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Yajima K, Chiba S, Park I, Ogata H, Kayaba M, Ishihara A, Tanaka Y, Simeng Z, Jaehoon S, Katakura M, Tokuyama K. Dietary palmitic acid to oleic acid ratio modulates energy metabolism and biological rhythms in young healthy Japanese males. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:447-460. [PMID: 37578022 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential role of the composition of dietary fatty acids in the regulation of biological rhythms, such as the sleep architecture, core body temperature and leukocyte clock gene expression, in subjects fed meals rich in palmitic acid (PA) or oleic acid (OA). Eleven males participated in two sessions of indirect calorimetry in a whole-room metabolic chamber. In each session, subjects consumed three meals rich in PA (44·3 % of total fat as PA and 42·3 % as OA) or OA (11·7 % of total fat as PA and 59·3 % as OA) in the metabolic chamber. The ratio of PA to OA in plasma was significantly lower and fat oxidation was significantly higher during 24 h of indirect calorimetry in the session with meals rich in OA than in that with meals rich in PA. The duration of slow wave sleep (SWS) was shorter, the latency of SWS was longer and the nadir of core body temperature after bedtime was later in the session with meals rich in PA than in that with meals rich in OA. The peak in CRY1 gene expression was earlier and its amplitude was higher in the session with meals rich in PA than in that with meals rich in OA. In healthy young males, meals rich in PA decreased fat oxidation and disrupted biological rhythms, particularly the sleep architecture and core body temperature during sleep, more than meals rich in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yajima
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuto Chiba
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Momoko Kayaba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishihara
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zhang Simeng
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seol Jaehoon
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH), Kanagawa, Japan
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Civelek E, Ozturk Civelek D, Akyel YK, Kaleli Durman D, Okyar A. Circadian Dysfunction in Adipose Tissue: Chronotherapy in Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1077. [PMID: 37626963 PMCID: PMC10452180 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Essential for survival and reproduction, the circadian timing system (CTS) regulates adaptation to cyclical changes such as the light/dark cycle, temperature change, and food availability. The regulation of energy homeostasis possesses rhythmic properties that correspond to constantly fluctuating needs for energy production and consumption. Adipose tissue is mainly responsible for energy storage and, thus, operates as one of the principal components of energy homeostasis regulation. In accordance with its roles in energy homeostasis, alterations in adipose tissue's physiological processes are associated with numerous pathologies, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. These alterations also include changes in circadian rhythm. In the current review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding the circadian rhythmicity of adipogenesis, lipolysis, adipokine secretion, browning, and non-shivering thermogenesis in adipose tissue and to evaluate possible links between those alterations and metabolic diseases. Based on this evaluation, potential therapeutic approaches, as well as clock genes as potential therapeutic targets, are also discussed in the context of chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34815 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Deniz Kaleli Durman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
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Barrea L, Verde L, Di Lorenzo C, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Can the ketogenic diet improve our dreams? Effect of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) on sleep quality. J Transl Med 2023; 21:479. [PMID: 37464397 PMCID: PMC10353204 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a condition that is often associated with sleep disorders, including reduced sleep quality (SQ). Very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has proven to be effective in the management of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. However, little is still known about the effects of this promising nutritional protocol on SQ. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of VLCKD on SQ in women with overweight/obesity and if any changes, to identify the predictive factor that through VLCKD modified SQ. METHODS Were consecutively enrolled a total of 324 subjects, who met the inclusion criteria and accepted to adhere to VLCKD. Assessment of nutritional status, including anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and waist circumference), bioelectrical impedance analysis (phase-sensitive system, 50 kHz BIA 101 RJL, Akern Bioresearch, Florence, Italy Akern), high sensitivity C reactive protein levels (hs-CRP), and SQ were carried out at baseline and after 31 days of active stage of VLCKD. SQ was evaluated using the validated questionnaire Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS In addition to the expected general improvement of anthropometric parameters and body composition, VLCKD improved significantly SQ, as demonstrated by the improvement of all parameters included in the PSQI questionnaire (p < 0.001). Both at baseline and after 31 days of active stage of VLCKD, the PSQI score was significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fat free mass (p < 0.001 for all) and hs-CRP (p = 0.023). PhA was negatively associated with PSQI score only at baseline (p < 0.001). ∆% PSQI positively correlated with ∆% BMI, ∆% fat mass, ∆% hs-CRP (p < 0.001 for all) and negatively correlated with ∆% fat free mass (p < 0.001), and ∆% PhA (p = 0.031). In the multiple regression analysis ∆% fat mass represented the only predictor of changes in SQ after VLCKD. Finally, in the ROC analysis, a threshold value of ∆% fat mass > - 8.4% predicted improvement in SQ (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, VLCKD determines an improvement of SQ in women with overweight and obesity, that was mostly mediated by the reduction of fat mass related to this nutritional protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, Napoli, 80143, Italy.
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cherubino Di Lorenzo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino-ICOT, Latina, 04100, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Non-Photic Zeitgebers and Circadian Clock Synchronizers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012162. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) are well-known for their actions on immune/inflammatory and neurological pathways, functions that are also under circadian clock regulation. The daily photoperiod represents the primary circadian synchronizer (‘zeitgeber’), although diverse studies have pointed towards an influence of dietary FAs on the biological clock. A comprehensive literature review was conducted following predefined selection criteria with the aim of updating the evidence on the molecular mechanisms behind circadian rhythm regulation by ω-3 FAs. We collected preclinical and clinical studies, systematic reviews, and metanalyses focused on the effect of ω-3 FAs on circadian rhythms. Twenty animal (conducted on rodents and piglets) and human trials and one observational study providing evidence on the regulation of neurological, inflammatory/immune, metabolic, reproductive, cardiovascular, and biochemical processes by ω-3 FAs via clock genes were discussed. The evidence suggests that ω-3 FAs may serve as non-photic zeitgebers and prove therapeutically beneficial for circadian disruption-related pathologies. Future work should focus on the role of clock genes as a target for the therapeutic use of ω-3 FAs in inflammatory and neurological disorders, as well as on the bidirectional association between the molecular clock and ω-3 FAs.
