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Elsasser TH, Ma B, Ravel J, Kahl S, Gajer P, Cross A. Short-term feeding of defatted bovine colostrum mitigates inflammation in the gut via changes in metabolites and microbiota in a chicken animal model. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:6. [PMID: 36703224 PMCID: PMC9878500 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nondrug supplement strategies to improve gut health have largely focused on the effects of individual compounds to improve one aspect of gut homeostasis. However, there is no comprehensive assessment of the reproducible effects of oral, short-term, low-level colostrum supplementation on gut inflammation status that are specific to the ileum. Herein, a chicken animal model highly responsive to even mild gut inflammatory stimuli was employed to compare the outcomes of feeding a standard diet (CON) to those of CON supplemented with a centrifuge-defatted bovine colostrum (BC) or a nonfat dried milk (NFDM) control on the efficiency of nutrient use, ileal morphology, gut nitro-oxidative inflammation status, metabolites, and the composition of the microbiota. RESULTS A repeated design, iterative multiple regression model was developed to analyze how BC affected ileal digesta-associated anti-inflammatory metabolite abundance coincident with observed changes in the ileal microbiome, mitigation of epithelial inflammation, and ileal surface morphology. An improved whole body nutrient use efficiency in the BC group (v CON and NFDM) coincided with the observed increased ileum absorptive surface and reduced epithelial cell content of tyrosine-nitrated protein (NT, biomarker of nitro-oxidative inflammatory stress). Metabolome analysis revealed that anti-inflammatory metabolites were significantly greater in abundance in BC-fed animals. BC also had a beneficial BC impact on microbiota, particularly in promoting the presence of the bacterial types associated with eubiosis and the segmented filamentous bacteria, Candidatus Arthromitus. CONCLUSION The data suggest that an anti-inflammatory environment in the ileum was more evident in BC than in the other feeding groups and associated with an increased content of statistically definable groups of anti-inflammatory metabolites that appear to functionally link the observed interactions between the host's improved gut health with an observed increase in whole body nutrient use efficiency, beneficial changes in the microbiome and immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted H. Elsasser
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USA Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Bing Ma
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USA Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Pawel Gajer
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Alan Cross
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Li SC, Kabeer MH. Caveolae-Mediated Extracellular Vesicle (CMEV) Signaling of Polyvalent Polysaccharide Vaccination: A Host-Pathogen Interface Hypothesis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122653. [PMID: 36559147 PMCID: PMC9784826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We published a study showing that improvement in response to splenectomy associated defective, in regards to the antibody response to Pneumovax® 23 (23-valent polysaccharides, PPSV23), can be achieved by splenocyte reinfusion. This study triggered a debate on whether and how primary and secondary immune responses occur based on humoral antibody responses to the initial vaccination and revaccination. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine sheds new light on the interpretation of our previous data. Here, we offer an opinion on the administration of the polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), which appears to be highly relevant to the primary vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and its booster dose. Thus, we do not insist this is a secondary immune response but an antibody response, nonetheless, as measured through IgG titers after revaccination. However, we contend that we are not sure if these lower but present IgG levels against pneumococcal antigens are clinically protective or are equally common in all groups because of the phenomenon of "hyporesponsiveness" seen after repeated polysaccharide vaccine challenge. We review the literature and propose a new mechanism-caveolae memory extracellular vesicles (CMEVs)-by which polysaccharides mediate prolonged and sustained immune response post-vaccination. We further delineate and explain the data sets to suggest that the dual targets on both Cav-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins may block the viral entrance and neutralize viral load, which minimizes the immune reaction against viral attacks and inflammatory responses. Thus, while presenting our immunological opinion, we answer queries and responses made by readers to our original statements published in our previous work and propose a hypothesis for all vaccination strategies, i.e., caveolae-mediated extracellular vesicle-mediated vaccine memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Calvin Li
- Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868-3874, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, 200 S Manchester Ave. Ste 206, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-714-509-4964
| | - Mustafa H. Kabeer
