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Dzialach L, Sobolewska J, Zak Z, Respondek W, Witek P. Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: male-specific differences in pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1338345. [PMID: 38370355 PMCID: PMC10870150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1338345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolactinomas (PRLomas) constitute approximately half of all pituitary adenomas and approximately one-fifth of them are diagnosed in males. The clinical presentation of PRLomas results from direct prolactin (PRL) action, duration and severity of hyperprolactinemia, and tumor mass effect. Male PRLomas, compared to females, tend to be larger and more invasive, are associated with higher PRL concentration at diagnosis, present higher proliferative potential, are more frequently resistant to standard pharmacotherapy, and thus may require multimodal approach, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and alternative medical agents. Therefore, the management of PRLomas in men is challenging in many cases. Additionally, hyperprolactinemia is associated with a significant negative impact on men's health, including sexual function and fertility potential, bone health, cardiovascular and metabolic complications, leading to decreased quality of life. In this review, we highlight the differences in pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of PRLomas concerning the male sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Dzialach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobolewska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Zak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioleta Respondek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Mazovian Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Witek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Rocha-Rodrigues S, Sousa M, Lourenço Reis P, Leão C, Cardoso-Marinho B, Massada M, Afonso J. Bidirectional Interactions between the Menstrual Cycle, Exercise Training, and Macronutrient Intake in Women: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:438. [PMID: 33572821 PMCID: PMC7910908 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Women have a number of specificities that differentiate them from men. In particular, the role of sex steroid hormones and the menstrual cycle (MC) significantly impact women's physiology. The literature has shown nonlinear relationships between MC, exercise, and nutritional intake. Notably, these relationships are bidirectional and less straightforward than one would suppose. For example, the theoretical implications of the MC's phases on exercise performance do not always translate into relevant practical effects. There is often a disconnect between internal measures (e.g., levels of hormone concentrations) and external performance. Furthermore, it is not entirely clear how nutritional intake varies across the MC's phases and whether these variations impact on exercise performance. Therefore, a thorough review of the existing knowledge could help in framing these complex relationships and potentially contribute to the optimization of exercise prescription and nutritional intake according to the naturally occurring phases of the MC. Throughout this review, an emerging trend is the lack of generalizability and the need to individualize interventions, since the consequences of the MC's phases and their relationships with exercise and nutritional intake seem to vary greatly from person to person. In this sense, average data are probably not relevant and could potentially be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Quinta de Prados, Edifício Ciências de Desporto, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, i3S, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sousa
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Lourenço Reis
- Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Luz Saúde, Praceta Henrique Moreira, 150, 4400-346 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
| | - César Leão
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Quinta de Prados, Edifício Ciências de Desporto, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Marta Massada
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto. Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.A.)
- St. Mary’s Hospital of Porto, Rua de Camões, 906, 4049-025 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto. Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.A.)
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3
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Camilletti MA, Abeledo-Machado A, Faraoni EY, Thomas P, Díaz-Torga G. New insights into progesterone actions on prolactin secretion and prolactinoma development. Steroids 2019; 152:108496. [PMID: 31521709 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) has controversial physiological effects on the regulation of the lactotroph population. While some studies have shown a negative role for P4 in prolactin secretion and lactotroph proliferation, antagonizing estradiol effects, others demonstrated a proliferative role of P4 at the pituitary level. Usually, progesterone actions in the pituitary gland were studied through their classical, genomic pathways triggered by nuclear progesterone receptors (nPRs). However, in 2003, the scene became more complex with the discovery of another group of progesterone receptors involved in rapid, non-genomic P4 effects: the membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs), which are members of the progesterone and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family. This review examines the historical background and current data on the study of progesterone actions on PRL secretion providing new evidence of P4 effects at the hypothalamic and at the pituitary level through non-classic P4-receptors. In addition, we explore the role of progesterone in the development of experimental prolactinomas, a controversial topic in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Camilletti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Erika Y Faraoni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Graciela Díaz-Torga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Camilletti MA, Abeledo-Machado A, Perez PA, Faraoni EY, De Fino F, Rulli SB, Ferraris J, Pisera D, Gutierrez S, Thomas P, Díaz-Torga G. mPRs represent a novel target for PRL inhibition in experimental prolactinomas. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:497-510. [PMID: 30856609 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane progesterone receptors are known to mediate rapid nongenomic progesterone effects in different cell types. Recent evidence revealed that mPRα is highly expressed in the rat pituitary, being primarily localized in lactotrophs, acting as an intermediary of P4-inhibitory actions on prolactin secretion. The role of mPRs in prolactinoma development remains unclear. We hypothesize that mPR agonists represent a novel tool for hyperprolactinemia treatment. To this end, pituitary expression of mPRs was studied in three animal models of prolactinoma. Expression of mPRs and nuclear receptor was significantly decreased in tumoral pituitaries compared to normal ones. However, the relative proportion of mPRα and mPRβ was highly increased in prolactinomas. Interestingly, the selective mPR agonist (Org OD 02-0) significantly inhibited PRL release in both normal and tumoral pituitary explants, displaying a more pronounced effect in tumoral tissues. As P4 also regulates PRL secretion indirectly, by acting on dopaminergic neurons, we studied mPR involvement in this effect. We found that the hypothalamus has a high expression of mPRs. Interestingly, both P4 and OrgOD 02-0 increased dopamine release in hypothalamus explants. Moreover, in an in vivo treatment, that allows both, pituitary and hypothalamus actions, the mPR agonist strongly reduced the hyperprolactinemia in transgenic females carrying prolactinoma. Finally, we also found and interesting gender difference: males express higher levels of pituitary mPRα/β, a sex that does not develop prolactinoma in these mice models. Taken together, these findings suggest mPRs activation could represent a novel tool for hyperprolactinemic patients, especially those that present resistance to dopaminergic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo A Perez