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Miyazaki K, Itoh N, Saiki P, Kuroki Y. Supplementation with Eurycoma longifolia Extract Modulates Diurnal Body Temperature Fluctuation and Sleep Rhythm in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:342-347. [PMID: 36047106 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali; TA) is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly known as Malaysian ginseng. The root tea has been traditionally applied to treat fevers, aches, sexual dysfunction and other ailments. We evaluated the effects of TA extract supplementation on diurnal core body temperature (BT) and sleep architecture in model mice. Dietary supplementation with TA extract for 4 wk resulted in significantly and moderately reduced BT during the rest and active phases, respectively. A high dose delayed the onset of BT elevation at the start of the active phase, indicating that the effect was dose-dependent. Electroencephalography findings revealed that dietary supplementation with TA extract changed sleep rhythms and delta power during the inactive phase of NREM sleep, indicating improved sleep quality. Our findings suggested that dietary TA extract could be a promising natural aid that alleviates sleep problems via thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyomi Miyazaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Nanako Itoh
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Papawee Saiki
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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Lyu J, Zhao Y, Zhang N, Xu X, Zheng R, Yu W, Xin W, Yan C, Ji K. Bezafibrate Rescues Mitochondrial Encephalopathy in Mice via Induction of Daily Torpor and Hypometabolic State. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:994-1006. [PMID: 35334081 PMCID: PMC9294104 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS) is one of the most common mitochondrial encephalopathy diseases in infants. To date, there is still an absence of effective therapy. Bezafibrate (BEZ), a pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, ameliorates the phenotype of the mouse model of mitochondrial disease via an unclear mechanism. Here, we applied it to Ndufs4 knockout (KO) mice, a widely used LS animal model, to observe the therapeutic effects and metabolic changes associated with BEZ treatment to explore the therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial diseases. Administration of BEZ significantly enhances survival and attenuates disease progression in Ndufs4 KO mice. Decreased oxidative stress and stunted growth were also observed. As a PPAR agonist, we did not find mitochondrial biogenesis or enhanced metabolism upon BEZ treatment. On the contrary, mice with dietary BEZ showed daily torpor bouts and lower metabolic rates. We speculate that activating energy-saving metabolism in mice may be associated with the therapeutic effects of BEZ, but the exact mechanism of action requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Lyu
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xuebi Xu
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Nanbaixiang Street, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology Qilu Hospital, Qingdao of Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, Shandong, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wang Xin
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology Qilu Hospital, Qingdao of Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, Shandong, China
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Kunqian Ji
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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The Influence of Ketone Bodies on Circadian Processes Regarding Appetite, Sleep and Hormone Release: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071410. [PMID: 35406023 PMCID: PMC9002750 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrononutrition is an emerging branch of chronobiology focusing on the profound interactions between biological rhythms and metabolism. This framework suggests that, just like all biological processes, even nutrition follows a circadian pattern. Recent findings elucidated the metabolic roles of circadian clocks in the regulation of both hormone release and the daily feeding–fasting cycle. Apart from serving as energy fuel, ketone bodies play pivotal roles as signaling mediators and drivers of gene transcription, promoting food anticipation and loss of appetite. Herein we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of the ketogenic diets on biological processes that follow circadian rhythms, among them appetite, sleep, and endocrine function.
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Di T, Yu W, Chen L. Exposure of male mice to perfluorooctanoic acid induces anxiety-like behaviors by increasing corticotropin-releasing factor in the basolateral amygdala complex. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132170. [PMID: 34826932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a hazardous environmental pollutant, has been found to enhance hepatic synthesis of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). FGF21 can enter the brain and increase the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). In this study, adult male mice were orally administered PFOA to evaluate how it regulates emotion. Exposure of mice to PFOA (1 mg kg-1 bw) for 10 consecutive days (PFOA-mice) caused anxiety-like behaviors and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-dependent increase in hepatic FGF21 synthesis. The levels of CRF expression in not only PVN but also basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) neurons of PFOA-mice were increased via FGF receptor 1 (FGF-R1) activation. However, the microinjection of FGF-R1 or CRF 1 receptor (CRF-R1) antagonist in the BLA rather than the PVN of PFOA-mice could relieve their anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, external capsule-BLA synaptic transmission in PFOA-mice was enhanced by increasing CRF-R1-mediated presynaptic glutamate release, which was corrected by the blockade of PPARα, FGF-R1 and CRF-R1 or the inhibition of PKA. Furthermore, the threshold of frequency-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) induction was decreased in the BLA of PFOA-mice, which depended on the activation of PPARα, FGF-R1, CRF-R1, PKA and NMDA receptor (NMDAR), whereas long-term depression (LTD) induction was unchanged. Thus, the results indicate that the exposure of male mice to PFOA (1 mg kg-1 bw) enhances CRF expression in BLA neurons by increasing hepatic FGF21 synthesis, which then enhances CRF-R1-mediated presynaptic glutamate release to facilitate NMDAR-dependent BLA-LTP induction, leading to the production of anxiety-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhaochun Shi
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tingting Di
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Barrea L, Pugliese G, Frias-Toral E, Napolitano B, Laudisio D, Aprano S, Ceriani F, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Is there a relationship between the ketogenic diet and sleep disorders? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:285-295. [PMID: 34702129 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1993154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are very often underestimated and, consequently, not treated with due priority. Common sleep disorders include insomnia disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, parasomnias, and other sleep disorders. The ketogenic diet (KD) is rich in fat, low in carbohydrates (CHO), and adequate in protein. The KD has shown several applications in treating medical conditions, such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity with its comorbidities, and sleep disorders, with encouraging results. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address the primary sleep disorders and their respective standard therapeutic approaches, analyse the effect of ketone bodies (KBs) on sleep homeostasis, and the effects of KD on sleep disorders and in particular on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome. The goal is to summarise the evidence existing up to now on the subject, to provide a starting point for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- Clinical Research Associate Professor for Palliative Care Residency from Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Bruno Napolitano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Aprano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Florencia Ceriani