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, CHOC Children’s Hospital, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, 333 City Blvd. West, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Bouaouiche S, Ghione S, Sghaier R, Burgy O, Racoeur C, Derangère V, Bettaieb A, Plenchette S. Nitric Oxide-Releasing Drug Glyceryl Trinitrate Targets JAK2/STAT3 Signaling, Migration and Invasion of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168449. [PMID: 34445170 PMCID: PMC8395103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive disease with invasive and metastasizing properties associated with a poor prognosis. The STAT3 signaling pathway has shown a pivotal role in cancer cell migration, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of TNBC cells. IL-6 is a main upstream activator of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In the present study we examined the impact of the NO-donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) on the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and subsequent migration, invasion and metastasis ability of TNBC cells through in vitro and in vivo experiments. We used a subtoxic dose of carboplatin and/or recombinant IL-6 to activate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and its functional outcomes. We found an inhibitory effect of GTN on the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling, migration and invasion of TNBC cells. We discovered that GTN inhibits the activation of JAK2, the upstream activator of STAT3, and mediates the S-nitrosylation of JAK2. Finally, the effect of GTN (Nitronal) on lung metastasis was investigated to assess its antitumor activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Bouaouiche
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.S.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Silvia Ghione
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.S.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Randa Sghaier
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.S.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Burgy
- INSERM U1231, UFR Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Cindy Racoeur
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.S.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valentin Derangère
- Plateforme de Transfert en Biologie du Cancer, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.S.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Plenchette
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; (S.B.); (S.G.); (R.S.); (C.R.); (A.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers (LIIC), EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +33-3-80-39-33-59; Fax: +33-3-80-39-34-34
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4
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Ghione S, Mabrouk N, Paul C, Bettaieb A, Plenchette S. Protein kinase inhibitor-based cancer therapies: Considering the potential of nitric oxide (NO) to improve cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113855. [PMID: 32061562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The deregulation of a wide variety of protein kinases is associated with cancer cell initiation and tumor progression. Owing to their indispensable function in signaling pathways driving malignant cell features, protein kinases constitute major therapeutic targets in cancer. Over the past two decades, intense efforts in drug development have been dedicated to this field. The development of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) have been a real breakthrough in targeted cancer therapy. Despite obvious successes across patients with different types of cancer, the development of PKI resistance still prevails. Combination therapies are part of a comprehensive approach to address the problem of drug resistance. The therapeutic use of nitric oxide (NO) donors to bypass PKI resistance in cancer has never been tested in clinic yet but several arguments suggest that the combination of PKIs and NO donors may exert a potential anticancer effect. The present review summarized the current state of knowledge on common targets to both PKIs and NO. Herein, we attempt to provide the rationale underlying a potential combination of PKIs and NO donors for future directions and design of new combination therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ghione
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nesrine Mabrouk
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Plenchette
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris, France; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
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5
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Elsasser TH, Miska K, Kahl S, Fetterer RH, Martínez Ramirez A. Temporal pattern changes in duodenal protein tyrosine nitration events in response to Eimeria acervulina infection in chickens. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2125-2138. [PMID: 29688400 PMCID: PMC6095395 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular generation of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (SOA) can result in the formation of 3'-nitrotyrosine proteins (NTp). Nitrated proteins usually are associated with significant perturbation in protein function, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell death. We undertook the present study to establish the temporal dynamics of NTp generation in cytokeratin-18-positive epithelial cells (ETCs) of broiler chickens in response to infection with Eimeria acervulina. Duodenal tissue was harvested from noninfected (NOI) and infected (INF) broilers on days (d) 1, 3, 6, 7, and 10 postinfection (PI) and fixed, embedded, and sectioned for quantitative image analysis, immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific to NTp and the SOA-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO). The pixel density characteristics for NTp and XO representative of ETCs demonstrated that NTp and XO increased in intestinal villi as early as d1 PI (P < 0.05 vs. NOI). Progressive increases in NTp were evident in ETCs through d6 PI. For XO, increases in cell content increased only through d3. On d6 and d7 PI, high levels of NTp were present in immune infiltrating cells (IIC) where no XO was detected. The increases in ETC NTp occurred in a defined pattern, significant by villus-to-crypt location for day of infection, initiating in the distal villus and progressing down into the crypts. Two NTp patterns were observed for ETCs: a high level associated with ETCs harboring parasites and a low-level increase in ETCs not containing Eimeria but in proximity to such. The data suggest that NTp and XO responses may mediate some of the processes through which ETCs respond to Eimeria to limit the extent of infection by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted H Elsasser
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD
| | - Kate Miska
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD
| | - Raymond H Fetterer
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD
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6
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Williams JJL, Alotaiq N, Mullen W, Burchmore R, Liu L, Baillie GS, Schaper F, Pilch PF, Palmer TM. Interaction of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 with cavin-1 links SOCS3 function and cavin-1 stability. Nat Commun 2018; 9:168. [PMID: 29330478 PMCID: PMC5766592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective suppression of JAK-STAT signalling by the inducible inhibitor "suppressor of cytokine signalling 3" (SOCS3) is essential for limiting signalling from cytokine receptors. Here we show that cavin-1, a component of caveolae, is a functionally significant SOCS3-interacting protein. Biochemical and confocal imaging demonstrate that SOCS3 localisation to the plasma membrane requires cavin-1. SOCS3 is also critical for cavin-1 stabilisation, such that deletion of SOCS3 reduces the expression of cavin-1 and caveolin-1 proteins, thereby reducing caveola abundance in endothelial cells. Moreover, the interaction of cavin-1 and SOCS3 is essential for SOCS3 function, as loss of cavin-1 enhances cytokine-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation and abolishes SOCS3-dependent inhibition of IL-6 signalling by cyclic AMP. Together, these findings reveal a new functionally important mechanism linking SOCS3-mediated inhibition of cytokine signalling to localisation at the plasma membrane via interaction with and stabilisation of cavin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J L Williams
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Nasser Alotaiq
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Libin Liu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Fred Schaper
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute for Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul F Pilch
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Timothy M Palmer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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7
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Katashima CK, Silva VRR, Lenhare L, Marin RM, Carvalheira JBC. iNOS promotes hypothalamic insulin resistance associated with deregulation of energy balance and obesity in rodents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9265. [PMID: 28835706 PMCID: PMC5569114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide (iNOS)-mediated S-nitrosation of the metabolic signaling pathway has emerged as a post-translational modification that triggers insulin resistance in obesity and aging. However, the effects of S-nitrosation in controlling energy homeostasis are unknown. Thus, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the effects of S-nitrosation in insulin signaling pathway in the hypothalamus of rodents. Herein, we demonstrated that the intracerebroventricular infusion of the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) promoted hypothalamic insulin signaling resistance and replicated the food intake pattern of obese individuals. Indeed, obesity induced S-nitrosation of hypothalamic IR and Akt, whereas inhibition of iNOS or S-nitrosation of insulin signaling pathway protected against hypothalamic insulin resistance and normalized energy homeostasis. Overall, these findings indicated that S-nitrosation of insulin signaling pathway is required to sustain hypothalamic insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciene Lenhare
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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8
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Connor E, Wall E, Bravo D, Evock-Clover C, Elsasser T, Baldwin R, Santín M, Vinyard B, Kahl S, Walker M. Reducing gut effects from Cryptosporidium parvum infection in dairy calves through prophylactic glucagon-like peptide 2 therapy or feeding of an artificial sweetener. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3004-3018. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Microscopic Morphology and Apoptosis of Ovarian Tissue after Cryopreservation using a Vitrification Method in Post-Hatching Turkey Poults, Meleagris gallopavo. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:303-311. [PMID: 32908441 PMCID: PMC7477267 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine morphological changes of oogonia and primordial follicles in the ovaries of turkey poults within the first week after hatching, and to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on histology and apoptosis of these immature ovaries. Ovaries from poults at Day 1, Day 3, Day 5 and Day 7 post-hatch were cryopreserved using a modified vitrification method. The histology of oogonia and primordial follicles in fresh and cryopreserved tissue was assessed, and the apoptosis of tissue in different age groups was identified using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The mean oogonium diameter in fresh tissue increased from 11.9±1.3 µm (Day 1) to 15.2±2.7 µm (Day 7) within the first week; however, oogonia in cryopreserved tissue from Day 3 and Day 7 ovaries were smaller than those in fresh tissue (P<0.05). Formation of primordial follicles was observed as early as Day 5. For Day 7 ovaries, follicles in cryopreserved tissue were smaller than those in fresh tissue; this was also true for oocyte diameter (P<0.05). Apoptosis was most frequent in Day 1 fresh tissue, which was reduced as the poults aged. The frequency of apoptosis in cryopreserved tissue was comparable among age groups. This study provides the first documentation of morphological changes in the turkey ovary within the first week post-hatching. Results suggest that oogonia and primordial follicles that are smaller in size could be more resistant to the damage caused by cryopreservation. Of the ages assessed in this study, it is concluded that 3 days of age appears optimal for recovery of donor ovaries for cryopreservation, taking the advance of reduced cryoinjury and ease of tissue handling at this age.
