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Wiggins DA, Maxwell JN, Nelson DE. Exploring the role of CITED transcriptional regulators in the control of macrophage polarization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365718. [PMID: 38646545 PMCID: PMC11032013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are tissue resident innate phagocytic cells that take on contrasting phenotypes, or polarization states, in response to the changing combination of microbial and cytokine signals at sites of infection. During the opening stages of an infection, macrophages adopt the proinflammatory, highly antimicrobial M1 state, later shifting to an anti-inflammatory, pro-tissue repair M2 state as the infection resolves. The changes in gene expression underlying these transitions are primarily governed by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) transcription factors, the activity of which must be carefully controlled to ensure an effective yet spatially and temporally restricted inflammatory response. While much of this control is provided by pathway-specific feedback loops, recent work has shown that the transcriptional co-regulators of the CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with glutamic acid/aspartic acid-rich carboxy-terminal domain (CITED) family serve as common controllers for these pathways. In this review, we describe how CITED proteins regulate polarization-associated gene expression changes by controlling the ability of transcription factors to form chromatin complexes with the histone acetyltransferase, CBP/p300. We will also cover how differences in the interactions between CITED1 and 2 with CBP/p300 drive their contrasting effects on pro-inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David E. Nelson
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States
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2
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Dashti P, Lewallen EA, Gordon JAR, Montecino MA, Davie JR, Stein GS, van Leeuwen JPTM, van der Eerden BCJ, van Wijnen AJ. Epigenetic regulators controlling osteogenic lineage commitment and bone formation. Bone 2024; 181:117043. [PMID: 38341164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone formation and homeostasis are controlled by environmental factors and endocrine regulatory cues that initiate intracellular signaling pathways capable of modulating gene expression in the nucleus. Bone-related gene expression is controlled by nucleosome-based chromatin architecture that limits the accessibility of lineage-specific gene regulatory DNA sequences and sequence-specific transcription factors. From a developmental perspective, bone-specific gene expression must be suppressed during the early stages of embryogenesis to prevent the premature mineralization of skeletal elements during fetal growth in utero. Hence, bone formation is initially inhibited by gene suppressive epigenetic regulators, while other epigenetic regulators actively support osteoblast differentiation. Prominent epigenetic regulators that stimulate or attenuate osteogenesis include lysine methyl transferases (e.g., EZH2, SMYD2, SUV420H2), lysine deacetylases (e.g., HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC7, SIRT1, SIRT3), arginine methyl transferases (e.g., PRMT1, PRMT4/CARM1, PRMT5), dioxygenases (e.g., TET2), bromodomain proteins (e.g., BRD2, BRD4) and chromodomain proteins (e.g., CBX1, CBX2, CBX5). This narrative review provides a broad overview of the covalent modifications of DNA and histone proteins that involve hundreds of enzymes that add, read, or delete these epigenetic modifications that are relevant for self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, skeletal stem cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Dashti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Martin A Montecino
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, Chile
| | - James R Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Mosca MJ, He Z, Ricarte FR, Le Henaff C, Partridge NC. Differential Effects of PTH (1-34), PTHrP (1-36), and Abaloparatide on the Murine Osteoblast Transcriptome. J Endocr Soc 2023; 8:bvad156. [PMID: 38155918 PMCID: PMC10753291 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Teriparatide (PTH (1-34)), PTHrP (1-36), and abaloparatide (ABL) have been used for the treatment of osteoporosis, but their efficacy long term is significantly limited. The 3 peptides exert time- and dose-dependent differential responses in osteoblasts, leading us to hypothesize they may also differentially modulate the osteoblast transcriptome. Treatment of mouse calvarial osteoblasts with 1 nM of the peptides for 4 hours results in RNA sequencing data with PTH (1-34) regulating 367 genes, including 194 unique genes; PTHrP (1-36) regulating 117 genes, including 15 unique genes; and ABL regulating 179 genes, including 20 unique genes. There were 83 genes shared among all 3 peptides. Gene ontology analyses showed similarities in Wnt signaling, cAMP-mediated signaling, ossification, but differences in morphogenesis of a branching structure in biological processes; receptor ligand activity, transcription factor activity, and cytokine receptor/binding activity in molecular functions. The peptides increased Vdr, Cited1, and Pde10a messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in a pattern similar to Rankl, that is, PTH (1-34) greater than ABL greater than PTHrP (1-36). mRNA abundance of other genes, including Wnt4, Wnt7, Wnt11, Sfrp4, Dkk1, Kcnk10, Hdac4, Epn3, Tcf7, Crem, Fzd5, Ppp2r2a, and Dvl3, showed that some genes were regulated similarly by all 3 peptides; others were not. Finally, small interfering RNA knockdowns of SIK1/2/3 and CRTC1/2/3 in PTH (1-34)-treated cells revealed that Vdr and Wnt4 genes are regulated by salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) and CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivators (CRTCs), while others are not. Although many studies have examined PTH signaling in the osteoblast/osteocyte, ours is the first to compare the global effects of these peptides on the osteoblast transcriptome or to analyze the roles of the SIKs and CRTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mosca
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Zhiming He
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Florante R Ricarte
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Carole Le Henaff
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Mosca MJ, He Z, Ricarte FR, Le Henaff C, Partridge NC. Differential effects of PTH (1-34), PTHrP (1-36) and abaloparatide on the murine osteoblast transcriptome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523646. [PMID: 37645806 PMCID: PMC10461920 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Teriparatide (PTH(1-34)) and its analogs, PTHrP(1-36) and abaloparatide (ABL) have been used for the treatment of osteoporosis, but their efficacy over long-term use is significantly limited. The 3 peptides exert time- and dose-dependent differential responses in osteoblasts, leading us to hypothesize that they may also differentially modulate the osteoblast transcriptome. We show that treatment of mouse calvarial osteoblasts with 1 nM of the 3 peptides for 4 h results in RNA-Seq data with PTH(1-34) regulating 367 genes, including 194 unique genes; PTHrP(1-36) regulating 117 genes, including 15 unique genes; and ABL regulating 179 genes, including 20 unique genes. There were 83 genes shared among all 3 peptides. Gene ontology analyses showed differences in Wnt signaling, cAMP-mediated signaling, bone mineralization, morphogenesis of a branching structure in biological processes; receptor ligand activity, transcription factor activity, cytokine receptor/binding activity and many other actions in molecular functions. The 3 peptides increased Vdr, Cited1 and Pde10a mRNAs in a pattern similar to Rankl , i.e., PTH(1-34) > ABL > PTHrP(1-36). mRNA abundance of other genes based on gene/pathway analyses, including Wnt4, Wnt7, Wnt11, Sfrp4, Dkk1, Kcnk10, Hdac4, Epha3, Tcf7, Crem, Fzd5, Pp2r2a , and Dvl3 showed that some genes were regulated similarly by all 3 peptides; others were not. Finally, siRNA knockdowns of SIK1/2/3 and CRTC1/2/3 in PTH(1-34)-treated cells revealed that Vdr and Wnt4 genes are regulated by SIKs and CRTCs, while others are not. Although many studies have examined PTH signaling in the osteoblast/osteocyte, ours is the first to examine the global effects of these peptides on the osteoblast transcriptome. Further delineation of which signaling events are attributable to PTH(1-34), PTHrP(1-36) or ABL exclusively and which are shared among all 3 will help improve our understanding of the effects these peptides have on the osteoblast and lead to the refinement of PTH-derived treatments for osteoporosis.
