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Netzer NC, Strohl KP, Pramsohler S. Influence of nutrition and food on sleep-is there evidence? Sleep Breath 2024; 28:61-68. [PMID: 37740061 PMCID: PMC10954981 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of sleep disorders on metabolism, especially concerning obesity and diabetes, as well as obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, has been widely investigated. However, the effect of nutrition and the intake of certain foods on sleep has only recently gained attention. In recent years, there have been publications on intake of certain foods and certain diets regarding their influence on sleep, as well as activity of adipocytes and their effect on production of sleep hormones. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a PubMed search using the key words "sleep," "sleep disorders," "nutrition," "food," and "food intake" published from 2012 to 2022. We excluded by consensus all articles with diets and exercise programs or bariatric surgery for weight loss to treat sleep apnea, all articles on connections between sleep disorders and metabolic disorders, and articles concerning the influence of drugs on neuroactive substances. RESULTS Of the 4155 publications revealed, 988 had nutrition, metabolism, and sleep as the primary topic of research. Of these 988 publications, only 26 fulfilled the content requirements concerning the influence of certain food and diets on sleep or sleep disorders, including the influence of the gastrointestinal system and adipocytes on sleep hormones. None of the investigations revealed clear evidence of an effect of a certain diet or food on sleep. Epidemiologic surveys suggest that shortened or fragmented sleep and chronotype in adults influence nutrition and fat metabolism. Additionally, there is evidence that adipocyte signaling influences neuronal mediators and hormones of the sleep-wake cycle. CONCLUSION There is no evidence of a direct influence of certain nutrition or food intake on sleep. Obesity via adipocyte signaling may influence the sleep-wake cycle, though the molecular research on this topic is based on animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus C Netzer
- Hermann Buhl Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Institute for Mountain Emergency Medicine, Terra X Cube, EURAC Research, Via Hypathia 2, 39100, Bozen, Italy.
- Div. of Sport Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, University Hospitals Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Kingman P Strohl
- Div. Pulmonary Medicine, Dept. Internal Medicine, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephan Pramsohler
- Hermann Buhl Institute for Hypoxia and Sleep Medicine Research, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Div. of Sport Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, University Hospitals Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Civelek E, Ozturk Civelek D, Akyel YK, Kaleli Durman D, Okyar A. Circadian Dysfunction in Adipose Tissue: Chronotherapy in Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1077. [PMID: 37626963 PMCID: PMC10452180 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Essential for survival and reproduction, the circadian timing system (CTS) regulates adaptation to cyclical changes such as the light/dark cycle, temperature change, and food availability. The regulation of energy homeostasis possesses rhythmic properties that correspond to constantly fluctuating needs for energy production and consumption. Adipose tissue is mainly responsible for energy storage and, thus, operates as one of the principal components of energy homeostasis regulation. In accordance with its roles in energy homeostasis, alterations in adipose tissue's physiological processes are associated with numerous pathologies, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. These alterations also include changes in circadian rhythm. In the current review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding the circadian rhythmicity of adipogenesis, lipolysis, adipokine secretion, browning, and non-shivering thermogenesis in adipose tissue and to evaluate possible links between those alterations and metabolic diseases. Based on this evaluation, potential therapeutic approaches, as well as clock genes as potential therapeutic targets, are also discussed in the context of chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34815 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Deniz Kaleli Durman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
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Zambrano C, Kulyté A, Luján J, Rivero-Gutierrez B, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O, Ryden M, Scheer FAJL, Garaulet M. Habitual nappers and non-nappers differ in circadian rhythms of LIPE expression in abdominal adipose tissue explants. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1166961. [PMID: 37361522 PMCID: PMC10289256 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1166961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Napping is a widespread practice worldwide and has in recent years been linked to increased abdominal adiposity. Lipase E or LIPE encodes the protein hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), an enzyme that plays an important role in lipid mobilization and exhibits a circadian expression rhythm in human adipose tissue. We hypothesized that habitual napping may impact the circadian expression pattern of LIPE, which in turn may attenuate lipid mobilization and induce abdominal fat accumulation. Methods Abdominal adipose tissue explants from participants with obesity (n = 17) were cultured for a 24-h duration and analyzed every 4 h. Habitual nappers (n = 8) were selected to match non-nappers (n = 9) in age, sex, BMI, adiposity, and metabolic syndrome traits. Circadian LIPE expression rhythmicity was analyzed using the cosinor method. Results Adipose tissue explants exhibited robust circadian rhythms in LIPE expression in non-nappers. In contrast, nappers had a flattened rhythm. LIPE amplitude was decreased in nappers as compared with non-nappers (71% lower). The decrease in amplitude among nappers was related to the frequency of napping (times per week) where a lower rhythm amplitude was associated with a higher napping frequency (r = -0.80; P = 0.018). Confirmatory analyses in the activity of LIPE's protein (i.e., HSL) also showed a significant rhythm in non-nappers, whereas significance in the activity of HSL was lost among nappers. Conclusion Our results suggest that nappers display dysregulated circadian LIPE expression as well as dysregulated circadian HSL activity, which may alter lipid mobilization and contribute to increased abdominal obesity in habitual nappers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Zambrano
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca-Universidad de Murcia (UMU), University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine Huddinge (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juán Luján
- General Surgery Service, Hospital Quirón salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Belén Rivero-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERed), Ibs Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Ibs Granada, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INYTA) José Mataix, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mikael Ryden
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine Huddinge (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank A. J. L. Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca-Universidad de Murcia (UMU), University Clinical Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Tang D, Tang Q, Huang W, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Fu X. Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204487. [PMID: 36737846 PMCID: PMC10037992 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition is a risk factor for various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Therefore, targeting overnutrition represents a simple but attractive strategy for the treatment of these increasing public health threats. Fasting as a dietary intervention for combating overnutrition has been extensively studied. Fasting has been practiced for millennia, but only recently have its roles in the molecular clock, gut microbiome, and tissue homeostasis and function emerged. Fasting can slow aging in most species and protect against various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. These centuried and unfading adventures and explorations suggest that fasting has the potential to delay aging and help prevent and treat diseases while minimizing side effects caused by chronic dietary interventions. In this review, recent animal and human studies concerning the role and underlying mechanism of fasting in physiology and pathology are summarized, the therapeutic potential of fasting is highlighted, and the combination of pharmacological intervention and fasting is discussed as a new treatment regimen for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Qiuyan Tang
- Neurology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Clinical MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan610075China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Centre of Excellence for PancreatitisInstitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
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Abstract
The circadian clock is a cell-autonomous transcription-translation feedback mechanism that anticipates and adapts physiology and behavior to different phases of the day. A variety of factors including hormones, temperature, food-intake, and exercise can act on tissue-specific peripheral clocks to alter the expression of genes that influence metabolism, all in a time-of-day dependent manner. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of exercise timing on adipose tissue metabolism. We performed RNA sequencing on inguinal adipose tissue of mice immediately following maximal exercise or sham treatment at the early rest or early active phase. Only during the early active phase did exercise elicit an immediate increase in serum nonesterified fatty acids. Furthermore, early active phase exercise increased expression of markers of thermogenesis and mitochondrial proliferation in inguinal adipose tissue. In vitro, synchronized 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed a timing-dependent difference in Adrb2 expression, as well as a greater lipolytic activity. Thus, the response of adipose tissue to exercise is time-of-day sensitive and may be partly driven by the circadian clock. To determine the influence of feeding state on the time-of-day response to exercise, we replicated the experiment in 10-h-fasted early rest phase mice to mimic the early active phase metabolic status. A 10-h fast led to a similar lipolytic response as observed after active phase exercise but did not replicate the transcriptomic response, suggesting that the observed changes in gene expression are not driven by feeding status. In conclusion, acute exercise elicits timing-specific effects on adipose tissue to maintain metabolic homeostasis.
