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Huang YM, Li TX, Li SY, Zhu XR, Li Y, Liu DY, Li WM, Yang LQ, Liu KS, Liu C. Glucocorticoids ameliorate cardiorenal syndrome through the NPR1/SGK1 pathway in natriuretic peptide receptor A‑heterozygous mice. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:374. [PMID: 37415837 PMCID: PMC10320660 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides, which are produced by the heart, bind to natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR1 encoded by natriuretic peptide receptor 1 gene) and cause vasodilation and natriuresis. Thus, they serve an important role in regulating blood pressure. In the present study, microinjection of CRISPR associated protein 9/single guide RNA into fertilized C57BL/6N mouse eggs was performed to generate filial generation zero (F0) Npr1 knockout homozygous mice (Npr1-/-). F0 mice mated with wild-type (WT) mice to obtain F1 Npr1 knockout heterozygous mice with stable heredity (Npr1+/-). F1 self-hybridization was used to expand the population of heterozygous mice (Npr1+/-). The present study performed echocardiography to investigate the impact of NPR1 gene knockdown on cardiac function. Compared with those in the WT group (C57BL/6N male mice), the left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial contractility and renal sodium and potassium excretion and creatinine-clearance rates were decreased, indicating that Npr1 knockdown induced cardiac and renal dysfunction. In addition, expression of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) increased significantly compared with that in WT mice. However, glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) upregulated NPR1 and inhibited SGK1 and alleviated cardiac and renal dysfunction caused by Npr1 gene heterozygosity. SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 ameliorate cardiorenal syndrome by suppressing SGK1. Briefly, glucocorticoids inhibited SGK1 by upregulating NPR1, thereby ameliorating cardiorenal impairment caused by Npr1 gene heterozygosity. The present findings provided novel insight into the understanding of cardiorenal syndrome and suggested that glucocorticoids targeting the NPR1/SGK1 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to treat cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Meng Huang
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Xin Li
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Li
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ran Zhu
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050057, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Dang-Yang Liu
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Quan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050057, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Shen Liu
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
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Pandey KN. Molecular Signaling Mechanisms and Function of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A in the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693099. [PMID: 34489721 PMCID: PMC8416980 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP) and their cognate receptors has greatly increased our knowledge of the control of hypertension and cardiovascular homeostasis. ANP and BNP are potent endogenous hypotensive hormones that elicit natriuretic, diuretic, vasorelaxant, antihypertrophic, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory effects, largely directed toward the reduction of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The principal receptor involved in the regulatory actions of ANP and BNP is guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA), which produces the intracellular second messenger cGMP. Cellular, biochemical, molecular, genetic, and clinical studies have facilitated understanding of the functional roles of natriuretic peptides (NPs), as well as the functions of their receptors, and signaling mechanisms in CVDs. Transgenic and gene-targeting (gene-knockout and gene-duplication) strategies have produced genetically altered novel mouse models and have advanced our knowledge of the importance of NPs and their receptors at physiological and pathophysiological levels in both normal and disease states. The current review describes the past and recent research on the cellular, molecular, genetic mechanisms and functional roles of the ANP-BNP/NPRA system in the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular homeostasis as well as clinical and diagnostic markers of cardiac disorders and heart failure. However, the therapeutic potentials of NPs and their receptors for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and stroke have just begun to be expanded. More in-depth investigations are needed in this field to extend the therapeutic use of NPs and their receptors to treat and prevent CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N. Pandey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Pandey KN. Genetic Ablation and Guanylyl Cyclase/Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A: Impact on the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163946. [PMID: 31416126 PMCID: PMC6721781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice bearing targeted gene mutations that affect the functions of natriuretic peptides (NPs) and natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) have contributed important information on the pathogenesis of hypertension, kidney disease, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Studies of mice having both complete gene disruption and tissue-specific gene ablation have contributed to our