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Pereira MN, Venâncio C, Pinto MDL, Alves-Pimenta S, Colaço B. Refinement of intranasal delivery in rats: A cadaveric study. Lab Anim 2024:236772241241561. [PMID: 39075865 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241241561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The intranasal route enables direct delivery of multiple substances from the nose to the brain, through olfactory and trigeminal pathways, bypassing the blood-brain barrier and avoiding systemic absorption. Despite the potential of this route, the various administration approaches make data reproducibility and interpretation challenging, emphasizing the necessity to establish a consistent methodology. Considering this, the aim of our study was to assess and compare the distribution of two dye volumes (30 µl and 50 µl) in the nasal cavity of rat cadavers. We employed three distinct methods of intranasal delivery: nose drops, by pipette tip, or cannula inserted into the nasal cavity. The results indicated that for both volumes, using the nose drops and the pipette tip methods, the dye dispersion occurred mainly in the vestibule, respiratory and olfactory regions, without reaching the olfactory bulbs. Using the cannula method, the deposition predominantly occurred in the respiratory and olfactory regions, with the dye reaching 66.7% and 100% of the olfactory bulbs, respectively, to low and high volume. Furthermore, the results demonstrated differences between the two volumes, in the pharynx, larynx, trachea, septal window, and incisive papilla, where an increased dye presence was observed with the 50 µl instillation across all three methods. According to our results, the intranasal delivery with a cannula was the most effective method for dye deposition in the olfactory region. However, further studies in live animals will be necessary to determine and refine the administration method that consistently allows specific deposition in the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida N Pereira
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lurdes Pinto
- CECAV - Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre, UTAD, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV - Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre, UTAD, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV - Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre, UTAD, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
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2
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Baldelli A, Jerry Wong CY, Oguzlu H, Gholizadeh H, Guo Y, Ong HX, Singh A, Traini D, Pratap-Singh A. Nasal delivery of encapsulated recombinant ACE2 as a prophylactic drug for SARS-CoV-2. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124009. [PMID: 38493838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is responsible for cell fusion with SARS-CoV viruses. ACE2 is contained in different areas of the human body, including the nasal cavity, which is considered the main entrance for different types of airborne viruses. We took advantage of the roles of ACE2 and the nasal cavity in SARS-CoV-2 replication and transmission to develop a nasal dry powder. Recombinant ACE2 (rhACE2), after a proper encapsulation achieved via spray freeze drying, shows a binding efficiency with spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 higher than 77 % at quantities lower than 5 µg/ml. Once delivered to the nose, encapsulated rhACE2 led to viability and permeability of RPMI 2650 cells of at least 90.20 ± 0.67 % and 47.96 ± 4.46 %, respectively, for concentrations lower than 1 mg/ml. These results were validated using nasal dry powder containing rhACE2 to prevent or treat infections derived from SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baldelli
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Canada; School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Chun Yuen Jerry Wong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hanieh Gholizadeh
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yigong Guo
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University Australia Sydney, Australia
| | - Anika Singh
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Group, Centre for Applied Research, and Innovation (CARI), British Columbia Institute of Technology, Canada
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University Australia Sydney, Australia
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3
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Cherait A, Banks WA, Vaudry D. The Potential of the Nose-to-Brain Delivery of PACAP for the Treatment of Neuronal Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2032. [PMID: 37631246 PMCID: PMC10459484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the neuroprotective effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its use as a therapeutic agent has grown over the past 30 years. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PACAP exerts a strong neuroprotective effect in many central and peripheral neuronal diseases. Various delivery routes have been employed from intravenous (IV) injections to intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration, leading either to systemic or topical delivery of the peptide. Over the last decade, a growing interest in the use of intranasal (IN) administration of PACAP and other therapeutic agents has emerged as an alternative delivery route to target the brain. The aim of this review is to summarize the findings on the neuroprotective effect of PACAP and to discuss how the IN administration of PACAP could contribute to target the effects of this pleiotropic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Cherait
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245, Medical Faculty, Normandie Univ, F-76000 Rouen, France;
- Department of Second Cycle, Higher School of Agronomy Mostaganem, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Cellular Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar Annaba, B.P. 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - David Vaudry
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245, Medical Faculty, Normandie Univ, F-76000 Rouen, France;
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm US51, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Normandie Univ, F-76000 Rouen, France
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4
