1
|
Heinl ES, Broeker KAE, Lehrmann C, Heydn R, Krieger K, Ortmaier K, Tauber P, Schweda F. Localization of natriuretic peptide receptors A, B, and C in healthy and diseased mouse kidneys. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:343-360. [PMID: 36480070 PMCID: PMC9908653 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The natriuretic peptides (NPs) ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) and BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) mediate their widespread effects by activating the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), while C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) acts via natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B). NPs are removed from the circulation by internalization via the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C). In addition to their well-known functions, for instance on blood pressure, all three NPs confer significant cardioprotection and renoprotection. Since neither the NP-mediated renal functions nor the renal target cells of renoprotection are completely understood, we performed systematic localization studies of NP receptors using in situ hybridization (RNAscope) in mouse kidneys. NPR-A mRNA is highly expressed in glomeruli (mainly podocytes), renal arterioles, endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries, and PDGFR-receptor β positive (PDGFR-β) interstitial cells. No NPR-A mRNA was detected by RNAscope in the tubular system. In contrast, NPR-B expression is highest in proximal tubules. NPR-C is located in glomeruli (mainly podocytes), in endothelial cells and PDGFR-β positive cells. To test for a possible regulation of NPRs in kidney diseases, their distribution was studied in adenine nephropathy. Signal intensity of NPR-A and NPR-B mRNA was reduced while their spatial distribution was unaltered compared with healthy kidneys. In contrast, NPR-C mRNA signal was markedly enhanced in cell clusters of myofibroblasts in fibrotic areas of adenine kidneys. In conclusion, the primary renal targets of ANP and BNP are glomerular, vascular, and interstitial cells but not the tubular compartment, while the CNP receptor NPR-B is highly expressed in proximal tubules. Further studies are needed to clarify the function and interplay of this specific receptor expression pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Sofia Heinl
- Institute for Physiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | - Claudia Lehrmann
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute for Physiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rosmarie Heydn
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute for Physiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Krieger
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute for Physiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Ortmaier
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute for Physiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Tauber
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute for Physiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schweda
- Institute for Physiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Damén T, Kolsrud O, Dellgren G, Hesse C, Ricksten S, Nygren A. Atrial natriuretic peptide does not degrade the endothelial glycocalyx: A secondary analysis of a randomized porcine model. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2021; 65:1305-1312. [PMID: 33991333 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) released from the heart regulates intravascular volume and is suspected to increase capillary permeability. Contradictory results regarding ANP and glycocalyx degradation have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate if an infusion of ANP causes degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx. METHODS Twenty pigs, pretreated with 250 mg methylprednisolone, were randomized to receive an infusion of either ANP (50 ng/kg/min) (n = 10) or 0.9% NaCl (n = 10) during 60 min. Endothelial glycocalyx components (heparan sulphate proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid), Hct, calculated plasma volume and colloid osmotic pressure were measured from baseline to 60 min. RESULTS There was no difference between the control and intervention groups for heparan sulphate proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid corrected for the change in plasma volume (P = .333 and 0.197). Hct increased with 1.8 ± 2.2% in the intervention group (P = .029) with no change -0.5 ± 2.3% in the control group (P = .504). The plasma volume decreased in the intervention group with -8.4 ± 10% (P = .034) with no change in the control group 3.1 ± 12% (P = .427). Median changes in colloid osmotic pressures in the control and intervention group were -0.39 [95% CI, -1.88-0.13] and 0.9 [95% CI, 0.00-1.58], respectively (P = .012). CONCLUSIONS In this randomized porcine study, an ANP infusion did not cause endothelial glycocalyx degradation but decreased the plasma volume most probably due to precapillary vasodilation and increased filtration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tor Damén
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University HospitalSection of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Oscar Kolsrud
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Sahlgrenska University HospitalSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Sahlgrenska University HospitalSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Transplant Institute Sahlgrenska University HospitalSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Camilla Hesse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sven‐Erik Ricksten
