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Asgharzadeh S, Shareghi B, Farhadian S. Probing the toxic effect of chlorpyrifos as an environmental pollutant on the structure and biological activity of lysozyme under physiological conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141724. [PMID: 38499074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The pervasive use of pesticides like chlorpyrifos (CPY) has been associated with deleterious effects on biomolecules, posing significant risks to environmental integrity, public health, and overall ecosystem equilibrium. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the potential binding interaction between the well-conserved enzyme, lysozyme (LSZ), and CPY through various spectroscopic techniques and molecular modeling. The UV-vis absorption and fluorescence experiments confirmed the complex formation and static quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence intensity. LSZ revealed a singular binding site for CPY, with binding constants around 105 M-1 across different temperature ranges. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters showed the spontaneous nature of the complexation process, while also revealing the pivotal role of hydrophobic interactions in stabilizing the LSZ-CPY system. According to circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared studies, CPY binding changed the secondary structure of LSZ by boosting α-helix presence and reducing the levels of β-sheet and β-turn content. Further, CPY decreased the stability and activity of LSZ. Computational docking delineated the specific and highly preferred binding site of CPY within the structure of LSZ. Molecular dynamic simulation indicated the enduring stability of the LSZ/CPY complex and revealed structural modifications in the LSZ after binding with CPY. This research provides a detailed understanding of the intermolecular dynamics between CPY and LSZ, concurrently elucidating the molecular-level implications for the potential hazards of pesticides in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Asgharzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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2
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Bhatt D, Singh S, Singh MK, Maurya AK, Chauhan A, Padalia RC, Verma RS, Bawankule DU. Acyclic monoterpenoid-rich essential oil of Cymbopogon distans mitigates skin inflammation: a chemico-pharmacological study. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:509-521. [PMID: 37541972 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The topical application of essential oils is considered an effective treatment for skin diseases. Cymbopogon distans (Nees ex Steud.) Wats (Poaceae) is a promising aromatic grass widespread in the Himalayan temperate zone. Therefore, using in-vitro and in-vivo bioassays, we examined the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of essential oil hydro-distilled from C. distans coded as CDA-01, specifically concerning skin inflammation. Characterization using GC-FID and GC-MS provided a chemical fingerprint for CDA-01, enabling the identification of 54 compounds; amongst them, citral (34.3%), geranyl acetate (21.2%), and geraniol (16.4%) were the most abundant. To examine the anti-inflammatory potential, CDA-01 treatment on LPS-stimulated macrophage cells in addition to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) generated cutaneous inflammatory reaction in the mouse ear was assessed through quantification of the inflammatory markers. Consequently, CDA-01 demonstrated protection against inflammation caused by LPS by lowering the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) level in HaCaT cells with negligible cytotoxicity. Consistent with the in-vitro findings, CDA-01 treatment reduced pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-, IL-6, and NO) and lipid peroxidation in an in-vivo investigation. Subcutaneous inflammation in TPA-treated mice ears was similarly decreased, as evidenced by the histological and morphological studies. As a result of our findings, it is possible that CDA-01 could be an effective treatment for skin inflammation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhatt
- Bio-Prospection and Product Development, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Munmun Kumar Singh
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Maurya
- Bio-Prospection and Product Development, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Amit Chauhan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, P.O. Dairy Farm Nagla, Uttarakhand, 263149, India
| | - Rajendra Chandra Padalia
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, P.O. Dairy Farm Nagla, Uttarakhand, 263149, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Verma
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - Dnyaneshwar U Bawankule
- Bio-Prospection and Product Development, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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3
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Asgharzadeh S, Shareghi B, Farhadian S. Structural alterations and inhibition of lysozyme activity upon binding interaction with rotenone: Insights from spectroscopic investigations and molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127831. [PMID: 37935297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive employment of pesticides such as rotenone on a global scale represents a substantial hazard to human health through direct exposure. Therefore, exploring the interactions between such compounds and body macromolecules such as proteins is crucial in comprehending the underlying mechanisms of their detrimental effects. The present study aims to delve into the molecular interaction between rotenone and lysozyme by employing spectroscopic techniques along with Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in mimicked physiological conditions. The binding interaction resulted in a fluorescence quenching characterized by both dynamic and static mechanisms, with static quenching playing a prominent role in governing this phenomenon. The analysis of thermodynamic parameters indicated that hydrophobic interactions primarily governed the spontaneous bonding process. FT-IR and circular dichroism findings revealed structural alternations of lysozyme upon complexation with rotenone. Also, complexation with rotenone declined the biological activity of lysozyme, thus rotenone could be considered an enzyme inhibitor. Further, the binding interaction substantially decreased the thermal stability of lysozyme. Molecular docking studies showed the binding location and the key residues interacting with rotenone. The findings of the spectroscopic investigations were confirmed and accurately supported by MD simulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Asgharzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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4
