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van Beek SMM, Bruls YMH, Vanweert F, Fealy CE, Connell NJ, Schaart G, Moonen-Kornips E, Jörgensen JA, Vaz FM, Smeets ETHC, Joris PJ, Gemmink A, Houtkooper RH, Hesselink MKC, Bengtsson T, Havekes B, Schrauwen P, Hoeks J. Effect of β2-agonist treatment on insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose disposal in healthy men in a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:173. [PMID: 36635304 PMCID: PMC9835033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-agonist treatment improves skeletal muscle glucose uptake and whole-body glucose homeostasis in rodents, likely via mTORC2-mediated signalling. However, human data on this topic is virtually absent. We here investigate the effects of two-weeks treatment with the β2-agonist clenbuterol (40 µg/day) on glucose control as well as energy- and substrate metabolism in healthy young men (age: 18-30 years, BMI: 20-25 kg/m2) in a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study (ClinicalTrials.gov-identifier: NCT03800290). Randomisation occurred by controlled randomisation and the final allocation sequence was seven (period 1: clenbuterol, period 2: placebo) to four (period 1: placebo, period 2: clenbuterol). The primary and secondary outcome were peripheral insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation, respectively. Primary analyses were performed on eleven participants. No serious adverse events were reported. The study was performed at Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, between August 2019 and April 2021. Clenbuterol treatment improved peripheral insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by 13% (46.6 ± 3.5 versus 41.2 ± 2.7 µmol/kg/min, p = 0.032), whereas skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation assessed in overnight fasted muscle biopsies remained unaffected. These results highlight the potential of β2-agonist treatment in improving skeletal muscle glucose uptake and underscore the therapeutic value of this pathway for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, given the well-known (cardiovascular) side-effects of systemic β2-agonist treatment, further exploration on the underlying mechanisms is needed to identify viable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten M M van Beek
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M H Bruls
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ciarán E Fealy
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J Connell
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna A Jörgensen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen T H C Smeets
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Gemmink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Hostrup M, Knudsen JG, Kristensen CM, Jessen S, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J. Beta 2 -agonist increases skeletal muscle interleukin 6 production and release in response to resistance exercise in men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1099-1108. [PMID: 35460295 PMCID: PMC9545867 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several tissues produce and release interleukin-6 (IL-6) in response to beta2 -adrenergic stimulation with selective agonists (beta2 -agonists). Moreover, exercise stimulates muscle IL-6 production, but whether beta2 -agonists regulate skeletal muscle production and release of IL-6 in humans in association with exercise remains to be clarified. Thus, we investigated leg IL-6 release in response to beta2 -agonist salbutamol in lean young men at rest and in recovery from resistance exercise. DESIGN The study employed a randomized controlled crossover design, where 12 men ingested either salbutamol (16 mg) or placebo for 4 days, followed by the last dose (24 mg) administered 1½ h before exercise. Arterial and femoral venous plasma IL-6 as well as femoral artery blood flow was measured before and ½-5 h in recovery from quadriceps muscle resistance exercise. Furthermore, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected ½ and 5 h after exercise for determination of mRNA levels of IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α. RESULTS Average leg IL-6 release was 1.7-fold higher (p = 0.01) for salbutamol than placebo, being 138 ± 76 and 79 ± 66 pg min-1 (mean ± SD) for salbutamol and placebo, respectively, but IL-6 release was not significantly different between treatments within specific sampling points at rest and after exercise. Muscle IL-6 mRNA was 1.5- and 1.7-fold higher (p = 0.001) for salbutamol than placebo ½ and 5 h after exercise, respectively, whereas no significant treatment differences were observed for TNF-α mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Beta2 -adrenergic stimulation with high doses of the selective beta2 -agonist salbutamol, preceeded by 4 consecutive daily doses, induces transcription of IL-6 in skeletal muscle in response to resistance exercise, and increases muscle IL-6 release in lean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hostrup
- August Krogh Section of Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grunnet Knudsen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Maag Kristensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Jessen
- August Krogh Section of Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- August Krogh Section of Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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