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University HospitalSection of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andreas Nygren
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University HospitalSection of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Belavić M, Sotošek Tokmadžić V, Fišić E, Brozović Krijan A, Strikić N, Lončarić Katušin M, Žunić J. The effect of various doses of infusion solutions on the endothelial glycocalyx layer in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Minerva Anestesiol 2018; 84:1032-1043. [DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.18.12150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
4
|
Pandey KN. Molecular and genetic aspects of guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor-A in regulation of blood pressure and renal function. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:913-928. [PMID: 30169131 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00083.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) exert diverse effects on several biological and physiological systems, such as kidney function, neural and endocrine signaling, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular function, playing pivotal roles in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and cardiac and vascular homeostasis. NPs are collectively known as anti-hypertensive hormones and their main functions are directed toward eliciting natriuretic/diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertrophic effects, thereby, regulating the fluid volume, BP, and renal and cardiovascular conditions. Interactions of NPs with their cognate receptors display a central role in all aspects of cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms that govern physiology and pathophysiology of BP and cardiovascular events. Among the NPs atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) activate guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) and initiate intracellular signaling. The genetic disruption of Npr1 (encoding GC-A/NPRA) in mice exhibits high BP and hypertensive heart disease that is seen in untreated hypertensive subjects, including high BP and heart failure. There has been a surge of interest in the NPs and their receptors and a wealth of information have emerged in the last four decades, including molecular structure, signaling mechanisms, altered phenotypic characterization of transgenic and gene-targeted animal models, and genetic analyses in humans. The major goal of the present review is to emphasize and summarize the critical findings and recent discoveries regarding the molecular and genetic regulation of NPs, physiological metabolic functions, and the signaling of receptor GC-A/NPRA with emphasis on the BP regulation and renal and cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fitzakerley JL, Trachte GJ. Genetics of guanylyl cyclase pathways in the cochlea and their influence on hearing. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:780-806. [PMID: 29958079 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00056.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in Western societies, there are no successful pharmacological treatments for this disorder. Recent experiments have demonstrated that manipulation of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations can have both beneficial and harmful effects on hearing. In this review, we will examine the role of cGMP as a key second messenger involved in many aspects of cochlear function and discuss the known functions of downstream effectors of cGMP in sound processing. The nitric oxide-stimulated soluble guanylyl cyclase system (sGC) and the two natriuretic peptide-stimulated particulate GCs (pGCs) will be more extensively covered because they have been studied most thoroughly. The cochlear GC systems are attractive targets for medical interventions that improve hearing while simultaneously representing an under investigated source of sensorineural hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Fitzakerley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School , Duluth, Minnesota
| | - George J Trachte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School , Duluth, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schreiter J, Meyer S, Schmidt C, Schulz RM, Langer S. Dorsal skinfold chamber models in mice. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2017; 6:Doc10. [PMID: 28706772 PMCID: PMC5506728 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background/purpose: The use of dorsal skinfold chamber models has substantially improved the understanding of micro-vascularisation in pathophysiology over the last eight decades. It allows in vivo pathophysiological studies of vascularisation over a continuous period of time. The dorsal skinfold chamber is an attractive technique for monitoring the vascularisation of autologous or allogenic transplants, wound healing, tumorigenesis and compatibility of biomaterial implants. To further reduce the animals’ discomfort while carrying the dorsal skinfold chamber, we developed a smaller chamber (the Leipzig Dorsal Skinfold Chamber) and summarized the commercial available chamber models. In addition we compared our model to the common chamber. Methods: The Leipzig Dorsal Skinfold Chamber was applied to 66 C57Bl/6 female mice with a mean weight of 22 g. Angiogenesis within the dorsal skinfold chamber was evaluated after injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran with an Axio Scope microscope. The mean vessel density within the dorsal skinfold chamber was assessed over a period of 21 days at five different time points. The gained data were compared to previous results using a bigger