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Swami S, Zhu H, Nisco A, Kimura T, Kim MJ, Nair V, Wu JY. Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor signaling mediates breast cancer metastasis to bone in mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:157390. [PMID: 36692956 PMCID: PMC10077472 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are a common complication of breast cancer. We have demonstrated that intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH[1-34]) reduces the incidence of bone metastases in murine models of breast cancer by acting on osteoblasts to alter the bone microenvironment. Here, we examined the role of signaling mediated by PTH 1 receptor (PTH1R) in both osteoblasts and breast cancer cells in influencing bone metastases. In mice with impaired PTH1R signaling in osteoblasts, intermittent PTH did not reduce bone metastasis. Intermittent PTH also did not reduce bone metastasis when expression of PTH1R was knocked down in 4T1 murine breast cancer cells by shRNA. In 4T1 breast cancer cells, PTH decreased expression of PTH-related protein (PTHrP), implicated in the vicious cycle of bone metastases. Knockdown of PTHrP in 4T1 cells significantly reduced migration toward MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, and migration was further inhibited by treatment with intermittent PTH. Conversely, overexpression of PTHrP in 4T1 cells increased migration toward MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, and this was not inhibited by PTH. In conclusion, PTH1R expression is crucial in both osteoblasts and breast cancer cells for PTH to reduce bone metastases, and in breast cancer cells, this may be mediated in part by suppression of PTHrP.
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Subramani A, Hite MEL, Garcia S, Maxwell J, Kondee H, Millican GE, McClelland EE, Seipelt-Thiemann RL, Nelson DE. Regulation of macrophage IFNγ-stimulated gene expression by the transcriptional coregulator CITED1. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260529. [PMID: 36594555 PMCID: PMC10112972 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages serve as a first line of defense against microbial pathogens. Exposure to interferon-γ (IFNγ) increases interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in these cells, resulting in enhanced antimicrobial and proinflammatory activity. Although this response must be sufficiently vigorous to ensure the successful clearance of pathogens, it must also be carefully regulated to prevent tissue damage. This is controlled in part by CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with glutamic acid/aspartic acid-rich carboxyl-terminal domain 2 (CITED2), a transcriptional coregulator that limits ISG expression by inhibiting STAT1 and IRF1. Here, we show that the closely related Cited1 is an ISG, which is expressed in a STAT1-dependent manner, and that IFNγ stimulates the nuclear accumulation of CITED1 protein. In contrast to CITED2, ectopic CITED1 enhanced the expression of a subset of ISGs, including Ccl2, Ifit3b, Isg15 and Oas2. This effect was reversed in a Cited1-null cell line produced by CRISPR-based genomic editing. Collectively, these data show that CITED1 maintains proinflammatory gene expression during periods of prolonged IFNγ exposure and suggest that there is an antagonistic relationship between CITED proteins in the regulation of macrophage inflammatory function. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Subramani
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Maria E. L. Hite
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Sarah Garcia
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Jack Maxwell
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Hursha Kondee
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Grace E. Millican
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Erin E. McClelland
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | | | - David E. Nelson
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
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7
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Cousminer DL, Wagley Y, Pippin JA, Elhakeem A, Way GP, Pahl MC, McCormack SE, Chesi A, Mitchell JA, Kindler JM, Baird D, Hartley A, Howe L, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Lu S, Leonard ME, Johnson ME, Hakonarson H, Gilsanz V, Shepherd JA, Oberfield SE, Greene CS, Kelly A, Lawlor DA, Voight BF, Wells AD, Zemel BS, Hankenson KD, Grant SFA. Genome-wide association study implicates novel loci and reveals candidate effector genes for longitudinal pediatric bone accrual. Genome Biol 2021; 22:1. [PMID: 33397451 PMCID: PMC7780623 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone accrual impacts lifelong skeletal health, but genetic discovery has been primarily limited to cross-sectional study designs and hampered by uncertainty about target effector genes. Here, we capture this dynamic phenotype by modeling longitudinal bone accrual across 11,000 bone scans in a cohort of healthy children and adolescents, followed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and variant-to-gene mapping with functional follow-up. RESULTS We identify 40 loci, 35 not previously reported, with various degrees of supportive evidence, half residing in topological associated domains harboring known bone genes. Of several loci potentially associated with later-life fracture risk, a candidate SNP lookup provides the most compelling evidence for rs11195210 (SMC3). Variant-to-gene mapping combining ATAC-seq to assay open chromatin with high-resolution promoter-focused Capture C identifies contacts between GWAS loci and nearby gene promoters. siRNA knockdown of gene expression supports the putative effector gene at three specific loci in two osteoblast cell models. Finally, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we confirm that the immediate genomic region harboring the putative causal SNP influences PRPF38A expression, a location which is predicted to coincide with a set of binding sites for relevant transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS Using a new longitudinal approach, we expand the number of genetic loci putatively associated with pediatric bone gain. Functional follow-up in appropriate cell models finds novel candidate genes impacting bone accrual. Our data also raise the possibility that the cell fate decision between osteogenic and adipogenic lineages is important in normal bone accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gregory P Way
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shana E McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Kindler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denis Baird
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - April Hartley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joan M Lappe
- Department of Medicine and College of Nursing, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NB, USA
| | - Sumei Lu
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle E Leonard
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John A Shepherd
