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Kiaie SH, Zangi AR, Sheibani M, Hemmati S, Baradaran B, Valizadeh H. Novel synthesized ionizable lipid for LNP-mediated P2X7siRNA to inhibit migration and induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09989-8. [PMID: 38436880 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of ionizable lipid (IL) was necessary to enable the effective formulation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit P2X7 receptors (P2X7R), a key player in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. In this way, the synthesis and utility of IL for enhancing cellular uptake of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) improve the proper delivery of siRNA-LNPs for knockdown overexpression of P2X7R. Therefore, to evaluate the impact of P2X7 knockdown on breast cancer (BC) migration and apoptosis, a branched and synthesized ionizable lipid (SIL) was performed for efficient transfection of LNP with siRNA for targeting P2X7 receptors (siP2X7) in mouse 4T-1 cells. Following synthesis and structural analysis of SIL, excellent characterization of the LNP was achieved (Z-average 126.8 nm, zeta-potential - 12.33, PDI 0.16, and encapsulation efficiency 85.35%). Afterward, the stability of the LNP was evaluated through an analysis of the leftover composition, and toxic concentration values for SIL and siP2X7 were determined. Furthermore, siP2X7-LNP cellular uptake in the formulation was assessed via confocal microscopy. Following determining the optimal dose (45 pmol), wound healing analysis was assessed using scratch assay microscopy, and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. The use of the innovative branched SIL in the formulation of siP2X7-LNP resulted in significant inhibition of migration and induction of apoptosis in 4T-1 cells due to improved cellular uptake. Subsequently, the innovative SIL represents a critical role in efficiently delivering siRNA against murine triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) using LNP formulation, resulting in significant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi Zangi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center and School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Yang M, Zhang Z, Jin P, Jiang K, Xu Y, Pan F, Tian K, Yuan Z, Liu XE, Fu J, Wang B, Yan H, Zhan C, Zhang Z. Effects of PEG antibodies on in vivo performance of LNP-mRNA vaccines. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123695. [PMID: 38081560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) plays important roles in stabilizing and lengthening circulation time of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines. Nowadays various levels of PEG antibodies have been detected in human blood, but the impact and mechanism of PEG antibodies on the in vivo performance of LNP vaccines has not been clarified thoroughly. By illustrating the distribution characteristics of PEG antibodies in human, the present study focused on the influence of PEG antibodies on the safety and efficacy of LNP-mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 in animal models. It was found that PEG antibodies led to shortened blood circulation duration, elevated accumulation and mRNA expression in liver and spleen, enhanced expression in macrophage and dendritic cells, while without affecting the production of anti-Spike protein antibodies of COVID-19 LNP vaccine. Noteworthily, PEG antibodies binding on the LNP vaccine increased probability of complement activation in animal as well as in human serum and led to lethal side effect in large dosage via intravenous injection of mice. Our data suggested that PEG antibodies in human was a risky factor of LNP-based vaccines for biosafety concerns but not efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Chronic Disease Management, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, PR China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Yifei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 PR China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Kaisong Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | | | - Jiaru Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Huafang Yan
- Department of Health Management, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, PR China
| | - Changyou Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Zui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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3
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Shi S, Ou X, Cheng D. Nanoparticle-Facilitated Therapy: Advancing Tools in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:19-34. [PMID: 38187908 PMCID: PMC10771795 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s442775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries, arising from a diverse range of etiologies such as trauma and underlying medical conditions, pose substantial challenges in both clinical management and subsequent restoration of functional capacity. Addressing these challenges, nanoparticles have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality poised to augment the process of peripheral nerve regeneration. However, a comprehensive elucidation of the complicated mechanistic foundations responsible for the favorable effects of nanoparticle-based therapy on nerve regeneration remains imperative. This review aims to scrutinize the potential of nanoparticles as innovative therapeutic carriers for promoting peripheral nerve repair. This review encompasses an in-depth exploration of the classifications and synthesis methodologies associated with nanoparticles. Additionally, we discuss and summarize the multifaceted roles that nanoparticles play, including neuroprotection, facilitation of axonal growth, and efficient drug delivery mechanisms. Furthermore, we present essential considerations and highlight the potential synergies of integrating nanoparticles with emerging technologies. Through this comprehensive review, we highlight the indispensable role of nanoparticles in propelling advancements in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Shi
- Department of Hand Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Honghui Hospital North District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehai Ou
- Department of Hand Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Honghui Hospital North District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deliang Cheng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Honghui Hospital North District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710000, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Afrin H, Geetha Bai R, Kumar R, Ahmad SS, Agarwal SK, Nurunnabi M. Oral delivery of RNAi for cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:699-724. [PMID: 36971908 PMCID: PMC10040933 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health concern worldwide and is still in a continuous surge of seeking for effective treatments. Since the discovery of RNAi and their mechanism of action, it has shown promises in targeted therapy for various diseases including cancer. The ability of RNAi to selectively silence the carcinogenic gene makes them ideal as cancer therapeutics. Oral delivery is the ideal route of administration of drug administration because of its patients' compliance and convenience. However, orally administered RNAi, for instance, siRNA, must cross various extracellular and intracellular biological barriers before it reaches the site of action. It is very challenging and important to keep the siRNA stable until they reach to the targeted site. Harsh pH, thick mucus layer, and nuclease enzyme prevent siRNA to diffuse through the intestinal wall and thereby induce a therapeutic effect. After entering the cell, siRNA is subjected to lysosomal degradation. Over the years, various approaches have been taken into consideration to overcome these challenges for oral RNAi delivery. Therefore, understanding the challenges and recent development is crucial to offer a novel and advanced approach for oral RNAi delivery. Herein, we have summarized the delivery strategies for oral delivery RNAi and recent advancement towards the preclinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayra Afrin
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Renu Geetha Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Sheikh Shafin Ahmad
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA
| | - Sandeep K Agarwal
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA.