and heavier dorsal skinfold model in mice. A PubMed and a patent search were performed and all papers related to “dorsal skinfold chamber” from 1st of January 2006 to 31st of December 2015 were evaluated regarding the dorsal skinfold chamber models and their technical improvements. The main models are described and compared to our titanium Leipzig Dorsal Skinfold Chamber model. Results: The Leipzig Dorsal Skinfold Chamber fulfils all requirements of continuous in vivo models known from previous chamber models while reducing irritation to the mice. Five different chamber models have been identified showing substantial regional diversity. The newly elaborated titanium dorsal skinfold chamber may replace the pre-existing titanium chamber model used in Germany so far, as it is smaller and lighter than the former ones. However, the new chamber does not reach the advantages of already existing chamber models used in Asia and the US, which are smaller and lighter. Conclusion: Elaborating a smaller and lighter dorsal skinfold chamber allows research studies on smaller animals and reduces the animals’ discomfort while carrying the chamber. Greater research exchange should be done to spread the use of smaller and lighter chamber models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Schreiter
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Special Hand Surgery, Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophia Meyer
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Special Hand Surgery, Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Special Hand Surgery, Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.,Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny M Schulz
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Special Hand Surgery, Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.,Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Langer
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Special Hand Surgery, Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kopperud RK, Rygh CB, Karlsen TV, Krakstad C, Kleppe R, Hoivik EA, Bakke M, Tenstad O, Selheim F, Lidén Å, Madsen L, Pavlin T, Taxt T, Kristiansen K, Curry FRE, Reed RK, Døskeland SO. Increased microvascular permeability in mice lacking Epac1 (Rapgef3). Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:441-452. [PMID: 27096875 PMCID: PMC5073050 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim Maintenance of the blood and extracellular volume requires tight control of endothelial macromolecule permeability, which is regulated by cAMP signalling. This study probes the role of the cAMP mediators rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 and 4 (Epac1 and Epac2) for in vivo control of microvascular macromolecule permeability under basal conditions. Methods Epac1−/− and Epac2−/− C57BL/6J mice were produced and compared with wild‐type mice for transvascular flux of radio‐labelled albumin in skin, adipose tissue, intestine, heart and skeletal muscle. The transvascular leakage was also studied by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) using the MRI contrast agent Gadomer‐17 as probe. Results Epac1−/− mice had constitutively increased transvascular macromolecule transport, indicating Epac1‐dependent restriction of baseline permeability. In addition, Epac1−/− mice showed little or no enhancement of vascular permeability in response to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), whether probed with labelled albumin or Gadomer‐17. Epac2−/− and wild‐type mice had similar basal and ANP‐stimulated clearances. Ultrastructure analysis revealed that Epac1−/− microvascular interendothelial junctions had constitutively less junctional complex. Conclusion Epac1 exerts a tonic inhibition of in vivo basal microvascular permeability. The loss of this tonic action increases baseline permeability, presumably by reducing the interendothelial permeability resistance. Part of the action of ANP to increase permeability in wild‐type microvessels may involve inhibition of the basal Epac1‐dependent activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Kopperud
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO); University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - C. Brekke Rygh
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - T. V. Karlsen
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - C. Krakstad
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - R. Kleppe
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - E. A. Hoivik
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - M. Bakke
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - O. Tenstad
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - F. Selheim
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Å. Lidén
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - L. Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. Pavlin
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - T. Taxt
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - K. Kristiansen
- Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F.-R. E. Curry
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology; School of Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - R. K. Reed
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO); University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - S. O. Døskeland
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