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Science, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zheng R, Liu H, Gu J, Ni B, Sun H, Guo Y, Su C, He K, Du J, Shao Y. Upregulated microRNA‑330‑3p promotes calcification in the bicuspid aortic valve via targeting CREBBP. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2351-2363. [PMID: 32705274 PMCID: PMC7411470 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One key risk factor of aortic valve stenosis in clinical practice is bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Increasing evidence indicates that numerous microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) are involved in BAV calcification via their target genes. miR-330-3p was found to be involved in the deterioration of BAV calcification by miR profiling in human calcified BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) tissues in the present study and the underlying mechanism was investigated. RNA sequencing was performed on four BAV and four TAV tissues from patients with aortic stenosis before these leaflets were examined for the expression levels of miR-330-3p and CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) by reverse transcription-PCR. The alteration of functional factors associated with calcification was also assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in human aortic tissue samples. The putative target of miR-330-3p was detected by dual-luciferase assay in 293 cells. Furthermore, the influence of miR-330-3p expression on osteogenic progression was explored in cultured porcine valve interstitial cells (VICs). Rescue experiments of CRBBP were performed to confirm the influence of the miR-330-3p-CREBBP pathway in the calcification progress in porcine VICs. RNA sequencing indicated distinct expression of miR-330-3p in human BAV tissues compared with TAV, which was then confirmed by PCR. CREBBP expression levels in human BAV and TAV leaflets also demonstrated the opposite alterations. This negative correlation was then confirmed in cultured porcine VICs. Under an osteogenic environment, cellular calcification was promoted in miR-330-3p-overexpressed porcine VICs expressing higher bone morphogenetic protein 2, Runt-related transcription factor 2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and collagen I compared with controls. Rescue experiments further confirmed that miR-330-3p played its role via targeting CREBBP in porcine VICs. Collectively, miR-330-3p was upregulated in calcified BAV compared with TAV. The upregulation of miR-330-3p promotes the calcification progress partially via targeting CREBBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxi Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Buqing Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Haoliang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yaojun Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Keshuai He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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9
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Kosugi K, Tajima T, Menuki K, Okuma KF, Tokuda K, Fukuda H, Okada Y, Tsukamoto M, Yamanaka Y, Zenke Y, Sakai A. Disruption of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene increases the bone anabolic response to intermittent PTH treatment in an ovariectomized mouse model. Bone 2020; 136:115370. [PMID: 32325250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the enzyme that oxidizes the acetaldehyde produced by alcohol metabolism. This variant not only affects the response to alcohol but is also associated with several diseases, such as esophageal cancer, myocardial infarction, and particularly osteoporosis. In our previous study, we reported that compared to wild-type (WT) mice, Aldh2 knockout (KO) mice naturally have a strong bone formation ability, and high expression of parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR1) in osteocytes. The effect of the Aldh2 gene on bone metabolism in response to intermittent PTH treatment is unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of the Aldh2 gene on the bone anabolic response to intermittent PTH treatment in ovariectomized mice. Female KO and WT mice were ovariectomized at 8 weeks of age. At 14 weeks of age, the KO and WT mice were divided into vehicle-treated (Veh) and PTH-treated (PTH) groups (i.e., the WT-Veh, WT-PTH, KO-Veh and KO-PTH groups). PTH (1-34) and vehicle were subcutaneously administered to each group at a dose of 40 μg/kg body weight (BW) five times per week for 4 weeks. Micro-CT showed that the bone volume (BV), trabecular number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.D), and cortical thickness (Ct.Th) values in the KO-PTH mice were significantly higher than those in the KO-Veh mice. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the BV, Tb.N, and mineral apposition rate (MAR) values in the KO-PTH group were significantly higher than those in the KO-Veh group. The mRNA expression level of PTHR1 in the KO-PTH group was significantly increased and that of p21 in the KO-PTH group was significantly decreased compared with the levels in the KO-Veh group. The expression of PTHR in osteocytes from the KO-PTH group was also significantly increased compared with that in osteocytes from the KO-Veh group. Furthermore, cell cultures revealed that the ALP+CFU-f/total CFU-f percentage was significantly higher in the KO-PTH group than in the KO-Veh group. We concluded that in ovariectomized Aldh2 KO mice, the bone anabolic response to intermittent PTH treatment was significantly enhanced compared to that in WT mice, which may be mediated by the high expression level of PTHR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kosugi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Kunitaka Menuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitakyushu Municipal Yahata Hospital, 2-6-2 Ogura, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu 805-8534, Japan
| | - Kayoko Furukawa Okuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tokuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hokuto Fukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yukichi Zenke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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10
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He Y, Li M, Tong G, Meng Y, Hao S, Hu S, Yan W, Yang D. hPTH(3-34)(29-34) selectively activated PKC and mimicked osteoanabolic effects of hPTH(1-34). Bone 2020; 135:115326. [PMID: 32200023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Teriparatide (hPTH(1-34)) exhibits both osteoanabolic and osteocatabolic effects. We generated a novel PTH analog by duplicating the PTH(29-34) domain to hPTH(3-34) (named MY-1), which was identified to activate PKC but not PLC and cAMP/PKA signaling. It increased osteo-differentiation but did not affect osteoclastogenesis and RANKL expression in primary osteoblasts or bone marrow cells. MY-1 and hPTH(1-34) increased the synthesis and decreased the degradation οf β-catenin protein in osteoblasts, while PKC inhibitor blunted such effects. In vivo results indicated that intermittent MY-1 and hPTH(1-34) prevented bone loss in ovariectomized mice, and that MY-1 infusion increased bone volume in normal mice. Histological analysis observed more osteoclasts surrounding the cancellous bone surface in hPTH(1-34), but not MY-1 treated mice. We conclude that MY-1 mimicked the osteoanabolic but not the osteocatabolic effects of hPTH(1-34), which is related to PKC and β-catenin signaling. Such anabolic-only analog provides a new strategy to study PTH's versatile functions and design new medicines to treat osteoporosis and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua He
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minghan Li
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guojun Tong
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Meng
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Song Hao
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Dehong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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11