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5
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Khan S, Rehman U, Parveen N, Kumar S, Baboota S, Ali J. siRNA therapeutics: insights, challenges, remedies and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1167-1187. [PMID: 37642354 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2251890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among conventional and novel therapeutic approaches, the siRNA strategy stands out for treating disease by silencing the gene responsible for the corresponding disorder. Gene silencing is supposedly intended to target any disease-causing gene, and therefore, several attempts and investments were made to exploit siRNA gene therapy and advance it into clinical settings. Despite the remarkable beneficial prospects, the applicability of siRNA therapeutics is very challenging due to various pathophysiological barriers that hamper its target reach, which is the cytosol, and execution of gene silencing action. AREAS COVERED The present review provides insights into the field of siRNA therapeutics, significant in vivo hurdles that mitigate the target accessibility of siRNA, and remedies to overcome these siRNA delivery challenges. Nonetheless, the current review also highlights the on-going clinical trials and the regulatory aspects of siRNA modalities. EXPERT OPINION The siRNAs have the potential to reach previously untreated target sites and silence the concerned gene owing to their modification as polymeric or lipidic nanoparticles, conjugates, and the application of advanced drug delivery strategies. With such mounting research attempts to improve the delivery of siRNA to target tissue, we might shortly witness revolutionary therapeutic outcomes, new approvals, and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Urushi Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobhit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Gustà MF, Edel MJ, Salazar VA, Alvarez-Palomo B, Juan M, Broggini M, Damia G, Bigini P, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Barbul A, Korenstein R, Bastús NG, Puntes V. Exploiting endocytosis for transfection of mRNA for cytoplasmatic delivery using cationic gold nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128582. [PMID: 37228592 PMCID: PMC10205015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gene therapy holds promise to cure various diseases at the fundamental level. For that, efficient carriers are needed for successful gene delivery. Synthetic 'non-viral' vectors, as cationic polymers, are quickly gaining popularity as efficient vectors for transmitting genes. However, they suffer from high toxicity associated with the permeation and poration of the cell membrane. This toxic aspect can be eliminated by nanoconjugation. Still, results suggest that optimising the oligonucleotide complexation, ultimately determined by the size and charge of the nanovector, is not the only barrier to efficient gene delivery. Methods We herein develop a comprehensive nanovector catalogue comprising different sizes of Au NPs functionalized with two different cationic molecules and further loaded with mRNA for its delivery inside the cell. Results and Discussion Tested nanovectors showed safe and sustained transfection efficiencies over 7 days, where 50 nm Au NPs displayed the highest transfection rates. Remarkably, protein expression was increased when nanovector transfection was performed combined with chloroquine. Cytotoxicity and risk assessment demonstrated that nanovectors are safe, ascribed to lesser cellular damage due to their internalization and delivery via endocytosis. Obtained results may pave the way to design advanced and efficient gene therapies for safely transferring oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel F. Gustà
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J. Edel
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Servei Immunologia-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Anatomy and Embryology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Western Australia, Faculty of Medicine, Discipline of Medical Sciences and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vivian A. Salazar
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manel Juan
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Servei Immunologia-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimo Broggini
- IRCCS‐Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- IRCCS‐Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- IRCCS‐Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- IRCCS‐Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Alexander Barbul
- Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Rafi Korenstein
- Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Neus G. Bastús
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Khare P, Edgecomb SX, Hamadani CM, E L Tanner E, Manickam DS. Lipid nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to the brain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114861. [PMID: 37150326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have revolutionized the field of drug delivery through their applications in siRNA delivery to the liver (Onpattro) and their use in the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. While LNPs have been extensively studied for the delivery of RNA drugs to muscle and liver targets, their potential to deliver drugs to challenging tissue targets such as the brain remains underexplored. Multiple brain disorders currently lack safe and effective therapies and therefore repurposing LNPs could potentially be a game changer for improving drug delivery to cellular targets both at and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review, we will discuss (1) the rationale and factors involved in optimizing LNPs for brain delivery, (2) ionic liquid-coated LNPs as a potential approach for increasing LNP accumulation in the brain tissue and (3) considerations, open questions and potential opportunities in the development of LNPs for delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Khare
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sara X Edgecomb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, MS
| | | | - Eden E L Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, MS.
