increasing number of biologists, cancer is viewed as a dynamic system governed by evolutionary and ecological principles. Throughout most of human history, cancer was an uncommon cause of death and it is generally accepted that common components of modern culture, including increased physiological stresses and caloric intake, favor cancer development. However, the precise mechanisms for this linkage are not well understood. Here, we examine the roles of ecological and physiological disturbances and resource availability on the emergence of cancer in multicellular organisms. We argue that proliferation of 'profiteering phenotypes' is often an emergent property of disturbed, resource-rich environments at all scales of biological organization. We review the evidence for this phenomenon, explore it within the context of malignancy, and discuss how this ecological framework may offer a theoretical background for novel strategies of cancer prevention. This work provides a compelling argument that the traditional separation between medicine and evolutionary ecology remains a fundamental limitation that needs to be overcome if complex processes, such as oncogenesis, are to be completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ducasse
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CREEC, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Audrey Arnal
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CREEC, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CREEC, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Centre de Recherche de la Tour du ValatArles, France
| | - Simon P Daoust
- Department of Biology, John Abbott CollegeSainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin UniversityWaurn Ponds, Vic., Australia
| | - Camille Jacqueline
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CREEC, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Tazzio Tissot
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CREEC, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Paul Ewald
- Department of Biology and the Program on Disease Evolution, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampa, FL, USA
| | - Kayla C King
- Department of Zoology, University of OxfordOxford, UK
| | - François Bonhomme
- ISEM Institut des sciences de l'évolution, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IRD/UM2 UMR 5554Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Renaud
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CREEC, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1009, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave RoussyVillejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CREEC, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Unité mixte internationale de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes (UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO)BondyCedex, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CREEC, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Trombini AB, Franco CC, Miranda RA, de Oliveira JC, Barella LF, Prates KV, de Souza AA, Pavanello A, Malta A, Almeida DL, Tófolo LP, Rigo KP, Ribeiro TA, Fabricio GS, de Sant'Anna JR, Castro-Prado MA, de Souza HM, de Morais H, Mathias PC. Early treatment with metformin induces resistance against tumor growth in adult rats. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:958-64. [PMID: 26024008 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.962968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that antidiabetic drug metformin, which is used worldwide, has anti-cancer effects and can be used to prevent cancer growth. We tested the hypothesis that tumor cell growth can be inhibited by early treatment with metformin. For this purpose, adult rats chronically treated with metformin in adolescence or in adulthood were inoculated with Walker 256 carcinoma cells. Adult rats that were treated with metformin during adolescence presented inhibition of tumor growth, and animals that were treated during adult life did not demonstrate any changes in tumor growth. Although we do not have data to disclose a molecular mechanism to the preventive metformin effect, we present, for the first time, results showing that cancer growth in adult life is dependent on early life intervention, thus supporting a new therapeutic prevention for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Trombini
- a Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology; Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology; State University of Maringá ; Maringá, Brazil
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Krakowsky RHE, Tollefsbol TO. Impact of Nutrition on Non-Coding RNA Epigenetics in Breast and Gynecological Cancer. Front Nutr 2015; 2:16. [PMID: 26075205 PMCID: PMC4445322 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in females. According to the American Cancer Society, there are 327,660 new cases in breast and gynecological cancers estimated in 2014, placing emphasis on the need for cancer prevention and new cancer treatment strategies. One important approach to cancer prevention involves phytochemicals, biologically active compounds derived from plants. A variety of studies on the impact of dietary compounds found in cruciferous vegetables, green tea, and spices like curry and black pepper have revealed epigenetic changes in female cancers. Thus, an important emerging topic comprises epigenetic changes due to the modulation of non-coding RNA levels. Since it has been shown that non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are aberrantly expressed in cancer, and furthermore are linked to distinct cancer phenotypes, understanding the effects of dietary compounds and supplements on the epigenetic modulator non-coding RNA is of great interest. This article reviews the current findings on nutrition-induced changes in breast and gynecological cancers at the non-coding RNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna H E Krakowsky
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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Cellular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Action in Melanoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:481782. [PMID: 26064422 PMCID: PMC4438193 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most melanomas occur on the skin, but a small percentage of these life-threatening cancers affect other parts of the body, such as the eye and mucous membranes, including the mouth. Given that most melanomas are caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure, close attention has been paid to the impact of oxidative stress on these tumors. The possibility that key epigenetic enzymes cannot act on a DNA altered by oxidative stress has opened new perspectives. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the alteration of DNA methylation by oxidative stress. We review the current evidence about (i) the role of oxidative stress in melanoma initiation and progression; (ii) the mechanisms by which ROS influence the DNA methylation pattern of transformed melanocytes; (iii) the transformative potential of oxidative stress-induced changes in global and/or local gene methylation and expression; (iv) the employment of this epimutation as a biomarker for melanoma diagnosis, prognosis, and drug resistance evaluation; (v) the impact of this new knowledge in clinical practice for melanoma treatment.