- Centro de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Erika Y Faraoni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda De Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana B Rulli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Ferraris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutierrez
- Centro de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, USA
| | - Graciela Díaz-Torga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Pan ZY, Zhao YH, Huang WH, Xiao ZZ, Li ZQ. Effect of progesterone administration on the prognosis of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:265-273. [PMID: 30666088 PMCID: PMC6333322 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s192633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effect of progesterone administration on severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) for different follow-up periods and administration route by completing a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and the Web of Science (from establishment of each to September 1, 2018) was performed to identify original RCTs that evaluated the associations between progesterone treatment and the prognosis of patients with severe TBI. RESULTS Eight RCTs enrolling 2,251 patients with severe TBI were included. Within 3 months post-injury, patients with progesterone administration had a lower mortality (risk ratio [RR] =0.59; 95% CI [0.42-0.81], P=0.001) and better neurologic outcomes (RR =1.51; 95% CI [1.12-2.02], P=0.007) than those who received placebo. However, these differences did not persist at 6 months post-injury for mortality (RR =0.96; 95% CI [0.65-1.41], P=0.83) or neurologic outcomes (RR =1.09; 95% CI [0.93-1.27], P=0.31). The analysis stratified by administration route showed that beneficial effects were only observed in patients who received progesterone intramuscularly (RR =1.61, 95% CI [1.19-2.18], P=0.002); no benefit was observed with intravenous administration (RR =0.99, 95% CI [0.91-1.07], P=0.75). CONCLUSION Progesterone administration improved the clinical outcomes of severe TBI patients within 3 months but may not have significant long-term benefits 6 months post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China,
| | - Yu-Hang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China,
| | - Wen-Hong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China,
| | - Zhi-Ze Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China,
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China,
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de la Vega MDC, Delsouc MB, Ponce I, Ragusa V, Vallcaneras S, Anzulovich AC, Casais M. Circadian rhythms of factors involved in luteal regression are modified in p55 tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFRp55)-deficient mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:1651-1665. [PMID: 29903342 DOI: 10.1071/rd18058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhythm of factors involved in luteal regression is crucial in determining the physiological duration of the oestrous cycle. Given the role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in luteal function and circadian regulation and that most of the effects of TNF-α are mediated by p55 TNF receptor (TNFRp55), the aims of the present study were to analyse the following during the luteal regression phase in the ovary of mice: (1) whether the pattern of expression of progesterone (P4) and the enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of P4 is circadian and endogenous (the rhythm persists in constant conditions, (i.e., constant darkness) with a period of about 24 hours); (2) circadian oscillations in clock gene expression; (3) whether there are daily variations in the expression of key genes involved in apoptosis and antioxidant mechanisms; and (4) the consequences of TNFRp55 deficiency. P4 was found to oscillate circadianally following endogenous rhythms of clock factors. Of note, TNFRp55 deficiency modified the circadian oscillation in P4 concentrations and its enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of P4, probably as a consequence of changes in the circadian oscillations of brain and muscle ARNT-Like protein 1 (Bmal1) and Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1). Furthermore, TNFRp55 deficiency modified the circadian rhythms of apoptosis genes, as well as antioxidant enzymes and peroxidation levels in the ovary in dioestrus. The findings of the present study strengthen the hypothesis that dysregulation of TNF-α signalling may be a potential cause for altered circadian and menstrual cycling in some gynaecological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Del C de la Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas, San Luis, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - María B Delsouc
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas, San Luis, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ivana Ponce
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas, San Luis, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Vicente Ragusa
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas, San Luis, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Sandra Vallcaneras
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas, San Luis, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ana C Anzulovich
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas, San Luis, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marilina Casais
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas, San Luis, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
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7
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Camilletti MA, Ferraris J, Abeledo-Machado A, Converse A, Faraoni EY, Pisera D, Gutierrez S, Thomas P, Díaz-Torga G. Participation of membrane progesterone receptor α in the inhibitory effect of progesterone on prolactin secretion. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12614. [PMID: 29869822 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The membrane progesterone receptors (mPRα, mPRβ, mPRγ, mPRδ and mPRε) are known to mediate rapid nongenomic progesterone functions in different cell types. However, the functions of these receptors in the pituitary have not been reported to date. In the present study, we show that the expression of mPRα was the highest among the mPRs in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Immunostaining of mPRα was detected in somatotrophs, gonadotrophs and lactotrophs. Interestingly, 63% of mPRα-positive cells within the pituitary were lactotrophs, suggesting that mPRα is involved in controlling prolactin (PRL) secretion in the pituitary. To test this hypothesis, rat pituitaries were incubated (1 hour) with either progesterone (P4) or the mPRα-specific agonist Org OD 02-0. PRL secretion was then measured by radioimmunoassay. The results of this experiment revealed that both P4 and Org OD 02-0 decreased PRL secretion. Moreover, the results from the GH3 cell line (CCL-82.1) showed that P4 and Org OD 02-0 inhibited PRL release, although the nuclear PR agonist R5020 was ineffective. Our investigation of the cellular mechanisms behind mPRα activity indicated that both P4 and Org OD 02-0 decreased cAMP accumulation, whereas R5020 was ineffective. In addition, the Org OD 02-0-effect on PRL release was blocked by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of Go/Gi proteins. Because transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 is a potent inhibitor of PRL secretion in lactotrophs, we lastly evaluated whether TGFβ1 was activated by progesterone and whether this effect was mediated by mPRα. Our results showed that P4 and Org OD 02-0, but not R5020, increased active TGFβ1 levels. This effect was not observed when cells were transfected with mPRα-small interfering RNA. Taken together, these data provide new evidence suggesting that mPRα mediates the progesterone inhibitory effect on PRL secretion through both decreases in cAMP levels and activation of TGFβ1 in the lactotroph population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Camilletti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Ferraris
