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Pereira CFDA, Melo MNDO, de Campos VEB, Pereira IP, Oliveira AP, Rocha MS, Batista JVDC, Paes de Almeida V, Monchak IT, Ricci-Júnior E, Garrett R, Carvalho AGA, Manfron J, Baumgartner S, Holandino C. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Using Lipophilic Extract of Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5953-5972. [PMID: 38895147 PMCID: PMC11185262 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s464508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Natural products are potential sources of anticancer components. Among various species, the lipophilic extract of the Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm. (VALE) has shown promising therapeutic potential. The present work aimed to qualify the plant source and characterize the extract's chemical profile. In addition, a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing VALE (SNEDDS-VALE) was developed. Methods V. album subsp. austriacum histochemistry was performed, and the chemical profile of VALE was analyzed by GC-MS. After the SNEEDS-VALE development, its morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while its stability was evaluated by the average droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI) and pH. Lastly, SNEDDS-VALE chemical stability was evaluated by LC-DAD-MS. Results The histochemical analysis showed the presence of lipophilic compounds in the leaves and stems. The major compound in the VALE was oleanolic acid, followed by lupeol acetate and ursolic acid. SNEDDS was composed of medium chain triglyceride and Kolliphor® RH 40 (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil). A homogeneous, isotropic and stable nanoemulsion was obtained, with an average size of 36.87 ± 1.04 nm and PdI of 0.14 ± 0.02, for 14 weeks. Conclusion This is the first histochemistry analysis of V. album subsp. austriacum growing on Pinus sylvestris L. which provided detailed information regarding its lipophilic compounds. A homogeneous, isotropic and stable SNEDDS-VALE was obtained to improve the low water solubility of VALE. Further, in vitro and in vivo experiments should be performed, in order to evaluate the antitumoral potential of SNEDDS-VALE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Faria de Amorim Pereira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Nonato de Oliveira Melo
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ivania Paiva Pereira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Passos Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Rocha
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Vitor da Costa Batista
- Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valter Paes de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Irailson Thierry Monchak
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Júnior
- Galenic Development Laboratory (LADEG), Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Garrett
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jane Manfron
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stephan Baumgartner
- Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla Holandino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland
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Mahajan N, Mujtaba MA, Fule R, Thakre S, Akhtar MS, Alavudeen SS, Anwer MK, Aldawsari MF, Mahmood D, Alam MS. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Tenofovir: Formulation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Bioavailability Assessment. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8139-8150. [PMID: 38405505 PMCID: PMC10882655 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Tenofovir (TNF) is a common component of many antiretroviral therapy regimens, but it is associated with poor membrane permeability and low oral bioavailability. To improve its oral bioavailability and membrane permeability, a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was developed and characterized, and its relative bioavailability was compared to the marketed tablets (Tenof). Based on solubility and ternary phase diagram analysis, eucalyptus oil was selected as an oil phase, Kolliphor EL, and Kollisolv MCT 70 were chosen as surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively, while glycerol was used as cosolvent in surfactant mixture. Optimized SEDDS formulation F6 showed an oil droplet size of 98.82 nm and zeta potential of -13.03 mV, indicating the high stability of oil droplets. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy characterization studies were also carried out to assess the amorphous and morphological states of the drug in the prepared SEDDS formulation. The in vitro dissolution profile of SEDDS shows the rapid release of the drug. SEDDS F6 demonstrates a higher drug permeability than the plain TNF and TNF-marketed tablets (Tenof). A pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed that SEDDS F6 showed significantly higher Cmax and AUC0-t than the marketed tablets and pure drug suspension. In addition, the relative bioavailability of SEDDS formulation dramatically improved by 21.53-fold compared to marketed tablets and 66.27-fold compared to pure drugs. These findings show that SEDDS composed of eucalyptus oil, glycerol, Kolliphor EL, and Kollisolv MCT 70 could be a useful tool for enhancing physiochemical properties and oral TNF absorption. Therefore, SEDDS has shown promise in improving the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Mahajan
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College
of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440037, India
| | - Md Ali Mujtaba
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern
Border University, Rafhaa 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritesh Fule
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440037, India
| | - Sonali Thakre
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College
of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440037, India
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudeen S. Alavudeen
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, AL-Fara, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Mahmood