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Zhu H, Swami S, Yang P, Shapiro F, Wu JY. Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Functional Osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:698-713. [PMID: 31793059 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although induced pluripotent stem cells hold promise as a potential source of osteoblasts for skeletal regeneration, the induction of pluripotency followed by directed differentiation into osteoblasts is time consuming and low yield. In contrast, direct lineage reprogramming without an intervening stem/progenitor cell stage would be a more efficient approach to generate osteoblasts. We screened combinations of osteogenic transcription factors and identified four factors, Runx2, Osx, Dlx5, and ATF4, that rapidly and efficiently reprogram mouse fibroblasts derived from 2.3 kb type I collagen promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (Col2.3GFP) transgenic mice into induced osteoblast cells (iOBs). iOBs exhibit osteoblast morphology, form mineralized nodules, and express Col2.3GFP and gene markers of osteoblast differentiation. The global transcriptome profiles validated that iOBs resemble primary osteoblasts. Genomewide DNA methylation analysis demonstrates that within differentially methylated loci, the methylation status of iOBs more closely resembles primary osteoblasts than mouse fibroblasts. We further demonstrate that Col2.3GFP+ iOBs have transcriptome profiles similar to GFP+ cells harvested from Col2.3GFP mouse bone chips. Functionally, Col2.3GFP+ iOBs form mineralized bone structures after subcutaneous implantation in immunodeficient mice and contribute to bone healing in a tibia bone fracture model. These findings provide an approach to derive and study osteoblasts for skeletal regeneration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Srilatha Swami
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pinglin Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Frederic Shapiro
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Identification of a key gene module associated with glucocorticoid- induced derangement in bone mineral density in patients with asthma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20133. [PMID: 31882850 PMCID: PMC6934743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Derangement in bone mineral density (BMD) caused by glucocorticoid is well-known. The present study aimed to find key biological pathways associated with low BMD after glucocorticoid treatment in asthmatics using gene expression profiles of peripheral blood cells. We utilized immortalized B cells (IBCs) from 32 childhood asthmatics after multiple oral glucocorticoid bursts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 17 adult asthmatics after a long-term use of oral glucocorticoid. We searched co-expressed gene modules significantly related with the BMD Z score in childhood asthmatics and tested if these gene modules were preserved and significantly associated with the BMD Z score in adult asthmatics as well. We identified a gene module composed of 199 genes significantly associated with low BMD in both childhood and adult asthmatics. The structure of this module was preserved across gene expression profiles. We found that the cellular metabolic pathway was significantly enriched in this module. Among 18 hub genes in this module, we postulated that 2 genes, CREBBP and EP300, contributed to low BMD following a literature review. A novel biologic pathway identified in this study highlighted a gene module and several genes as playing possible roles in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid- induced derangement in BMD.
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13
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Li W, Yuan L, Tong G, He Y, Meng Y, Hao S, Chen J, Guo J, Bringhurst R, Yang D. Phospholipase C signaling activated by parathyroid hormone mediates the rapid osteoclastogenesis in the fracture healing of orchiectomized mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:311. [PMID: 30157832 PMCID: PMC6116492 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The age-related osteoporosis is an increasing risk severely threatening the live quality of aged people. Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) is applied to the therapy of osteoporosis successfully, however, the mechanism, especially the signaling pathway activated in the healing fracture by PTH is still unknown. Methods The once daily injections of hPTH(1–34) and GR (1–34) (the PLC deficient analog) into the orchiectomized male mice with bone fracture, were started at the second day after fracture and lasted for 4 weeks. To explore the role of phospholipase C signaling in the androgen-deficient fracture healing, the fracture healing were evaluated via radiography, micro-CT, biomechanics testing, serum biochemistry, bone marrow cell culture and gene expression quantification. Results After two weeks of fracture, both peptides significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD), bone mass content (BMC) and bone volume (BV/TV) in the healing area. However, compared to hPTH(1–34), GR(1–34) induced more woven bones, the higher BMC and BMD, as well as the less serum TRAP and osteoclasts. After four weeks of treatment, the effects of hPTH(1–34) on fracture healing showed no difference to those of GR(1–34). Consistently, GR(1–34) induced the similar osteogenesis but less osteoclastogenesis under the ex vivo condition immediately after administration compared to hPTH(1–34), which was verified by the weaker activation of RANKL, NFATC1, TRAP and Cathepsin K in GR(1–34) treatment. Conclusion These results indicated that the PLC signaling activated by the intermittent injection of hPTH(1–34) leads to the bone resorption by rapidly activating the osteoclastogenesis in the fracture healing zone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-018-2231-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guojun Tong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Youhua He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue Meng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Song Hao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianting Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Dehong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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14
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Tong G, Meng Y, Hao S, Hu S, He Y, Yan W, Yang D. Parathyroid Hormone Activates Phospholipase C (PLC)-Independent Protein Kinase C Signaling Pathway via Protein Kinase A (PKA)-Dependent Mechanism: A New Defined Signaling Route Would Induce Alternative Consideration to Previous Conceptions. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1896-1906. [PMID: 28424452 PMCID: PMC5407178 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an effective anti-osteoporosis agent, after binding to its receptor PTHR1, several signaling pathways, including cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC), are initiated through G proteins; with the cAMP/PKA pathway as the major pathway. Earlier studies have reported that PTHR1 might also activate PKC via a PLC-independent mechanism, but this pathway remains unclear. Material/Methods In HEK293 cells, cAMP accumulation was measured with ELISA and PKC was measured with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis using CKAR plasmid. In MC3T3-E1 cells, real-time PCR was performed to examine gene expressions. Then assays for cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization were performed. Results The FRET analysis found that PTH(1–34), [G1,R19]PTH(1–34) (GR(1–34), and [G1,R19]PTH(1–28) (GR(1–28) were all activated by PKC. The PKC activation ability of GR(1–28) was blocked by cAMP inhibitor (Rp-cAMP) and rescued with the addition of active PKA-α and PKA-β. The PKC activation ability of GR(1–34) was partially inhibited by Rp-cAMP. In MC3T3-E1 cells, gene expressions of ALP, CITED1, NR4a2, and OSX that was regulated by GR(1–28) were significantly changed by the pan-PKC inhibitor Go6983. After pretreatment with Rp-cAMP, the gene expressions of ALP, CITED1, and OPG were differentially regulated by GR(1–28) or GR(1–34), and the difference was blunted by Go6983. PTH(1–34), GR(1–28), and GR(1–34) significantly decreased early apoptosis and augmented osteoblastic differentiation in accordance with the activities of PKA and PKC. Conclusions PLC-independent PKC activation induced by PTH could be divided into two potential mechanisms: one was PKA-dependent and associated with PTH(1–28); the other was PKA-independent and associated with PTH(29–34). We also found that PTH could activate PLC-independent PKC via PKA-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Tong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Song Hao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Shaoyu Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Youhua He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Dehong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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15