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Wong C, Baldelli A, Gholizadeh H, Oguzlu H, Guo Y, Xin Ong H, Rodriguez AP, Singuera G, Thamboo A, Singh A, Pratap-Singh A, Traini D. Engineered dry powders for the nose-to-brain delivery of transforming growth factor-beta. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00168-6. [PMID: 37364750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Nose-to-brain delivery is increasing in popularity as an alternative to other invasive delivery routes. However, targeting the drugs and bypassing the central nervous system are challenging. We aim to develop dry powders composed of nanoparticles-in-microparticles for high efficiency of nose-to-brain delivery. The size of microparticles (between 250 and 350 µm), is desired for reaching the olfactory area, located below the nose-to-brain barrier. Moreover, nanoparticles with a diameter between 150 and 200 nm are desired for traveling through the nose-to-brain barrier. The materials of PLGA or lecithin were used in this study for nanoencapsulation. Both types of capsules showed no toxicology on nasal (RPMI 2650) cells and a similar permeability coefficient (Papp) of Flu-Na, which was about 3.69 ± 0.47 × 10-6 and 3.88 ± 0.43 × 10-6 cm/s for TGF-β-Lecithin and PLGA, respectively. The main difference was related to the location of deposition; the TGF-β-PLGA showed a higher drug deposition in the nasopharynx (49.89 ± 25.90 %), but the TGF-β-Lecithin formulation mostly placed in the nostril (41.71 ± 13.35 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Rd, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Alberto Baldelli
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hanieh Gholizadeh
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Rd, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 3, 75 Talavera Rd, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Department of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yigong Guo
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Rd, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 3, 75 Talavera Rd, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew Thamboo
- St. Paul's hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Anika Singh
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Group, Centre for Applied Research & Innovation (CARI), British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Rd, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 3, 75 Talavera Rd, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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5
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Baldelli A, Boraey MA, Oguzlu H, Cidem A, Pascual Rodriguez A, Xin Ong H, Jiang F, Bacca M, Thamboo A, Traini D, Pratap-Singh A. Engineered nasal dry powder for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2300-2308. [PMID: 35452791 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present the potential of nasal dry powders to deliver stable bioactive compounds and their manufacture using spray-drying (SD) techniques to achieve encapsulation. We also review currently approved and experimental excipients used for powder manufacturing for specific target drugs. Polymers, sugars, and amino acids are recommended for specific actions, such as mucoadhesive interactions, to increase residence time on the nasal mucosa; for example, high-molecular weight polymers, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, or mannitol, which protect the bioactive compounds, increase their stability, and enhance drug absorption in the nasal mucosa; and leucine, which promotes particle formation and improves aerosol performance. Teaser: XXXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baldelli
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
| | - Mohammed A Boraey
- Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; Smart Engineering Systems Research Center (SESC), Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt.
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Department of Forestry, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Aylin Cidem
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | | | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Forestry, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Mattia Bacca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
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6
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Witika BA, Poka MS, Demana PH, Matafwali SK, Melamane S, Malungelo Khamanga SM, Makoni PA. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Neurological Disorders: A Review of the State-of-the-Art and Therapeutic Success to Date. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:836. [PMID: 35456669 PMCID: PMC9031624 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia are chronic and advanced diseases that are associated with loss of neurons and other related pathologies. Furthermore, these disorders involve structural and functional defections of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Consequently, advances in medicines and therapeutics have led to a better appreciation of various pathways associated with the development of neurodegenerative disorders, thus focusing on drug discovery and research for targeted drug therapy to the central nervous system (CNS). Although the BBB functions as a shield to prevent toxins in the blood from reaching the brain, drug delivery to the CNS is hindered by its presence. Owing to this, various formulation approaches, including the use of lipid-based nanocarriers, have been proposed to address shortcomings related to BBB permeation in CNS-targeted therapy, thus showing the potential of these carriers for translation into clinical use. Nevertheless, to date, none of these nanocarriers has been granted market authorization following the successful completion of all stages of clinical trials. While the aforementioned benefits of using lipid-based carriers underscores the need to fast-track their translational development into clinical practice, technological advances need to be initiated to achieve appropriate capacity for scale-up and the production of affordable dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bwalya Angel Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa; (M.S.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Madan Sai Poka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa; (M.S.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Patrick Hulisani Demana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa; (M.S.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Scott Kaba Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Siyabonga Melamane
- Stutterheim Hospital, No.1 Hospital Street, Stutterheim 4930, South Africa;
| | | | - Pedzisai Anotida Makoni
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Trevino JT, Quispe RC, Khan F, Novak V. Non-Invasive Strategies for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL TRIALS 2020; 10:439. [PMID: 33505777 PMCID: PMC7836101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal drug administration is a promising method for delivering drugs directly to the brain. Animal studies have described pathways and potential brain targets, but nose-to-brain delivery and treatment efficacy in humans remains debated. We describe the proposed pathways and barriers for nose-to-brain drug delivery in humans, drug properties that influence central nervous system delivery, clinically tested methods to enhance absorption, and the devices used in clinical trials. This review compiles the available evidence for nose-to-brain drug delivery in humans and summarizes the factors involved in nose-to-brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Trevino
- Department of Neurology, SAFE Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R C Quispe