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Sun Y, Zabihi M, Li Q, Li X, Kim BJ, Ubogu EE, Raja SN, Wesselmann U, Zhao C. Drug Permeability: From the Blood-Brain Barrier to the Peripheral Nerve Barriers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2200150. [PMID: 37649593 PMCID: PMC10465108 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery into the peripheral nerves and nerve roots has important implications for effective local anesthesia and treatment of peripheral neuropathies and chronic neuropathic pain. Similar to drugs that need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), drugs must cross the peripheral nerve barriers (PNB), formed by the perineurium and blood-nerve barrier (BNB) to modulate peripheral axons. Despite significant progress made to develop effective strategies to enhance BBB permeability in therapeutic drug design, efforts to enhance drug permeability and retention in peripheral nerves and nerve roots are relatively understudied. Guided by knowledge describing structural, molecular and functional similarities between restrictive neural barriers in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS), we hypothesize that certain CNS drug delivery strategies are adaptable for peripheral nerve drug delivery. In this review, we describe the molecular, structural and functional similarities and differences between the BBB and PNB, summarize and compare existing CNS and peripheral nerve drug delivery strategies, and discuss the potential application of selected CNS delivery strategies to improve efficacious drug entry for peripheral nerve disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Mahmood Zabihi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Xiaosi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
| | - Eroboghene E. Ubogu
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Srinivasa N. Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ursula Wesselmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Consortium for Neuroengineering and Brain-Computer Interfaces, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
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Chávez-Delgado EL, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Essential Oils: Recent Advances on Their Dual Role as Food Preservatives and Nutraceuticals against the Metabolic Syndrome. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051079. [PMID: 36900596 PMCID: PMC10000519 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are compounds synthesized by plants as secondary products and are a complex mixture of volatile molecules. Studies have demonstrated their pharmacological activity in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Moreover, they have been used as antimicrobial and antioxidant food additives. The first part of this review discusses the role of EO as nutraceuticals to prevent metabolic syndrome-related disorders (i.e., obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases), showing results from in vitro and in vivo studies. Likewise, the second part describes the bioavailability and mechanisms of action of EO in preventing chronic diseases. The third part presents the application of EO as food additives, pointing out their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in food formulations. Finally, the last part explains the stability and methods for encapsulating EO. In conclusion, EO dual role as nutraceuticals and food additives makes them excellent candidates to formulate dietary supplements and functional foods. However, further investigation is needed to understand EO interaction mechanisms with human metabolic pathways and to develop novel technological approaches to enhance EO stability in food systems to scale up these processes and, in this way, to overcome current health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Chávez-Delgado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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6
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The effect of putrescine on the lysozyme activity and structure: Spectroscopic approaches and molecular dynamic simulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 213:112402. [PMID: 35151046 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present research addressed the influence of polyamine (putrescine) on the compound as well as function of lysozyme; accordingly, UV- Visible, fluorescence spectroscopy and simulation method were applied to fulfill this goal. Lysozyme's structural variability was examined at various putrescine concentrations; also, the putrescine binding to lysozyme was addressed using spectrofluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and UV-Vis measurements. The obtained results indicated that with raising the putrescine concentration, the intrinsic quenching fluorescence of lysozyme was decreased based on the static mechanism. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters also indicated that van der Waals as well as hydrogen bond forces served a fundamental role in determining the resulting stability; this was in agreement with modeling studies. Measurement of UV absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy also demonstrated that lysozyme's second and tertiary structures were altered in a putrescine concentration-dependent manner. Putrescine inhibited lysozyme's enzymatic activity, displaying its affinity with the lysozyme's active site. Further, molecular simulation conducted revealed that putrescine could have spontaneous binding to lysozyme, changing its structure, thus further emphasizing the experimental results.