cGMP controls many cellular functions ranging from growth, viability, and differentiation to contractility, secretion, and ion transport. The mammalian genome encodes seven transmembrane guanylyl cyclases (GCs), GC-A to GC-G, which mainly modulate submembrane cGMP microdomains. These GCs share a unique topology comprising an extracellular domain, a short transmembrane region, and an intracellular COOH-terminal catalytic (cGMP synthesizing) region. GC-A mediates the endocrine effects of atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides regulating arterial blood pressure/volume and energy balance. GC-B is activated by C-type natriuretic peptide, stimulating endochondral ossification in autocrine way. GC-C mediates the paracrine effects of guanylins on intestinal ion transport and epithelial turnover. GC-E and GC-F are expressed in photoreceptor cells of the retina, and their activation by intracellular Ca(2+)-regulated proteins is essential for vision. Finally, in the rodent system two olfactorial GCs, GC-D and GC-G, are activated by low concentrations of CO2and by peptidergic (guanylins) and nonpeptidergic odorants as well as by coolness, which has implications for social behaviors. In the past years advances in human and mouse genetics as well as the development of sensitive biosensors monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cGMP in living cells have provided novel relevant information about this receptor family. This increased our understanding of the mechanisms of signal transduction, regulation, and (dys)function of the membrane GCs, clarified their relevance for genetic and acquired diseases and, importantly, has revealed novel targets for therapies. The present review aims to illustrate these different features of membrane GCs and the main open questions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chappell D, Bruegger D, Potzel J, Jacob M, Brettner F, Vogeser M, Conzen P, Becker BF, Rehm M. Hypervolemia increases release of atrial natriuretic peptide and shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:538. [PMID: 25497357 PMCID: PMC4201669 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and volume loading (VL) are standard blood-sparing procedures. However, VL is associated with hypervolemia, which may cause tissue edema, cardiopulmonary complications and a prolonged hospital stay. The body reacts to hypervolemia with release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart. ANP has been shown to deteriorate the endothelial glycocalyx, a vital part of the vascular permeability barrier. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare ANP release and damage to the glycocalyx during ANH and VL. Methods ANH or VL with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 was administered prior to elective surgery in patients of good cardiopulmonary health (n =9 in each group). We measured concentrations of ANP in plasma and of three main constituent parts of the glycocalyx (hyaluronan, heparan sulfate and syndecan 1) in serum before and after ANH or VL. Heparan sulfate and syndecan 1 levels in urine were also determined. Results In contrast to ANH, VL (20 ml/kg) induced a significant release of ANP (approximately +100%, P <0.05) and increased the serum concentration of two glycocalyx constituents, hyaluronan and syndecan 1 (both by about 80%, P <0.05). Elevation of syndecan 1 was also detected in the urine of patients undergoing VL, but no increase was found in patients undergoing ANH. Heparan sulfate levels were not influenced by either procedure. Conclusion These data suggest that hypervolemia increases the release of ANP and causes enhanced shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx. This perturbation must be expected to impair the vascular barrier, implying that VL may not be as safe as generally assumed and that it should be critically evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chappell
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Dirk Bruegger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Potzel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Matthias Jacob
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Florian Brettner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michael Vogeser
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Peter Conzen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bernhard F Becker
- Walter-Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Rehm
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cannone V, Huntley BK, Olson TM, Heublein DM, Scott CG, Bailey KR, Redfield MM, Rodeheffer RJ, Burnett JC. Atrial natriuretic peptide genetic variant rs5065 and risk for cardiovascular disease in the general community: a 9-year follow-up study. Hypertension 2013; 62:860-5. [PMID: 24041948 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the phenotype associated with the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) genetic variant rs5065 in a random community-based sample. We also assessed and compared the biological action of 2 concentrations (10(-10) mol/L, 10(-8) mol/L) of ANP and ANP-RR, the protein variant encoded by the minor allele of rs5065, on activation of the guanylyl cyclase (GC)-A and GC-B receptors, production of the second messenger 3',5'-cGMP in endothelial cells, and endothelial permeability. rs5065 genotypes were determined in a cross-sectional adult cohort from Olmsted County, MN (n=1623). Genotype frequencies for rs5065 were 75%, 24%, and 1% for TT, TC, and CC, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the C allele was associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular accident (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.86; P=0.009) and higher prevalence of myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-3.09; P=0.026). ANP-RR 10(-8) mol/L activated the GC-A receptor (83.07±8.31 versus no treatment 0.18±0.04 per 6 wells; P=0.006), whereas ANP-RR 10(-10) mol/L did not. Neither 10(-8) mol/L nor 10(-10) mol/L ANP-RR activated GC-B receptor (P=0.10, P=0.35). ANP 10(-8) mol/L and ANP-RR 10(-8) mol/L stimulated 3',5'-cGMP production in endothelial cells similarly (P=0.58). Both concentrations of ANP-RR significantly enhanced human aortic endothelial cell permeability (69 versus 29 relative fluorescence units [RFUs], P=0.012; 58 versus 39 RFUs, P=0.015) compared with ANP. The minor allele of rs5065 was associated with increased cardiovascular risk. ANP-RR activated the GC-A receptor, increased 3',5'-cGMP in endothelial cells, and when compared with ANP, augmented endothelial cell permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cannone