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Abeledo-Machado
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Converse
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - E Y Faraoni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Pisera
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Gutierrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Centro de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - G Díaz-Torga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Yu P, Li S, Zhang Z, Wen X, Quan W, Tian Q, Gao C, Su W, Zhang J, Jiang R. Progesterone-mediated angiogenic activity of endothelial progenitor cell and angiogenesis in traumatic brain injury rats were antagonized by progesterone receptor antagonist. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28752929 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Progesterone (P4) has the potential therapeutic effects for traumatic brain injury (TBI) whose recovery depended on the enhanced angiogenesis. Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) plays an essential role in vascular biology. We previously demonstrated that P4 administration improved circulating EPC level and neurological recovery of rat with TBI. Here, we hypothesized that P4 augmented angiogenic potential of EPC and the angiogenesis-related neurorestoration after TBI through classical progesterone receptor (PR). MATERIALS AND METHODS EPC derived from rats were stimulated with graded concentrations (0, 10-10 , 10-9 , 5 × 10-9 , 10-8 , 10-7 mol/L) of P4 or 10-6 mol/L ulipristal acetate (UPA, a PR antagonist). Male rats were subjected to cortical impact injury and treated with (i) DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), (ii) P4 and (iii) P4 and UPA. RESULTS It showed that P4 improved the angiogenic potential of EPC, including tube formation, adhesion, migration and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, in a dose-dependent fashion with the maximal effect achieved at 10-9 mol/L P4. High concentration (10-7 mol/L) of P4 impaired the angiogenic potential of EPC. Notably, 10-6 mol/L UPA antagonized the stimulatory effects of 10-9 mol/L P4. After administrating P4, a significant improvement of neurological function and the restoration of the leaked blood-brain barrier were observed as well as a reduction of the brain water content. Both vessel density and expression of occludin of vessels were increased. When UPA was administered with P4, the neural restoration and angiogenesis were all reversed. Western blot showed that 10-9 mol/L P4 increased the content of PRA and PRB of EPC, while 10-7 mol/L P4 reduced the content of both PR isoforms, but there was no change found in the TBI rats. CONCLUSIONS It may suggest that P4-mediated angiogenic activity of EPC and angiogenesis in TBI rats were antagonized by PR antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolong Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilong Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanqiang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
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Gottardo MF, Moreno Ayala M, Ferraris J, Zárate S, Pisera D, Candolfi M, Jaita G, Seilicovich A. Humanin inhibits apoptosis in pituitary tumor cells through several signaling pathways including NF-κB activation. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:329-340. [PMID: 28378125 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) and Rattin (HNr), its homologous in the rat, are peptides with cytoprotective action in several cell types such as neurons, lymphocytes and testicular germ cells. Previously, we have shown that HNr is expressed in pituitary cells and that HN inhibited the apoptotic effect of TNF-α in both normal and tumor pituitary cells. The aim of the present study was to identify signaling pathways that mediate the antiapoptotic effect of HN in anterior pituitary cells from ovariectomized rats and in GH3 cells, a somatolactotrope cell line. We assessed the role of STAT3, JNK, Akt and MAPKs as well as proteins of the Bcl-2 family, previously implicated in the antiapoptotic effect of HN. We also evaluated the participation of NF-κB in the antiapoptotic action of HN. STAT3 inhibition reversed the inhibitory effect of HN on TNF-α-induced apoptosis in normal and pituitary tumor cells, indicating that STAT3 signaling pathway mediates the antiapoptotic effect of HN on pituitary cells. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway did not affect action of HN on normal anterior pituitary cells but blocked the cytoprotective effect of HN on TNF-α-induced apoptosis of GH3 cells, suggesting that the NF-κB pathway is involved in HN action in tumor pituitary cells. HN also induced NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation in these cells. In pituitary tumor cells, JNK and MEK inhibitors also impaired HN cytoprotective action. In addition, HN increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax mitochondrial translocation. Since HN expression in GH3 cells is higher than in normal pituitary cells, we may suggest that through multiple pathways HN could be involved in pituitary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Gottardo
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Moreno Ayala
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Ferraris
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Zárate
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Pisera
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Jaita
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Benoit AM, McCoy GL, Blake CA. Localization of Fertility Factor SP22 to Specific Cell Types Within the Anterior Pituitary Gland. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 230:721-30. [PMID: 16246899 DOI: 10.1177/153537020523001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm protein 22 (SP22) was recently identified in the anterior pituitary gland (AP) of male Golden Syrian hamsters using ion trap mass spectrometry. SP22 has been implicated in apoptosis, androgen receptor function, fertility, and ontogeny of early-onset Parkinson's disease. However, the role of SP22 in the pituitary has not been investigated. We cloned the cDNA for full-length SP22 from AP and posterior lobe (posterior pituitary and intermediate lobe) of the pituitary gland in adult male rats and Golden Syrian hamsters, confirming the presence of SP22 mRNA in the AP and posterior lobe. Because gonadal steroids are important regulators of AP function, and SP22 is associated with androgen receptor function, we used Western blots to compare SP22 in the AP of intact and orchidectomized male rats given placebo or a low or high dose of testosterone. SP22 did not differ with treatment, indicating that AP SP22 concentration was not regulated by testosterone. To localize SP22 to specific cells of the AP, mirror-image paraffin sections were labeled against SP22 and either luteinizing hormone (LH)β, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)β, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or growth hormone (GH) using peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody. Additional sections were colabeled with SP22 and one of the AP hormones using fluorescent secondary antibodies. SP22 colocalized in somatotropes and thyrotropes in rat and hamster. We identified SP22 in a small percentage of corticotropes, gonadotropes, and lactotropes. This is the first report that SP22 mRNA is present specifically in the AP, and SP22 is localized primarily in somatotropes and thyrotropes. SP22 may help regulate AP function and be particularly important for the control of GH and TSH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Benoit
- Department of CDBA, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208.