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Vujović N, Piron MJ, Qian J, Chellappa SL, Nedeltcheva A, Barr D, Heng SW, Kerlin K, Srivastav S, Wang W, Shoji B, Garaulet M, Brady MJ, Scheer FAJL. Late isocaloric eating increases hunger, decreases energy expenditure, and modifies metabolic pathways in adults with overweight and obesity. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1486-1498.e7. [PMID: 36198293 PMCID: PMC10184753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Late eating has been linked to obesity risk. It is unclear whether this is caused by changes in hunger and appetite, energy expenditure, or both, and whether molecular pathways in adipose tissues are involved. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02298790) to determine the effects of late versus early eating while rigorously controlling for nutrient intake, physical activity, sleep, and light exposure. Late eating increased hunger (p < 0.0001) and altered appetite-regulating hormones, increasing waketime and 24-h ghrelin:leptin ratio (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, late eating decreased waketime energy expenditure (p = 0.002) and 24-h core body temperature (p = 0.019). Adipose tissue gene expression analyses showed that late eating altered pathways involved in lipid metabolism, e.g., p38 MAPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, modulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, and autophagy, in a direction consistent with decreased lipolysis/increased adipogenesis. These findings show converging mechanisms by which late eating may result in positive energy balance and increased obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vujović
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Matthew J Piron
- Department of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah L Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arlet Nedeltcheva
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Barr
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Su Wei Heng
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kayla Kerlin
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suhina Srivastav
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brent Shoji
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Matthew J Brady
- Department of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Approaches to Measuring the Activity of Major Lipolytic and Lipogenic Enzymes In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911093. [PMID: 36232405 PMCID: PMC9570359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, one of the goals of adipose tissue research has been to determine lipolytic and lipogenic activity as the primary metabolic pathways affecting adipocyte health and size and thus representing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. Nowadays, there is a relatively large number of methods to measure the activity of these pathways and involved enzymes, but their applicability to different biological samples is variable. Here, we review the characteristics of mean lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, their inhibitors, and available methodologies for assessing their activity, and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies and their applicability in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, i.e., in cells, organs and their respective extracts, with the emphasis on adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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Chronodisruption and diet associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in coronary heart disease patients: the CORDIOPREV study. Transl Res 2022; 242:79-92. [PMID: 34752950 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with evening chronotypes are prone to suffer chronodisruption and display worse lifestyle habits than morning-types, exhibiting higher cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, it is unknown whether CVD patients, who are evening chronotypes, have higher cardiometabolic risk than morning-types. This study explored whether individual chronotypes were associated with cardiometabolic risk in patients from the CORDIOPREV study (n = 857). We also investigated whether potential associations were moderated by long-term consumption of two healthy diets (Mediterranean and Low-fat diets). This population was classified into chronotypes using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Seven-day daily rhythms in wrist temperature (T), rest-activity (A) and position (P) were recorded in a subset of patients (n = 168), and an integrative variable TAP was determined. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was determined at baseline, and metabolic and inflammation markers were measured at baseline and yearly during the 4 years of follow-up. Differences in several lifestyle factors were analyzed according to chronotype. At all times, evening-types had higher triglycerides, C-reactive protein and homocysteine and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol than morning-types (P < 0.05). Evening-types had a higher prevalence of MetS (OR 1.58 IC 95% [1.10 - 2.28], P = 0.01). Moreover, they were more sedentary, displayed less and delayed physical activity and ate and slept later. In addition, evening-types had lower amplitude, greater fragmentation, lower robustness and less stable circadian pattern at TAP (P < 0.01), all related to a less healthy circadian pattern. In conclusion, evening-types with CVD had higher cardiometabolic risk and less robust circadian-related rhythms than morning-types, regardless of the nutritional intervention.