- Department of Neurology, SAFE Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Khan
- Department of Neurology, SAFE Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Novak
- Department of Neurology, SAFE Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Gao M, Shen X, Mao S. Factors influencing drug deposition in the
nasal cavity upon delivery via nasal sprays. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gupta S, Kesarla R, Omri A. Approaches for CNS delivery of drugs - nose to brain targeting of antiretroviral agents as a potential attempt for complete elimination of major reservoir site of HIV to aid AIDS treatment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 16:287-300. [PMID: 30779602 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1583206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) infection causing acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most life-threatening infections. The central nervous system (CNS) is reported to be the most important HIV reservoir site where the antiretroviral drugs are unable to reach. AREAS COVERED This article includes the review about HIV infections, its pathogenesis, HIV infections in CNS, its consequences, current therapies, challenges associated with the existing therapies, approaches to overcome them, CNS delivery of drugs - barriers, transport routes, approaches for transporting drugs across the blood-brain barrier, nasal route of drug delivery, and nose to brain targeting of antiretroviral agents as a potential approach for complete cure of AIDS. EXPERT OPINION Various approaches are exploited to enhance the drug delivery to the brain for various categories of drugs. However, very few have investigated on the delivery of antiretrovirals to the brain. Targeting antiretrovirals to CNS through oral/nasal routes along with oral/parenteral delivery of drug to the plasma can be a promising approach for an attempt to completely eradicate HIV reservoir and cure AIDS, after clinical trials. Further research is required to identify the exact location of the HIV reservoir in CNS and developing good animal models for evaluation of different newly developed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gupta
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Ideal College of Pharmacy and Research , University of Mumbai , Mumbai, Maharashtra , India
| | - Rajesh Kesarla
- b Corporate Quality Assurance , Zydus Cadila , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- c The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
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Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Dubey SK, Puri A, Patel RJ, Ajazuddin, Ravichandiran V, Murty US, Alexander A. Recent strategies and advances in the fabrication of nano lipid carriers and their application towards brain targeting. J Control Release 2020; 321:372-415. [PMID: 32061621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In last two decades, the lipid nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for their drug targeting efficiency towards the critical areas of the human body like CNS, cardiac region, tumor cells, etc. Owing to the flexibility and biocompatibility, the lipid-based nanocarriers, including nanoemulsion, liposomes, SLN, NLC etc. have gained much attention among various other nanocarrier systems for brain targeting of bioactives. Across different lipid nanocarriers, NLC remains to be the safest, stable, biocompatible and cost-effective drug carrier system with high encapsulation efficiency. Drug delivery to the brain always remains a challenging issue for scientists due to the complex structure and various barrier mechanisms surrounding the brain. The application of a suitable nanocarrier system and the use of any alternative route of drug administration like nose-to-brain drug delivery could overcome the hurdle and improves the therapeutic efficiency of CNS acting drugs thereof. NLC, a second-generation lipid nanocarrier, upsurges the drug permeation across the BBB due to its unique structural properties. The biocompatible lipid matrix and nano-size make it an ideal drug carrier for brain targeting. It offers many advantages over other drug carrier systems, including ease of manufacturing and scale-up to industrial level, higher drug targeting, high drug loading, control drug release, compatibility with a wide range of drug substances, non-toxic and non-irritant behavior. This review highlights recent progresses towards the development of NLC for brain targeting of bioactives with particular reference to its surface modifications, formulations aspects, pharmacokinetic behavior and efficacy towards the treatment of various neurological disorders like AD, PD, schizophrenia, epilepsy, brain cancer, CNS infection (viral and fungal), multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, and cerebral malaria. This work describes in detail the role and application of NLC, along with its different fabrication techniques and associated limitations. Specific emphasis is given to compile a summary and graphical data on the area explored by scientists and researchers worldwide towards the treatment of neurological disorders with or without NLC. The article also highlights a brief insight into two prime approaches for brain targeting, including drug delivery across BBB and direct nose-to-brain drug delivery along with the current global status of specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, USA
| | - Ravish J Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy (RPCP), Charotar University of Sciences and Technology (CHARUSAT), Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chunilal Bhawan 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Perivascular and Perineural Pathways Involved in Brain Delivery and Distribution of Drugs after Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110598. [PMID: 31726721 PMCID: PMC6921024 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most challenging aspects of treating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) is the efficient delivery of drugs to their targets within the brain. Only a small fraction of drugs is able to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) under physiological conditions, and this observation has prompted investigation into the routes of administration that may potentially bypass the BBB and deliver drugs directly to the CNS. One such route is the intranasal (IN) route. Increasing evidence has suggested that intranasally-administered drugs are able to bypass the BBB and access the brain through anatomical pathways connecting the nasal cavity to the CNS. Though the exact mechanisms regulating the delivery of therapeutics following IN administration are not fully understood, current evidence suggests that the perineural and perivascular spaces of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves are involved in brain delivery and cerebral perivascular spaces are involved in widespread brain distribution. Here, we review evidence for these delivery and distribution pathways, and we address questions that should be resolved in order to optimize the IN route of administration as a viable strategy to treat CNS disease states.
