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Navarro-Ledesma S, Hamed-Hamed D, González-Muñoz A, Pruimboom L. Physical Activity, Insulin Resistance and Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:656. [PMID: 38339407 PMCID: PMC10854631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance (IR), a key aspect of type 2 diabetes and a defining characteristic of obesity and its associated conditions, emerges as a mechanistic pathway potentially implicated in cancer pathophysiology. This presents an appealing intervention target for cancer patients. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review, examining the scientific evidence regarding the impact of physical activity on modifying insulin resistance in individuals with cancer. METHODS The selection criteria were specific: only randomized controlled clinical trials published in the last 13 years and written in English or Spanish were included. The databases utilized for the search included PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and WEB OF SCIENCE. The protocol for this review was duly registered in the International Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023435002). The final search was conducted on 14 May 2023. RESULTS The outcomes were assessed using the tool proposed by the Cochrane Handbook to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Among the 12 studies incorporated, 8 demonstrated a low risk of bias, two had an unclear risk of bias, and the remaining two showed a high risk of bias. The variety of exercise types used across all studies was extensive, making definitive conclusions challenging. Physical activity was linked to enhanced insulin sensitivity in seven studies, while five studies showed no significant changes in insulin resistance between the intervention and control groups. Importantly, none of the interventions employed in the included studies exhibited adverse effects on the study participants. CONCLUSIONS The role of exercise as a medicine against insulin resistance has been evidenced in many different studies, mostly related to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Engaging in physical activity could be a healthy option to combat the effects of insulin resistance in cancer patients, although evidence is weak and limited, according to the results of our systemic review. We further found that literature is lacking at the level of optimal doses, timing, and type of exercise. More studies are needed with more defined PA programs in type and length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Campus of Melilla Querol Streel 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain
- University Chair in Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, 52004 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Dina Hamed-Hamed
- Clinical Medicine and Public Health PhD Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. de la I, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Ana González-Muñoz
- Clinical Medicine and Public Health PhD Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. de la I, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (A.G.-M.)
- Clinic Ana González, Avenida Hernan Nuñez de Toledo 6, 29018 Malaga, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- University Chair in Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, 52004 Melilla, Spain;
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Natalucci V, Ferri Marini C, Lucertini F, Annibalini G, Sisti D, Vallorani L, Saltarelli R, Panico AR, Imperio M, Flori M, Busacca P, Villarini A, Donati Zeppa S, Agostini D, Monaldi S, Barocci S, Catalano V, Rocchi MBL, Benelli P, Stocchi V, Barbieri E, Emili R. Effect of a lifestyle intervention program's on breast cancer survivors' cardiometabolic health: Two-year follow-up. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21761. [PMID: 38027927 PMCID: PMC10651516 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the cardiometabolic responses of a lifestyle intervention (LI) conducted at home among breast cancer (BC) survivors during the two years of COVID-19 pandemic. A 3-month LI focused on diet and exercise was performed on thirty BC survivors (women; stages 0-II; non-metastatic; aged 53.6 ± 7.6 years; non-physically active) with a risk factor related to metabolic/endocrine diseases. Anthropometrics, cardiorespiratory fitness (V ˙ O2max), physical activity level (PAL), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet modified questionnaire), and several biomarkers (i.e., glycemia, insulin, insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] index, triglycerides, high- [HDL] and low- [LDL] density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, progesterone, testosterone, and hs-troponin) were evaluated before and 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month after the LI. Beneficial effects of the LI were observed on several variables (i.e., body mass index, waist circumference, MeDiet, PAL, V ˙ O2max, glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR index, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone) after 3-month. The significant effect on Mediterranean diet adherence and V ˙ O2max persisted up to the 24-month follow-up. Decreases in HOMA-IR index and triglycerides were observed up to 12-month, however did not persist afterward. This study provides evidence on the positive association between LI and cardiometabolic health in BC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Natalucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Luciana Vallorani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Roberta Saltarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Rocco Panico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marta Imperio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Flori
- U.O.C. Cardiologia/UTIC, AST, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Paolo Busacca
- U.O.C. Cardiologia/UTIC, AST, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Anna Villarini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Settimio Gambuli, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Monaldi
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica, AST, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Simone Barocci