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Chen X, Han T, Fisher JE, Harrouk W, Tassinari MS, Merry GE, Sloper D, Fuscoe JC, Hansen DK, Inselman AL. Transcriptomics analysis of early embryonic stem cell differentiation under osteoblast culture conditions: Applications for detection of developmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:75-83. [PMID: 28189605 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mouse embryonic stem cell test (mEST) is a promising in vitro assay for predicting developmental toxicity. In the current study, early differentiation of D3 mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) under osteoblast culture conditions and embryotoxicity of cadmium sulfate were examined. D3 mESCs were exposed to cadmium sulfate for 24, 48 or 72h, and whole genome transcriptional profiles were determined. The results indicate a track of differentiation was identified as mESCs differentiate. Biological processes that were associated with differentiation related genes included embryonic development and, specifically, skeletal system development. Cadmium sulfate inhibited mESC differentiation at all three time points. Functional pathway analysis indicated biological pathways affected included those related to skeletal development, renal and reproductive function. In summary, our results suggest that transcriptional profiles are a sensitive indicator of early mESC differentiation. Transcriptomics may improve the predictivity of the mEST by suggesting possible modes of action for tested chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Chen
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
| | - Tao Han
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
| | - J Edward Fisher
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
| | - Wafa Harrouk
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
| | - Melissa S Tassinari
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
| | - Gwenn E Merry
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
| | - Daniel Sloper
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
| | - James C Fuscoe
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
| | - Deborah K Hansen
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
| | - Amy L Inselman
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, United States.
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16
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Heckt T, Keller J, Peters S, Streichert T, Chalaris A, Rose-John S, Mell B, Joe B, Amling M, Schinke T. Parathyroid hormone induces expression and proteolytic processing of Rankl in primary murine osteoblasts. Bone 2016; 92:85-93. [PMID: 27554428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rankl, the major pro-osteoclastogenic cytokine, is synthesized as a transmembrane protein that can be cleaved by specific endopeptidases to release a soluble form (sRankl). We have previously reported that interleukin-33 (IL-33) induces expression of Tnfsf11, the Rankl-encoding gene, in primary osteoblasts, but we failed to detect sRankl in the medium. Since we also found that PTH treatment caused sRankl release in a similar experimental setting, we directly compared the influence of the two molecules. Here we show that treatment of primary murine osteoblasts with PTH causes sRankl release into the medium, whereas IL-33 only induces Tnfsf11 expression. This difference was not explainable by alternative splicing or by PTH-specific induction of endopeptidases previously shown to facilitate Rankl processing. Since sRankl release after PTH administration was blocked in the presence a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor, we applied genome-wide expression analyses to identify transcriptional targets of PTH in osteoblasts. We thereby confirmed some of the effects of PTH established in other systems, but additionally identified few PTH-induced genes encoding metalloproteases. By comparing expression of these genes following administration of IL-33, PTH and various other Tnfsf11-inducing molecules, we observed that PTH was the only molecule simultaneously inducing sRankl release and Adamts1 expression. The functional relevance of the putative influence of PTH on Rankl processing was further confirmed in vivo, as we found that daily injection of PTH into wildtype mice did not only increase bone formation, but also osteoclastogenesis and sRankl concentrations in the serum. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that transcriptional effects on Tnfsf11 expression do not generally trigger sRankl release and that PTH has a unique activity to promote the proteolytic processing of Rankl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Heckt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stephanie Peters
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Athena Chalaris
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany
| | - Blair Mell
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614-2598, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614-2598, United States
| | - Bina Joe
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614-2598, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614-2598, United States
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
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17
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Wein MN, Liang Y, Goransson O, Sundberg TB, Wang J, Williams EA, O'Meara MJ, Govea N, Beqo B, Nishimori S, Nagano K, Brooks DJ, Martins JS, Corbin B, Anselmo A, Sadreyev R, Wu JY, Sakamoto K, Foretz M, Xavier RJ, Baron R, Bouxsein ML, Gardella TJ, Divieti-Pajevic P, Gray NS, Kronenberg HM. SIKs control osteocyte responses to parathyroid hormone. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13176. [PMID: 27759007 PMCID: PMC5075806 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates receptors on osteocytes to orchestrate bone formation and resorption. Here we show that PTH inhibition of SOST (sclerostin), a WNT antagonist, requires HDAC4 and HDAC5, whereas PTH stimulation of RANKL, a stimulator of bone resorption, requires CRTC2. Salt inducible kinases (SIKs) control subcellular localization of HDAC4/5 and CRTC2. PTH regulates both HDAC4/5 and CRTC2 localization via phosphorylation and inhibition of SIK2. Like PTH, new small molecule SIK inhibitors cause decreased phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation of HDAC4/5 and CRTC2. SIK inhibition mimics many of the effects of PTH in osteocytes as assessed by RNA-seq in cultured osteocytes and following in vivo administration. Once daily treatment with the small molecule SIK inhibitor YKL-05-099 increases bone formation and bone mass. Therefore, a major arm of PTH signalling in osteocytes involves SIK inhibition, and small molecule SIK inhibitors may be applied therapeutically to mimic skeletal effects of PTH. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an endogenous hormone and osteoporosis therapeutic that suppresses sclerostin activity. Here the authors develop SIK inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools and use them to show that PTH-cAMP signalling in osteocytes inhibits SIK2 from driving Hdac4/5 nuclear shuttling to suppress sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yanke Liang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biologic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Olga Goransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Box 188, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas B Sundberg