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12
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Hong SS, Oh KT, Choi HG, Lim SJ. Liposomal Formulations for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100540. [PMID: 31627301 PMCID: PMC6835450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Restricted drug entry to the brain that is closely associated with the existence of the blood brain barrier (BBB) has limited the accessibility of most potential active therapeutic compounds to the brain from the systemic circulation. Recently, evidences for the presence of direct nose-to-brain drug transport pathways have been accumulated by several studies and an intranasal drug administration route has gained attention as a promising way for providing direct access to the brain without the needs to cross to the BBB. Studies aiming for developing nanoparticles as an intranasal drug carrier have shown considerable promise in overcoming the challenges of intranasal drug delivery route. This review gives a comprehensive overview of works having investigated liposomes as a potential vehicle to deliver drugs to the brain through nose-to-brain route while considering the excellent biocompatibility and high potential of liposomes for clinical development. Herein, studies are reviewed with special emphasis on the impact of formulation factors, such as liposome composition and surface modification of liposomes with targeting moieties, in addition to intranasal environmental factors that may affect the extent/site of absorption of intranasally administered, liposome-encapsulated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Seok Hong
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Kyung Taek Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hangang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Soo-Jeong Lim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
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13
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Fine JM, Stroebel BM, Faltesek KA, Terai K, Haase L, Knutzen KE, Kosyakovsky J, Bowe TJ, Fuller AK, Frey WH, Hanson LR. Intranasal delivery of low-dose insulin ameliorates motor dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death in a 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 714:134567. [PMID: 31629033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence continues to demonstrate that disrupted insulin signaling and altered energy metabolism may play a key role underpinning pathology in neurodegenerative conditions. Intranasally administered insulin has already shown promise as a memory-enhancing therapy in patients with Alzheimer's and animal models of the disease. Intranasal drug delivery allows for direct targeting of insulin to the brain, bypassing the blood brain barrier and minimizing systemic adverse effects. In this study, we sought to expand upon previous results that show intranasal insulin may also have promise as a Parkinson's therapy. We treated 6-OHDA parkinsonian rats with a low dose (3 IU/day) of insulin and assessed apomorphine induced rotational turns, motor deficits via a horizontal ladder test, and dopaminergic cell survival via stereological counting. We found that insulin therapy substantially reduced motor dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death induced by unilateral injection of 6-OHDA. These results confirm insulin's efficacy within this model, and do so over a longer period after model induction which more closely resembles Parkinson's disease. This study also employed a lower dose than previous studies and utilizes a delivery device, which could lead to an easier transition into human clinical trials as a therapeutic for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Fine
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States.
| | - Benjamin M Stroebel
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
| | - Katherine A Faltesek
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
| | - Kaoru Terai
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
| | - Lucas Haase
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
| | - Kristin E Knutzen
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
| | - Jacob Kosyakovsky
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
| | - Tate J Bowe
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
| | - Austin K Fuller
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
| | - William H Frey
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
| | - Leah R Hanson
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, 295 Phalen Blvd., Saint Paul, MN, 55130, United States
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14
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Nižić L, Ugrina I, Špoljarić D, Saršon V, Kučuk MS, Pepić I, Hafner A. Innovative sprayable in situ gelling fluticasone suspension: Development and optimization of nasal deposition. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:445-456. [PMID: 30965121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an innovative in situ gelling suspension for effective nasal delivery of fluticasone. Pectin, gellan gum and sodium hyaluronate were used as gelling/thickening agents, and Tween 80 as a suspending agent. The influence of the formulation and/or administration parameters on formulation sprayability and nasal deposition was explored with an appropriate experimental design with the range for parameters in the design obtained from previous research and domain knowledge. All formulations exhibited appropriate sprayability and instant gelation upon mixing with simulated nasal fluid exhibiting weak gel properties convenient for nasal delivery. Targeted turbinate deposition depended on administration and formulation parameters, including their interactions. Decrease in the administration angle from horizontal plane, increase in inspiratory flow and presence of sodium hyaluronate significantly increased deposition in turbinate region. Parameters in interactions included concentration of polymers, surfactant and fluticasone, as well as administration angle. Selected formulations with high turbinate deposition exhibited significant increase in viscosity upon gelation, showing potential to prolong the drug retention at the nasal mucosa. The highest effect on the gel viscosity, strength and fluticasone release profile was observed for gellan gum, thus recognised as crucial parameter for the optimisation of overall therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nižić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Ugrina
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Vesna Saršon
- Jadran-galenski laboratorij d.d., Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Pepić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Hafner