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Guggenheim 915, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Suresh Babu S, Wojtowicz A, Freichel M, Birnbaumer L, Hecker M, Cattaruzza M. Mechanism of stretch-induced activation of the mechanotransducer zyxin in vascular cells. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra91. [PMID: 23233529 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cells respond to supraphysiological amounts of stretch with a characteristic phenotypic change that results in dysfunctional remodeling of the affected arteries. Although the pathophysiological consequences of stretch-induced signaling are well characterized, the mechanism of mechanotransduction is unclear. We focused on the mechanotransducer zyxin, which translocates to the nucleus to drive gene expression in response to stretch. In cultured human endothelial cells and perfused femoral arteries isolated from wild-type and several knockout mouse strains, we characterized a multistep signaling pathway whereby stretch led to a transient receptor potential channel 3-mediated release of the endothelial vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1). ET-1, through autocrine activation of its B-type receptor, elicited the release of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which caused the autocrine activation of the ANP receptor guanylyl cyclase A (GC-A). Activation of GC-A, in turn, led to protein kinase G-mediated phosphorylation of zyxin at serine 142, thereby triggering the translocation of zyxin to the nucleus, where it was required for stretch-induced gene expression. Thus, we have identified a stretch-induced signaling pathway in vascular cells that leads to the activation of zyxin, a cytoskeletal protein specifically involved in transducing mechanical stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Suresh Babu
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is critically involved in the maintenance of arterial blood pressure and intravascular volume homeostasis. Its cGMP-producing GC-A receptor is densely expressed in the microvascular endothelium of the lung and systemic circulation, but the functional relevance is controversial. Some studies reported that ANP stimulates endothelial cell permeability, whereas others described that the peptide attenuates endothelial barrier dysfunction provoked by inflammatory agents such as thrombin or histamine. Many studies in vitro addressed the effects of ANP on endothelial proliferation and migration. Again, both pro- and anti-angiogenic properties were described. To unravel the role of the endothelial actions of ANP in vivo, we inactivated the murine GC-A gene selectively in endothelial cells by homologous loxP/Cre-mediated recombination. Our studies in these mice indicate that ANP, via endothelial GC-A, increases endothelial albumin permeability in the microcirculation of the skin and skeletal muscle. This effect is critically involved in the endocrine hypovolaemic, hypotensive actions of the cardiac hormone. On the other hand the homologous GC-A-activating B-type NP (BNP), which is produced by cardiac myocytes and many other cell types in response to stressors such as hypoxia, possibly exerts more paracrine than endocrine actions. For instance, within the ischaemic skeletal muscle BNP released from activated satellite cells can improve the regeneration of neighbouring endothelia. This review will focus on recent advancements in our understanding of endothelial NP/GC-A signalling in the pulmonary versus systemic circulation. It will discuss possible mechanisms accounting for the discrepant observations made for the endothelial actions of this hormone-receptor system and distinguish between (patho)physiological and pharmacological actions. Lastly it will emphasize the potential therapeutical implications derived from the actions of NPs on endothelial permeability and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhn
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin YC, Adamson RH, Clark JF, Reed RK, Curry FRE. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition attenuates plasma volume loss and transvascular exchange in volume-expanded mice. J Physiol 2011; 590:309-22. [PMID: 22083598 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.213447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with rolipram to increase vascular endothelial cAMP and stabilize the endothelial barrier would attenuate the action of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to increase vascular permeability to the plasma protein albumin after an acute plasma volume expansion. After rolipram pretreatment (8 mg (kg body wt)(-1), intraperitoneal, 30 min) more than 95% of the peak increase in plasma volume after volume expansion (4.5% bovine serum albumin, 114 μl (g body wt)(-1) h(-1), 15 min) remained in the vascular space 75 min after the end of infusion, whereas only 67% of the fluid was retained in volume-expanded animals with no rolipram pretreatment. Rolipram significantly decreased 30 min fluorescently labelled albumin clearance (μl (g dry