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7
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Ashrafi N, Shareghi B, Farhadian S, Hosseini-Koupaei M. A comparative study of the interaction of naringenin with lysozyme by multi-spectroscopic methods, activity comparisons, and molecular modeling procedures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120931. [PMID: 35085994 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study applied steady-state fluorescence, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, molecular docking studies, and circular dichroism (CD) to investigate the interaction of naringenin with lysozyme in an aqueous medium. The UV-Vis measurement indicated the changes in lysozyme secondary and tertiary structure change as a function of the concentration of naringenin. Naringenin could be used to turn the static quenching mechanism into the intrinsic fluorescence of lysozyme. The negative amount of Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) suggested that the binding operation was spontaneous. Fluorescence studies also demonstrated the changes occurring in the Trp microenvironment upon the concatenation into lysozyme. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters also revealed that hydrophobic forces played a fundamental role in determining the complex stability; this was consistent with the previous modeling studies. Circular dichroism also suggested that the alpha-helicity of lysozyme was enhanced as ligand was bound. Naringenin inhibited lysozyme enzymatic activity, displaying its affinity with the lysozyme active site. Further, molecular docking studies demonstrated that naringenin could bind to both residues essential for catalytic activity in the proximity of Trp 62 and Trp 63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ashrafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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8
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Chograni H, Riahi L, Messaoud C. Variability of qualitative and quantitative secondary metabolites traits among wild genetic resources of Lavandula stoechas L. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Formulation of Topical Anti-Inflammatory Nanomedicines Based on Natural Substances. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091454. [PMID: 34575531 PMCID: PMC8472073 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of the skin is to protect the body from the external environment. However, the skin can undergo inflammatory processes, due to genetic, hormonal, or environmental factors. When the defense system is overloaded, there is an increase in pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in skin disorders. Among the substances used to treat these inflammatory processes, many natural substances with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are being studied: nature is yet an abundant source to obtain diverse pharmacological actives. The treatment of skin diseases is usually focused on topical application, as it reduces the risk of systemic side effects and prevents drug degradation by first-pass metabolism. Thus, the properties of drug delivery vehicles can facilitate or inhibit its permeation. Due to the hydrophobic nature of the skin, a promising strategy to improve dermal drug penetration is the use of lipid-based nanoparticles, such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Therefore, in this review, we present NLC as a tool to improve dermal administration of natural substances with anti-inflammatory properties.
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10
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Dobreva M, Stefanov S, Andonova V. Natural Lipids as Structural Components of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4524-4535. [PMID: 32410552 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200514221649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are useful drug delivery systems for dermal application. Thanks to their biocompatible and biodegradable profile, these carriers offer many advantages such as enhanced bioavailability, low toxicity, viable drug targeting and controlled release. SLN and NLC are composed of well-tolerated lipids, including natural fats and oils that are successfully used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic dermal formulation. OBJECTIVE This article presents an overview of the benefits of selecting natural fats and oils as structural components of SLN and NLC for topical application. METHODS This review is based on data published over the past 20 years about the development of stable and nontoxic lipid nanoparticles with natural lipids. We shed light on the role of natural fats in skin restoration, as well as on the contributed penetration and occlusive properties of SLN and NLC. RESULTS The deliberate selection of excipients (type and lipid ratio) influences the quality of the final dermal formulation. Natural lipids show good compatibility with different active molecules and are able to create stable lipid matrices that facilitate the biopharmaceutical properties of lipid nanoparticles. Patents involving natural fats and oils in SLN and NLC composition are listed, yet it is important to note that the approved marketed formulations are mainly cosmetic, not pharmaceutical, products. CONCLUSION Natural lipids can enhance topical drug delivery by adding their ability of improving skin penetration and hydration to the permeation and occlusion properties of SLN and NLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirena Dobreva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Stefanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Velichka Andonova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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Yang C, Guo S, Wu X, Yang P, Han L, Dai X, Shi X. Multiscale study on the enhancing effect and mechanism of borneolum on transdermal permeation of drugs with different log P values and molecular sizes. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Liu M, Liu T, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Yan H, Sun B, Wang Q, Wang Z, Han J. Comparative study on the interaction of oxyresveratrol and piceatannol with trypsin and lysozyme: binding ability, activity and stability. Food Funct 2020; 10:8182-8194. [PMID: 31696185 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01888c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural polyphenols showing a variety of beneficial effects will interact with multiple proteases after administration. The interactions of oxyresveratrol and piceatannol with trypsin and lysozyme were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and molecular docking. Fluorescence quenching results and UV-vis absorption difference spectra revealed that the quenching process was a static mode initiated by ground-state complex formation. The different binding ability of oxyresveratrol and piceatannol with trypsin and lysozyme was discussed based on their different molecular structures. Moreover, the major driving force for the binding process was elucidated as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces by the negative enthalpy and entropy changes. Synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism spectral analysis suggested that the binding of oxyresveratrol and piceatannol to trypsin and lysozyme induced some microenvironmental and conformational changes of the two enzymes. The thermal stability of the enzymes in the presence of polyphenols was studied based on the change in melting temperature by differential scanning calorimetry. The above experimental results were validated by the protein-ligand docking studies which showed the location of the two ligands in the enzymes and the surrounding amino acid residues. Furthermore, enzyme activity assays indicated that the enzymatic activity of trypsin and lysozyme was inhibited by oxyresveratrol and piceatannol. The effect of trypsin and lysozyme on the antioxidant activity and stability of oxyresveratrol and piceatannol was also investigated. In conclusion, the comparative study on the interaction of oxyresveratrol and piceatannol with trypsin and lysozyme showed that the positions of hydroxyl groups of the polyphenols had an important influence on their interaction with enzymes and their antioxidant activity and stability as well as the enzyme activities. The obtained results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the application of polyphenols in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Institute of BioPharmceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
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13
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Li Y, Wang C, Wang J, Chu T, Zhao L, Zhao L. Permeation-enhancing effects and mechanisms of O-acylterpineol on isosorbide dinitrate: mechanistic insights based on ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, molecular modeling, and CLSM images. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:107-119. [PMID: 30744434 PMCID: PMC6374923 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1561764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the penetration activity of O-acylterpineol derivatives both in vitro and in vivo, and to investigate the enhancing mechanism of O-acylterpineol derivatives which were synthesized by α-terpineol and fatty acid. The promoting activities on the isosorbide dinitrate patch were tested across full thickness rabbit skin both in vitro and in vivo. In order to elucidate the permeation mechanism, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, molecular modeling, and confocal laser scanning microscopy were introduced to investigate the regulation of enhancers in the skin permeability and biophysical properties. With in vitro cytotoxicity test and in vivo erythema model, the skin irritation of enhancers was also evaluated. Permeation studies showed 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-l-yl) propan-2-yl tetradecanoate produced the obvious enhancement activity for ISDN both in vitro and in vivo from patches. These results were supported by ATR-FTIR, molecular modeling, and CLSM studies which revealed that O-acylterpineol could decrease the order of the alkyl chains in the skin lipids. Additionally, it was found that TER-C14 produced a relatively low skin irritation, compared with the TER which was assumed to be a safe compound. The present research suggested that some newly designed acylterpineol derivatives are shown to be suitable permeation enhancers for transdermal drug delivery, and the chain length of C14 seem to be safe and more favorable for the penetration of ISDN from DIA patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianzhe Chu
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Novel Preparations and Drug Release Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ligang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Novel Preparations and Drug Release Technology, Tangshan, China
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14
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Zehetner P, Höferl M, Buchbauer G. Essential oil components and cytochrome P450 enzymes: a review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zehetner
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martina Höferl
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Gerhard Buchbauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
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15
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Nemu D. Getting high with the most high: Entheogens in the Old Testament. JOURNAL OF PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/2054.2019.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article collects evidence from psychopharmacology, scripture, and archeology to explore several preparations for consumption described in the Old Testament: Manna, Showbread, the Holy Ointment, and the Tabernacle Incense. The Ointment and the Incense are herbal preparations used by the priestly caste to facilitate a direct experience of the Israelite God. A wide variety of psychoactive components are found in these preparations, including GABA-receptor agonists and modulators, opioid receptor agonists, and other agents. They are normally broken down by the body’s enzymes, and therefore orally inactive, but the Holy Ointment also contains inhibitors specific to the enzymes in question. The preparations indicate that the ancient Israelites had a profound understanding of synergism, and the way they are consumed and the taboos around them are highly suggestive of their use as psychoactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Nemu
- 1 Independent Researcher, Psychedelic Press, UK