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Dalpiaz A, Pavan B. Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Antiviral Drugs: A Way to Overcome Their Active Efflux? Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10020039. [PMID: 29587409 PMCID: PMC6027266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several viruses can easily infect the central nervous system (CNS), antiviral drugs often show dramatic difficulties in penetrating the brain from the bloodstream since they are substrates of active efflux transporters (AETs). These transporters, located in the physiological barriers between blood and the CNS and in macrophage membranes, are able to recognize their substrates and actively efflux them into the bloodstream. The active transporters currently known to efflux antiviral drugs are P-glycoprotein (ABCB1 or P-gp or MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (ABCC1 or MRP1, ABCC4 or MRP4, ABCC5 or MRP5), and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2 or BCRP). Inhibitors of AETs may be considered, but their co-administration causes serious unwanted effects. Nasal administration of antiviral drugs is therefore proposed in order to overcome the aforementioned problems, but innovative devices, formulations (thermoreversible gels, polymeric micro- and nano-particles, solid lipid microparticles, nanoemulsions), absorption enhancers (chitosan, papaverine), and mucoadhesive agents (chitosan, polyvinilpyrrolidone) are required in order to selectively target the antiviral drugs and, possibly, the AET inhibitors in the CNS. Moreover, several prodrugs of antiretroviral agents can inhibit or elude the AET systems, appearing as interesting substrates for innovative nasal formulations able to target anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) agents into macrophages of the CNS, which are one of the most important HIV Sanctuaries of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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16
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Pokharkar V, Patil-Gadhe A, Palla P. Efavirenz loaded nanostructured lipid carrier engineered for brain targeting through intranasal route: In-vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicity study. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:150-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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17
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Khan AR, Liu M, Khan MW, Zhai G. Progress in brain targeting drug delivery system by nasal route. J Control Release 2017; 268:364-389. [PMID: 28887135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the transport of potential therapeutic moieties to the brain. Direct targeting the brain via olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways by passing the BBB has gained an important consideration for delivery of wide range of therapeutics to brain. Intranasal route of transportation directly delivers the drugs to brain without systemic absorption, thus avoiding the side effects and enhancing the efficacy of neurotherapeutics. Over the last several decades, different drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been studied for targeting the brain by the nasal route. Novel DDSs such as nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes and polymeric micelles have gained potential as useful tools for targeting the brain without toxicity in nasal mucosa and central nervous system (CNS). Complex geometry of the nasal cavity presented a big challenge to effective delivery of drugs beyond the nasal valve. Recently, pharmaceutical firms utilized latest and emerging nasal drug delivery technologies to overcome these barriers. This review aims to describe the latest development of brain targeted DDSs via nasal administration. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS STUDIED IN THIS ARTICLE Carbopol 934p (PubChem CID: 6581) Carboxy methylcellulose (PubChem CID: 24748) Penetratin (PubChem CID: 101111470) Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PubChem CID: 23111554) Tween 80 (PubChem CID: 5284448).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mengrui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Muhammad Wasim Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China.
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18
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Kumar NN, Gautam M, Lochhead JJ, Wolak DJ, Ithapu V, Singh V, Thorne RG. Relative vascular permeability and vascularity across different regions of the rat nasal mucosa: implications for nasal physiology and drug delivery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31732. [PMID: 27558973 PMCID: PMC4997340 DOI: 10.1038/srep31732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal administration provides a non-invasive drug delivery route that has been proposed to target macromolecules either to the brain via direct extracellular cranial nerve-associated pathways or to the periphery via absorption into the systemic circulation. Delivering drugs to nasal regions that have lower vascular density and/or permeability may allow more drug to access the extracellular cranial nerve-associated pathways and therefore favor delivery to the brain. However, relative vascular permeabilities of the different nasal mucosal sites have not yet been reported. Here, we determined that the relative capillary permeability to hydrophilic macromolecule tracers is significantly greater in nasal respiratory regions than in olfactory regions. Mean capillary density in the nasal mucosa was also approximately 5-fold higher in nasal respiratory regions than in olfactory regions. Applying capillary pore theory and normalization to our permeability data yielded mean pore diameter estimates ranging from 13–17 nm for the nasal respiratory vasculature compared to <10 nm for the vasculature in olfactory regions. The results suggest lymphatic drainage for CNS immune responses may be favored in olfactory regions due to relatively lower clearance to the bloodstream. Lower blood clearance may also provide a reason to target the olfactory area for drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyanta N Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Room #5113, Rennebohm hall, 777 Highland avenue, Madison, WI - 53705, USA
| | - Mohan Gautam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Room #5113, Rennebohm hall, 777 Highland avenue, Madison, WI - 53705, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Lochhead
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Room #5113, Rennebohm hall, 777 Highland avenue, Madison, WI - 53705, USA
| | - Daniel J Wolak
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Room #5113, Rennebohm hall, 777 Highland avenue, Madison, WI - 53705, USA.,Clinical Neuroengineering Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive, Room #2120, Madison WI - 53706, USA
| | - Vamsi Ithapu
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5780 Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI - 53706, USA
| | - Vikas Singh
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5780 Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI - 53706, USA