| | - Devika S Manickam
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Fopase R, Panda C, Rajendran AP, Uludag H, Pandey LM. Potential of siRNA in COVID-19 therapy: Emphasis on in silico design and nanoparticles based delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1112755. [PMID: 36814718 PMCID: PMC9939533 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated mRNA degradation approach have imparted its eminence against several difficult-to-treat genetic disorders and other allied diseases. Viral outbreaks and resulting pandemics have repeatedly threatened public health and questioned human preparedness at the forefront of drug design and biomedical readiness. During the recent pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2, mRNA-based vaccination strategies have paved the way for a new era of RNA therapeutics. RNA Interference (RNAi) based approach using small interfering RNA may complement clinical management of the COVID-19. RNA Interference approach will primarily work by restricting the synthesis of the proteins required for viral replication, thereby hampering viral cellular entry and trafficking by targeting host as well as protein factors. Despite promising benefits, the stability of small interfering RNA in the physiological environment is of grave concern as well as site-directed targeted delivery and evasion of the immune system require immediate attention. In this regard, nanotechnology offers viable solutions for these challenges. The review highlights the potential of small interfering RNAs targeted toward specific regions of the viral genome and the features of nanoformulations necessary for the entrapment and delivery of small interfering RNAs. In silico design of small interfering RNA for different variants of SARS-CoV-2 has been discussed. Various nanoparticles as promising carriers of small interfering RNAs along with their salient properties, including surface functionalization, are summarized. This review will help tackle the real-world challenges encountered by the in vivo delivery of small interfering RNAs, ensuring a safe, stable, and readily available drug candidate for efficient management of SARS-CoV-2 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh Fopase
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chinmaya Panda
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amarnath P. Rajendran
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludag
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Lalit M. Pandey, ; Hasan Uludag,
| | - Lalit M. Pandey
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India,*Correspondence: Lalit M. Pandey, ; Hasan Uludag,
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9
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Nanomedicine based strategies for oligonucleotide traversion across the blood-brain barrier. J Control Release 2023; 354:554-571. [PMID: 36649742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are considered the most prominent cause of disability worldwide. The major hurdle in the management of neurological disorders is the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hinders the entry of several therapeutic moieties. In recent years, oligonucleotides have gained tremendous attention for their target specificity, diminished dose and adverse effects, thereby halting disease progression. However, enzymatic degradation, rapid clearance, limited circulation and availability at the bio-active site, etc., limit its clinical translation. Nanomedicine has opened up a breadth of opportunities in the delivery of oligonucleotides across the BBB. This review addresses the pitfalls associated with oligonucleotide delivery in traversing the BBB via nanotherapeutics for the management of brain disorders. Regulatory perspectives pertaining to hastening the clinical translation of oligonucleotide-loaded nanocarriers for brain delivery have been highlighted.
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10
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Jiang X, Wang N, Liu C, Zhuo Y, Liang L, Gan Y, Yu M. Oral delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics: Challenges, strategies, and opportunities. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103507. [PMID: 36690175 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, advances in chemical synthesis and delivery systems have accelerated the development of therapeutic nucleic acids, several of which have been approved by the Us Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Oral nucleic acid delivery is preferred because of its simplicity and patient compliance, but it still presents distinct challenges. The negative charge, hydrophilicity, and large molecular weight of nucleic acids combined with in vivo gastrointestinal (GI) barriers (e.g., acidic pH, enzymes, mucus, and intestinal epithelial cells) severely hinder their delivery efficacy. Recently, various nanoparticles (NPs), ranging from polymeric to lipid-based (L)NPs and extracellular vesicles (EVs), have been extensively explored to address these obstacles. In this review, we describe the physiological barriers in the GI tract and summarize recent advances in NP-based oral nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Miaorong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Gao Y, Liu X, Chen N, Yang X, Tang F. Recent Advance of Liposome Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010178. [PMID: 36678807 PMCID: PMC9864445 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy, as an emerging therapeutic approach, has shown remarkable advantages in the treatment of some major diseases. With the deepening of genomics research, people have gradually realized that the emergence and development of many diseases are related to genetic abnormalities. Therefore, nucleic acid drugs are gradually becoming a new boon in the treatment of diseases (especially tumors and genetic diseases). It is conservatively estimated that the global market of nucleic acid drugs will exceed $20 billion by 2025. They are simple in design, mature in synthesis, and have good biocompatibility. However, the shortcomings of nucleic acid, such as poor stability, low bioavailability, and poor targeting, greatly limit the clinical application of nucleic acid. Liposome nanoparticles can wrap nucleic acid drugs in internal cavities, increase the stability of nucleic acid and prolong blood circulation time, thus improving the transfection efficiency. This review focuses on the recent advances and potential applications of liposome nanoparticles modified with nucleic acid drugs (DNA, RNA, and ASO) and different chemical molecules (peptides, polymers, dendrimers, fluorescent molecules, magnetic nanoparticles, and receptor targeting molecules). The ability of liposome nanoparticles to deliver nucleic acid drugs is also discussed in detail. We hope that this review will help researchers design safer and more efficient liposome nanoparticles, and accelerate the application of nucleic acid drugs in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Gao