wt)(-1)) relative to untreated volume-expanded controls in skin (e.g. back, 10.4 ± 1.6 vs. 19.5 ± 3.6, P = 0.04), muscle (e.g. hamstring, 15.0 ± 1.9 vs. 20.8 ± 1.4, P = 0.04) and in colon, caecum, and rectum (average reduction close to 50%). The mass of muscle and skin tissue accounted for 70% of volume-expansion-dependent albumin shifts from plasma to interstitium. The results are consistent with observations that the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram attenuates ANP-induced increases in vascular permeability after infusion of exogenous ANP and observations of elevated central venous pressure after a similar volume expansion in mice with selective deletion of the endothelial ANP receptor. These observations may form the basis for new strategies to retain intravenous fluid containing macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Chen Lin
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pandey KN. Guanylyl cyclase / atrial natriuretic peptide receptor-A: role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular regulation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:557-73. [PMID: 21815745 DOI: 10.1139/y11-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), also known as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is an endogenous and potent hypotensive hormone that elicits natriuretic, diuretic, vasorelaxant, and anti-proliferative effects, which are important in the control of blood pressure and cardiovascular events. One principal locus involved in the regulatory action of ANP and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is guanylyl cyclase / natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA). Studies on ANP, BNP, and their receptor, GC-A/NPRA, have greatly increased our knowledge of the control of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Cellular, biochemical, and molecular studies have helped to delineate the receptor function and signaling mechanisms of NPRA. Gene-targeted and transgenic mouse models have advanced our understanding of the importance of ANP, BNP, and GC-A/NPRA in disease states at the molecular level. Importantly, ANP and BNP are used as critical markers of cardiac events; however, their therapeutic potentials for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and stroke have just begun to be realized. We are now just at the initial stage of molecular therapeutics and pharmacogenomic advancement of the natriuretic peptides. More investigations should be undertaken and ongoing ones be extended in this important field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, SL-39 Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, LA 70112, New Orleans, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bruegger D, Schwartz L, Chappell D, Jacob M, Rehm M, Vogeser M, Christ F, Reichart B, Becker BF. Release of atrial natriuretic peptide precedes shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx equally in patients undergoing on- and off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:1111-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Pandey KN. The functional genomics of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A: perspectives and paradigms. FEBS J 2011; 278:1792-807. [PMID: 21375691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac hormones atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide (brain natriuretic peptide) activate guanylyl cyclase (GC)-A/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) and produce the second messenger cGMP. GC-A/NPRA is a member of the growing family of GC receptors. The recent biochemical, molecular and genomic studies on GC-A/NPRA have provided important insights into the regulation and functional activity of this receptor protein, with a particular emphasis on cardiac and renal protective roles in hypertension and cardiovascular disease states. The progress in this field of research has significantly strengthened and advanced our knowledge about the critical roles of Npr1 (coding for GC-A/NPRA) in the control of fluid volume, blood pressure, cardiac remodeling, and other physiological functions and pathological states. Overall, this review attempts to provide insights and to delineate the current concepts in the field of functional genomics and signaling of GC-A/NPRA in hypertension and cardiovascular disease states at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica
| | - Synthia H. Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Shing-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sangaralingham SJ, Huntley BK, Martin FL, McKie PM, Bellavia D, Ichiki T, Harders GE, Chen HH, Burnett JC. The aging heart, myocardial fibrosis, and its relationship to circulating C-type natriuretic Peptide. Hypertension 2010; 57:201-7. [PMID: 21189408 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.160796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial aging is characterized by left ventricular (LV) fibrosis leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Studies have established the potent antifibrotic and antiproliferative properties of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP); however, the relationship between circulating CNP, LV fibrosis, and associated changes in LV function with natural aging are undefined. Accordingly, we characterized the relationship of plasma CNP with LV fibrosis and function in 2-, 11-, and 20-month-old male Fischer rats. Further in vitro, we established the antiproliferative actions of CNP and the participation of the clearance receptor using adult human cardiac fibroblasts. Here we establish for the first time that a progressive decline in circulating CNP characterizes natural aging and is strongly associated with a reciprocal increase in LV fibrosis that precedes impairment of diastolic and systolic function. Additionally, we demonstrate in cultured adult human cardiac fibroblasts that the direct antiproliferative actions of high-dose CNP may involve a non-cGMP pathway via the clearance receptor. Together, these studies provide new insights into myocardial aging and the relationship to the antifibrotic and antiproliferative peptide CNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jeson Sangaralingham