| | - Robert G Thorne
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Room #5113, Rennebohm hall, 777 Highland avenue, Madison, WI - 53705, USA.,Clinical Neuroengineering Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive, Room #2120, Madison WI - 53706, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program &Center for Neuroscience, Rooms 9531 &9533, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research II, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison, WI - 53705, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, UW Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 1685 Highland Avenue Madison, WI - 53705, USA
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19
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Si XA, Xi J. Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27285852 DOI: 10.3791/53902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many advantages of direct nose-to-brain drug delivery in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, its application is limited by the extremely low delivery efficiency (< 1%) to the olfactory mucosa that directly connects the brain. It is crucial to develop novel techniques to deliver neurological medications more effectively to the olfactory region. The objective of this study is to develop a numerical platform to simulate and improve intranasal olfactory drug delivery. A coupled image-CFD method was presented that synthetized the image-based model development, quality meshing, fluid simulation, and magnetic particle tracking. With this method, performances of three intranasal delivery protocols were numerically assessed and compared. Influences of breathing maneuvers, magnet layout, magnetic field strength, drug release position, and particle size on the olfactory dosage were also numerically studied. From the simulations, we found that clinically significant olfactory dosage (up to 45%) were feasible using the combination of magnet layout and selective drug release. A 64 -fold higher delivery of dosage was predicted in the case with magnetophoretic guidance compared to the case without it. However, precise guidance of nasally inhaled aerosols to the olfactory region remains challenging due to the unstable nature of magnetophoresis, as well as the high sensitivity of olfactory dosage to patient-, device-, and particle-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua A Si
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Baptist University;
| | - Jinxiang Xi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University
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20
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Xi J, Yuan JE, Zhang Y, Nevorski D, Wang Z, Zhou Y. Visualization and Quantification of Nasal and Olfactory Deposition in a Sectional Adult Nasal Airway Cast. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1527-41. [PMID: 26943943 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare drug deposition in the nose and olfactory region with different nasal devices and administration techniques. A Sar-Gel based colorimetry method will be developed to quantify local deposition rates. METHODS A sectional nasal airway cast was developed based on an MRI-based nasal airway model to visualize deposition patterns and measure regional dosages. Four nasal spray pumps and four nebulizers were tested with both standard and point-release administration techniques. Delivered dosages were measured using a high-precision scale. The colorimetry correlation for deposited mass was developed via image processing in Matlab and its performance was evaluated through comparison to experimental measurements. RESULTS Results show that the majority of nasal spray droplets deposited in the anterior nose while only a small fraction (less than 4.6%) reached the olfactory region. For all nebulizers considered, more droplets went beyond the nasal valve, leading to distinct deposition patterns as a function of both the nebulizer type (droplet size and initial speed) and inhalation flow rate. With the point-release administration, up to 9.0% (±1.9%) of administered drugs were delivered to the olfactory region and 15.7 (±2.4%) to the upper nose using Pari Sinus. CONCLUSIONS Standard nasal devices are inadequate to deliver clinically significant olfactory dosages without excess drug losses in other nasal epitheliums. The Sar-Gel based colorimetry method appears to provide a simple and practical approach to visualize and quantify regional deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Xi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, 1200 South Franklin Street, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA.
| | - Jiayao Eddie Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, 1200 South Franklin Street, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Dannielle Nevorski
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, 1200 South Franklin Street, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, 1200 South Franklin Street, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Aerosol and Respiratory Dosimetry Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New York, USA
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21
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Xi J, Zhang Z, Si XA, Yang J, Deng W. Optimization of magnetophoretic-guided drug delivery to the olfactory region in a human nose model. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 15:877-91. [PMID: 26386567 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetophoretic-guided delivery has been shown to be able to improve the olfactory doses. However, due to the complex nasal structure and quick decay of magnetic intensity, precise control of particle motion in the human nose remains a challenge. In this study, an optimization model was developed for magnetophoretic olfactory delivery systems. The performance of the model was evaluated using a baseline device design in an MRI-based human nose geometry. Three key components of the delivery system were examined, which included the particle release position, the front magnet to minimize nasal valve depositions, and the top magnet to attract particles into the olfactory region. Results show that the magnetophoretic olfactory delivery device can be significantly improved by optimizing the product and operational parameters. The olfactory delivery efficiency was increased by 1.5-fold compared to the baseline design. The top magnet height and strength were shown to be the most influential factor in olfactory delivery, followed by the drug release position and the front magnet strength. The optimization framework developed in this study can be easily adapted for the optimization of intranasal drug delivery to other regions such as paranasal sinuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Xi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, 1200 South Franklin Street, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA.