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Na Chen
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Fang Tang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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12
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Khare P, Conway JF, S Manickam D. Lipidoid nanoparticles increase ATP uptake into hypoxic brain endothelial cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:238-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Tsakiri M, Zivko C, Demetzos C, Mahairaki V. Lipid-based nanoparticles and RNA as innovative neuro-therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900610. [PMID: 36016560 PMCID: PMC9395673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-delivery is a promising tool to develop therapies for difficult to treat diseases such as neurological disorders, by silencing pathological genes or expressing therapeutic proteins. However, in many cases RNA delivery requires a vesicle that could effectively protect the molecule from bio-degradation, bypass barriers i.e., the blood brain barrier, transfer it to a targeted tissue and efficiently release the RNA inside the cells. Many vesicles such as viral vectors, and polymeric nanoparticles have been mentioned in literature. In this review, we focus in the discussion of lipid-based advanced RNA-delivery platforms. Liposomes and lipoplexes, solid lipid nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles are the main categories of lipidic platforms for RNA-delivery to the central nervous systems (CNS). A variety of surface particles' modifications and routes of administration have been studied to target CNS providing encouraging results in vivo. It is concluded that lipid-based nanoplatforms will play a key role in the development of RNA neuro-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsakiri
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Cristina Zivko
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Vervaeke P, Borgos SE, Sanders NN, Combes F. Regulatory guidelines and preclinical tools to study the biodistribution of RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114236. [PMID: 35351470 PMCID: PMC8957368 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The success of the messenger RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines of Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech marks the beginning of a new chapter in modern medicine. However, the rapid rise of mRNA therapeutics has resulted in a regulatory framework that is somewhat lagging. The current guidelines either do not apply, do not mention RNA therapeutics, or do not have widely accepted definitions. This review describes the guidelines for preclinical biodistribution studies of mRNA/siRNA therapeutics and highlights the relevant differences for mRNA vaccines. We also discuss the role of in vivo RNA imaging techniques and other assays to fulfill and/or complement the regulatory requirements. Specifically, quantitative whole-body autoradiography, microautoradiography, mass spectrometry-based assays, hybridization techniques (FISH, bDNA), PCR-based methods, in vivo fluorescence imaging, and in vivo bioluminescence imaging, are discussed. We conclude that this new and rapidly evolving class of medicines demands a multi-layered approach to fully understand its biodistribution and in vivo characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vervaeke
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S E Borgos
- SINTEF Industry, Dept. of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Sem Sælands v. 2A, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - N N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - F Combes
- SINTEF Industry, Dept. of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Sem Sælands v. 2A, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
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15
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Salem AK, Nguyen J, Ainslie KM. The AAPS Journal Theme Issue: Rising Stars in Drug Delivery and Novel Carriers. AAPS J 2022; 24:51. [PMID: 35381891 PMCID: PMC8982656 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
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Mineralizing Gelatin Microparticles as Cell Carrier and Drug Delivery System for siRNA for Bone Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030548. [PMID: 35335924 PMCID: PMC8949427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The local release of complexed siRNA from biomaterials opens precisely targeted therapeutic options. In this study, complexed siRNA was loaded to gelatin microparticles cross-linked (cGM) with an anhydride-containing oligomer (oPNMA). We aggregated these siRNA-loaded cGM with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to microtissues and stimulated them with osteogenic supplements. An efficient knockdown of chordin, a BMP-2 antagonist, caused a remarkably increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the microtissues. cGM, as a component of microtissues, mineralized in a differentiation medium within 8–9 days, both in the presence and in the absence of cells. In order to investigate the effects of our pre-differentiated and chordin-silenced microtissues on bone homeostasis, we simulated in vivo conditions in an unstimulated co-culture system of hMSC and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC). We found enhanced ALP activity and osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion in the model system compared to control microtissues. Our results suggest osteoanabolic effects of pre-differentiated and chordin-silenced microtissues.
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