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biologic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williams
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Maureen J O'Meara
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Nicolas Govea
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Belinda Beqo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Shigeki Nishimori
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, US
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Janaina S Martins
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Braden Corbin
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr a175, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Universite Paris Descartes Sorbonne Pairs Cite, Paris 75013, France
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, US
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Paola Divieti-Pajevic
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 100 E Newton Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biologic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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18
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Chen X, Yang M, Hao W, Han J, Ma J, Wang C, Sun S, Zheng Q. Differentiation-inducing and anti-proliferative activities of isoliquiritigenin and all-trans-retinoic acid on B16F0 melanoma cells: Mechanisms profiling by RNA-seq. Gene 2016; 592:86-98. [PMID: 27461947 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a cancer that arises from melanocytes, specialized pigmented cells that are found predominantly in the skin. The incidence of malignant melanoma has significantly increased over the last decade. With the development of therapy, the survival rate of some kind of cancer has been improved greatly. But the treatment of melanoma remains unsatisfactory. Much of melanoma's resistance to traditional chemotherapy is believed to arise intrinsically, by virtue of potent growth and cell survival-promoting genetic alteration. Therefore, significant attention has recently been focused on differentiation therapy, as well as differentiation inducer compounds. In previous study, we found isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a natural product extracted from licorice, could induce B16F0 melanoma cell differentiation. Here we investigated the transcriptional response of melanoma differentiation process induced by ISL and all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). Results showed that 390 genes involves in 201 biochemical pathways were differentially expressed in ISL treatment and 304 genes in 193 pathways in RA treatment. Differential expressed genes (DGEs, fold-change (FC)≥10) with the function of anti-proliferative and differentiation inducing indicated a loss of grade malignancy characteristic. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated glutathione metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway were the top three relative pathway perturbed by ISL, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was the most important pathway in RA treatment. In the analysis of hierarchical clustering of DEGs, we discovered 72 DEGs involved in the process of drug action. We thought Cited1, Tgm2, Xaf1, Cd59a, Fbxo2, Adh7 may have critical role in the differentiation of melanoma. The evidence displayed herein confirms the critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in melanoma pathobiology and provides evidence for future targets in the development of next-generation biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming Yang
- BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jichun Han
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China.
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19
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Gordon JAR, Stein JL, Westendorf JJ, van Wijnen AJ. Chromatin modifiers and histone modifications in bone formation, regeneration, and therapeutic intervention for bone-related disease. Bone 2015; 81:739-745. [PMID: 25836763 PMCID: PMC4591092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and different types of histone acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation are well-appreciated epigenetic mechanisms that confer information to progeny cells during lineage commitment. These distinct epigenetic modifications have defined roles in bone, development, tissue regeneration, cell commitment and differentiation, as well as disease etiologies. In this review, we discuss the role of these chromatin modifications and the enzymes regulating these marks (methyltransferases, demethylases, acetyltransferases, and deacetylases) in progenitor cells, osteoblasts and bone-related cells. In addition, the clinical relevance of deregulated histone modifications and enzymes as well as current and potential therapeutic interventions targeting chromatin modifiers are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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20
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Sinha P, Aarnisalo P, Chubb R, Poulton IJ, Guo J, Nachtrab G, Kimura T, Swami S, Saeed H, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Schipani E, Sims NA, Kronenberg HM, Wu JY. Loss of Gsα in the Postnatal Skeleton Leads to Low Bone Mass and a Blunted Response to Anabolic Parathyroid Hormone Therapy. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1631-1642. [PMID: 26598522 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an important regulator of osteoblast function and is the only anabolic therapy currently approved for treatment of osteoporosis. The PTH receptor (PTH1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that signals via multiple G proteins including Gsα. Mice expressing a constitutively active mutant PTH1R exhibited a dramatic increase in trabecular bone that was dependent upon expression of Gsα in the osteoblast lineage. Postnatal removal of Gsα in the osteoblast lineage (P-Gsα(OsxKO) mice) yielded markedly reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass. Treatment with anabolic PTH(1-34) (80 μg/kg/day) for 4 weeks failed to increase trabecular bone volume or cortical thickness in male and female P-Gsα(OsxKO) mice. Surprisingly, in both male and female mice, PTH administration significantly increased osteoblast numbers and bone formation rate in both control and P-Gsα(OsxKO) mice. In mice that express a mutated PTH1R that activates adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A (PKA) via Gsα but not phospholipase C via Gq/11 (D/D mice), PTH significantly enhanced bone formation, indicating that phospholipase C activation is not required for increased bone turnover in response to PTH. Therefore, although the anabolic effect of intermittent PTH treatment on trabecular bone volume is blunted by deletion of Gsα in osteoblasts, PTH can stimulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Together these findings suggest that alternative signaling pathways beyond Gsα and Gq/11 act downstream of PTH on osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sinha
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Piia Aarnisalo
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Laboratory Services, HUSLAB, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Rhiannon Chubb
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- St. Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Guo
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Gregory Nachtrab
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Takaharu Kimura
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Srilatha Swami
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Hamid Saeed
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Joy Y Wu
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,; Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305,.