understanding of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. These phenomena are consistent with an oligogenic inheritance in which interactions among a few alleles may account for genetic susceptibility to hypertension, renal insufficiency, and congestive heart failure. In addition to gene knockouts conferring increased risks of hypertension, kidney disorders, and cardiovascular dysfunction, studies of gene duplications have identified mutations that protect against high blood pressure and cardiovascular events, thus generating the notion that certain alleles can confer resistance to hypertension and heart disease. This review focuses on the intriguing phenotypes of Npr1 gene disruption and gene duplication in mice, with emphasis on hypertension and cardiovascular events using mouse models carrying Npr1 gene knockout and/or gene duplication. It also describes how Npr1 gene targeting in mice has contributed to our knowledge of the roles of NPs and NPRs in dose-dependently regulating hypertension and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Packer M. Activation and Inhibition of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger Is a Mechanism That Links the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus With That of Heart Failure. Circulation 2017; 136:1548-1559. [PMID: 29038209 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetes mellitus and heart failure are closely intertwined, such that worsening of one condition is frequently accompanied by worsening of the other; the degree of clinical acceleration is marked when the 2 coexist. Activation of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger in the heart and vasculature (NHE1 isoform) and the kidneys (NHE3 isoform) may serve as a common mechanism that links both disorders and may underlie their interplay. Insulin insensitivity and adipokine abnormalities (the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus) are characteristic features of heart failure; conversely, neurohormonal systems activated in heart failure (norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and neprilysin) impair insulin sensitivity and contribute to microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Each of these neurohormonal derangements may act through increased activity of both NHE1 and NHE3. Drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus may favorably affect the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure by inhibiting either or both NHE isoforms, and drugs used to treat heart failure may have beneficial effects on glucose tolerance and the complications of diabetes mellitus by interfering with the actions of NHE1 and NHE3. The efficacy of NHE inhibitors on the risk of cardiovascular events may be enhanced when heart failure and glucose intolerance coexist and may be attenuated when drugs with NHE inhibitory actions are given concomitantly. Therefore, the sodium-hydrogen exchanger may play a central role in the interplay of diabetes mellitus and heart failure, contribute to the physiological and clinical progression of both diseases, and explain certain drug-drug and drug-disease interactions that have been reported in large-scale randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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Vasostatin-1 Stops Structural Remodeling and Improves Calcium Handling via the eNOS-NO-PKG Pathway in Rat Hearts Subjected to Chronic β-Adrenergic Receptor Activation. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 30:455-464. [PMID: 27595734 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-016-6687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronically elevated catecholamine levels activate cardiac β-adrenergic receptors, which play a vital role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Evidence suggests that vasostatin-1 (VS-1) exerts anti-adrenergic effects on isolated and perfused hearts in vitro. Whether VS-1 ameliorates hypertrophy/remodeling by inducing the chronic activation of β-adrenergic receptors is unknown. The present study aims to test the efficacy of using VS-1 to treat the advanced hypertrophy/remodeling that result from chronic β-adrenergic receptor activation and to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie this response. METHODS AND RESULT Rats were subjected to infusion with either isoprenaline (ISO, 5 mg/kg/d), ISO plus VS-1 (30 mg/kg/d) or placebo for 2 weeks. VS-1 suppressed chamber dilation, myocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis and improved in vivo heart function in the rats subjected to ISO infusion. VS-1 increased phosphorylated nitric oxide synthase levels and induced the activation of protein kinase G. VS-1 also deactivated multiple hypertrophy signaling pathways that were triggered by the chronic activation of β-adrenergic receptors, such as the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK-II) pathways. Myocytes isolated from ISO + VS-1 hearts displayed higher Ca2+ transients, shorter Ca2+ decays, higher sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ levels and higher L-type Ca2+ current densities than the ISO rat hearts. VS-1 treatment restored the protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake ATPase, phospholamban and Cav1.2, indicating improved calcium handling. CONCLUSIONS Chronic VS-1 treatment inhibited the progression of hypertrophy, fibrosis, and chamber remodeling, and improved cardiac function in a rat model of ISO infusion. In addition, Ca2+ handling and its molecular modulation were also improved by VS-1. The beneficial effects of VS-1 on cardiac remodeling may be mediated by the enhanced activation of the eNOS-cGMP-PKG pathway.