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin YC, Samardzic H, Adamson RH, Renkin EM, Clark JF, Reed RK, Curry FRE. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition attenuates atrial natriuretic peptide-induced vascular hyperpermeability and loss of plasma volume. J Physiol 2010; 589:341-53. [PMID: 21098005 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.199588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) to increase endothelial cAMP and stabilize the endothelial barrier attenuates acute inflammatory increases in vascular permeability.We extended this approach to attenuate physiological increases in vascular permeability in response to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which acts with the kidney to regulate plasma volume. We measured blood-to-tissue albumin clearance and changes in plasma volume in isoflurane-anaesthetized mice (C57BL/6J) pre-treated with rolipram (8 mg kg(-1) I.P., 30 min). Rolipram significantly reduced albumin permeability, measured using a dual-label fluorescence method, in skin and skeletal muscle compared with ANP alone (500 ng kg(-1) min(-1)). Skin and muscle tissue accounted for 70% of the reduction in whole body albumin clearance taking into account albumin clearance in gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, heart and kidney. The action of ANP and rolipram to modify albumin clearances in duodenum and jejunum could be accounted for by local increases in vascular perfusion to increase surface area for exchange. ANP increased haematocrit from 40.6% to 46.8%, corresponding to an average loss of 22% plasma fluid volume (227 μl), and this was almost completely reversed with rolipram. Renal water excretion accounted for less than 30% of plasma fluid loss indicating that reduced albumin permeability and reduced filtration into vasodilated GI tissue were the predominant actions of PDE4 inhibition. Similar fluid retention was measured in mice with endothelial-restricted deletion of the guanylyl cyclase-A receptor for ANP. Stabilizing the endothelial barrier to offset ANP-induced increases in vascular permeability may be part of a strategy to maintain plasma volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Chen Lin
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Curry FRE, Rygh CB, Karlsen T, Wiig H, Adamson RH, Clark JF, Lin YC, Gassner B, Thorsen F, Moen I, Tenstad O, Kuhn M, Reed RK. Atrial natriuretic peptide modulation of albumin clearance and contrast agent permeability in mouse skeletal muscle and skin: role in regulation of plasma volume. J Physiol 2009; 588:325-39. [PMID: 19948658 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.180463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) via its guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor participates in regulation of arterial blood pressure and vascular volume. Previous studies demonstrated that concerted renal diuretic/natriuretic and endothelial permeability effects of ANP cooperate in intravascular volume regulation. We show that the microvascular endothelial contribution to the hypovolaemic action of ANP can be measured by the magnitude of the ANP-induced increase in blood-to-tissue albumin transport, measured as plasma albumin clearance corrected for intravascular volume change, relative to the corresponding increase in ANP-induced renal water excretion. We used a two-tracer method with isotopically labelled albumin to measure clearances in skin and skeletal muscle of: (i) C57BL6 mice; (ii) mice with endothelium-restricted deletion of GC-A (floxed GC-A x tie2-Cre: endothelial cell (EC) GC-A knockout (KO)); and (iii) control littermates (floxed GC-A mice with normal GC-A expression levels). Comparison of albumin clearances in hypervolaemic EC GC-A KO mice with normovolaemic littermates demonstrated that skeletal muscle albumin clearance with ANP treatment accounts for at most 30% of whole body clearance required for ANP to regulate plasma volume. Skin microcirculation responded to ANP similarly. Measurements of permeability to a high molecular mass contrast agent (35 kD Gadomer) by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) enabled repeated measures in individual animals and confirmed small increases in muscle and skin microvascular permeability after ANP. These quantitative methods will enable further evaluation of the contribution of ANP-dependent microvascular beds (such as gastro-intestinal tract) to plasma volume regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fitz-Roy E Curry