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Jones LH, Narayanan A, Hett EC. Understanding and applying tyrosine biochemical diversity. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:952-69. [PMID: 24623162 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the recent advances made in our understanding of the diversity of tyrosine biochemistry and shows how this has inspired novel applications in numerous areas of molecular design and synthesis, including chemical biology and bioconjugation. The pathophysiological implications of tyrosine biochemistry will be presented from a molecular perspective and the opportunities for therapeutic intervention explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn H Jones
- Pfizer R&D, Chemical Biology Group, BioTherapeutics Chemistry, WorldWide Medicinal Chemistry, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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11
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Connor E, Kahl S, Elsasser T, Baldwin R, Fayer R, Santin-Duran M, Sample G, Evock-Clover C. Glucagon-like peptide 2 therapy reduces negative effects of diarrhea on calf gut. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:1793-802. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Elsasser TH, Kahl S, Capuco AV, Schmidt W. Effects of stress on endocrine and metabolic processes and redirection: cross talk between subcellular compartments. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2012; 43:132-45. [PMID: 22608769 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome analysis and biochemical pathway mapping have advanced our understanding of how biological systems have evolved over time. Protein and DNA marker comparisons suggest that several of these systems are both ancient in origin but highly conserved into today's evolved species. However, remnants of some of the more ancient functions of these chemical systems can run in conflict with the functions that those same pathways serve in complex organisms and tissue systems today. Relevant to the present topic, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O(2)(•-)), ancient cellular molecules in evolutionary terms, are recognized today as both necessary for the well-being and stable health of cells but also injurious to cells as elaborated in conjunction with the cellular stress response. Why the dichotomy? This question underlies one of the basic issues challenging researchers as well as practitioners in their approach to disease management. The fundamental proinflammatory response of the innate immune system of the host is needed for pathogen control but can be injurious to tissues from "collateral damage" from NO- and O(2)(•-)-derived reactive molecules capable of affecting protein function via post-translational chemical modification. This review highlights newer aspects of the biochemistry of the NO- and O(2)(•-)-mediated innate proinflammatory response and further show how protein and tissue damage via overproduction of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediary molecules such as peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) might be targeted to specific epitopes of proteins. Changes in the regulation of metabolism in response to proinflammatory disease states are discussed for GH signal transduction and tissue specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Elsasser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Guo CJ, Yang XB, Wu YY, Yang LS, Mi S, Liu ZY, Jia KT, Huang YX, Weng SP, Yu XQ, He JG. Involvement of caveolin-1 in the Jak-Stat signaling pathway and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus infection in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Mol Immunol 2011; 48:992-1000. [PMID: 21296425 PMCID: PMC7112660 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae, the major source of caveolin-1 protein, are specialized invaginated microdomains of the plasma membrane that act as organizing centers for signaling molecules in the immune system. In the present study, we report the cloning and characterization of caveolin-1 (mCav-1) from mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and study on the roles of mCav-1 in the fish Jak–Stat signaling pathway and in virus infection. The cDNA sequence of mCav-1 was 707 bp in size, encoding a protein of 181 amino acids, which was different from the mammalian protein (178 amino acids). The deduced amino acid sequence of mCav-1 shared similar architecture with vertebrate caveolin-1 proteins, but mCav-1 lacked a phosphorylation site (y14). The major subcellular location of mCav-1 was in the caveolae, where the protein appeared to have major functions. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of the mandarin fish Mx, IRF-1, SOCS1, and SOCS3 genes involved in the poly(I:C)-induced Jak–Stat signaling pathway was impaired by the mCav-1 scaffolding domain peptide (mSDP). In mandarin fish fry (MFF-1) cells, the protein levels of mCav-1 were markedly up-regulated at 12 and 24 h post-infection with ISKNV (infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus). In addition, ISKNV entry into MFF-1 cells was significantly inhibited by mSDP, and the inhibition was dose-dependent. Thus, ISKNV infection was apparently associated with mCav-1 protein and may utilize the caveolae-related endocytosis pathway. The findings reported here further our understanding of the function of caveolin-1 in the complex signal transduction network in fish immune systems and in the cellular entry mechanism of iridoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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14