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will discuss the recent studies that implicate disturbed diurnal rhythms with the development of obesity. The second part of the review will discuss studies that use feeding time to restore diurnal rhythms and rescue obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in patients with obesity and diabetes reveal attenuated circadian and metabolic rhythms in adipose tissue. The use of animal models furthers our mechanistic insight on how environmental disturbances such as high-fat diet and shift work disturb circadian and metabolic rhythms. Studies in both animals and humans describe how disturbance of diurnal rhythms can lead to increased adiposity and obesity. The effects of time-restricted feeding in animals and the time of feeding in humans provide new evidence on how restoring diurnal rhythms can reverse adiposity and obesity. SUMMARY Many more studies in humans were performed in recent years to confirm a number of findings from animal studies. It is becoming apparent that the time of feeding and maintaining a healthy daily schedule is important for metabolic health. Ongoing studies may soon improve current recommendations regarding the time of eating and time of day behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios K Paschos
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Eating Habits and Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adult Population of Ecuador. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073606. [PMID: 33807140 PMCID: PMC8037487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Confinement due to COVID-19 has brought important changes in people’s lives as well as in their eating and resting habits. In this study we aimed at exploring the eating habits and sleep quality of the adult population of Ecuador during the mandatory confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study, which used an online survey that included questions about eating habits and sleeping habits in adults (n = 9522) between 18–69 years old. The Pittsburg sleep quality questionnaire validated for the Hispanic population was used, and questions about dietary habits. The statistical test Chi-square statistical test was used to analyze the data. The results show that sleep quality differs according to sex, being worse in women, both in all components of sleep quality and in the total score (p < 0.001). Women had greater changes in the habitual consumption of food compared to men (24.24% vs. 22.53%), and people between 18 and 40 years of age decreased their food consumption in relation to people >40 years (24.06% vs. 17.73%). Our results indicate that mandatory confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador has generated changes in the eating habits and sleep quality in the adult population sampled, and these changes are more noticeable in women and young adults. These changes offer an important alert for the health system and further, advice for the implementation of future public health policies.
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Arredondo-Amador M, Zambrano C, Kulyté A, Luján J, Hu K, Sánchez de Medina F, Scheer FAJL, Arner P, Ryden M, Martínez-Augustin O, Garaulet M. Circadian Rhythms in Hormone-sensitive Lipase in Human Adipose Tissue: Relationship to Meal Timing and Fasting Duration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5877911. [PMID: 32725188 PMCID: PMC7538104 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat mobilization in adipose tissue (AT) has a specific timing. However, circadian rhythms in the activity of the major enzyme responsible for fat mobilization, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), have not been demonstrated in humans. OBJECTIVE To analyze in a cross-sectional study whether there is an endogenous circadian rhythm in HSL activity in human AT ex vivo and whether rhythm characteristics are related to food timing or fasting duration. METHODS Abdominal AT biopsies were obtained from 18 severely obese participants (age: 46 ± 11 years; body mass index 42 ± 6 kg/m2) who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass. Twenty-four-hour rhythms of HSL activity and LIPE (HSL transcript in humans) expression in subcutaneous AT were analyzed together with habitual food timing and night fasting duration. RESULTS HSL activity exhibited a circadian rhythm (P = .023) and reached the maximum value at circadian time 16 (CT) that corresponded to around midnight (relative local clock time. Similarly, LIPE displayed a circadian rhythm with acrophase also at night (P = .0002). Participants with longer night fasting duration >11.20 hours displayed almost double the amplitude (1.91 times) in HSL activity rhythm than those with short duration (P = .013); while habitual early diners (before 21:52 hours) had 1.60 times higher amplitude than late diners (P = .035). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate circadian rhythms in HSL activity and may lead to a better understanding of the intricate relationships between food timing, fasting duration and body fat regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Arredondo-Amador
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Zambrano
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (H7) Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juán Luján
- General Surgery Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Arner
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (H7) Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ryden
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (H7) Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Marta Garaulet, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, s/n. 30100, Murcia, Spain; or Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s, Boston, MA, USA. E-mail: ;
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