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kuhn M, Völker K, Schwarz K, Carbajo-Lozoya J, Flögel U, Jacoby C, Stypmann J, van Eickels M, Gambaryan S, Hartmann M, Werner M, Wieland T, Schrader J, Baba HA. The natriuretic peptide/guanylyl cyclase--a system functions as a stress-responsive regulator of angiogenesis in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2019-30. [PMID: 19487812 DOI: 10.1172/jci37430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) modulate blood pressure and volume by activation of the receptor guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) and subsequent intracellular cGMP formation. Here we report what we believe to be a novel function of these peptides as paracrine regulators of vascular regeneration. In mice with systemic deletion of the GC-A gene, vascular regeneration in response to critical hind limb ischemia was severely impaired. Similar attenuation of ischemic angiogenesis was observed in mice with conditional, endothelial cell-restricted GC-A deletion (here termed EC GC-A KO mice). In contrast, smooth muscle cell-restricted GC-A ablation did not affect ischemic neovascularization. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR revealed BNP expression in activated satellite cells within the ischemic muscle, suggesting that local BNP elicits protective endothelial effects. Since within the heart, BNP is mainly induced in cardiomyocytes by mechanical load, we investigated whether the natriuretic peptide/GC-A system also regulates angiogenesis accompanying load-induced cardiac hypertrophy. EC GC-A KO hearts showed diminished angiogenesis, mild fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. In vitro BNP/GC-A stimulated proliferation and migration of cultured microvascular endothelia by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase I and phosphorylating vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and p38 MAPK. We therefore conclude that BNP, produced by activated satellite cells within ischemic skeletal muscle or by cardiomyocytes in response to pressure load, regulates the regeneration of neighboring endothelia via GC-A. This paracrine communication might be critically involved in coordinating muscle regeneration/hypertrophy and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sabrane K, Kruse MN, Gazinski A, Kuhn M. Chronic endothelium-dependent regulation of arterial blood pressure by atrial natriuretic peptide: role of nitric oxide and endothelin-1. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2382-7. [PMID: 19179430 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), via its guanylyl cyclase (GC)-A receptor, plays a key role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and volume. Endothelial-restricted deletion of GC-A in mice [endothelial cell (EC) GC-A knockout (KO)] resulted in hypervolemic hypertension, demonstrating that the endothelium participates in the hypotensive and hypovolemic actions of ANP. Published studies showed that ANP modulates the release of the vasoactive factors nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) from cultured endothelia. Based on these observations, we examined the role of these endothelial factors in ANP-dependent vasodilatation (studied in isolated arteries) and chronic regulation of ABP (measured in awake mice by tail-cuff plethysmography). ANP induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxations of aortic, carotid, and pulmonary arteries. These responses were not different between control and EC GC-A KO mice, and were significantly enhanced after inhibition of NO synthase [by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester]. Intravenous administration of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester to conscious mice significantly increased ABP. The extent of these hypertensive reactions was similar in EC GC-A KO mice and control littermates (increases in systolic blood pressure by approximately 25 mm Hg). Conversely, antagonism of ET-1/endothelin-A receptors with BQ-123 reduced ABP significantly and comparably in both genotypes (by approximately 11 mm Hg). Finally, the vascular and tissue expression levels of components of the NO system and of immunoreactive ET-1 were not different in control and EC GC-A KO mice. We conclude that the endothelium, but not modulation of endothelial NO or ET-1, participates in the chronic regulation of ABP by ANP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Sabrane
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hartmann M, Skryabin BV, Müller T, Gazinski A, Schröter J, Gassner B, Nikolaev VO, Bünemann M, Kuhn M. Alternative splicing of the guanylyl cyclase-A receptor modulates atrial natriuretic peptide signaling. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:28313-20. [PMID: 18713751 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805521200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) modulate blood pressure and volume through the stimulation of cyclic GMP production by their guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor. A novel isoform of GC-A has been identified that is the result of differential splicing of exon 4. The deletion of a 51-bp sequence is predicted to delete 17 amino acids (Lys314-Gln330) in the membrane-distal part of the extracellular domain. Reverse transcription-PCR analyses demonstrated low messenger RNA expression levels of spliced GC-A in all tissues. Homology modeling suggested that the alterations in the protein structure could interfere with ANP binding or signaling. Indeed, functional studies in transfected HEK 293 cells demonstrated that binding of ANP and ANP-induced cyclic GMP formation by GC-ADelta(Lys314-Gln330) were totally abolished. Furthermore, cotransfection studies showed that this GC-A variant forms heterodimers with the wild type receptor and inhibits ligand-inducible cGMP generation. Finally, treatment of mice with angiotensin II (300 ng/kg/min during 7 days) resulted in enhanced pulmonary mRNA expression of spliced GC-A, which was concomitant to diminished GC-A/cGMP responses to ANP. We conclude that alternative splicing can regulate endogenous ANP/GC-A signaling. Angiotensin II-induced alternative splicing of GC-A may represent a novel mechanism for reducing the sensitivity to ANP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hartmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|