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21
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Sinha P, Aarnisalo P, Chubb R, Ono N, Fulzele K, Selig M, Saeed H, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Pajevic PD, Kronenberg HM, Wu JY. Loss of Gsα early in the osteoblast lineage favors adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors and committed osteoblast precursors. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2414-26. [PMID: 24806274 PMCID: PMC4220542 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In humans, aging and glucocorticoid treatment are associated with reduced bone mass and increased marrow adiposity, suggesting that the differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes may be coordinately regulated. Within the bone marrow, both osteoblasts and adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal progenitor cells, but the mechanisms guiding the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors into osteoblast versus adipocyte lineages are not fully defined. The heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gs α activates protein kinase A signaling downstream of several G protein-coupled receptors including the parathyroid hormone receptor, and plays a crucial role in regulating bone mass. Here, we show that targeted ablation of Gs α in early osteoblast precursors, but not in differentiated osteocytes, results in a dramatic increase in bone marrow adipocytes. Mutant mice have reduced numbers of mesenchymal progenitors overall, with an increase in the proportion of progenitors committed to the adipocyte lineage. Furthermore, cells committed to the osteoblast lineage retain adipogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. These findings have clinical implications for developing therapeutic approaches to direct the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors into the osteoblast lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sinha
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piia Aarnisalo
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Laboratory Services (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rhiannon Chubb
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keertik Fulzele
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Selig
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hamid Saeed
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Joy Y Wu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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22
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Nuclear translocation of CBP/p300-interacting protein CITED1 induced by parathyroid hormone requires serine phosphorylation at position 79 in its 63-84 domain. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2436-45. [PMID: 25049079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional cofactor CITED1 inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and blunts the stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation by parathyroid hormone (PTH). In the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell line, we found that CITED1 was located predominantly in the cytoplasm and that hPTH(1-34) increased translocation of CITED1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. This response to hPTH(1-34) was not observed when all 9 serine residues within the 63-84 domain of CITED1 were mutated to alanines (CITED1 9S>A) or when a single serine to alanine mutation was made at position 79 (CITED1 S(79)>A). CITED1 containing mutations of these 9 serines to glutamic acid (9S>E) retained the same nuclear translocation response to hPTH(1-34) as the wild type CITED1. ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules were inhibited in cells transfected with pcDNA3-CFP-CITED1 or with pcDNA3-CFP-CITED1 9S>E with or without hPTH(1-34) treatment (all P<0.05); these changes were not observed using CITED1 9S>A. Cells exposed to intermittent treatment with hPTH(1-34) expressed more ALP2, Runx2 and osteocalcin than vehicle-treated cells. These effects of hPTH(1-34) were inhibited in cells transfected with pcDNA3-CFP-CITED1 or pcDNA3-CFP-CITED1 9S>E, but were slightly enhanced by the alanine mutants. PKC activator (TPA) increased nuclear translocation of CITED1, whereas a PKC inhibitor (Go6983) blunted the effect of hPTH(1-34) on the nuclear translocation of wildtype CITED1 but not of CITED1 S(79)>E. The data indicated that serine phosphorylation at position 79 in the 63-84 domain is associated with PKC activation, and is required for both CITED1 nuclear translocation induced by PTH and the negative effects of CITED1 on osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization.
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23
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Wu JY, Aarnisalo P, Bastepe M, Sinha P, Fulzele K, Selig MK, Chen M, Poulton IJ, Purton LE, Sims NA, Weinstein LS, Kronenberg HM. Gsα enhances commitment of mesenchymal progenitors to the osteoblast lineage but restrains osteoblast differentiation in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3492-504. [PMID: 21804192 DOI: 10.1172/jci46406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gsα stimulates cAMP-dependent signaling downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. In this study, we set out to determine the role of Gsα signaling in cells of the early osteoblast lineage in vivo by conditionally deleting Gsα from osterix-expressing cells. This led to severe osteoporosis with fractures at birth, a phenotype that was found to be the consequence of impaired bone formation rather than increased resorption. Osteoblast number was markedly decreased and osteogenic differentiation was accelerated, resulting in the formation of woven bone. Rapid differentiation of mature osteoblasts into matrix-embedded osteocytes likely contributed to depletion of the osteoblast pool. In addition, the number of committed osteoblast progenitors was diminished in both bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and calvarial cells of mutant mice. In the absence of Gsα, expression of sclerostin and dickkopf1 (Dkk1), inhibitors of canonical Wnt signaling, was markedly increased; this was accompanied by reduced Wnt signaling in the osteoblast lineage. In summary, we have shown that Gsα regulates bone formation by at least two distinct mechanisms: facilitating the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors to the osteoblast lineage in association with enhanced Wnt signaling; and restraining the differentiation of committed osteoblasts to enable production of bone of optimal mass, quality, and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Y Wu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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24
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Mariot V, Wu JY, Aydin C, Mantovani G, Mahon MJ, Linglart A, Bastepe M. Potent constitutive cyclic AMP-generating activity of XLαs implicates this imprinted GNAS product in the pathogenesis of McCune-Albright syndrome and fibrous dysplasia of bone. Bone 2011; 48:312-20. [PMID: 20887824 PMCID: PMC3021591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS), characterized primarily by hyperpigmented skin lesions, precocious puberty, and fibrous dyslasia of bone, carry postzygotic heterozygous mutations of GNAS causing constitutive cAMP signaling. GNAS encodes the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα), as well as a large variant (XLαs) derived from the paternal allele. The mutations causing MAS affect both GNAS products, but whether XLαs, like Gsα, can be involved in the pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we investigated biopsy samples from four previously reported and eight new patients with MAS. Activating mutations of GNAS (Arg201 with respect to the amino acid sequence of Gsα) were present in all the previously reported and five of the new cases. The mutation was detected within the paternally expressed XLαs transcript in five and the maternally expressed NESP55 transcript in four cases. Tissues carrying paternal mutations appeared to have higher XLαs mRNA levels than maternal mutations. The human XLαs mutant analogous to Gsα-R201H (XLαs-R543H) showed markedly higher basal cAMP accumulation than wild-type XLαs in transfected cells. Wild-type XLαs demonstrated higher basal and isoproterenol-induced cAMP signaling than Gsα and co-purified with Gβ1γ2 in transduced cells. XLαs mRNA was measurable in mouse calvarial cells, with its level being significantly higher in undifferentiated cells than those expressing preosteoblastic markers osterix and alkaline phosphatase. XLαs mRNA was also expressed in murine bone marrow stromal cells and preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Our findings are consistent with the possibility that constitutive XLαs activity adds to the molecular pathogenesis of MAS and fibrous dysplasia of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Mariot