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, 1200 South Franklin Street, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Xiuhua April Si
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Influence of Dosage Form, Formulation, and Delivery Device on Olfactory Deposition and Clearance: Enhancement of Nose-to-CNS Uptake. J Pharm Innov 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-015-9222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Li YH, Yu JZ, Liu CY, Zhang H, Zhang HF, Yang WF, Li JL, Feng QJ, Feng L, Zhang GX, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Intranasal delivery of FSD-C10, a novel Rho kinase inhibitor, exhibits therapeutic potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunology 2014; 143:219-29. [PMID: 24749492 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viewing multiple sclerosis (MS) as both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration has major implications for therapy, with neuroprotection and neurorepair needed in addition to controlling neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). While Fasudil, an inhibitor of Rho kinase (ROCK), is known to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, it relies on multiple, short-term injections, with a narrow safety window. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of a novel ROCK inhibitor FSD-C10, a Fasudil derivative, on EAE. An important advantage of this derivative is that it can be used via non-injection routes; intranasal delivery is the preferred route because of its efficient CNS delivery and the much lower dose compared with oral delivery. Our results showed that intranasal delivery of FSD-C10 effectively ameliorated the clinical severity of EAE and CNS inflammatory infiltration and promoted neuroprotection. FSD-C10 effectively induced CNS production of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-10 and boosted expression of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor proteins, while inhibiting activation of p-nuclear factor-κB/p65 on astrocytes and production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, FSD-C10 treatment effectively induced CD4(+) CD25(+) , CD4(+) FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells. Together, our results demonstrate that intranasal delivery of the novel ROCK inhibitor FSD-C10 has therapeutic potential in EAE, through mechanisms that possibly involve both inhibiting CNS inflammation and promoting neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
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24
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Brown V, Liu F. Intranasal delivery of a peptide with antidepressant-like effect. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2131-41. [PMID: 24633557 PMCID: PMC4104330 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical issue in drug development is developing effective, noninvasive delivery routes to the central nervous system (CNS). Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an illness associated with significant morbidity. Even with multiple antidepressant trials, 10-15% of patients continue to experience persistent depressive symptoms. We previously developed an interfering peptide that has antidepressant-like effects in rats when injected directly into the brain. To be clinically viable, it must demonstrate efficacy via a noninvasive administration route. We report here that the interfering peptide designed to disrupt the interaction between the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors can be delivered to relevant brain areas using the Pressurized Olfactory Device (POD), a novel intranasal delivery system developed by Impel NeuroPharma. We validate this delivery method by demonstrating that, at doses ⩾1.67 nmol/g, the D1-D2 interfering peptide has a significant antidepressant-like effect comparable to that of imipramine in the forced swimming test (FST), a common test for antidepressant efficacy. The antidepressant-like effect of the interfering peptide can be detected for 2 h after intranasal administration. Furthermore, we show that the interfering peptide disrupts the D1-D2 interaction and it can be detected in the prefrontal cortex after intranasal administration. This study provides strong preclinical support for intranasal administration of the D1-D2 interfering peptide as a new treatment option for patients suffering from MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada, Tel: +1 416 979 4659, Fax: +1 416 979 4663, E-mail:
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25
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Intranasally-administered deferoxamine mitigates toxicity of 6-OHDA in a rat model of Parkinson׳s disease. Brain Res 2014; 1574:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Hoekman JD, Srivastava P, Ho RJY. Aerosol-stable peptide-coated liposome nanoparticles: a proof-of-concept study with opioid fentanyl in enhancing analgesic effects and reducing plasma drug exposure. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2231-9. [PMID: 24909764 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a novel pressurized olfactory drug (POD) delivery device that deposits aerosolized drug preferentially to upper nasal cavity. This POD device provided sustained central nervous system (CNS) levels of soluble morphine analgesic effects. However, analgesic onset of less soluble fentanyl was more rapid but brief, likely because of hydrophobic fentanyl redistribution readily back to blood. To determine whether fentanyl incorporated into an aerosol-stable liposome that binds to nasal epithelial cells will enhance CNS drug exposure and analgesic effects and reduce plasma exposure, we constructed Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) liposomes anchored with acylated integrin-binding peptides (palmitoyl-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser). The RGD liposomes, which assume gel phase membrane structure at 25 °C, were stable under the stress of aerosolization as only 2.2 ± 0.5% calcein leakage was detected. The RGD-mediated integrin binding of liposome is also verified to be unaffected by aerosolization. Rats treated with fentanyl in RGD liposome and POD device exhibited greater analgesic effect, as compared with the free drug counterpart (AUC(effect) = 1387.1% vs. 760.1% MPE*min), whereas approximately 20% reduced plasma drug exposure was noted (AUC(0-120) = 208.2 vs. 284.8 ng min/mL). Collectively, fentanyl incorporated in RGD liposomes is physically and biologically stable under aerosolization, enhanced the overall analgesic effects, and reduced plasma drug exposure for the first 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hoekman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-7610