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sarfaraz Alam
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, HIMT Group of Institutions, Knowledge Park 1, Gautam Buddh Nagar
District, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
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Xia B, Zheng L, Li Y, Sun W, Liu Y, Li L, Pang J, Chen J, Li J, Cheng H. The brief overview, antivirus and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, quantitative methods, and pharmacokinetics of cepharanthine: a potential small-molecule drug against COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098972. [PMID: 37583901 PMCID: PMC10423819 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To effectively respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an increasing number of researchers are focusing on the antiviral activity of cepharanthine (CEP), which is a clinically approved drug being used for over 70 years. This review aims to provide a brief overview of CEP and summarize its recent findings in quantitative analysis, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic potential, and mechanism in antiviral and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Given its remarkable capacity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo, with its primary target organ being the lungs, and its good pharmacokinetic profile; mature and stable manufacturing technique; and its advantages of safety, effectiveness, and accessibility, CEP has become a promising drug candidate for treating COVID-19 despite being an old drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfang Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liushui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyao Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Liu K, Hong B, Wang S, Lou F, You Y, Hu R, Shafqat A, Fan H, Tong Y. Pharmacological Activity of Cepharanthine. Molecules 2023; 28:5019. [PMID: 37446681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cepharanthine, a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ) alkaloid isolated from the plant Stephania Cephalantha Hayata, is the only bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid approved for human use and has been used in the clinic for more than 70 years. Cepharanthine has a variety of medicinal properties, including signaling pathway inhibitory activities, immunomodulatory activities, and antiviral activities. Recently, cepharanthine has been confirmed to greatly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we aimed to describe the pharmacological properties and mechanisms of cepharanthine, mainly including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-pathogen activities, inhibition of bone resorption, treatment of alopecia, treatment of snake bite, and other activities. At the same time, we analyzed and summarized the potential antiviral mechanism of cepharanthine and concluded that one of the most important anti-viral mechanisms of cepharanthine may be the stability of plasma membrane fluidity. Additionally, we explained its safety and bioavailability, which provides evidence for cepharanthine as a potential drug for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Finally, we further discuss the potential new clinical applications of cepharanthine and provide direction for its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bixia Hong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fuxing Lou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yecheng You
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruolan Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Amna Shafqat
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Chae GE, Kim DW, Jin HE. Development of Squalene-Based Oil-in-Water Emulsion Adjuvants Using a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Antigen-Specific Antibody Titers. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6221-6231. [PMID: 36531114 PMCID: PMC9749031 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s379950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A recombinant protein cannot induce sufficient immune response by itself. Various substances, including cytokine and mineral, have been used as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines; however, most of them induce excessive immune responses or exhibit cytotoxicity. In this study, a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS), an isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, and solvent, was designed for oil-in-water emulsions as a non-toxic adjuvant to increase immune response to antigens. METHODS Squalene-based oil-in-water emulsions were prepared by SEDDS to assess its value as an adjuvant. Fifteen emulsions (F1-F15) were prepared by stirring two types of surfactants (Span® 85 and Kolliphor® RH40), and squalene and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were added at different ratios. The physical properties and viscosity of the 15 emulsions were evaluated by measuring droplet size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. The toxic effect of emulsions was assessed by acute toxicity test in mice. Mice were immunized twice with 1:1 mixtures of antigen and adjuvant (15 emulsions, phosphate-buffered saline, and commercial alum-based adjuvant). Antigen-specific antibody titers from immunized mice serum were measured by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS All emulsions exhibited droplet sizes ranging from 322 to 812 nm and maintained zeta potential values between -30 mV to -10 mV for 4 weeks, indicating good physical stability as a vaccine adjuvant. Additionally, all emulsions were non-toxic, and they induced humoral immunity at a similar level compared to commercial alum-based adjuvant in the first immunization. However, 12% squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion containing 0.5% of ultra-high viscosity CMC (F15) showed significantly higher immune response than a commercial adjuvant in the second immunization. CONCLUSION Squalene-based oil-in-water emulsions could be conveniently prepared using SEDDS technique and are non-toxic and stable at room temperature storage. Moreover, squalene-based oil-in-water emulsions show enhanced immune induction with antigen; hence, they can possibly be used as effective adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Eul Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