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Yakovlev VA, Bayden AS, Graves PR, Kellogg GE, Mikkelsen RB. Nitration of the tumor suppressor protein p53 at tyrosine 327 promotes p53 oligomerization and activation. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5331-9. [PMID: 20499882 DOI: 10.1021/bi100564w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) promotes p53 transcriptional activity by a classical DNA damage responsive mechanism involving activation of ATM/ATR and phosphorylation of p53. These studies intentionally used high doses of NO donors to achieve the maximum DNA damage. However, lower concentrations of NO donors also stimulate rapid and unequivocal nuclear retention of p53 but apparently do not require ATM/ATR-dependent p53 phosphorylation or total p53 protein accumulation. To identify possible mechanisms for p53 activation at low NO levels, the role of Tyr nitration in p53 activation was evaluated. Low concentrations of the NO donor, DETA NONOate (<200 microM), exclusively nitrate Tyr327 within the tetramerization domain promoting p53 oligomerization, nuclear accumulation, and increased DNA-binding activity without p53 Ser15 phosphorylation. Molecular modeling indicates that nitration of one Tyr327 stabilizes the dimer by about 2.67 kcal mol(-1). Significant quantitative and qualitative differences in the patterns of p53-target gene modulation by low (50 microM), non-DNA-damaging and high (500 microM), DNA-damaging NO donor concentrations were shown. These results demonstrate a new posttranslational mechanism for modulating p53 transcriptional activity responsive to low NO concentrations and independent of DNA damage signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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15
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Kurdi M, Booz GW. JAK redux: a second look at the regulation and role of JAKs in the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H1545-56. [PMID: 19717737 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00032.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of type 1 receptor cytokine family members protect the heart from acute and chronic oxidative stress. This protection involves activation of two intracellular signaling cascades: the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway, which entails activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and ERK1/2, and JAK-STAT signaling, which involves activation of transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Obligatory for activation of both RISK and STAT3 by nearly all of these cytokines are the kinases JAK1 and JAK2. Yet surprisingly little is known about how JAK1 and JAK2 are regulated in the heart or how they couple to PI3-kinase activation. Although the JAKs are linked to antioxidative stress programs in the heart, we recently reported that these kinases are inhibited by oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes. In contrast, others have reported that cardiac JAK2 is activated by acute oxidative stress by an undefined process. Here we summarize recent insights into the regulation of JAK1 and JAK2. Besides oxidative stress, inhibitory regulation involves phosphorylation, nitration, and intramolecular restraints. Stimulatory regulation involves phosphorylation and adaptor proteins. The net effect of stress on JAK activity in the heart likely represents the sum of both inhibitory and stimulatory processes, along with their dynamic interaction. Thus the regulation of JAKs in the heart, once touted as the paragon of simplicity, is proving rather complicated indeed, requiring a second look. It is our contention that a better understanding of the regulation of this kinase family that is implicated in cardiac protection could translate into effective therapeutic strategies for preventing myocardial damage or repairing the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Kurdi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Educational Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
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16