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12
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Eijo G, Gottardo MF, Jaita G, Magri ML, Moreno Ayala M, Zárate S, Candolfi M, Pisera D, Seilicovich A. Lack of Oestrogenic Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in Somatolactotroph Tumour Cells. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:692-701. [PMID: 26052658 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. We have previously shown that oestrogens sensitise normal anterior pituitary cells to the apoptotic effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation. In the present study, we examined whether oestrogens also modulate the NF-κB signalling pathway and apoptosis in GH3 cells, a rat somatolactotroph tumour cell line. As determined by Western blotting, 17β-oestradiol (E2 ) (10(-9) m) increased the nuclear concentration of NF-κB/p105, p65 and p50 in GH3 cells. However, E2 did not modify the expression of Bcl-xL, a NF-κB target gene. TNF-α induced apoptosis of GH3 cells incubated in either the presence or absence of E2 . Inhibition of the NF-kB pathway using BAY 11-7082 (BAY) (5 μm) decreased the viability of GH3 cells and increased the percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL)-positive GH3 cells. BAY also increased TNF-α-induced apoptosis of GH3 cells, an effect that was further increased by an inhibitor of the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway, SP600125 (10 μm). We also analysed the role of the NF-κB signalling pathway on proliferation and apoptosis of GH3 tumours in vivo. The administration of BAY to nude mice bearing GH3 tumours increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and decreased the number of proliferating GH3 cells. These findings suggest that GH3 cells lose their oestrogenic inhibitory action on the NF-κB pathway and that the pro-apoptotic effect of TNF-α on these tumour pituitary cells does not require sensitisation by oestrogens as occurs in normal pituitary cells. NF-κB was required for the survival of GH3 cells, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of the NF-κB pathway could interfere with pituitary tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eijo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Gottardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Magri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Moreno Ayala
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Zárate
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Abstract
Background: Despite positive preclinical studies and two positive Phase II clinical trials, two large Phase III clinical trials of progesterone treatment of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) recently ended with negative results, so a 100% failure rate continues to plague the field of TBI trials. Methods: This paper reviews and analyses the trial structures and outcomes and discusses the implications of these failures for future drug and clinical trial development. Persistently negative trial outcomes have led to disinvestment in new drug research by companies and policy-makers and disappointment for patients and their families, failures which represent a major public health concern. The problem is not limited to TBI. Failure rates are high for trials in stroke, sepsis, cardiology, cancer and orthopaedics, among others. Results: This paper discusses some of the reasons why the Phase III trials have failed. These reasons may include faulty extrapolation from pre-clinical data in designing clinical trials and the use of subjective outcome measures that accurately reflect neither the nature of the deficits nor long-term quantitative recovery. Conclusions: Better definitions of injury and healing and better outcome measures are essential to change the embrace of failure that has dominated the field for over 30 years. This review offers suggestions to improve the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Stein
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
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14
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Gottardo MF, Jaita G, Magri ML, Zárate S, Moreno Ayala M, Ferraris J, Eijo G, Pisera D, Candolfi M, Seilicovich A. Antiapoptotic factor humanin is expressed in normal and tumoral pituitary cells and protects them from TNF-α-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111548. [PMID: 25360890 PMCID: PMC4216097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid peptide with cytoprotective action in several cell types such as neurons and testicular germ cells. Rattin (HNr), a homologous peptide of HN expressed in several adult rat tissues, also has antiapoptotic action. In the present work, we demonstrated by immunocytochemical analysis and flow cytometry the expression of HNr in the anterior pituitary of female and male adult rats as well as in pituitary tumor GH3 cells. HNr was localized in lactotropes and somatotropes. The expression of HNr was lower in females than in males, and was inhibited by estrogens in pituitary cells from both ovariectomized female and orquidectomized male rats. However, the expression of HNr in pituitary tumor cells was not regulated by estrogens. We also evaluated HN action on the proapoptotic effect of TNF-α in anterior pituitary cells assessed by the TUNEL method. HN (5 µM) per se did not modify basal apoptosis of anterior pituitary cells but completely blocked the proapoptotic effect of TNF-α in total anterior pituitary cells, lactotropes and somatotropes from both female and male rats. Also, HN inhibited the apoptotic effect of TNF-α on pituitary tumor cells. In summary, our results demonstrate that HNr is present in the anterior pituitary gland, its expression showing sexual dimorphism, which suggests that gonadal steroids may be involved in the regulation of HNr expression in this gland. Antiapoptotic action of HN in anterior pituitary cells suggests that this peptide could be involved in the homeostasis of this gland. HNr is present and functional in GH3 cells, but it lacks regulation by estrogens, suggesting that HN could participate in the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Gottardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Magri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Zárate
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Moreno Ayala
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Ferraris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Eijo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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15
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Dynamics of Progesterone, TNF- α , and a Metabolite of PGF2 α in Blood Plasma of Beef Cows following Embryo Transfer. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:650272. [PMID: 25349773 PMCID: PMC4202664 DOI: 10.1155/2014/650272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactating beef cows previously synchronized for estrus (d 0) were assigned to four treatments to assess their effectiveness in increasing blood progesterone (P4) and its effects on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) after the transfer of embryos. At the time of transfer (d 7), cows received no treatment (control; n = 16), a controlled internal drug releasing device (CIDR; n = 16), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; n = 15), or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH; n = 15). Blood samples were taken on d 7, 14, and 21 for analysis of P4 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Blood was collected (every 15 min for 2 h) in half the animals in each treatment group on d 14 and the remaining half on d 21 for analysis of prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM). Retention rates were 56.2, 62.5, 46.7, and 13.3% for cows in the control, CIDR, hCG, and GnRH groups, respectively. Progesterone was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in cows receiving hCG compared to others on d 14. Progesterone in all treatment groups increased from d 7 to d 14 and declined (P ≤ 0.05) from d 14 to d 21. Contrary to pregnant cows, P4 and TNF-α declined from d 7 to d 21 in nonpregnant cows (P ≤ 0.05). Although PGFM increased by d 21, there was no difference between pregnant and nonpregnant cows.