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27
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Zhang X, Liu L, Chai G, Zhang X, Li F. Brain pharmacokinetics of neurotoxin-loaded PLA nanoparticles modified with chitosan after intranasal administration in awake rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 39:1618-24. [PMID: 24087853 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.727828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neurotoxin (NT), an analgesic peptide which was separated from the venom of Naja naja atra, is endowed an exceptional specificity of action that blocks transmission of the nerve impulse by binding to the acetylcholine receptor in the membrane. However, it has limited permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to encapsulate NT within polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with chitosan (NT-PLA-cNPs) and to evaluate their brain pharmacokinetic behaviors after intranasal (i.n.) administration using a microdialysis technique in free-moving rats. METHODS NT-PLA-cNPs (NT labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate) were prepared and characterized. Then, NT-PLA-cNPs were i.n. administered to rats and the fluorescence intensity in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) was monitored for up to 480 min, with NT-PLA-NPs and NT solution as control groups. RESULTS The NPs prepared were spherical with a homogenous size distribution. The mean particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were 140.5 ± 5.4 nm, +33.71 ± 3.24 mV, and 83.51 ± 2.65%, respectively. The brain transport results showed that Tmax of NT-PLA-cNPs was equal with that of NT-PLA-NPs after i.n. administration (150 min). The Cmax and AUC(0-8 h) of each group followed the following order: NT-PLA-cNPs > NT-PLA-NPs. The corresponding absolute bioavailability (Fabs) of NT-PLA-cNPs was about 151% with NT-PLA-NPs as reference preparations. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NPs modified with chitosan have better brain targeting efficiency and are a promising approach for i.n. delivery of large hydrophilic peptides and proteins in improving the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, ZheJiang Chinese Medical University , HangZhou , China
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28
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Hickey AJ. Back to the future: inhaled drug products. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:1165-72. [PMID: 23381932 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled therapeutic aerosols continue to be an important treatment for asthma and pulmonary diseases. A variety of dosage forms are employed for different indications and demographics including pressurized or propellant-driven metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers/nebules. Research and development in this field has shown remarkable innovation in the past decade. Important new drug products for the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and a range of neurological disorders have been developed. New devices in each of the dosage form categories also have been developed, and new formulation technologies have been adopted. Unlike many other dosage forms, as new inhaled products appeared few of the existing products were converted to generic form. This may be explained by the formulation and device complexity, the implications for degree of difficulty in obtaining regulatory approval, and the prevalence of intellectual property in the field. After the setback of the initial approval and subsequent withdrawal of the Exubera®-inhaled insulin, there appeared to be reluctance to consider the pulmonary route of administration for systemically acting agents, particularly peptides and proteins. However, recent product development activities and approvals suggest that attitudes may be changing in favor of systemic delivery following inhaled aerosol administration. The new inhaled drug technologies seem to be driving reconsideration of therapeutic categories for indications that were of interest at the inception of modern inhaled drug therapy in the past century. We should embrace the opportunity to use new drugs and technologies to go back to the future!
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hickey
- Center for Aerosol and Nanomaterials, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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Chan JGY, Traini D, Chan HK, Young PM, Kwok PCL. Delivery of High Solubility Polyols by Vibrating Mesh Nebulizer to Enhance Mucociliary Clearance. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2012; 25:297-305. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2011.0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Gar Yan Chan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul M. Young
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Nasal-to-CNS drug delivery: where are we now and where are we heading? An industrial perspective. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:195-208. [PMID: 22834197 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of drug therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier is a challenging task for pharmaceutical scientists. Nasal-to-CNS drug delivery has shown promising results in preclinical efficacy models and investigatory human clinical trials. The further development of this technology with respect to the establishment of valid, predictable preclinical species models, translatable pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships and definition of toxicology impact will help attract additional pharmaceutical investment in this drug-delivery approach. Further discoveries in nasal nanotechnology, targeted delivery devices and diagnostic olfactory imaging will serve to fuel the advancements in this area of drug delivery.
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