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SEDEX-Self-Emulsifying Delivery Via Hot Melt Extrusion: A Continuous Pilot-Scale Feasibility Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122617. [PMID: 36559111 PMCID: PMC9783592 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a continuous pilot-scale solidification and characterization of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) via hot melt extrusion (HME) using Soluplus® and Kollidon® VA-64. First, an oil-binding capacity study was performed to estimate the maximal amount of SEDDSs that the polymers could bind. Then, HME was conducted using a Coperion 18 mm ZSK18 pilot plant-scale extruder with split-feeding of polymer and SEDDS in 10, 20, and 30% w/w SEDDSs was conducted. The prepared extrudates were characterized depending on appearance, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray scattering, emulsification time, droplet size, polydispersity index, and cloud point. The oil-binding studies showed that the polymers were able to bind up to 50% w/w of liquid SEDDSs. The polymers were processed via HME in a temperature range between 110 and 160 °C, where a plasticizing effect of the SEDDSs was observed. The extrudates were found to be stable in the amorphous state and self-emulsified in demineralized water at 37 °C with mean droplet sizes between 50 and 300 nm. A cloud point and phase inversion were evident in the Soluplus® samples. In conclusion, processing SEDDSs with HME could be considered a promising alternative to the established solidification techniques as well as classic amorphous solid dispersions for drug delivery.
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Liu L, Cao W, Xia M, Tian C, Wu W, Cai Y, Chu X. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Enhances Tissue Distribution of Cinnamaldehyde by Altering the Properties of the Mucus Layer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:261. [PMID: 36131215 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery is considered the preferred route of administration due to its convenience and favorable compliance. However, this delivery often faces difficulties, such as poor solubility, limited absorption, and undesirable stability, especially for some volatile oils. The aim of this study was to develop self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) containing cinnamaldehyde (CA) to overcome these shortcomings. The CA-SEDDS were spherical and smooth with an average size of 14.96 ± 0.18 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and attenuated total reflection by Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) showed that CA has been successfully loaded into SEDDS. The accumulative release of CA-SEDDS (73.39%) was approximately 2.14-fold that of free CA when using simulated intestinal fluid as the release medium. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the mucus network structure. Rheological tests found that CA-SEDDS can appropriately enhance the viscosity of the mucus system. We found from tissue distribution studies that CA was more widely distributed in various tissues in the CA-SEDDS group compared to the free CA group. The cinnamaldehyde and cinnamon acid also accumulated more in various tissues in the CA-SEDDS group than in the free CA group, especially in the kidney. These findings hinted that SEDDS exhibited lower irritation, good release, and penetration, which demonstrated great potential for utilizing CA. Our research supports the rational implications of SEDDS in delivering similar volatile substances by improving the solubility, mucus penetration, and stability, resulting in excellent clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China.,Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Chunling Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China.
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Sharma A, Arora K, Mohapatra H, Sindhu RK, Bulzan M, Cavalu S, Paneshar G, Elansary HO, El-Sabrout AM, Mahmoud EA, Alaklabi A. Supersaturation-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Strategy for Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092969. [PMID: 35566319 PMCID: PMC9101434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, the majority of APIs synthesized today remain challenging tasks for formulation development. Many technologies are being utilized or explored for enhancing solubility, such as chemical modification, novel drug delivery systems (microemulsions, nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.), salt formation, and many more. One promising avenue attaining attention presently is supersaturated drug delivery systems. When exposed to gastrointestinal fluids, drug concentration exceeds equilibrium solubility and a supersaturation state is maintained long enough to be absorbed, enhancing bioavailability. In this review, the latest developments in supersaturated drug delivery systems are addressed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Kanika Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Harapriya Mohapatra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Rakesh K. Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.K.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Madalin Bulzan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Correspondence: (R.K.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Gulsheen Paneshar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt;
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
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Bhattacharya S, Pawde D, Dumpala RL. Preparation of Sorafenib tosylate self-emulsified drug delivery system and the effect on combination therapy with Bosutinib against HCT116/SW1417 cells. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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