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16
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Ferraris J, Zárate S, Jaita G, Boutillon F, Bernadet M, Auffret J, Seilicovich A, Binart N, Goffin V, Pisera D. Prolactin induces apoptosis of lactotropes in female rodents. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97383. [PMID: 24859278 PMCID: PMC4032245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior pituitary cell turnover occurring during female sexual cycle is a poorly understood process that involves complex regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis by multiple hormones. In rats, the prolactin (PRL) surge that occurs at proestrus coincides with the highest apoptotic rate. Since anterior pituitary cells express the prolactin receptor (PRLR), we aimed to address the actual role of PRL in the regulation of pituitary cell turnover in cycling females. We showed that acute hyperprolactinemia induced in ovariectomized rats using PRL injection or dopamine antagonist treatment rapidly increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation specifically of PRL producing cells (lactotropes), suggesting a direct regulation of these cell responses by PRL. To demonstrate that apoptosis naturally occurring at proestrus was regulated by transient elevation of endogenous PRL levels, we used PRLR-deficient female mice (PRLRKO) in which PRL signaling is totally abolished. According to our hypothesis, no increase in lactotrope apoptotic rate was observed at proestrus, which likely contributes to pituitary tumorigenesis observed in these animals. To decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying PRL effects, we explored the isoform-specific pattern of PRLR expression in cycling wild type females. This analysis revealed dramatic changes of long versus short PRLR ratio during the estrous cycle, which is particularly relevant since these isoforms exhibit distinct signaling properties. This pattern was markedly altered in a model of chronic PRLR signaling blockade involving transgenic mice expressing a pure PRLR antagonist (TGΔ1-9-G129R-hPRL), providing evidence that PRL regulates the expression of its own receptor in an isoform-specific manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that i) the PRL surge occurring during proestrus is a major proapoptotic signal for lactotropes, and ii) partial or total deficiencies in PRLR signaling in the anterior pituitary may result in pituitary hyperplasia and eventual prolactinoma development, as observed in TGΔ1-9-G129R-hPRL and PRLRKO mice, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Ferraris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, Paraguay, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Zárate
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, Paraguay, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, Paraguay, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Boutillon
- INSERM, Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team “PRL/GH Pathophysiology”, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment LERICHE, 14 Rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS61431, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Marie Bernadet
- INSERM, Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team “PRL/GH Pathophysiology”, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment LERICHE, 14 Rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS61431, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Julien Auffret
- INSERM U693 and Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276 France
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, Paraguay, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadine Binart
- INSERM U693 and Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94276 France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- INSERM, Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Team “PRL/GH Pathophysiology”, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment LERICHE, 14 Rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva, CS61431, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Daniel Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, Paraguay, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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17
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Nunes VA, Portioli-Sanches EP, Rosim MP, Araujo MS, Praxedes-Garcia P, Valle MMR, Roma LP, Hahn C, Gurgul-Convey E, Lenzen S, Azevedo-Martins AK. Progesterone induces apoptosis of insulin-secreting cells: insights into the molecular mechanism. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:273-84. [PMID: 24594616 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone has been associated with the development of gestational diabetes (GD) due to the enhancement of insulin resistance. As β-cell apoptosis participates in type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathophysiology, we proposed the hypothesis that progesterone might contribute to the development of GD through a mechanism that also involves β-cell death. To address this question, RINm5F insulin-producing cells were incubated with progesterone (25-100 μM), in the presence or absence of α-tocopherol (40 μM). After 24 or 48 h, membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation were analyzed by flow cytometry. Caspase activity was used to identify the mode of cell death. The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the action of progesterone was investigated by western blotting. Oxidative stress was measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) oxidation. Isolated rat islets were used in similar experiments in order to confirm the effect of progesterone in primary β-cells. Incubation of RINm5F cells with progesterone increased the number of cells with loss of membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation. Progesterone induced generation of reactive species. Pre-incubation with α-tocopherol attenuated progesterone-induced apoptosis. Western blot analyses revealed increased expression of CREB2 and CHOP in progesterone-treated cells. Progesterone caused apoptotic death of rat islet cells and enhanced generation of reactive species. Our results show that progesterone can be toxic to pancreatic β-cells through an oxidative-stress-dependent mechanism that induces apoptosis. This effect may contribute to the development of GD during pregnancy, particularly under conditions that require administration of pharmacological doses of this hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Nunes
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Department of Biochemistry of Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Mason M, Cuadra EJ, Elsasser TH, Lopez J, Yoonsung J. Evaluating the interaction between progesterone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cortisol on early loss of transferred embryo in beef cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mason, M., Cuadra, E. J., Elsasser, T. H., Lopez, J. and Yoonsung, J. 2013. Evaluating the interaction between progesterone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cortisol on early loss of transferred embryo in beef cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 217–225. Fifty-eight non-lactating cows previously synchronized for estrus were assigned to two treatments to assess the effects of progesterone supplementation and its correlation with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cortisol on the survival of the transferred embryos. On day 7 after exhibiting estrus (day 0), cows in both groups received embryos. In contrast with the control group, animals in the CIDR-group had a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) additionally inserted. Blood samples for progesterone, TNF-α and cortisol analysis were taken immediately before insertion and removal of CIDRs and 7 d after insertion. Progesterone did not differ between the control and the CIDR animals at any day of the study; however, it significantly increased at 7 and 14 d after insertion of the embryos in the control animals, compared with the levels observed in that same experimental group at the time of the transfer. Regardless of the treatment, all pregnant cows experienced a significant increase in progesterone from day 0 to day 7. Progesterone on day 0 was correlated to itself (r=0.46) on day 14 and to TNF-α (r=−0.37) on day 0 in pregnant animals; TNF-α on day 7 was significantly higher in pregnant cows compared with non-pregnant and correlated between day 0 and day 14. These results suggest that high levels of progesterone during the first 14 d after the transfer are indicative of the survival of transferred embryos. Additionally, these data also indicate that the decrease in TNF-α concentration on day 7 after the transfer of embryos may be associated with the low concentrations of progesterone observed in the non-pregnant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mason