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Gidday JM. Extending injury- and disease-resistant CNS phenotypes by repetitive epigenetic conditioning. Front Neurol 2015; 6:42. [PMID: 25784897 PMCID: PMC4345883 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant reductions in the extent of acute injury in the CNS can be achieved by exposure to different preconditioning stimuli, but the duration of the induced protective phenotype is typically short-lasting, and thus is deemed as limiting its clinical applicability. Extending the period over which such adaptive epigenetic changes persist – in effect, expanding conditioning’s “therapeutic window” – would significantly broaden the potential applications of such a treatment approach in patients. The frequency of the conditioning stimulus may hold the key. While transient (1–3 days) protection against CNS ischemic injury is well established preclinically following a single preconditioning stimulus, repetitively presenting preconditioning stimuli extends the duration of ischemic tolerance by many weeks. Moreover, repetitive intermittent postconditioning enhances post-ischemic recovery metrics and improves long-term survival. Intermittent conditioning is also efficacious for preventing or delaying injury in preclinical models of chronic neurodegenerative disease, and for promoting long-lasting functional improvements in a number of other pathologies as well. Although the detailed mechanisms underlying these protracted kinds of neuroplasticity remain largely unstudied, accumulating empirical evidence supports the contention that all of these adaptive phenotypes are epigenetically mediated. Going forward, additional preclinical demonstrations of the ability to induce sustained beneficial phenotypes that reduce the burden of acute and chronic neurodegeneration, and experimental interrogations of the regulatory constructs responsible for these epigenetic responses, will accelerate the identification of not only efficacious but also practical, adaptive epigenetics-based treatments for individuals with neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Gidday
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
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Abstract
Scientists have long considered genetics to be the key mechanism that alters gene expression because of exposure to the environment and toxic substances (toxicants). Recently, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as an alternative explanation for alterations in gene expression resulting from such exposure. The fact that certain toxic substances that contribute to tumor development do not induce mutations probably results from underlying epigenetic mechanisms. The field of toxicoepigenomics emerged from the combination of epigenetics and classical toxicology. High-throughput technologies now enable evaluation of altered epigenomic profiling in response to toxins and environmental pollutants. Furthermore, differences in the epigenomic backgrounds of individuals may explain why, although whole populations are exposed to toxicants, only a few people in a population develop cancer. Metals in the environment and toxic substances not only alter DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications but also affect enzymes involved in posttranslational modifications of proteins and epigenetic regulation, and thereby contribute to carcinogenesis. This article describes different toxic substances and environmental pollutants that alter epigenetic profiling and discusses how this information can be used in screening populations at high risk of developing cancer. Research opportunities and challengers in the field also are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Methods and Technologies Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 4E102, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA,
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Medina-Franco JL, Méndez-Lucio O, Dueñas-González A, Yoo J. Discovery and development of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors using in silico approaches. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:569-77. [PMID: 25526932 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple strategies have evolved during the past few years to advance epigenetic compounds targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Significant progress has been made in HTS, lead optimization and determination of 3D structures of DNMTs. In light of the emerging concept of epi-informatics, computational approaches are employed to accelerate the development of DNMT inhibitors helping to screen chemical databases, mine the DNMT-relevant chemical space, uncover SAR and design focused libraries. Computational methods also synergize with natural-product-based drug discovery and drug repurposing. Herein, we survey the latest developments of in silico approaches to advance epigenetic drug and probe discovery targeting DNMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Medina-Franco
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Méndez-Lucio
- Unilever Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando 22, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jakyung Yoo
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 72 Dugye-Ro, Pogok-Eup, Gyeonggi-do 449-814, Republic of Korea
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