- INSERM; Université Paris Descartes. U561, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Joy Y. Wu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cumhur Aydin
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Treatment, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, TURKEY
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, ITALY
| | - Matthew J. Mahon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Agnès Linglart
- INSERM; Université Paris Descartes. U561, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, 75014 Paris, France
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Endocrinologie-diabétologie pédiatrique et Centre de référence des maladies rares du métabolisme du calcium et du phosphore, Hôpital St-Vincent de Paul, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Murat Bastepe
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Xu M, Choudhary S, Voznesensky O, Gao Q, Adams D, Diaz-Doran V, Wu Q, Goltzman D, Raisz LG, Pilbeam CC. Basal bone phenotype and increased anabolic responses to intermittent parathyroid hormone in healthy male COX-2 knockout mice. Bone 2010; 47:341-52. [PMID: 20471507 PMCID: PMC3056501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) knockout (KO) mice in inbred strains can have renal dysfunction with secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH), making direct effects of COX-2 KO on bone difficult to assess. COX-2 KO mice in an outbred CD-1 background did not have renal dysfunction but still had two-fold elevated PTH compared to wild type (WT) mice. Compared to WT mice, KO mice had increased serum markers of bone turnover, decreased femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical bone thickness, but no differences in trabecular bone volume by microCT or dynamic histomorphometry. Because PTH is a potent inducer of COX-2 and prostaglandin (PG) production, we examined the effects of COX-2 KO on bone responses after 3 weeks of intermittent PTH. Intermittent PTH increased femoral BMD and cortical bone area more in KO mice than in WT mice and increased trabecular bone volume in the distal femur in both WT and KO mice. Although not statistically significant, PTH-stimulated increases in trabecular bone tended to be greater in KO mice than in WT mice. PTH increased serum markers of bone formation and resorption more in KO than in WT mice but increased the ratio of osteoblastic surface-to-osteoclastic surface only in KO mice. PTH also increased femoral mineral apposition rates and bone formation rates in KO mice more than in WT mice. Acute mRNA responses to PTH of genes that might mediate some anabolic and catabolic effects of PTH tended to be greater in KO than WT mice. We conclude that (1) the basal bone phenotype in male COX-2 KO mice might reflect HPTH, COX-2 deficiency or both, and (2) increased responses to intermittent PTH in COX-2 KO mice, despite the presence of chronic HPTH, suggest that absence of COX-2 increased sensitivity to PTH. It is possible that manipulation of endogenous PGs could have important clinical implications for anabolic therapy with PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manshan Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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26
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Osteoblastic regulation of B lymphopoiesis is mediated by Gs{alpha}-dependent signaling pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:16976-81. [PMID: 18957542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802898105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts play an increasingly recognized role in supporting hematopoietic development and recently have been implicated in the regulation of B lymphopoiesis. Here we demonstrate that the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit G(s)alpha is required in cells of the osteoblast lineage for normal postnatal B lymphocyte production. Deletion of G(s)alpha early in the osteoblast lineage results in a 59% decrease in the percentage of B cell precursors in the bone marrow. Analysis of peripheral blood from mutant mice revealed a 67% decrease in the number of circulating B lymphocytes by 10 days of age. Strikingly, other mature hematopoietic lineages are not decreased significantly. Mice lacking G(s)alpha in cells of the osteoblast lineage exhibit a reduction in pro-B and pre-B cells. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-7 expression is attenuated in G(s)alpha-deficient osteoblasts, and exogenous IL-7 is able to restore B cell precursor populations in the bone marrow of mutant mice. Finally, the defect in B lymphopoiesis can be rescued by transplantation into a WT microenvironment. These findings confirm that osteoblasts are an important component of the B lymphocyte niche and demonstrate in vivo that G(s)alpha-dependent signaling pathways in cells of the osteoblast lineage extrinsically regulate bone marrow B lymphopoiesis, at least partially in an IL-7-dependent manner.
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Anabolic effects of PTH in cyclooxygenase-2 knockout osteoblasts in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:536-41. [PMID: 18501188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PTH is a potent bone anabolic agent in vivo but anabolic effects on osteoblast differentiation in vitro are difficult to demonstrate. This study examined the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin (PG) production in the effects of PTH on osteoblast differentiation in vitro using marrow stromal cell (MSC) and calvarial osteoblast (COB) cultures from COX-2 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. Cells were treated with PTH (10 nM) or vehicle throughout culture. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA levels were measured at days 14 and 21, respectively, and mineralization at day 21. cAMP concentrations were measured in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. PTH did not stimulate differentiation in cultures from WT mice but significantly increased ALP and OCN mRNA expression 6- to 7-fold in KO MSC cultures and 2- to 4-fold in KO COB cultures. PTH also increased mineralization in both KO MSC and COB cultures. Effects in KO cells were mimicked in WT MSC cultures treated with NS-398, an inhibitor of COX-2 activity. PTH increased cAMP concentrations similarly in WT and KO COBs. Differential gene responses to PTH in COX-2 KO COBs relative to WT COBs included greater fold-increases in the cAMP-mediated early response genes, c-fos and Nr4a2; increased IGF-1 mRNA expression; and decreased mRNA expression of MAP kinase phosphatase-1. PTH inhibited SOST mRNA expression 91% in COX-2 KO MSC cultures compared to 67% in WT cultures. We conclude that endogenous PGs inhibit the anabolic responses to PTH in vitro, possibly by desensitizing cAMP pathways.
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