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Werner F, Kojonazarov B, Gaßner B, Abeßer M, Schuh K, Völker K, Baba HA, Dahal BK, Schermuly RT, Kuhn M. Endothelial actions of atrial natriuretic peptide prevent pulmonary hypertension in mice. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:22. [PMID: 26909880 PMCID: PMC4766231 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) regulates systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressure by activation of its cyclic GMP-producing guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor. In the lung, these hypotensive effects were mainly attributed to smooth muscle-mediated vasodilatation. It is unknown whether pulmonary endothelial cells participate in the homeostatic actions of ANP. Therefore, we analyzed GC-A/cGMP signalling in lung endothelial cells and the cause and functional impact of lung endothelial GC-A dysfunction. Western blot and cGMP determinations showed that cultured human and murine pulmonary endothelial cells exhibit prominent GC-A expression and activity which were markedly blunted by hypoxia, a condition known to trigger pulmonary hypertension (PH). To elucidate the consequences of impaired endothelial ANP signalling, we studied mice with genetic endothelial cell-restricted ablation of the GC-A receptor (EC GC-A KO). Notably, EC GC-A KO mice exhibit PH already under resting, normoxic conditions, with enhanced muscularization of small arteries and perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells. These alterations were aggravated on exposure of mice to chronic hypoxia. Lung endothelial GC-A dysfunction was associated with enhanced expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and increased pulmonary levels of Angiotensin II. Angiotensin II/AT1-blockade with losartan reversed pulmonary vascular remodelling and perivascular inflammation of EC GC-A KO mice, and prevented their increment by chronic hypoxia. This experimental study indicates that endothelial effects of ANP are critical to prevent pulmonary vascular remodelling and PH. Chronic endothelial ANP/GC-A dysfunction, e.g. provoked by hypoxia, is associated with activation of the ACE-angiotensin pathway in the lung and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Werner
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Gaßner
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Abeßer
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schuh
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Völker
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bhola K Dahal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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Sangaralingham SJ, Wang BH, Huang L, Kumfu S, Ichiki T, Krum H, Burnett JC. Cardiorenal fibrosis and dysfunction in aging: Imbalance in mediators and regulators of collagen. Peptides 2016; 76:108-14. [PMID: 26774586 PMCID: PMC4754975 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorenal fibrosis is a biological process that increases with age and contributes to dysfunction of the heart and kidney. While numerous circulating and tissue hormones, cytokines and enzymes have been identified in the development of cardiorenal fibrosis, several reports have suggested that the anti-fibrotic natriuretic peptide system (NPS), pro-fibrotic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are fundamental regulators and mediators of this process. However, the simultaneous assessment of these components in the development of age-mediated cardiorenal fibrotic remodeling is not completely understood. Thus, we assessed cardiorenal structure and function, the circulating NPS and RAAS and the cardiorenal tissue gene expression of collagen (Col) I, Col III, TGF-β1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in 2 and 20 month old Fischer rats. Our studies determined that aging was characterized by an increase in cardiorenal fibrosis that was accompanied with cardiorenal dysfunction. These alterations were associated with lower circulating atrial and C-type natriuretic peptides and higher angiotensin II and aldosterone levels in the aged rats. Moreover, we observed a decrease in Col I and III and an increase in TIMP- mRNA expressions in the aged heart and kidney, while TGF-β1 expression increased and MMP-9 decreased only in the aged kidney. We conclude that the age-mediated alterations in these fibrotic regulator and mediator profiles favors collagen accumulation due to an imbalance between the NPS and RAAS as well as a decline in the degradative pathway, thus suggesting a therapeutic opportunity to target these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jeson Sangaralingham
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Bing H Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Huang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tomoko Ichiki
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Henry Krum
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John C Burnett
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Al-Asoom LI, Al-Shaikh BA, Bamosa AO, El-Bahai MN. Comparison of Nigella sativa- and exercise-induced models of cardiac hypertrophy: structural and electrophysiological features. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 14:208-13. [PMID: 24448711 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training is employed as supplementary therapeutic intervention for heart failure, due to its ability to induce physiological cardiac hypertrophy. In parallel, supplementation with Nigella sativa (N. sativa) was found to enhance myocardial function and induce cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, we aim to compare the morphological and electrophysiological changes associated with these patterns of cardiac hypertrophy and the possible changes upon administration of N. sativa to exercise-trained animals. Fifty-six adult Wistar rats were divided into: control, Nigella-treated (N), exercise-trained (E), and Nigella-treated-exercise-trained (NE) rats. Daily 800 mg/kg N. sativa was administered orally to N and NE. E and NE ran on treadmill, 2 h/day. At the end of 8 weeks ECG, body weight (BW), heart weight (HW), and left ventricular weight (LVW) were recorded. Hematoxylin and Eosin and periodic acid-Schiff sections were prepared to study the histology of left ventricles and to measure diameter of cardiomyocytes (Cdia). HW/BW, LVW/BW, and mean Cdia were significantly higher in all experimental animals compared to the controls. Histology showed normal cardiomyocytes with no fibrosis. ECG showed significantly lower heart rates, higher QRS amplitude, and ventricular specific potential in NE group compared to control group. Supplementation of N. sativa demonstrated a synergistic effect with exercise training as Nigella-exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy had lower heart rate and well-matched electrical activity of the heart to its mass. Therefore, this model of cardiac hypertrophy might be introduced as a new therapeutic strategy for treatment for heart failure with superior advantages to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Ibrahim Al-Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, P. O. Box 2114, Ad Dammām, Saudi Arabia,
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Straubinger J, Schöttle V, Bork N, Subramanian H, Dünnes S, Russwurm M, Gawaz M, Friebe A, Nemer M, Nikolaev VO, Lukowski R. Sildenafil Does Not Prevent Heart Hypertrophy and Fibrosis Induced by Cardiomyocyte Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Signaling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:406-16. [PMID: 26157043 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of several mouse models imply that the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil (SIL), via increasing cGMP, affords protection against angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated cardiac remodeling. However, it is unclear which cell types are involved in these beneficial effects, because Ang II may exert its adverse effects by modulating multiple renovascular and cardiac functions via Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs). To test the hypothesis that SIL/cGMP inhibit cardiac stress provoked by amplified Ang II/AT1R directly in cardiomyocytes (CMs), we studied transgenic mice with CM-specific overexpression of the AT1R under the control of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter (αMHC-AT1R(tg/+)). The extent of cardiac growth was assessed in the absence or presence of SIL and defined by referring changes in heart weight to body weight or tibia length. Hypertrophic marker genes, extracellular matrix-regulating factors, and expression patterns of fibrosis markers were examined in αMHC-AT1R(tg/+) ventricles (with or without SIL) and corroborated by investigating different components of the natriuretic peptide/PDE5/cGMP pathway as well as cardiac functions. cGMP levels in heart lysates and intact CMs were measured by competitive immunoassays and Förster resonance energy transfer. We found higher cardiac and CM cGMP levels and upregulation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I with AT1R overexpression. However, even a prolonged SIL treatment regimen did not limit the progressive CM growth, fibrosis, or decline in cardiac functions in the αMHC-AT1R(tg/+) model, suggesting that SIL does not interfere with the pathogenic actions of amplified AT1R signaling in CMs. Hence, the cardiac/noncardiac cells involved in the cross-talk between SIL-sensitive PDE activity and Ang II/AT1R still need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Straubinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Verena Schöttle
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Nadja Bork
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Sarah Dünnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Andreas Friebe
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Mona Nemer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.S., V.S., N.B., R.L.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.S., V.O.N.); Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.D., A.F.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.R.); Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M.G.); Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.N.); and Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.N.)
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Hotchkiss A, Feridooni T, Zhang F, Pasumarthi KBS. The effects of calcium channel blockade on proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:238-51. [PMID: 24680380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiogenesis depends on a tightly regulated balance between proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and their cardiomyocyte descendants. While exposure of early mouse embryos to Ca(2+) channel antagonists has been associated with abnormal cardiac morphogenesis, less is known about the consequences of Ca(2+) channel blockade on proliferation and differentiation of CPCs at the cellular level. Here we showed that at embryonic day (E) 11.5, the murine ventricles express several L-type and T-type Ca(2+) channel isoforms, and that the dihydropyridine Ca(2+) channel antagonist, nifedipine, blunts isoproterenol induced increases in intracellular Ca(2+). Nifedipine mediated Ca(2+) channel blockade was associated with a reduction in cell cycle activity of E11.5 CPCs and impaired assembly of the cardiomyocyte contractile apparatus. Furthermore, in cell transplantation experiments, systemic administration of nifedipine to adult mice receiving transplanted E11.5 ventricular cells (containing CPCs and cardiomyocytes) was associated with smaller graft sizes compared to vehicle treated control animals. These data suggest that intracellular Ca(2+) is a critical regulator of the balance between CPC proliferation and differentiation and demonstrate that interactions between pharmacological drugs and transplanted cells could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of cell based therapies for myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hotchkiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tiam Feridooni