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Li CJ, Elsasser TH, Kahl S. AKT/eNOS signaling module functions as a potential feedback loop in the growth hormone signaling pathway. J Mol Signal 2009; 4:1. [PMID: 19320971 PMCID: PMC2666727 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While evidence suggested that the activity states of Protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) play an important role in the progression of the Growth Hormone (GH) signal cascade, the implication of the activation of AKT/PKB and eNOS in terms of their function in the signaling pathway was not clear. Results Using a specific AKT/PKB inhibitor and a functional proteomic approach, we were able to detect the activities of multiple signal transduction pathway elements, the downstream targets of the AKT/PKB pathway and the modification of those responses by treatment with GH. Inhibiting the AKT/PKB activity reduced or eliminated the activation (phosphorylation) of eNOS. We demonstrated that the progression of the GH signal cascade is influenced by the activity status of AKT and eNOS, wherein the suppression of AKT activity appears to augment the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) and to antagonize the deactivation (phosphorylation) of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDC2/Cdk1) induced by GH. Phosphorylation of GSK3a/b (glycogen synthase kinase 3), the downstream target of AKT/PKB, was inhibited by the AKT/PKB inhibitor. GH did not increase phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) in normal cells but increases phosphorylation of RSK1 in cells pre-treated with the AKT and eNOS inhibitors. Conclusion The MAP kinase and CDC2 kinase-dependent intracellular mechanisms are involved in or are the targets of the GH's action processes, and these activities are probably directly or indirectly modulated by AKT/PKB pathways. We propose that the AKT/PKB-eNOS module likely functions as a negative feedback mediator of GH actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Jun Li
- Bovine Functional Genomics laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave,, BARC EAST, Building 200, Room 209, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Elsasser TH, Caperna TJ, Li CJ, Kahl S, Sartin JL. Critical control points in the impact of the proinflammatory immune response on growth and metabolism1,2. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:E105-25. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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18
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Elsasser TH, Li CJ, Caperna TJ, Kahl S, Schmidt WF. Growth hormone (GH)-associated nitration of Janus kinase-2 at the 1007Y-1008Y epitope impedes phosphorylation at this site: mechanism for and impact of a GH, AKT, and nitric oxide synthase axis on GH signal transduction. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3792-802. [PMID: 17510232 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A generalized increase in liver protein tyrosine nitration (3'-nitrotyrosine, 3'-NT) occurs after GH injection in a time frame consistent with observed acute GH hyporesponsiveness. Here we investigated whether the GH-associated nitration process might be targeted to the (1007)Y-(1008)Y-phosphorylation epitope of Janus kinase (JAK)-2 because of its homology to a defined peptide nitration motif. Using antibodies we developed to the 3'NT-substituted peptide analog of the (1007)Y-(1008)Y-JAK2 site (nitro-JAK2), we demonstrated a rapid increase in membrane-associated nitro-JAK2 after GH. In vivo (bovine liver) and in vitro (porcine hepatocytes), GH-induced cellular levels of nitro-(1007)Y-(1008)Y-JAK2 persisted significantly longer after a stimulatory GH pulse than did levels of phospho-JAK2. Treatment of cultured cells with inhibitors of AKT or endothelial nitric oxide synthase prior to GH challenge attenuated the increases in nitro-JAK2 predominantly in the membrane subcellular fraction. In instances in which GH effected orthophosphorylation of (694)Y-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5b, the addition of AKT and endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors prior to GH significantly increased the levels of phospho-(694)Y-STAT5b and phospho-(1007)Y-JAK2 over those arising from GH alone. Nuclear magnetic resonance molecular modeling of natural and 3'-NT- and orthophosphate-substituted peptide analogs of the (1007)Y-(1008)Y site demonstrated significant effects of 3'-nitration on the planar orientation and intramolecular stabilizing points of the affected tyrosines. When these peptides were used as substrates for in vitro tyrosine kinase phosphorylation reactions, 3'-NT in the (1007)Y and/or (1008)Y positions blocked the generation of (1007)Y-phosphotyrosine. The data suggest that the nitration of JAK2 may act as an inhibitory counterpart to phosphorylation activation, reflecting a very localized break on the progression of GH signal transduction processes spanning JAK-STAT-AKT interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted H Elsasser
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Growth Biology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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