- Nutrition School, Universidad de la Republica (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Feeding Rhythm-Induced Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein Elevation via Glucocorticoids Leads to Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910831. [PMID: 34639172 PMCID: PMC8509554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian phase shifts in peripheral clocks induced by changes in feeding rhythm often result in insulin resistance. However, whether the hypothalamic control system for energy metabolism is involved in the feeding rhythm-related development of insulin resistance is unknown. Here, we show the physiological significance and mechanism of the involvement of the agouti-related protein (AgRP) in evening feeding-associated alterations in insulin sensitivity. Evening feeding during the active dark period increased hypothalamic AgRP expression and skeletal muscle insulin resistance in mice. Inhibiting AgRP expression by administering an antisense oligo or a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mitigated these effects. AgRP-producing neuron-specific glucocorticoid receptor-knockout (AgRP-GR-KO) mice had normal skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity even under evening feeding schedules. Hepatic vagotomy enhanced AgRP expression in the hypothalamus even during ad-lib feeding in wild-type mice but not in AgRP-GR-KO mice. The findings of this study indicate that feeding in the late active period may affect hypothalamic AgRP expression via glucocorticoids and induce skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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Madadzadeh M, Abbasnejad M, Mollashahi M, Pourrahimi AM, Esmaeili-Mahani S. Phytohormone abscisic acid boosts pentobarbital-induced sleep through activation of GABA-A, PPARβ and PPARγ receptor signaling. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:216-221. [PMID: 33886795 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2019-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders induce anxiety and forgetfulness and change habits. The chemical hypnotic drugs currently used have serious side effects and, therefore, people are drawn towards using natural compounds such as plant-based healing agents. Abscisic acid (ABA) is produced in a variety of mammalian tissues and it is involved in many neurophysiological functions. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible effect of ABA on pentobarbital-induced sleep and its possible signaling through GABA-A and PPAR (γ and β) receptors, in male Wistar rats. METHODS The possible effect of ABA (5 and 10 µg/rat, intracerebroventricularly) on sleep onset latency time and duration was evaluated in a V-maze model of sleep. Pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was injected to induce sleep 30 min after administration of ABA. PPARβ (GSK0660, 80 nM/rat), PPARγ (GW9662, 3 nM/rat) or GABA-A receptor (bicuculline, 6 µg/rat) antagonists were given 15 min before ABA injection. Diazepam (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was used as a positive control group. RESULTS ABA at 5 µg significantly boosted the pentobarbital-induced subhypnotic effects and promoted induction of sleep onset in a manner comparable to diazepam treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment with bicuculline significantly abolished the ABA effects on sleep parameters, while the amplifying effects of ABA on the induction of sleep onset was not significantly affected by PPARβ or PPARγ antagonists. The sleep prolonging effect of ABA was significantly prevented by both PPAR antagonists. CONCLUSIONS The data showed that ABA boosts pentobarbital-induced sleep and that GABA-A, PPARβ and PPARγ receptors are, at least in part, involved in ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Madadzadeh
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mollashahi
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Pourrahimi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Kerman, Iran
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Dharavath RN, Arora S, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M, Chopra K. Saroglitazar, a novel dual PPAR-α/γ agonist, reverses high fat-low protein diet-induced metabolic and cognitive aberrations in C57BL/6J male mice. Life Sci 2021; 271:119191. [PMID: 33571514 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Insulin resistance (IR) has become one of the major causative factors for the pathogenesis of various metabolic and neurometabolic diseases. The sedentary lifestyle in association with the consumption of protein-deficient and high-calorie diet results in IR development. This study was aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Saroglitazar (SGZ), a dual peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-α/γ) in a high fat-low protein diet (HFLPD) fed mouse model of MetS and associated cognitive deficits. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFLPD plus 15% oral fructose solution for 16 weeks. Starting at the 13th week, SGZ (5 & 10 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered along with HFLPD for four weeks, i.e., the 12th to 16th week of the study groups. Various physiological, serum metabolic, neurobehavioral, neuroinflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters were assessed. The brain histopathology and mRNA expression of diverse genes in specific brain regions were also estimated. RESULTS The treatment with SGZ at both doses have significantly reversed various HFLPD-induced metabolic and cognitive alterations by improving the glucose and lipid profile in the periphery in addition to the enhanced cerebral glucose homeostasis, BBB integrity, reduced oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the SGZ improved locomotion and memory retention while reducing the HFLPD-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the mice. CONCLUSIONS SGZ treatment showed significant metabo-neuroprotective effects in mice fed with HFLPD, possibly through peripherally mediated activation of PPAR-α/γ and insulin downstream signaling in the cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Naik Dharavath
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shiyana Arora
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140603, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140603, India.
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Aouizerat BE, Byun E, Pullinger CR, Gay C, Lerdal A, Lee KA. Sleep disruption and duration are associated with variants in genes involved in energy homeostasis in adults with HIV/AIDS. Sleep Med 2020; 82:84-95. [PMID: 33906044 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether selected genes and plasma markers involved in energy homeostasis are associated with sleep disruption or duration in adults with HIV/AIDS. METHODS A sample of 289 adults with HIV/AIDS wore a wrist actigraph for 72 h to estimate total sleep time (TST) and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Twenty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) spanning 5 energy homeostasis genes (adiponectin [ADIPOQ], ghrelin [GHRL], leptin [LEP], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha [PPARA], and -gamma [PPARG]) were genotyped using a custom array. Plasma markers of energy homeostasis (adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin) were measured by commercial multiplex assay. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics (race/ethnicity, gender, CD4 cell count, waist circumference, medications), both WASO and TST were associated with SNPs in ADIPOQ (rs182052), LEP (rs10244329, rs3828942), PPARA (rs135551, rs4253655), and PPARG (rs709151). Additional SNPs in ADIPOQ were associated with WASO (rs1501299, rs3821799, rs6773957) and TST (rs2241766). TST was also associated with SNPs in GHRL (rs26802), LEP (rs11760956), PPARA (rs135547, rs8138102, rs4253776), and PPARG (rs12490265, rs796313). Many covariate-adjusted associations involved a significant interaction with markers of HIV (viral load, years since diagnosis). Among plasma markers, higher adiponectin was associated with less WASO, higher ghrelin and glucose levels with shorter TST, and higher leptin with longer TST. CONCLUSIONS Replication of SNPs in all five genes and three plasma markers of energy homeostasis were associated with objective sleep measures. HIV disease influenced many of the associations. Findings strengthen evidence for associations between energy homeostasis genetics and poor sleep, and provide direction for pharmacological intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, NY, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, NY, USA.