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Feixiong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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11
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Grześk G, Szadujkis-Szadurska K, Matusiak G, Malinowski B, Gajdus M, Wiciński M, Szadujkis-Szadurski L. Influence of celecoxib on the vasodilating properties of human mesenteric arteries constricted with endothelin-1. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:412-418. [PMID: 24748985 PMCID: PMC3990212 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogenic and vasoconstrictive properties of the vascular system are attributed to endothelin-1 (ET-1). ET-1 serum concentration increases in a number of pathological conditions, particularly in those associated with blood vessel constriction. ET-1 is also associated with the underlying pathomechanisms of primary pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypertension and eclampsia. The aim of this study was to compare the vasodilating properties of selected phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors and celecoxib in human mesenteric arteries constricted with ET-1, and investigate the role of the endothelium in relaxation. Perfused human mesenteric arteries were collected and stored under the same conditions as organs for transplantation. The mesenteric arteries (with and without the endothelium) were constricted by the addition of ET-1 and treated with one of the following: sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor), zaprinast (PDE5 and 6 inhibitor), rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor) and celecoxib [cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor]. Based on the observed changes of the perfusion pressure, concentration response curves (CRCs) were prepared for the respective inhibitors and the EC50 (concentration causing an effect equal to half of the maximum effect), pD2 (negative common logarithm of EC50) and relative potency (RP) were calculated. The results suggested that all the inhibitors triggered a concentration-dependent decrease in the perfusion pressure in isolated human superior mesenteric arteries with endothelium constricted by the addition of ET-1. In the arteries without endothelium, CRCs for celecoxib and rolipram were shifted to the right without a significant decrease in the maximum dilating effect. Moreover, CRCs for sildenafil and zaprinast were shifted to the right with a simultaneous significant decrease in the maximum dilating effect and with an increased inclination angle in reference to the concentration axis. In the presence of the endothelium, all of the evaluated PDE inhibitors, as well as celecoxib, reduced the reactivity of the mesenteric arteries caused by ET-1. Sildenafil indicated the lowest efficacy in the presence of the endothelium, but showed a higher potency compared to that of the other compounds. Removing the endothelium significantly reduced the vasodilating efficacy of PDE5 and 6 inhibitors and a statistically significant influence on the vasodilating efficacy of PDE4 inhibitor and celecoxib was observed. The high vasorelaxing efficacy of celecoxib at the background of the PDE inhibitors was observed, not only in the presence, but also in the absence of the endothelium and may be evidence for the relaxation induced by this COX-2 inhibitor in the cAMP- and cGMP-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szadujkis-Szadurska
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Matusiak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Bartosz Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Marta Gajdus
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Leszek Szadujkis-Szadurski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
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12
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Interactive roles of NPR1 gene-dosage and salt diets on cardiac angiotensin II, aldosterone and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in mutant mice. J Hypertens 2013. [PMID: 23188418 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835ac15f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to elucidate the interactive roles of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) gene (Npr1) and salt diets on cardiac angiotensin II (ANG II), aldosterone and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in Npr1 gene-targeted (1-copy, 2-copy, 3-copy, 4-copy) mice. METHODS Npr1 genotypes included 1-copy gene-disrupted heterozygous (+/-), 2-copy wild-type (+/+), 3-copy gene-duplicated heterozygous (++/+) and 4-copy gene-duplicated homozygous (++/++) mice. Animals were fed low, normal and high-salt diets. Plasma and cardiac levels of ANG II, aldosterone and pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined. RESULTS With a high-salt diet, cardiac ANG II levels were increased (+) in 1-copy mice (13.7 ± 2.8 fmol/mg protein, 111%) compared with 2-copy mice (6.5 ± 0.6), but decreased (-) in 4-copy (4.0 ± 0.5, 38%) mice. Cardiac aldosterone levels were increased (+) in 1-copy mice (80 ± 4 fmol/mg protein, 79%) compared with 2-copy mice (38 ± 3). Plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha was increased (+) in 1-copy mice (30.27 ± 2.32 pg/ml, 38%), compared with 2-copy mice (19.36 ± 2.49, 24%), but decreased (-) in 3-copy (11.59 ± 1.51, 12%) and 4-copy (7.13 ± 0.52, 22%) mice. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1α levels were also significantly increased (+) in 1-copy compared with 2-copy mice but decreased (-) in 3-copy and 4-copy mice. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that a high-salt diet aggravates cardiac ANG II, aldosterone and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in Npr1 gene-disrupted 1-copy mice, whereas, in Npr1 gene-duplicated (3-copy and 4-copy) mice, high salt did not render such elevation, suggesting the potential roles of Npr1 against salt loading.