- Alcorn State University Department of Agriculture, 1000 ASU Dr. #750, Lorman, MS USA 39096
| | - E. J. Cuadra
- Alcorn State University Department of Agriculture, 1000 ASU Dr. #750, Lorman, MS USA 39096
| | - T. H. Elsasser
- USDA ARS, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Center, Beltsville. MD USA 20705
| | - J. Lopez
- Universidad Nacional Agraria, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - J. Yoonsung
- Prairie View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 519, MS 2008, AGRL #112, Prairie View, TX 77446
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Zárate S, Jaita G, Ferraris J, Eijo G, Magri ML, Pisera D, Seilicovich A. Estrogens induce expression of membrane-associated estrogen receptor α isoforms in lactotropes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41299. [PMID: 22844453 PMCID: PMC3402499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are key to anterior pituitary function, stimulating hormone release and controlling cell fate to achieve pituitary dynamic adaptation to changing physiological conditions. In addition to their classical mechanism of action through intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs), estrogens exert rapid actions via cell membrane-localized ERs (mERs). We previously showed that E2 exerts a rapid pro-apoptotic action in anterior pituitary cells, especially in lactotropes and somatotropes, through activation of mERs. In the present study, we examined the involvement of mERα in the rapid pro-apoptotic action of estradiol by TUNEL in primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells from ovariectomized rats using a cell-impermeable E2 conjugate (E2-BSA) and an ERα selective antagonist (MPP dihydrochloride). We studied mERα expression during the estrous cycle and its regulation by gonadal steroids in vivo by flow cytometry. We identified ERα variants in the plasma membrane of anterior pituitary cells during the estrous cycle and studied E2 regulation of these mERα variants in vitro by surface biotinylation and Western Blot. E2-BSA-induced apoptosis was abrogated by MPP in total anterior pituitary cells and lactotropes. In cycling rats, we detected a higher number of lactotropes and a lower number of somatotropes expressing mERα at proestrus than at diestrus. Acute E2 treatment increased the percentage of mERα-expressing lactotropes whereas it decreased the percentage of mERα-expressing somatotropes. We detected three mERα isoforms of 66, 39 and 22 kDa. Expression of mERα66 and mERα39 was higher at proestrus than at diestrus, and short-term E2 incubation increased expression of these two mERα variants. Our results indicate that the rapid apoptotic action exerted by E2 in lactotropes depends on mERα, probably full-length ERα and/or a 39 kDa ERα variant. Expression and activation of mERα variants in lactotropes could be one of the mechanisms through which E2 participates in anterior pituitary cell renewal during the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zárate
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Ferraris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Eijo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L. Magri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Eijo G, Zárate S, Jaita G, Ferraris J, Magri ML, Zaldivar V, Radl D, Boti V, Pisera D, Seilicovich A. Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B sensitises anterior pituitary cells to tumour necrosis factor-α- and lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:651-9. [PMID: 21564349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), an important pro-inflammatory factor, is a crucial regulator of cell survival. Both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α activate NF-κB signalling. Oestrogens were shown to suppress NF-κB activation. Oestrogens exert a sensitising action to pro-apoptotic stimuli such as LPS and TNF-α in anterior pituitary cells. In the present study, we show by western blotting that 17β-oestradiol (E(2)) decreases TNF-α-induced NF-κB/p65 and p50 nuclear translocation in primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells from ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Also, the in vivo administration of E(2) decreases LPS-induced NF-κB/p65 and p50 nuclear translocation. To investigate whether the inhibition of NF-κB pathway sensitises anterior pituitary cells to pro-apoptotic stimuli, we used an inhibitor of NF-κB activity, BAY 11-7082 (BAY). BAY, at a concentration that fails to induce apoptosis, has permissive action on TNF-α-induced apoptosis of lactotrophs and somatotrophs from OVX rats, as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB signalling enhances E(2)-sensitising effect to TNF-α-induced apoptosis in lactotrophs but not in somatotrophs. In vivo administration of BAY allowed LPS-induced apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells from OVX rats (determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting). Furthermore, LPS-induced expression of Bcl-xL in pituitaries of OVX rats is decreased by E(2) administration. Our results show that inhibition of the NF-κB signalling pathway sensitises anterior pituitary cells to the pro-apoptotic action of LPS and TNF-α. Because E(2) inhibits LPS- and TNF-α-activated NF-κB nuclear translocation, the present study suggests that E(2) sensitises anterior pituitary cells to TNF-α- and LPS-induced apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eijo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Jaita G, Zárate S, Ferrari L, Radl D, Ferraris J, Eijo G, Zaldivar V, Pisera D, Seilicovich A. Gonadal steroids modulate Fas-induced apoptosis of lactotropes and somatotropes. Endocrine 2011; 39:21-7. [PMID: 21069582 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that Fas activation induces apoptosis of anterior pituitary cells from rats at proestrus but not at diestrus and in an estrogen-dependent manner. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Fas activation on apoptosis of lactotropes and somatotropes during the estrous cycle and explored the action of gonadal steroids on Fas-induced apoptosis. Also, we studied whether changes in Fas expression are involved in the apoptotic response of anterior pituitary cells. Fas activation increased the percentage of TUNEL-positive lactotropes and somatotropes at proestrus but not at diestrus. FasL triggered apoptosis of somatotropes only when cells from ovariectomized rats were cultured in the presence of 17 β-estradiol (E2). Progesterone (P4) blocked the apoptotic action of the Fas/FasL system in lactotropes and somatotropes incubated with E2. Both E2 and P4 increased the percentage of cells expressing Fas at the cell membrane. Our results show that Fas activation induces apoptosis of lactotropes and somatotropes at proestrus but not at diestrus. Gonadal steroids may be involved in the apoptotic response of lactotropes and somatotropes, suggesting that Fas activation is implicated in the renewal of these pituitary subpopulations during the estrous cycle. The effect of gonadal steroids on Fas expression may be only partially involved in regulation of the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway in the anterior pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Jaita