| | - Eeeseung Byun
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clive R Pullinger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caryl Gay
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Patient Safety and Research, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anners Lerdal
- Department of Patient Safety and Research, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathryn A Lee
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Northeast RC, Huang Y, McKillop LE, Bechtold DA, Peirson SN, Piggins HD, Vyazovskiy VV. Sleep homeostasis during daytime food entrainment in mice. Sleep 2020; 42:5536856. [PMID: 31329251 PMCID: PMC6802571 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four hour rhythms of physiology and behavior are driven by the environment and an internal endogenous timing system. Daily restricted feeding (RF) in nocturnal rodents during their inactive phase initiates food anticipatory activity (FAA) and a reorganization of the typical 24-hour sleep-wake structure. Here, we investigate the effects of daytime feeding, where food access was restricted to 4 hours during the light period ZT4-8 (Zeitgeber time; ZT0 is lights on), on sleep-wake architecture and sleep homeostasis in mice. Following 10 days of RF, mice were returned to ad libitum feeding. To mimic the spontaneous wakefulness associated with FAA and daytime feeding, mice were then sleep deprived between ZT3-6. Although the amount of wake increased during FAA and subsequent feeding, total wake time over 24 hours remained stable as the loss of sleep in the light phase was compensated for by an increase in sleep in the dark phase. Interestingly, sleep that followed spontaneous wake episodes during the dark period and the extended period of wake associated with FAA, exhibited lower levels of slow-wave activity (SWA) when compared to baseline or after sleep deprivation, despite a similar duration of waking. This suggests an evolutionary mechanism of reducing sleep drive during negative energy balance to enable greater arousal for food-seeking behaviors. However, the total amount of sleep and SWA accumulated during the 24 hours was similar between baseline and RF. In summary, our study suggests that despite substantial changes in the daily distribution and quality of wake induced by RF, sleep homeostasis is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Northeast
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Yige Huang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Laura E McKillop
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - David A Bechtold
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford.,Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Zhang Y, Cao X, Chen L, Qin Y, Xu Y, Tian Y, Chen L. Exposure of female mice to perfluorooctanoic acid suppresses hypothalamic kisspeptin-reproductive endocrine system through enhanced hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 synthesis, leading to ovulation failure and prolonged dioestrus. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12848. [PMID: 32307816 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely used in household applications. High-dose exposure to PFOA has been associated with increased risks of infertility and premature ovarian insufficiency in woman. PFOA can alter hepatic gene expression by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). The present study investigated whether exposure to PFOA via PPARα activation alters the synthesis of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) to disturb female neuroendocrine and reproductive function. In the present study, we show that the oral administration of PFOA (2 or 5 mg kg-1 ) in adult female mice (PFOA mice) caused prolonged dioestrous, a reduction in the number of corpora lutea and decreased levels of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, serum progesterone and luteinising hormone (LH). Exposure to PFOA decreased the expression of vasopressin in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and kisspeptin in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) with deficits in preovulation or oestrogen-induced LH surge. PFOA via activation of PPARα increased dose-dependently hepatic FGF21 expression, leading to elevated serum and hypothalamic FGF21 concentrations. Treatment of PFOA mice with the PPARα antagonist GW6471 or the FGF21 inhibitor PD173074 rescued SCN vasopressin and AVPV-kisspeptin expression. Either administration of GW6471 and PD173074 or treatment with vasopressin and the G protein coupled receptor 54 agonist kisspeptin-10 in PFOA-mice was able to recover the regular oestrous cycle, ovulation ability, LH surge production and reproductive hormone levels. The present study provides in vivo evidence that exposure to PFOA (≥2 mg kg-1 ) in mice causes down-regulation of the kisspeptin-reproductive endocrine system by enhancing PPARα-mediated hepatic FGF21 expression. The liver-brain reproductive endocrine disorder caused by PFOA exposure may lead to prolonged dioestrous and ovulation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyuan Cao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environment Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyao Qin
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Tian
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environment Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Kondo Y, Chikahisa S, Shiuchi T, Shimizu N, Tanioka D, Uguisu H, Séi H. Sleep profile during fasting in PPAR-alpha knockout mice. Physiol Behav 2020; 214:112760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Kiriyama K, Goto T, Yamamoto H, Ara T, Takahashi H, Jheng HF, Nomura W, Inoue H, Nakata R, Kawada T. Lactobacillus helveticus-MIKI-020 enhances hepatic FGF21 expression and decreases the core body temperature during sleep in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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18
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Chikahisa S, Chida D, Shiuchi T, Harada S, Shimizu N, Otsuka A, Tanioka D, Séi H. Enhancement of fear learning in PPARα knockout mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:664-670. [PMID: 30278189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and regulates fatty acid oxidation. Although PPARα is expressed not only in the peripheral tissues but also in the brain, its role in higher brain function is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of PPARα in the control of behavior, including memory/learning and mood change, using PPARα knockout (KO) mice. A significant difference between wild-type (WT) and KO mice was seen in the passive avoidance test, demonstrating that KO mice showed enhanced fear leaning. In the amygdala of KO mice, the levels of dopamine and its metabolites were increased, and the mRNA expression of dopamine degrading enzyme was decreased. When dopamine D1 receptor antagonist was administered, the enhanced fear learning observed in KO mice was attenuated. These results suggest that PPARα is involved in the regulation of emotional memory via the dopamine pathway in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Chikahisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Daiki Chida
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan; Student Lab, Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saki Harada
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan; Student Lab, Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shimizu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Airi Otsuka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanioka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Séi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Sleep, an integrated physiological function of living body. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-018-0182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Mast cell involvement in glucose tolerance impairment caused by chronic mild stress with sleep disturbance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13640. [PMID: 29057915 PMCID: PMC5651881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a chronic mild stress (MS) mouse model by simply rearing mice on a wire net for 3 weeks and investigated the effects of MS on glucose homeostasis and sleep. MS mice showed impaired glucose tolerance and disturbed sleep. One-week treatment with a histamine H1 receptor antagonist (H1RA) ameliorated the glucose intolerance and improved sleep quality in MS mice. MS mice showed an increased number of mast cells in both adipose tissue and the brain. Inhibition of mast cell function ameliorated the impairment in both glucose tolerance and sleep. Together, these findings indicate that mast cells may represent an important pathophysiological mediator in sleep and energy homeostasis.
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Evidence that activation of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) modulates sleep homeostasis in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:156-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Chang GQ, Karatayev O, Lukatskaya O, Leibowitz SF. Prenatal fat exposure and hypothalamic PPAR β/δ: Possible relationship to increased neurogenesis of orexigenic peptide neurons. Peptides 2016; 79:16-26. [PMID: 27002387 PMCID: PMC4872302 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to a fat-rich diet, while elevating maternal circulating fatty acids, increases in the offspring's hypothalamus and amygdala the proliferation and density of neurons that express neuropeptides known to stimulate consummatory behavior. To understand the relationship between these phenomena, this study examined in the brain of postnatal offspring (day 15) the effect of prenatal fat exposure on the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ, which is sensitive to fatty acids, and the relationship of PPAR β/δ to the orexigenic neuropeptides, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, and enkephalin. Prenatal exposure to a fat-rich diet compared to low-fat chow increased the density of cells immunoreactive for PPAR β/δ in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFLH), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), but not the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus or basolateral amygdaloid nucleus. It also increased co-labeling of PPAR β/δ with the cell proliferation marker, BrdU, or neuronal marker, NeuN, and the triple labeling of PPAR β/δ with BrdU plus NeuN, indicating an increase in proliferation and density of new PPAR β/δ neurons. Prenatal fat exposure stimulated the double-labeling of PPAR β/δ with orexin or melanin-concentrating hormone in the PFLH and enkephalin in the PVN and CeA and also triple-labeling of PPAR β/δ with BrdU and these neuropeptides, indicating that dietary fat increases the genesis of PPAR β/δ neurons that produce these peptides. These findings demonstrate a close anatomical relationship between PPAR β/δ and the increased proliferation and density of peptide-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus and amygdala of fat-exposed offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-Q Chang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Karatayev
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Lukatskaya
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S F Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Sleep as a biological problem: an overview of frontiers in sleep research. J Physiol Sci 2015; 66:1-13. [PMID: 26541158 PMCID: PMC4742504 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a physiological process not only for the rest of the body but also for several brain functions such as mood, memory, and consciousness. Nevertheless, the nature and functions of sleep remain largely unknown due to its extremely complicated nature and lack of optimized technology for the experiments. Here we review the recent progress in the biology of the mammalian sleep, which covers a wide range of research areas: the basic knowledge about sleep, the physiology of cerebral cortex in sleeping animals, the detailed morphological features of thalamocortical networks, the mechanisms underlying fluctuating activity of autonomic nervous systems during rapid eye movement sleep, the cutting-edge technology of tissue clearing for visualization of the whole brain, the ketogenesis-mediated homeostatic regulation of sleep, and the forward genetic approach for identification of novel genes involved in sleep. We hope this multifaceted review will be helpful for researchers who are interested in the biology of sleep.