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Pandey KN. Emerging Roles of Natriuretic Peptides and their Receptors in Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:210-26. [PMID: 19746200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, three related natriuretic peptides (NPs) and three distinct receptors have been identified, which have advanced our knowledge towards understanding the control of high blood pressure, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders to a great extent. Biochemical and molecular studies have been advanced to examine receptor function and signaling mechanisms and the role of second messenger cGMP in pathophysiology of hypertension, renal hemodynamics, and cardiovascular functions. The development of gene-knockout and gene-duplication mouse models along with transgenic mice have provided a framework for understanding the importance of the antagonistic actions of natriuretic peptides receptor in cardiovascular events at the molecular level. Now, NPs are considered as circulating markers of congestive heart failure, however, their therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, renal insufficiency, cardiac hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and stroke has just begun to unfold. Indeed, the alternative avenues of investigations in this important are need to be undertaken, as we are at the initial stage of the molecular therapeutic and pharmacogenomic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
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Nitric oxide synthase and cyclic GMP signaling in cardiac myocytes: from contractility to remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:330-40. [PMID: 21843527 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine 3'5'monophosphate (cGMP) is the common downstream second messenger of natriuretic peptides and nitric oxide. In cardiac myocytes, the physiological effects of cGMP are exerted through the activation of protein kinase G (PKG) signaling, and the activation and/or inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), providing an integration point between cAMP and cGMP signals. Specificity of cGMP signals is achieved through compartmentalization of cGMP synthesis by guanylate cyclases, and cGMP hydrolysis by PDEs. Increasing evidence suggests that cGMP-dependent signaling pathways play an important role in inhibiting cardiac remodeling, through the inhibition Ca(2+) handling upstream of pathological Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathways. Thus, enhancing cardiac myocyte cGMP signaling represents a promising therapeutic target for treatment of cardiovascular disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Local Signaling in Myocytes."
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Pandey KN. Guanylyl cyclase / atrial natriuretic peptide receptor-A: role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular regulation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:557-73. [PMID: 21815745 DOI: 10.1139/y11-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), also known as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is an endogenous and potent hypotensive hormone that elicits natriuretic, diuretic, vasorelaxant, and anti-proliferative effects, which are important in the control of blood pressure and cardiovascular events. One principal locus involved in the regulatory action of ANP and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is guanylyl cyclase / natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA). Studies on ANP, BNP, and their receptor, GC-A/NPRA, have greatly increased our knowledge of the control of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Cellular, biochemical, and molecular studies have helped to delineate the receptor function and signaling mechanisms of NPRA. Gene-targeted and transgenic mouse models have advanced our understanding of the importance of ANP, BNP, and GC-A/NPRA in disease states at the molecular level. Importantly, ANP and BNP are used as critical markers of cardiac events; however, their therapeutic potentials for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and stroke have just begun to be realized. We are now just at the initial stage of molecular therapeutics and pharmacogenomic advancement of the natriuretic peptides. More investigations should be undertaken and ongoing ones be extended in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, SL-39 Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, LA 70112, New Orleans, USA.
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Misono KS, Philo JS, Arakawa T, Ogata CM, Qiu Y, Ogawa H, Young HS. Structure, signaling mechanism and regulation of the natriuretic peptide receptor guanylate cyclase. FEBS J 2011; 278:1818-29. [PMID: 21375693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the homologous B-type natriuretic peptide are cardiac hormones that dilate blood vessels and stimulate natriuresis and diuresis, thereby lowering blood pressure and blood volume. ANP and B-type natriuretic peptide counterbalance the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and neurohormonal systems, and play a central role in cardiovascular regulation. These activities are mediated by natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA), a single transmembrane segment, guanylyl cyclase (GC)-linked receptor that occurs as a homodimer. Here, we present an overview of the structure, possible chloride-mediated regulation and signaling mechanism of NPRA and other receptor GCs. Earlier, we determined the crystal structures of the NPRA extracellular domain with and without bound ANP. Their structural comparison has revealed a novel ANP-induced rotation mechanism occurring in the juxtamembrane region that apparently triggers transmembrane signal transduction. More recently, the crystal structures of the dimerized catalytic domain of green algae GC Cyg12 and that of cyanobacterium GC Cya2 have been reported. These structures closely resemble that of the adenylyl cyclase catalytic domain, consisting of a C1 and C2 subdomain heterodimer. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by binding of G(s)α to C2 and the ensuing 7° rotation of C1 around an axis parallel to the central cleft, thereby inducing the heterodimer to adopt a catalytically active conformation. We speculate that, in NPRA, the ANP-induced rotation of the juxtamembrane domains, transmitted across the transmembrane helices, may induce a similar rotation in each of the dimerized GC catalytic domains, leading to the stimulation of the GC catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio S Misono