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Zaldivar V, Magri ML, Zárate S, Jaita G, Eijo G, Radl D, Ferraris J, Pisera D, Seilicovich A. Estradiol increases the expression of TNF-α and TNF receptor 1 in lactotropes. Neuroendocrinology 2011; 93:106-13. [PMID: 21252492 DOI: 10.1159/000323760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens are recognized modulators of pituitary cell renewal, sensitizing cells to mitogenic and apoptotic signals. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in tissue homeostasis modulating cell proliferation, differentiation and death. We previously demonstrated that TNF-α-induced apoptosis of anterior pituitary cells from female rats is estrogen-dependent and predominant in cells from rats at proestrus when estradiol levels are the highest. AIMS Considering that one of the mechanisms involved in the apoptotic action of estrogens can result from increased expression of cytokines and/or their receptors, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estrogens on the expression of TNF-α and its receptor, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), in anterior pituitary cells. METHODS/RESULTS TNFR1 expression, determined by Western blot, was higher in anterior pituitary glands from rats at proestrus than at diestrus. Incubation of anterior pituitary cells from ovariectomized rats with 17β-estradiol enhanced TNFR1 protein expression. As determined by double immunocytochemistry, the expression of TNF-α and TNFR1 was detected in prolactin-, GH-, LH- and ACTH-bearing cells. 17β-estradiol increased the percentage of TNF-α and TNFR1-immunoreactive lactotropes but did not modify the number of GH-bearing cells expressing TNF-α or TNFR1. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that estradiol increases the expression of TNF-α and TNFR1 in anterior pituitary cells, especially in lactotropes. The sensitizing action of estrogens to proapoptotic stimuli at proestrus in the anterior pituitary gland may involve changes in the expression of the TNF-α/TNFR1 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Zaldivar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Morrissy S, Xu B, Aguilar D, Zhang J, Chen QM. Inhibition of apoptosis by progesterone in cardiomyocytes. Aging Cell 2010; 9:799-809. [PMID: 20726854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While gender-based differences in heart disease have raised the possibility that estrogen (ES) or progesterone (PG) may have cardioprotective effects, recent controversy regarding hormone replacement therapy has questioned the cardiac effects of these steroids. Using cardiomyocytes, we tested whether ES or PG has protective effects at the cellular level. We found that PG but not ES protects cardiomyocytes from apoptotic cell death induced by doxorubicin (Dox). PG inhibited apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, by 12 ± 4.0% at 1 μm and 60 ± 1.0% at 10 μm. The anti-apoptotic effect of PG was also time dependent, causing 18 ± 5% or 62 + 2% decrease in caspase-3 activity within 1 h or 72 h of pretreatment. While PG causes nuclear translocation of its receptor within 20 min, the cytoprotective effect of PG was canceled by mifepristone (MF), a PG receptor antagonist. Analyses using Affymetrix high-density oligonucleotide array and RT-PCR found that PG induced Bcl-xL, metallothionine, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione peroxidase-3, and four isoforms of glutathione S-transferase. Western blot analyses revealed that PG indeed induced an elevation of Bcl-xL protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Nuclear run-on assay indicated that PG induced Bcl-xL gene transcription. Inhibiting the expression of Bcl-xL using siRNA reduced the cytoprotective effect of PG. Our data suggests that PG induces a cytoprotective effect in cardiomyocytes in association with induction of Bcl-xL gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Morrissy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85724, USA
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24
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Lasa M, Gil-Araujo B, Palafox M, Aranda A. Thyroid hormone antagonizes tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling in pituitary cells through the induction of dual specificity phosphatase 1. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 24:412-22. [PMID: 20032197 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary function has been shown to be regulated by an increasing number of factors, including cytokines and hormones, such as TNFalpha and T(3). Both the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha and T(3) have been suggested to be involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the anterior pituitary gland. In this report we show that T(3) negatively interferes with MAPK p38 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation by TNFalpha in GH4C1 cells. Our data demonstrate that MAPK p38 is specifically activated upon exposure to TNFalpha and that T(3) abolishes this activation in a time-dependent manner by a mechanism that involves the induction of the MAPK phosphatase, DUSP1. Our data show that the pool of up-regulated DUSP1 by T(3) is mainly localized to the cytosol, and that TNFalpha does not affect this localization. On the other hand, we show that T(3) impairs the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway induced by TNFalpha, producing a significant decrease in NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, translocation of p65/NF-kappaB to the nucleus, and p65/NF-kappaB transactivation potential. Interestingly, the overexpression of DUSP1 inhibits the NF-kappaB activation achieved by either TNFalpha or ectopic expression of the upstream inducer of MAPK p38. Conversely, DUSP1 depletion abrogates the inhibitory effect of T(3) on the induction of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription by TNFalpha. Overall, our results indicate that T(3) antagonizes TNFalpha signaling in rat pituitary tumor cells through the induction of DUSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Zárate S, Jaita G, Zaldivar V, Radl DB, Eijo G, Ferraris J, Pisera D, Seilicovich A. Estrogens exert a rapid apoptotic action in anterior pituitary cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E664-71. [PMID: 19158323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90785.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is now accepted that estrogens not only stimulate lactotrope proliferation but also sensitize anterior pituitary cells to proapoptotic stimuli. In addition to their classical mechanism of action through binding to intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs), there is increasing evidence that estrogens exert rapid actions mediated by cell membrane-localized ERs (mERs). In the present study, we examined the involvement of membrane-initiated steroid signaling in the proapoptotic action of estradiol in primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells from ovariectomized rats by using estren, a synthetic estrogen with no effect on classical transcription and a cell-impermeable 17beta-estradiol conjugate (E2-BSA). Both compounds induced cell death of anterior pituitary cells after 60 min of incubation as assessed by flow cytometry and the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)]-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay. Estren, E2, and E2-BSA induced apoptosis of lactotropes and somatotropes as evaluated by the deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay and immunodetection of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH). The proapoptotic effect of E2-BSA was abrogated by ICI-182,780, an antagonist of ERs. The expression of membrane-associated ERalpha was observed in PRL- and GH-bearing cells. Our results indicate that estradiol is able to exert a rapid apoptotic action in anterior pituitary cells, especially lactotropes and somatotropes, by a mechanism triggered by mERs. This mechanism could be involved in anterior pituitary cell turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zárate