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Mijangos-Moreno S, Poot-Aké A, Guzmán K, Arankowsky-Sandoval G, Arias-Carrión O, Zaldívar-Rae J, Sarro-Ramírez A, Murillo-Rodríguez E. Sleep and neurochemical modulation by the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) in rat. Neurosci Res 2015; 105:65-9. [PMID: 26450400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a nuclear protein that plays an essential role in diverse neurobiological processes. However, the role of PPARα on the sleep modulation is unknown. Here, rats treated with an intrahypothalamic injection of Wy14643 (10μg/1μL; PPARα agonist) enhanced wakefulness and decreased slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep whereas MK-886 (10μg/1μL; PPARα antagonist) promoted opposite effects. Moreover, Wy14643 increased dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and adenosine contents collected from nucleus accumbens. The levels of these neurochemicals were diminished after MK-886 treatment. The current findings suggest that PPARα may participate in the sleep and neurochemical modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mijangos-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Alwin Poot-Aké
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Khalil Guzmán
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jaime Zaldívar-Rae
- Coordinación de Investigación, Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollos Tecnológicos para la Salud, División de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Andrea Sarro-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollos Tecnológicos para la Salud, División de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Poon K, Alam M, Karatayev O, Barson JR, Leibowitz SF. Regulation of the orexigenic neuropeptide, enkephalin, by PPARδ and fatty acids in neurons of the hypothalamus and forebrain. J Neurochem 2015; 135:918-31. [PMID: 26332891 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of a high-fat diet composed mainly of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic (PA), and the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic (OA), stimulates transcription in the brain of the opioid neuropeptide, enkephalin (ENK), which promotes intake of substances of abuse. To understand possible underlying mechanisms, this study examined the nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and tested in hypothalamic and forebrain neurons from rat embryos whether PPARs regulate endogenous ENK and the fatty acids themselves affect these PPARs and ENK. The first set of experiments demonstrated that knocking down PPARδ, but not PPARα or PPARγ, increased ENK transcription, activation of PPARδ by an agonist decreased ENK levels, and PPARδ neurons coexpressed ENK, suggesting that PPARδ negatively regulates ENK. In the second set of experiments, PA treatment of hypothalamic and forebrain neurons had no effect on PPARδ protein while stimulating ENK mRNA and protein, whereas OA increased both mRNA and protein levels of PPARδ in forebrain neurons while having no effect on ENK mRNA and increasing ENK levels. These findings show that PA has a strong, stimulatory effect on ENK and weak effect on PPARδ protein, whereas OA has a strong stimulatory effect on PPARδ and weak effect on ENK, consistent with the inhibitory effect of PPARδ on ENK. They suggest a function for PPARδ, perhaps protective in nature, in embryonic neurons exposed to fatty acids from a fat-rich diet and provide evidence for a mechanism contributing to differential effects of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids on neurochemical systems involved in consummatory behavior. Our findings show that PPARδ in forebrain and hypothalamic neurons negatively regulates enkephalin (ENK), a peptide known to promote ingestive behavior. This inverse relationship is consistent with our additional findings, that a saturated (palmitic; PA) compared to a monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic; OA) has a strong stimulatory effect on ENK and weak effect on PPARδ. These results suggest that PPARδ protects against the neuronal effects of fatty acids, which differentially affect neurochemical systems involved in ingestive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinning Poon
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mohammad Alam
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Olga Karatayev
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jessica R Barson
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sarah F Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
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26
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Nishikawa M, Ishimori N, Takada S, Saito A, Kadoguchi T, Furihata T, Fukushima A, Matsushima S, Yokota T, Kinugawa S, Tsutsui H. AST-120 ameliorates lowered exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle from mice with chronic kidney disease via reducing oxidative stress. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:934-42. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Oxalic acid and diacylglycerol 36:3 are cross-species markers of sleep debt. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2569-74. [PMID: 25675494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417432112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential biological process that is thought to have a critical role in metabolic regulation. In humans, reduced sleep duration has been associated with risk for metabolic disorders, including weight gain, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying effects of sleep loss is only in its nascent stages. In this study we used rat and human models to simulate modern-day conditions of restricted sleep and addressed cross-species consequences via comprehensive metabolite profiling. Serum from sleep-restricted rats was analyzed using polar and nonpolar methods in two independent datasets (n = 10 per study, 3,380 measured features, 407 identified). A total of 38 features were changed across independent experiments, with the majority classified as lipids (18 from 28 identified). In a parallel human study, 92 metabolites were identified as potentially significant, with the majority also classified as lipids (32 of 37 identified). Intriguingly, two metabolites, oxalic acid and diacylglycerol 36:3, were robustly and quantitatively reduced in both species following sleep restriction, and recovered to near baseline levels after sleep restriction (P < 0.05, false-discovery rate < 0.2). Elevated phospholipids were also noted after sleep restriction in both species, as well as metabolites associated with an oxidizing environment. In addition, polar metabolites reflective of neurotransmitters, vitamin B3, and gut metabolism were elevated in sleep-restricted humans. These results are consistent with induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and disruptions of the circadian clock. The findings provide a potential link between known pathologies of reduced sleep duration and metabolic dysfunction, and potential biomarkers for sleep loss.