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Pandey KN. The functional genomics of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A: perspectives and paradigms. FEBS J 2011; 278:1792-807. [PMID: 21375691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac hormones atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide (brain natriuretic peptide) activate guanylyl cyclase (GC)-A/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) and produce the second messenger cGMP. GC-A/NPRA is a member of the growing family of GC receptors. The recent biochemical, molecular and genomic studies on GC-A/NPRA have provided important insights into the regulation and functional activity of this receptor protein, with a particular emphasis on cardiac and renal protective roles in hypertension and cardiovascular disease states. The progress in this field of research has significantly strengthened and advanced our knowledge about the critical roles of Npr1 (coding for GC-A/NPRA) in the control of fluid volume, blood pressure, cardiac remodeling, and other physiological functions and pathological states. Overall, this review attempts to provide insights and to delineate the current concepts in the field of functional genomics and signaling of GC-A/NPRA in hypertension and cardiovascular disease states at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Pandey KN, Vellaichamy E. Regulation of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin AT1 receptor gene expression in Npr1 gene-disrupted mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:e70-7. [PMID: 19843097 PMCID: PMC4317343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in the control of blood pressure and fluid volume is a key issue in cardiovascular medicine. Guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) signalling antagonizes the physiological and pathophysiological effects mediated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. 2. The targeted-disruption of the Npr1 gene (coding for GC-A/PRA) leads to activation of the cardiac RAAS involved in the hypertrophic remodelling process, which influences cardiac size, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and the behaviour of various hypertrophy marker genes. The Npr1 gene-knockout (Npr1(-/-)) mice exhibit 35-40 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure and a significantly greater heart weight to bodyweight ratio than wild-type (Npr1(+/+)) mice. 3. The expression of both angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II AT(1a) receptors are significantly increased in hearts from Npr1(-/-) mice compared with hearts from Npr1(+/+) mice. In parallel, the expression of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha is also markedly increased in hearts from Npr1(-/-) mice. 4. These findings indicate that disruption of NPRA/cGMP signalling leads to augmented expression of the cardiac RAAS in conjunction with pro-inflammatory cytokines in Npr1-null mutant mice, which promotes the development of cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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Cardiac mast cells regulate myocyte ANP release via histamine H2 receptor in beating rabbit atria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 155:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kuhn M. Function and dysfunction of mammalian membrane guanylyl cyclase receptors: lessons from genetic mouse models and implications for human diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2009:47-69. [PMID: 19089325 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-68964-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Besides soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC), the receptor for NO, there are seven plasma membrane forms of guanylyl cyclase (GC) receptors, enzymes that synthesize the second-messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP). All membrane GCs (GC-A to GC-G) share a basic topology, which consists of an extracellular ligand binding domain, a short transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain that contains the catalytic (GC) region. Although the presence of the extracellular domain suggests that all these enzymes function as receptors, specific ligands have been identified for only four of them (GC-A through GC-D). GC-A mediates the endocrine effects of atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides regulating arterial blood pressure and volume homeostasis and also local antihypertrophic and antifibrotic actions in the heart. GC-B, the specific receptor for C-type natriuretic peptide, has a critical role in endochondral ossification. GC-C mediates the effects of guanylin and uroguanylin on intestinal electrolyte and water transport and epithelial cell growth and differentiation. GC-E and GC-F are colocalized within the same photoreceptor cells of the retina and have an important role in phototransduction. Finally, GC-D and GC-G appear to be pseudogenes in the human. In rodents, GC-D is exclusively expressed in the olfactory neuroepithelium, with chemosensory functions. GC-G is the last member of the membrane GC form to be identified. No other mammalian transmembrane GCs are predicted on the basis of gene sequence repositories. In contrast to the other orphan receptor GCs, GC-G has a broad tissue distribution in rodents, including the lung, intestine, kidney, skeletal muscle, and sperm, raising the possibility that there is another yet to be discovered family of cGMP-generating ligands. This chapter reviews the structure and functions of membrane GCs, with special focus on the insights gained to date from genetically modified mice and the role of alterations of these ligand/receptor systems in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhn
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, Würzburg, 97070, Germany.