- U.O.C. Patologia Clinica, AST, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Catalano
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica, AST, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Piero Benelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Human Sciences for the Promotion of Quality of Life, University San Raffaele, 20132, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Rita Emili
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica, AST, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 61029, Urbino, Italy
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Makari-Judson G, Viskochil R, Katz D, Barham R, Mertens WC. Insulin resistance and weight gain in women treated for early stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 194:423-431. [PMID: 35596826 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both weight gain and insulin resistance have been associated with poorer prognosis in women receiving adjuvant therapy for early stage breast cancer, however, interactions between weight gain and insulin resistance have not been explored longitudinally throughout the breast cancer treatment continuum. METHODS One hundred non-diabetic women with early stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and /or hormonal therapy were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Metrics of weight, body composition (BMI, waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR)), and cardiometabolic health (fasting insulin, glucose and triglycerides) were obtained prior to adjuvant therapy (baseline) and repeated 6, 12, and 24 months post-diagnosis. Insulin resistance was calculated using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Complete data were available for 95 participants. Compared to baseline, body weight was significantly higher at the 12-month time-point (75.3 ± 15.7 vs. 76.2 ± 16.7, p = 0.03), however there was no difference in waist circumference (p = 0.96) or WHR (p = 0.52). HOMA-IR tended to increase 6 months after diagnosis (2.36 ± 2.17 vs. 2.70 ± 2.83, p = 0.06), largely driven by adverse responses in patients treated with chemotherapy (mean change + 0.53 (chemotherapy) vs - 0.64 (no chemotherapy), p = 0.005). Despite 12-month weight gain, the 6-month increase in HOMA-IR was fully abrogated 12 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSION Breast cancer patients experience small but significant weight gain in the year following diagnosis, and those who receive chemotherapy experience significant short-term metabolic impairments suggestive of insulin resistance. While the acute insulin resistance appears to attenuate over time, the long-term ramifications are unclear and may help explain weight gain in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Makari-Judson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, 376 Birnie Ave, Springfield, MA, 01107, USA. .,University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA.
| | - Richard Viskochil
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah Katz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, 376 Birnie Ave, Springfield, MA, 01107, USA.,University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Ruth Barham
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, 376 Birnie Ave, Springfield, MA, 01107, USA
| | - Wilson C Mertens
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, 376 Birnie Ave, Springfield, MA, 01107, USA.,University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
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WISER Survivor Trial: Combined Effect of Exercise and Weight Loss Interventions on Insulin and Insulin Resistance in Breast Cancer Survivors. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093108. [PMID: 34578984 PMCID: PMC8469124 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated breast cancer recurrence is mechanistically linked with elevated insulin levels and insulin resistance. Exercise and weight loss are associated with decreased breast cancer recurrence, which may be mediated through reduced insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity. This is a secondary analysis of the WISER Survivor clinical trial examining the relative effect of exercise, weight loss and combined exercise and weight loss interventions on insulin and insulin resistance. The weight loss and combined intervention groups showed significant reductions in levels of: insulin, C-peptide, homeostatic model assessment 2 (HOMA2) insulin resistance (IR), and HOMA2 beta-cell function (β) compared to the control group. Independent of intervention group, weight loss of ≥10% was associated with decreased levels of insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA2-IR compared to 0–5% weight loss. Further, the combination of exercise and weight loss was particularly important for breast cancer survivors with clinically abnormal levels of C-peptide.
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Exercise-A Panacea of Metabolic Dysregulation in Cancer: Physiological and Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073469. [PMID: 33801684 PMCID: PMC8037630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a comorbidity of many types of cancers. Disruption of glucose metabolism is of concern, as it is associated with higher cancer recurrence rates and reduced survival. Current evidence suggests many health benefits from exercise during and after cancer treatment, yet only a limited number of studies have addressed the effect of exercise on cancer-associated disruption of metabolism. In this review, we draw on studies in cells, rodents, and humans to describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in cancer and the tissues involved. We discuss how the known effects of acute exercise and exercise training observed in healthy subjects could have a positive outcome on mechanisms in people with cancer, namely: insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cachexia. Finally, we compile the current limited knowledge of how exercise corrects metabolic control in cancer and identify unanswered questions for future research.
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