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28
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Yasumoto Y, Nakao R, Oishi K. Free access to a running-wheel advances the phase of behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms and peripheral molecular clocks in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116476. [PMID: 25615603 PMCID: PMC4304828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms are controlled by endogenous oscillators in animals. Voluntary wheel-running in rodents is thought to be an appropriate model of aerobic exercise in humans. We evaluated the effects of chronic voluntary exercise on the circadian system by analyzing temporal profiles of feeding, core body temperature, plasma hormone concentrations and peripheral expression of clock and clock-controlled genes in mice housed under sedentary (SED) conditions or given free access to a running-wheel (RW) for four weeks. Voluntary wheel-running activity advanced the circadian phases of increases in body temperature, food intake and corticosterone secretion in the mice. The circadian expression of clock and clock-controlled genes was tissue- and gene-specifically affected in the RW mice. The temporal expression of E-box-dependent circadian clock genes such as Per1, Per2, Nr1d1 and Dbp were slightly, but significantly phase-advanced in the liver and white adipose tissue, but not in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Peak levels of Per1, Per2 and Nr1d1 expression were significantly increased in the skeletal muscle of RW mice. The circadian phase and levels of hepatic mRNA expression of the clock-controlled genes that are involved in cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism significantly differed between SED and RW mice. These findings indicated that endogenous clock-governed voluntary wheel-running activity provides feedback to the central circadian clock that systemically governs behavioral and physiological rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yasumoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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29
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He ZX, Zhou ZW, Yang Y, Yang T, Pan SY, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. Overview of clinically approved oral antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:125-38. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences; Guiyang Medical University; Guiyang China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
| | - Yinxue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Pharmacology; School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
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30
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Ferguson LB, Most D, Blednov YA, Harris RA. PPAR agonists regulate brain gene expression: relationship to their effects on ethanol consumption. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:397-407. [PMID: 25036611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Although prescribed for dyslipidemia and type-II diabetes, PPAR agonists also possess anti-addictive characteristics. PPAR agonists decrease ethanol consumption and reduce withdrawal severity and susceptibility to stress-induced relapse in rodents. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms facilitating these properties have yet to be investigated. We tested three PPAR agonists in a continuous access two-bottle choice (2BC) drinking paradigm and found that tesaglitazar (PPARα/γ; 1.5 mg/kg) and fenofibrate (PPARα; 150 mg/kg) decreased ethanol consumption in male C57BL/6J mice while bezafibrate (PPARα/γ/β; 75 mg/kg) did not. We hypothesized that changes in brain gene expression following fenofibrate and tesaglitazar treatment lead to reduced ethanol drinking. We studied unbiased genomic profiles in areas of the brain known to be important for ethanol dependence, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala, and also profiled gene expression in liver. Genomic profiles from the non-effective bezafibrate treatment were used to filter out genes not associated with ethanol consumption. Because PPAR agonists are anti-inflammatory, they would be expected to target microglia and astrocytes. Surprisingly, PPAR agonists produced a strong neuronal signature in mouse brain, and fenofibrate and tesaglitazar (but not bezafibrate) targeted a subset of GABAergic interneurons in the amygdala. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed co-expression of treatment-significant genes. Functional annotation of these gene networks suggested that PPAR agonists might act via neuropeptide and dopaminergic signaling pathways in the amygdala. Our results reveal gene targets through which PPAR agonists can affect alcohol consumption behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Ferguson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; The Institute for Neuroscience (INS), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - Dana Most
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; The Institute for Neuroscience (INS), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Yuri A Blednov
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - R Adron Harris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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31
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Chikahisa S, Shimizu N, Shiuchi T, Séi H. Ketone body metabolism and sleep homeostasis in mice. Neuropharmacology 2013; 79:399-404. [PMID: 24361452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A link has been established between energy metabolism and sleep homeostasis. The ketone bodies acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, generated from the breakdown of fatty acids, are major metabolic fuels for the brain under conditions of low glucose availability. Ketogenesis is modulated by the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and treatment with a PPAR activator has been shown to induce a marked increase in plasma acetoacetate and decreased β-hydroxybutyrate in mice, accompanied by increased slow-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The present study investigated the role of ketone bodies in sleep regulation. Six-hour sleep deprivation increased plasma ketone bodies and their ratio (acetoacetate/β-hydroxybutyrate) in 10-week-old male mice. Moreover, sleep deprivation increased mRNA expression of ketogenic genes such as PPARα and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate-CoA synthase 2 in the brain and decreased ketolytic enzymes such as succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase. In addition, central injection of acetoacetate, but not β-hydroxybutyrate, markedly increased slow-wave activity during NREM sleep and suppressed glutamate release. Central metabolism of ketone bodies, especially acetoacetate, appears to play a role in the regulation of sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Chikahisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shimizu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Séi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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32
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Chikahisa S, Kodama T, Soya A, Sagawa Y, Ishimaru Y, Séi H, Nishino S. Histamine from brain resident MAST cells promotes wakefulness and modulates behavioral states. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78434. [PMID: 24205232 PMCID: PMC3800008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell activation and degranulation can result in the release of various chemical mediators, such as histamine and cytokines, which significantly affect sleep. Mast cells also exist in the central nervous system (CNS). Since up to 50% of histamine contents in the brain are from brain mast cells, mediators from brain mast cells may significantly influence sleep and other behaviors. In this study, we examined potential involvement of brain mast cells in sleep/wake regulations, focusing especially on the histaminergic system, using mast cell deficient (W/Wv) mice. No significant difference was found in the basal amount of sleep/wake between W/Wv mice and their wild-type littermates (WT), although W/Wv mice showed increased EEG delta power and attenuated rebound response after sleep deprivation. Intracerebroventricular injection of compound 48/80, a histamine releaser from mast cells, significantly increased histamine levels in the ventricular region and enhanced wakefulness in WT mice, while it had no effect in W/Wv mice. Injection of H1 antagonists (triprolidine and mepyramine) significantly increased the amounts of slow-wave sleep in WT mice, but not in W/Wv mice. Most strikingly, the food-seeking behavior observed in WT mice during food deprivation was completely abolished in W/Wv mice. W/Wv mice also exhibited higher anxiety and depression levels compared to WT mice. Our findings suggest that histamine released from brain mast cells is wake-promoting, and emphasizes the physiological and pharmacological importance of brain mast cells in the regulation of sleep and fundamental neurobehavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Chikahisa
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tohru Kodama
- Department of Psychophysiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Soya
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Yohei Sagawa
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Yuji Ishimaru
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Hiroyoshi Séi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Shimizu N, Chikahisa S, Nishi Y, Harada S, Iwaki Y, Fujihara H, Kitaoka K, Shiuchi T, Séi H. Maternal dietary restriction alters offspring's sleep homeostasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64263. [PMID: 23741310 PMCID: PMC3669365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional state in the gestation period influences fetal growth and development. We hypothesized that undernutrition during gestation would affect offspring sleep architecture and/or homeostasis. Pregnant female mice were assigned to either control (fed ad libitum; AD) or 50% dietary restriction (DR) groups from gestation day 12 to parturition. After parturition, dams were fed AD chow. After weaning, the pups were also fed AD into adulthood. At adulthood (aged 8-9 weeks), we carried out sleep recordings. Although offspring mice displayed a significantly reduced body weight at birth, their weights recovered three days after birth. Enhancement of electroencephalogram (EEG) slow wave activity (SWA) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was observed in the DR mice over a 24-hour period without changing the diurnal pattern or amounts of wake, NREM, or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In addition, DR mice also displayed an enhancement of EEG-SWA rebound after a 6-hour sleep deprivation and a higher threshold for waking in the face of external stimuli. DR adult offspring mice exhibited small but significant increases in the expression of hypothalamic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Pparα) and brain-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1c) mRNA, two genes involved in lipid metabolism. Undernutrition during pregnancy may influence sleep homeostasis, with offspring exhibiting greater sleep pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Shimizu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sachiko Chikahisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuina Nishi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Student Lab, University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saki Harada
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Student Lab, University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yohei Iwaki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujihara