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Kilić A, Javadov S, Karmazyn M. Estrogen exerts concentration-dependent pro-and anti-hypertrophic effects on adult cultured ventricular myocytes. Role of NHE-1 in estrogen-induced hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 46:360-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The term cardiodynamics refers to dynamic events associated with cardiac contraction and relaxation. The occurring wave of excitement spreads very quickly along the entire atrial musculature and after a brief AV retention it affects all muscle cells of the ventricles. Excitation, that is, the increase in action potentials, precedes the contraction of the myocardium, which follows the 'all or none' rule. Each contraction results in relaxation of the myocardium, so that the contraction and relaxation cycles continually follow each other in succession. The entire cardiodynamics, hemodinamics, i.e. signaling mechanisms of the heart are altered in the remodeling (alternation) condition of the left ventricular myocardium, i.e. the musculature and the whole arterial wall. Remodeling of the cardiac wall and layers of the arterial wall is a negative factor, because it leads to disturbances of the cardiac contraction and relaxation cycles and incites progression of the arterial hypertension, emergence of atherosclerosis and arterial stenosis. Today, the genetic base of the cardiac remodeling is the object of intensive studies. Cardiomyopathies are primary disorders of the myocardium associated with abnormalities of the cardiac wall thickness, the size of chambers, contractions, relaxations, signal conduct and rhythm. They are the major cause of morbidity and mortality for all age groups. Mechanisms of these events on the molecular level will be discussed in the following study.
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Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Adler T, Aguilar Pimentel A, Becker L, Bolle I, Calzada-Wack J, Dalke C, Ehrhardt N, Ferwagner B, Hans W, Hölter SM, Hölzlwimmer G, Horsch M, Javaheri A, Kallnik M, Kling E, Lengger C, Mörth C, Mossbrugger I, Naton B, Prehn C, Puk O, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Schrewe A, Thiele F, Adamski J, Aigner B, Behrendt H, Busch DH, Favor J, Graw J, Heldmaier G, Ivandic B, Katus H, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Kremmer E, Ollert M, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Schulz H, Wolf E, Wurst W, de Angelis MH. Systemic first-line phenotyping. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 530:463-509. [PMID: 19266331 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-471-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the completion of the mouse genome sequence an essential task for biomedical sciences in the twenty-first century will be the generation and functional analysis of mouse models for every gene in the mammalian genome. More than 30,000 mutations in ES cells will be engineered and thousands of mouse disease models will become available over the coming years by the collaborative effort of the International Mouse Knockout Consortium. In order to realize the full value of the mouse models proper characterization, archiving and dissemination of mouse disease models to the research community have to be performed. Phenotyping centers (mouse clinics) provide the necessary capacity, broad expertise, equipment, and infrastructure to carry out large-scale systemic first-line phenotyping. Using the example of the German Mouse Clinic (GMC) we will introduce the reader to the different aspects of the organization of a mouse clinic and present selected methods used in first-line phenotyping.
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Karmazyn M, Kilić A, Javadov S. The role of NHE-1 in myocardial hypertrophy and remodelling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 44:647-53. [PMID: 18329039 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Na-H exchange (NHE) is the primary process by which the cardiac cell extrudes protons particularly under conditions of intracellular acidosis. Nine isoforms of NHE have now been identified. Although these antiporters are expressed in virtually all tissues, cardiac cells posses primarily the ubiquitous NHE-1 subtype. It has been well established that NHE-1 is a major contributor to acute ischemic and reperfusion injury although it is now emerging that NHE-1 contributes to chronic maladaptive myocardial responses to injury such as post-infarction myocardial remodelling and likely contributes to the development of heart failure. Experimental studies using both in vitro approaches as well as animal models of heart failure have consistently demonstrated a beneficial effect of NHE-1 inhibitors in attenuating hypertrophy in response to various stimuli as well as inhibiting heart failure in a variety of animal models representing experimentally-induced or genetic models of heart failure. The beneficial effects of NHE-1 inhibitors occur independently of infarct size reduction or on any direct effects on afterload thus implicating a direct antiremodelling influence of these agents. It is proposed that NHE-1 inhibition represents a potentially effective new therapeutic approach for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Karmazyn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Forte LR. Atriopeptins: protection from myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure. Endocrinology 2007; 148:4160-1. [PMID: 17699682 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Ralph Forte
- The Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Medical Research Service, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA.
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