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Catap ES, Kho MJL, Jimenez MRR. In vivo nonspecific immunomodulatory and antispasmodic effects of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea Linn.) leaf extracts in ICR mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:191-198. [PMID: 29325915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Portulaca oleracea (common purslane) is used in traditional medicine to cure various illnesses. However, its immune-protective properties and antispasmodic effects still need more pharmacological data if the plant will be utilized in herbal and drug formulations. Therefore, the present study determined the capacity of this plant species to modulate nonspecific immune responses and to confirm its antispasmodic activity in vivo in ICR mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage, splenic lymphocyte proliferation and plasma lysozyme levels were measured in mice that were immunosuppressed using cyclophosphamide and treated with the ethyl acetate extract of Portulaca oleracea. In addition, the charcoal meal transit test was used to measure intestinal motility using ethanolic (EtOH), hexane (HEX), and ethyl acetate (EA) solvent extracts. Phytochemical analysis was undertaken and DPPH scavenging properties of the three solvent extracts were also determined. RESULTS The EA extract of P. oleracea exhibited immunoactivity through significant increase in phagocytosis and higher proliferative response in splenic lymphocytes. Plasma lysozyme level was also higher in EA-treated mice at high dose but this was not statistically significant. Decreased intestinal motility was also exhibited in mice treated with the three leaf solvent extracts compared to the negative control and the acetylcholine-treated group. The antispasmodic activity of the solvent extracts was comparable to that of the atropine-treated group. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins in EA extract in addition to alkaloids and steroids. The EtOH and HEX extracts contain alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids. DPPH scavenging activity was highest in the EA extract. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the EA extract of P. oleracea leaves ameliorated the immunosuppressive action of cyclophosphamide in mice. The results also indicated that the three solvent extracts of the plant decreased smooth muscle spasms in mice ileum. However, further experiments are warranted to further isolate the plant's immunoactive component. Also, the mechanisms involved in the immunoactivity and antispasmodic properties of P. oleracea deserve full elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Catap
- Institute of Biology, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
| | - Markyn Jared L Kho
- Institute of Biology, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Maria Rexie R Jimenez
- Institute of Biology, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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Pivetta TP, Simões S, Araújo MM, Carvalho T, Arruda C, Marcato PD. Development of nanoparticles from natural lipids for topical delivery of thymol: Investigation of its anti-inflammatory properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:281-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dubey K, Anand BG, Shekhawat DS, Kar K. Eugenol prevents amyloid formation of proteins and inhibits amyloid-induced hemolysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40744. [PMID: 28145454 PMCID: PMC5286398 DOI: 10.1038/srep40744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenol has attracted considerable attention because of its potential for many pharmaceutical applications including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic and anti-oxidant properties. Here, we have investigated the effect of eugenol on amyloid formation of selected globular proteins. We find that both spontaneous and seed-induced aggregation processes of insulin and serum albumin (BSA) are significantly suppressed in the presence of eugenol. Isothermal titration calorimetric data predict a single binding site for eugenol-insulin complex confirming the affinity of eugenol for native soluble insulin species. We also find that eugenol suppresses amyloid-induced hemolysis. Our findings reveal the inherent ability of eugenol to stabilize native proteins and to delay the conversion of protein species of native conformation into β-sheet assembled mature fibrils, which seems to be crucial for its inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Dubey
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011 India
| | - Bibin G Anand
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011 India
| | - Dolat Singh Shekhawat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011 India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011 India.,School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
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Duangjit S, Nimcharoenwan T, Chomya N, Locharoenrat N, Ngawhirunpat T. Computational design strategy: an approach to enhancing the transdermal delivery of optimal capsaicin-loaded transinvasomes. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:98-107. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1220575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sureewan Duangjit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovation Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tassanan Nimcharoenwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nutcha Chomya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natthaporn Locharoenrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovation Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Wang Y, Zhao XP, Ruan JW. Transdermal Drug Delivery System of Aceclofenac for Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Effect of Permeation Enhancers: In vitro and in vivo Characterization. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.456.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rangsimawong W, Opanasopit P, Rojanarata T, Ngawhirunpat T. Terpene-containing PEGylated liposomes as transdermal carriers of a hydrophilic compound. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:1936-43. [PMID: 25297807 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of PEGylated liposomes (PLs) containing a terpene on the penetration of a hydrophilic compound through porcine skin. PLs composed of N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethyleneglycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PEG2000-DSPE), the sodium salt of PEG2000-DSPE, phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (Chol), Tween 20, and d-limonene were prepared as carriers for fluorescein sodium (NaFI). The physicochemical characteristics of PLs and their effects on in vitro skin penetration were evaluated. Tape stripping was used to evaluate NaFI deposition in skin layers, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to investigate the depth of skin penetration and the pathways used by NaFI-loaded vesicles. PLs containing d-limonene were smaller and conferred higher entrapment efficiency and skin penetration on NaFI than did PLs and conventional liposomes (CLs). The deposition of NaFI from PLs with d-limonene was greater in epidermis and dermis (6.10±1.74 µg) than stratum corneum (2.06±0.47 µg). CLSM images revealed that NaFI penetrated into the deepest skin layer with maximum fluorescence intensity. NaFI penetrated deeper (180 µm) in follicular than nonfollicular regions (145 µm), suggesting a transfollicular pathway predominates in skin penetration by NaFI-loaded PLs. In conclusion, grafting PEG onto ultra-deformable liposomes may enhance transdermal NaFI delivery and may be used as a carrier to prolong liposome circulation time.
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