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kitaoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Séi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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34
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Takada S, Kinugawa S, Hirabayashi K, Suga T, Yokota T, Takahashi M, Fukushima A, Homma T, Ono T, Sobirin MA, Masaki Y, Mizushima W, Kadoguchi T, Okita K, Tsutsui H. Angiotensin II receptor blocker improves the lowered exercise capacity and impaired mitochondrial function of the skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetic mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:844-57. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00053.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H oxidase-induced oxidative stress is at least in part involved with lowered exercise capacity and impaired mitochondrial function in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. NAD(P)H oxidase can be activated by activation of the renin-angiotensin system. We investigated whether ANG II receptor blocker can improve exercise capacity in diabetic mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD, and each group of mice was divided into two groups: treatment with or without olmesartan (OLM; 3 mg·kg−1·day−1 in the drinking water). The following groups of mice were studied: ND, ND+OLM, HFD, and HFD+OLM ( n = 10 for each group). After 8 wk, HFD significantly increased body weight, plasma glucose, and insulin compared with ND, and OLM did not affect these parameters in either group. Exercise capacity, as determined by treadmill tests, was significantly reduced in HFD, and this reduction was ameliorated in HFD+OLM. ADP-dependent mitochondrial respiration was significantly decreased, and NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide production by lucigenin chemiluminescence were significantly increased in skeletal muscle from HFD, which were attenuated by OLM. There were no such effects by OLM in ND. We concluded that OLM ameliorated the decrease in exercise capacity in diabetic mice via improvement in mitochondrial function and attenuation of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. These data may have a clinical impact on exercise capacity in the medical treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kagami Hirabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashige Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Arata Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Homma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Masaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Mizushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kadoguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Okita
- Graduate School of Program in Lifelong Learning Studies, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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35
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Chu LP, Swoap SJ. Oral bezafibrate induces daily torpor and FGF21 in mice in a PPAR alpha dependent manner. J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Potthoff MJ, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ. Endocrine fibroblast growth factors 15/19 and 21: from feast to famine. Genes Dev 2012; 26:312-24. [PMID: 22302876 PMCID: PMC3289879 DOI: 10.1101/gad.184788.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We review the physiology and pharmacology of two atypical fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)-FGF15/19 and FGF21-that can function as hormones. Both FGF15/19 and FGF21 act on multiple tissues to coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in response to nutritional status. Whereas FGF15/19 is secreted from the small intestine in response to feeding and has insulin-like actions, FGF21 is secreted from the liver in response to extended fasting and has glucagon-like effects. FGF21 also acts in an autocrine fashion in several tissues, including adipose. The pharmacological actions of FGF15/19 and FGF21 make them attractive drug candidates for treating metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven A. Kliewer
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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37
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Wisor JP. A metabolic-transcriptional network links sleep and cellular energetics in the brain. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:15-22. [PMID: 21927810 PMCID: PMC4086657 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review proposes a mechanistic link between cellular metabolic status, transcriptional regulatory changes and sleep. Sleep loss is associated with changes in cellular metabolic status in the brain. Metabolic sensors responsive to cellular metabolic status regulate the circadian clock transcriptional network. Modifications of the transcriptional activity of circadian clock genes affect sleep/wake state changes. Changes in sleep state reverse sleep loss-induced changes in cellular metabolic status. It is thus proposed that the regulation of circadian clock genes by cellular metabolic sensors is a critical intermediate step in the link between cellular metabolic status and sleep. Studies of this regulatory relationship may offer insights into the function of sleep at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Wisor
- WWAMI Medical Education Program and Department of Veterinary Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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Shimizu N, Chikahisa S, Kitaoka K, Nishino S, Séi H. Refeeding after a 24-hour fasting deepens NREM sleep in a time-dependent manner. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:480-7. [PMID: 21605579 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep/wake cycle is regulated by a variety of neuropeptides in the hypothalamus, a brain region that also regulates energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. Since circadian rhythms are affected by energy metabolism and feeding condition, we investigated whether changes in feeding regimen would influence sleep/wake parameters and body temperature. We monitored sleep and body temperature across three days of baseline (day 1), fasting (day 2), and refeeding (day 3) conditions under ordinary ambient temperature and employed different refeeding schedules. Refeeding at ZT1 following the 24-h fasting enhanced EEG delta power in NREM sleep. However, when the time of refeeding was set at either ZT7 or ZT12, the enhancement of EEG delta power was attenuated. The amount of NREM sleep was not largely affected by a 24-h fasting started at ZT1, although fasting that started at ZT12 changed the temporal distribution of NREM sleep. Hypothalamic nNOS mRNA level was increased both before and after refeeding at ZT1 compared with control condition, while there was no significant change in mice refed at ZT7. Level of NPY mRNA in the arcuate nucleus was increased before the refeeding only at ZT1. These results suggest that refeeding after a 24-h fasting makes NREM sleep deeper in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Shimizu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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FGF21 as an Endocrine Regulator in Lipid Metabolism: From Molecular Evolution to Physiology and Pathophysiology. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2011:981315. [PMID: 21331285 PMCID: PMC3038562 DOI: 10.1155/2011/981315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The FGF family comprises twenty-two structurally related proteins with functions in development and metabolism. The Fgf21 gene was generated early in vertebrate evolution. FGF21 acts as an endocrine regulator in lipid metabolism. Hepatic Fgf21 expression is markedly induced in mice by fasting or a ketogenic diet. Experiments with Fgf21 transgenic mice and cultured cells indicate that FGF21 exerts pharmacological effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in hepatocytes and adipocytes via cell surface FGF receptors. However, experiments with Fgf21 knockout mice indicate that FGF21 inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes during fasting and attenuates torpor induced by a ketogenic diet but maybe not a physiological regulator for these hepatic functions. These findings suggest the pharmacological effects to be distinct from the physiological roles. Serum FGF21 levels are increased in patients with metabolic diseases having insulin resistance, indicating that FGF21 is a metabolic regulator and a biomarker for these diseases.
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The perilipin homologue, lipid storage droplet 2, regulates sleep homeostasis and prevents learning impairments following sleep loss. PLoS Biol 2010; 8. [PMID: 20824166 PMCID: PMC2930866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Starvation, which is common in the wild, appears to initiate a genetic program that allows fruitflies to remain awake without the sleepiness and cognitive impairments that typically follow sleep deprivation. Extended periods of waking result in physiological impairments in humans, rats, and flies. Sleep homeostasis, the increase in sleep observed following sleep loss, is believed to counter the negative effects of prolonged waking by restoring vital biological processes that are degraded during sleep deprivation. Sleep homeostasis, as with other behaviors, is influenced by both genes and environment. We report here that during periods of starvation, flies remain spontaneously awake but, in contrast to sleep deprivation, do not accrue any of the negative consequences of prolonged waking. Specifically, the homeostatic response and learning impairments that are a characteristic of sleep loss are not observed following prolonged waking induced by starvation. Recently, two genes, brummer (bmm) and Lipid storage droplet 2 (Lsd2), have been shown to modulate the response to starvation. bmm mutants have excess fat and are resistant to starvation, whereas Lsd2 mutants are lean and sensitive to starvation. Thus, we hypothesized that bmm and Lsd2 may play a role in sleep regulation. Indeed, bmm mutant flies display a large homeostatic response following sleep deprivation. In contrast, Lsd2 mutant flies, which phenocopy aspects of starvation as measured by low triglyceride stores, do not exhibit a homeostatic response following sleep loss. Importantly, Lsd2 mutant flies are not learning impaired after sleep deprivation. These results provide the first genetic evidence, to our knowledge, that lipid metabolism plays an important role in regulating the homeostatic response and can protect against neuronal impairments induced by prolonged waking. It is well established in humans that sleep deficits lead to adverse outcomes, including cognitive impairments and an increased risk for obesity. Given the relationship between sleep and lipid stores, we hypothesized that metabolic pathways play a role in sleep regulation and contribute to deficits induced by sleep loss. Since starvation has a large impact on metabolic pathways and is an environmental condition that is encountered by animals living in the wild, we examined its effects on sleep in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Interestingly, when flies are starved they display an immediate increase in waking. However, in contrast to sleep deprivation, waking induced by starvation does not result in increased sleepiness or impairments in short-term memory. To identify the mechanisms underlying these processes, we evaluated mutants for genes that have been shown to alter an animal's response to starvation. Interestingly, brummer mutants, which are fat, show an exaggerated response to sleep loss. In contrast, mutants for Lipid storage droplet 2 are lean and are able to stay awake without becoming sleepy or showing signs of cognitive impairment. These results indicate that while sleep loss can alter lipids, lipid enzymes may, in turn, play a role in regulating sleep and influence the response to sleep deprivation.