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Soric S, Belanger MP, Askin N, Wittnich C. Impact of female sex hormones on liver tissue lactic acidosis during ischemia. Transplantation 2007; 84:763-70. [PMID: 17893610 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000280542.61123.ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower liver transplant success is observed when the donor is female. Intracellular acidosis during ischemia is proposed to contribute to the injury sustained by the transplanted organ and its role in livers obtained from nonheartbeating donors is unclear. Research has shown that livers of female rats develop a greater degree of intracellular acidosis during ischemia than males. This work explores the role of sex hormones in mediating this sex difference. METHODS Subgroups of neutered female rats were given 17 beta-estradiol (E), progesterone (P), or combination (E+P). To compare the effects of female sex hormones in males, subgroups of intact and castrated males received 17 beta-estradiol. In vivo and ischemic liver biopsies were taken and analyzed for lactate and H. RESULTS Although there was no effect of hormone therapy on baseline metabolic parameters, during ischemia compared to neutered females, livers from E females significantly (P<0.01) increased lactate by 56% and H+ by 71%, while E+P significantly increased only lactate (39%; P<0.05). Livers from neutered males given 17 beta-estradiol showed significantly greater (P<0.001) accumulation of lactate (80%) and H+ (79%). This was even shown in intact males, where despite a blunted response, 17 beta-estradiol, significantly (P<0.05) increased lactate by 39% and H+ by 25%. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the mechanisms for the sex difference in the liver's metabolic response to ischemia are estrogen mediated, which is seen even in the presence of male hormones, thus offering one explanation for the lower liver transplant success when the donor is female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Soric
- Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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27
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Candolfi M, Kroeger KM, Pluhar GE, Bergeron J, Puntel M, Curtin JF, McNiel EA, Freese AB, Ohlfest JR, Moore P, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer into the canine brain in vivo. Neurosurgery 2007; 60:167-77; discussion 178. [PMID: 17228266 PMCID: PMC2095776 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000249210.89096.6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating brain tumor for which there is no cure. Adenoviral-mediated transfer of conditional cytotoxic (herpes simplex virus [HSV] 1-derived thymidine kinase [TK]) and immunostimulatory (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand [Flt3L]) transgenes elicited immune-mediated long-term survival in a syngeneic intracranial GBM model in rodents. However, the lack of a large GBM animal model makes it difficult to predict the outcome of therapies in humans. Dogs develop spontaneous GBM that closely resemble the human disease; therefore, they constitute an excellent large animal model. We assayed the transduction efficiency of adenoviral vectors (Ads) encoding beta-galactosidase (betaGal), TK, and Flt3L in J3T dog GBM cells in vitro and in the dog brain in vivo. METHODS J3T cells were infected with Ads (30 plaque-forming units/cell; 72 h) encoding betaGal (Ad-betaGal), TK (Ad-TK), or Flt3L (Ad-Flt3L). We determined transgene expression by immunocytochemistry, betaGal activity, Flt3L enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and TK-induced cell death. Ads were also injected intracranially into the parietal cortex of healthy dogs. We determined cell-type specific transgene expression and immune cell infiltration. RESULTS Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of HSV1-TK, Flt3L, and betaGal was detected in dog glioma cells in vitro (45% transduction efficiency) and in the dog brain in vivo (10-mm area transduced surrounding each injection site). T cells and macrophages/activated microglia infiltrated the injection sites. Importantly, no adverse clinical or neuropathological side effects were observed. CONCLUSION We demonstrate effective adenoviral-mediated gene transfer into the brain of dogs in vivo and support the use of these vectors to develop an efficacy trial for canine GBM as a prelude to human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Candolfi
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Jaita G, Candolfi M, Zaldivar V, Zárate S, Ferrari L, Pisera D, Castro MG, Seilicovich A. Estrogens up-regulate the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway in lactotropes. Endocrinology 2005; 146:4737-44. [PMID: 16099864 PMCID: PMC1266288 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Fas/FasL system provides the major apoptotic mechanism for many cell types, participating in cell turnover in hormone-dependent tissues. In the present study, we localized both Fas and FasL in anterior pituitary cells, mainly in lactotropes and somatotropes. The percentage of anterior pituitary cells showing immunoreactivity for Fas or FasL was higher in cells from rats killed in proestrus than in diestrus. Also, the proportion of pituitary cells from ovariectomized (OVX) rats expressing Fas or FasL increased in the presence of 17beta-estradiol (10(-9) M). This steroid increased the percentage of lactotropes with immunoreactivity for Fas or FasL and the percentage of somatotropes expressing Fas. Activation of Fas by an agonist anti-Fas antibody (Mab-Fas) decreased the vi-ability-3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay)-of anterior pituitary cells from OVX rats cultured in the presence of 17beta-estradiol. Also, membrane-bound FasL decreased cell viability-[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay (MTS assay)-only when anterior pituitary cells from OVX rats were incubated with 17beta-estradiol. Moreover, FasL increased the percentage of hypodiploid anterior pituitary cells (flow cytometry). Mab-Fas increased the percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive pituitary cells and lactotropes from OVX rats only when cells were incubated in the presence of 17beta-estradiol. Also, Mab-Fas triggered apoptosis of anterior pituitary cells from rats killed at proestrus but not at diestrus. Our results show that 17beta-estradiol up-regulates the expression of the Fas/FasL system in anterior pituitary cells and increases Fas-induced apoptosis in lactotropes, suggesting that Fas-induced apoptosis could be involved in the pituitary cell renewal during the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Jaita
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires (C1121ABG), Argentina
| | - M. Candolfi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires (C1121ABG), Argentina
| | - V. Zaldivar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires (C1121ABG), Argentina
| | - S. Zárate
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires (C1121ABG), Argentina
| | - L. Ferrari
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires (C1121ABG), Argentina
| | - D. Pisera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires (C1121ABG), Argentina
| | - M. G. Castro
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - A. Seilicovich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires (C1121ABG), Argentina
- Corresponding author and reprint requests: Adriana Seilicovich, Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, Buenos Aires (C1121ABG), ARGENTINA, T, TEL/FAX 5411-48074052
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