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Kitaoka K, Sano A, Chikahisa S, Yoshizaki K, Séi H. Disturbance of rapid eye movement sleep in senescence-accelerated mouse prone/8 mice is improved by retinoic acid receptor agonist Am80 (tamibarotene). Neuroscience 2010; 167:573-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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ISHIDA NK, UCHIDA D, DOI R, OISHI K, CHIKAHISA S, SEI H, HAMASAKA Y, SUZUKI T, HANAI S. Role of PPARα in control of torpor through FGF21-NPY pathway: From circadian clock genes to seasonal change and cardiovascular disease. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2009.00413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang T, Shah YM, Matsubara T, Zhen Y, Tanabe T, Nagano T, Fotso S, Krausz KW, Zabriskie TM, Idle JR, Gonzalez FJ. Control of steroid 21-oic acid synthesis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:7670-85. [PMID: 20032461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.090175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study identified the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activation biomarkers 21-steroid carboxylic acids 11beta-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid (HDOPA) and 11beta,20-dihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-en-21-oic acid (DHOPA). In the present study, the molecular mechanism and the metabolic pathway of their production were determined. The PPARalpha-specific time-dependent increases in HDOPA and 20alpha-DHOPA paralleled the development of adrenal cortex hyperplasia, hypercortisolism, and spleen atrophy, which was attenuated in adrenalectomized mice. Wy-14,643 activation of PPARalpha induced hepatic FGF21, which caused increased neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein mRNAs in the hypothalamus, stimulation of the agouti-related protein/neuropeptide Y neurons, and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in increased adrenal cortex hyperplasia and corticosterone production, revealing a link between PPARalpha and the HPA axis in controlling energy homeostasis and immune regulation. Corticosterone was demonstrated as the precursor of 21-carboxylic acids both in vivo and in vitro. Under PPARalpha activation, the classic reductive metabolic pathway of corticosterone was suppressed, whereas an alternative oxidative pathway was uncovered that leads to the sequential oxidation on carbon 21 resulting in HDOPA. The latter was then reduced to the end product 20alpha-DHOPA. Hepatic cytochromes P450, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH3A2), and 21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C18) were found to be involved in this pathway. Activation of PPARalpha resulted in the induction of Aldh3a2 and Akr1c18, both of which were confirmed as target genes through introduction of promoter luciferase reporter constructs into mouse livers in vivo. This study underscores the power of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combined with genomic and physiologic analyses in identifying downstream metabolic biomarkers and the corresponding upstream molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Role of PPARα in the control of torpor through FGF21-NPY pathway: From circadian clock to seasonal change in mammals. PPAR Res 2009; 2009:412949. [PMID: 19536348 PMCID: PMC2695967 DOI: 10.1155/2009/412949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, hibernating animals encounter fasting, cold temperature and short day seasonally. Torpor is a state of decreased physiological activity in an animal, usually characterized by a reduced body temperature and rate of metabolism to adapt such a severe environment. Ablation of the central clock synchronizer, the suprachiasmatic nucleus in brain, abolishes torpor, a hibernation-like state, implicating the circadian clock involved in this seasonal change. Biologists knows well the energy source of daily heterotherms/hibernators changed from glucose to lipids in winter. Here we review several lines of evidence of a master transcriptional regulator in lipid catabolism, PPARα, in the control of torpor through FGF21-NPY pathway. This indicate the importance of circadian—and photoperiod—regulation of PPARα to tell seasons in our body.
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Regional distribution and the dynamics of n-decanoyl ghrelin, another acyl-form of ghrelin, upon fasting in rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 156:47-56. [PMID: 19445969 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
n-Decanoyl ghrelin (D-ghrelin), a member of ghrelin-derived peptides, is found in plasma and the stomach; however, there have so far been no studies describing its dynamics. A D-ghrelin-specific radioimmunoassay was established to examine the tissue distribution and the kinetics of D-ghrelin in mice. The effect of D-ghrelin on food intake was also examined and compared to n-octanoyl ghrelin (O-ghrelin). D-ghrelin was detected throughout the gastrointestinal tissue and plasma with highest level in the stomach. An immunofluorescent study revealed the co-localization of D- and O-ghrelin in the same stomach cells. Upon fasting, the levels of D-ghrelin in the stomach and plasma significantly increased, while that of O-ghrelin in the stomach declined. D-ghrelin increased the 2 h food consumption in mice as O-ghrelin does. These findings indicate that D-ghrelin is mainly produced in the stomach to work in concert with O-ghrelin. The different kinetics of D- and O-ghrelin in the stomach upon fasting implies the possibility of D-ghrelin-specific bioregulation.
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Abstract
Hibernation is one of the most dramatic examples of phenotypic plasticity in mammals. During periods of food shortage and/or reduced ambient temperatures hibernating mammals become heterothermic, allowing their body temperature to decrease while entering an energy-conserving torpid state. In order to survive the multi-month hibernation season many species engage in hyperphagy, dramatically increasing adipose stores prior to the onset of hibernation. Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of transcription factors many of which bind lipophilic molecules as ligands. They regulate a variety of processes including energy homeostasis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, inflammation and circadian rhythm. Given that lipids are integral in the hibernation phenotype they may play important regulatory roles through their interactions with nuclear receptors. Here we review current knowledge and suggest possible roles in mammalian hibernation for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), farnesoid X receptors (FXRs), liver X receptors (LXRs), retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs) and Rev-ERBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark J Nelson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Oishi K, Uchida D, Ishida N. Circadian expression ofFGF21is induced by PPARα activation in the mouse liver. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3639-42. [PMID: 18840432 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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