1
|
Bar-Sadeh B, Pnueli L, Keestra S, Bentley GR, Melamed P. Srd5a1 is Differentially Regulated and Methylated During Prepubertal Development in the Ovary and Hypothalamus. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad108. [PMID: 37646011 PMCID: PMC10461783 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
5α-reductase-1 catalyzes production of various steroids, including neurosteroids. We reported previously that expression of its encoding gene, Srd5a1, drops in murine ovaries and hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) after early-life immune stress, seemingly contributing to delayed puberty and ovarian follicle depletion, and in the ovaries the first intron was more methylated at two CpGs. Here, we hypothesized that this CpG-containing locus comprises a methylation-sensitive transcriptional enhancer for Srd5a1. We found that ovarian Srd5a1 mRNA increased 8-fold and methylation of the same two CpGs decreased up to 75% between postnatal days 10 and 30. Estradiol (E2) levels rise during this prepubertal stage, and exposure of ovarian cells to E2 increased Srd5a1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation in an ovarian cell line confirmed ESR1 binding to this differentially methylated genomic region and enrichment of the enhancer modification, H3K4me1. Targeting dCas9-DNMT3 to this locus increased CpG2 methylation 2.5-fold and abolished the Srd5a1 response to E2. In the POA, Srd5a1 mRNA levels decreased 70% between postnatal days 7 and 10 and then remained constant without correlation to CpG methylation levels. Srd5a1 mRNA levels did not respond to E2 in hypothalamic GT1-7 cells, even after dCas9-TET1 reduced CpG1 methylation by 50%. The neonatal drop in POA Srd5a1 expression occurs at a time of increasing glucocorticoids, and treatment of GT1-7 cells with dexamethasone reduced Srd5a1 mRNA levels; chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed glucocorticoid receptor binding at the enhancer. Our findings on the tissue-specific regulation of Srd5a1 and its methylation-sensitive control by E2 in the ovaries illuminate epigenetic mechanisms underlying reproductive phenotypic variation that impact life-long health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bar-Sadeh
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Lilach Pnueli
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Sarai Keestra
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Philippa Melamed
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanchez N, Harvey C, Vincent D, Croft J, Zhang J. Biomarkers derived from CmP signal network in triple negative breast cancers. TRANSLATIONAL BREAST CANCER RESEARCH : A JOURNAL FOCUSING ON TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN BREAST CANCER 2023; 4:21. [PMID: 38751477 PMCID: PMC11093088 DOI: 10.21037/tbcr-23-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women, accounting for approximately 30% of all new cancer cases. The prognosis of breast cancer heavily depends on the stage of diagnosis, with early detection resulting in higher survival rates. Various risk factors, including family history, alcohol consumption and hormone exposure, contribute to breast cancer development. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the absence of certain receptors, is particularly aggressive and heterogeneous. Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), abnormal dilations of small blood vessels in the brain, is contributed by mutated genes like CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 through the perturbed formation of the CCM signaling complex (CSC). The CSC-non-classic membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs)-progesterone (PRG) (CmP)/CSC-mPRs-PRG-classic nuclear progesterone receptors (nPRs) (CmPn) signaling network, which integrates the CSC with mPRs and nPRs, plays a role in breast cancer tumorigenesis. Understanding these pathways can provide insights into potential treatments. This paper focuses on the emerging field of CmPn/CmP signal networks, which involve PRG, its receptors (nPRs and mPRs), and the CSC. These networks play a role in tumorigenesis, particularly in TNBCs. Aims to deliver a thorough examination of the CmP/CmPn pathways concerning TNBCs, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of these pathways, explores their applications and highlights their significance in the context of TNBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Sanchez
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Charles Harvey
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Drexell Vincent
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Croft
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aickareth J, Hawwar M, Sanchez N, Gnanasekaran R, Zhang J. Membrane Progesterone Receptors (mPRs/PAQRs) Are Going beyond Its Initial Definitions. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13030260. [PMID: 36984647 PMCID: PMC10056622 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (PRG) is a key cyclical reproductive hormone that has a significant impact on female organs in vertebrates. It is mainly produced by the corpus luteum of the ovaries, but can also be generated from other sources such as the adrenal cortex, Leydig cells of the testes and neuronal and glial cells. PRG has wide-ranging physiological effects, including impacts on metabolic systems, central nervous systems and reproductive systems in both genders. It was first purified as an ovarian steroid with hormonal function for pregnancy, and is known to play a role in pro-gestational proliferation during pregnancy. The main function of PRG is exerted through its binding to progesterone receptors (nPRs, mPRs/PAQRs) to evoke cellular responses through genomic or non-genomic signaling cascades. Most of the existing research on PRG focuses on classic PRG-nPR-paired actions such as nuclear transcriptional factors, but new evidence suggests that PRG also exerts a wide range of PRG actions through non-classic membrane PRG receptors, which can be divided into two sub-classes: mPRs/PAQRs and PGRMCs. The review will concentrate on recently found non-classical membrane progesterone receptors (mainly mPRs/PAQRs) and speculate their connections, utilizing the present comprehension of progesterone receptors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen S, Paul MR, Sterner CJ, Belka GK, Wang D, Xu P, Sreekumar A, Pan TC, Pant DK, Makhlin I, DeMichele A, Mesaros C, Chodosh LA. PAQR8 promotes breast cancer recurrence and confers resistance to multiple therapies. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:1. [PMID: 36597146 PMCID: PMC9811758 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer mortality is principally due to recurrent disease that becomes resistant to therapy. We recently identified copy number (CN) gain of the putative membrane progesterone receptor PAQR8 as one of four focal CN alterations that preferentially occurred in recurrent metastatic tumors compared to primary tumors in breast cancer patients. Whether PAQR8 plays a functional role in cancer is unknown. Notably, PAQR8 CN gain in recurrent tumors was mutually exclusive with activating ESR1 mutations in patients treated with anti-estrogen therapies and occurred in > 50% of both patients treated with anti-estrogen therapies and those treated with chemotherapy or anti-Her2 agents. METHODS We used orthotopic mouse models to determine whether PAQR8 overexpression or deletion alters breast cancer dormancy or recurrence following therapy. In vitro studies, including assays for colony formation, cell viability, and relative cell fitness, were employed to identify effects of PAQR8 in the context of therapy. Cell survival and proliferation were quantified by immunofluorescence staining for markers of apoptosis and proliferation. Sphingolipids were quantified by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS We show that PAQR8 is necessary and sufficient for efficient mammary tumor recurrence in mice, spontaneously upregulated and CN gained in recurrent tumors that arise following therapy in multiple mouse models, and associated with poor survival following recurrence as well as poor overall survival in breast cancer patients. PAQR8 promoted resistance to therapy by enhancing tumor cell survival following estrogen receptor pathway inhibition by fulvestrant or estrogen deprivation, Her2 pathway blockade by lapatinib or Her2 downregulation, and treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Pro-survival effects of PAQR8 were mediated by a Gi protein-dependent reduction in cAMP levels, did not require progesterone, and involved a PAQR8-dependent decrease in ceramide levels and increase in sphingosine-1-phosphate levels, suggesting that PAQR8 may possess ceramidase activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide in vivo evidence that PAQR8 plays a functional role in cancer, implicate PAQR8, cAMP, and ceramide metabolism in breast cancer recurrence, and identify a novel mechanism that may commonly contribute to the acquisition of treatment resistance in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Chen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Matt R. Paul
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 89722-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Christopher J. Sterner
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 89722-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - George K. Belka
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 89722-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dezhen Wang
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Peining Xu
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Amulya Sreekumar
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Tien-chi Pan
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 89722-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dhruv K. Pant
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 89722-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Igor Makhlin
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 89722-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Angela DeMichele
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 89722-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Lewis A. Chodosh
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Room 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 89722-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kolatorova L, Vitku J, Suchopar J, Hill M, Parizek A. Progesterone: A Steroid with Wide Range of Effects in Physiology as Well as Human Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7989. [PMID: 35887338 PMCID: PMC9322133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone is a steroid hormone traditionally linked with female fertility and pregnancy. In current reproductive medicine, progesterone and its analogues play crucial roles. While the discovery of its effects has a long history, over recent decades, various novel actions of this interesting steroid have been documented, of which its neuro- and immunoprotective activities are the most widely discussed. Discoveries of the novel biological activities of progesterone have also driven research and development in the field of progesterone analogues used in human medicine. Progestogen treatment has traditionally and predominately been used in maintaining pregnancy, the prevention of preterm labor, various gynecological pathologies, and in lowering the negative effects of menopause. However, there are also various other medical fields where progesterone and its analogues could find application in the future. The aim of this work is to show the mechanisms of action of progesterone and its metabolites, the physiological and pharmacological actions of progesterone and its synthetic analogues in human medicine, as well as the impacts of its production and use on the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kolatorova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Jana Vitku
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Josef Suchopar
- DrugAgency, a.s., Klokotska 833/1a, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Hill
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Antonin Parizek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital, Apolinarska 18, 128 51 Prague, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kraynak M, Willging MM, Kuehlmann AL, Kapoor AA, Flowers MT, Colman RJ, Levine JE, Abbott DH. Aromatase Inhibition Eliminates Sexual Receptivity Without Enhancing Weight Gain in Ovariectomized Marmoset Monkeys. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac063. [PMID: 35592515 PMCID: PMC9113444 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Ovarian estradiol supports female sexual behavior and metabolic function. While ovariectomy (OVX) in rodents abolishes sexual behavior and enables obesity, OVX in nonhuman primates decreases, but does not abolish, sexual behavior, and inconsistently alters weight gain. Objective We hypothesize that extra-ovarian estradiol provides key support for both functions, and to test this idea, we employed aromatase inhibition to eliminate extra-ovarian estradiol biosynthesis and diet-induced obesity to enhance weight gain. Methods Thirteen adult female marmosets were OVX and received (1) estradiol-containing capsules and daily oral treatments of vehicle (E2; n = 5); empty capsules and daily oral treatments of either (2) vehicle (VEH, 1 mL/kg, n = 4), or (3) letrozole (LET, 1 mg/kg, n = 4). Results After 7 months, we observed robust sexual receptivity in E2, intermediate frequencies in VEH, and virtually none in LET females (P = .04). By contrast, few rejections of male mounts were observed in E2, intermediate frequencies in VEH, and high frequencies in LET females (P = .04). Receptive head turns were consistently observed in E2, but not in VEH and LET females. LET females, alone, exhibited robust aggressive rejection of males. VEH and LET females demonstrated increased % body weight gain (P = .01). Relative estradiol levels in peripheral serum were E2 >>> VEH > LET, while those in hypothalamus ranked E2 = VEH > LET, confirming inhibition of local hypothalamic estradiol synthesis by letrozole. Conclusion Our findings provide the first evidence for extra-ovarian estradiol contributing to female sexual behavior in a nonhuman primate, and prompt speculation that extra-ovarian estradiol, and in particular neuroestrogens, may similarly regulate sexual motivation in other primates, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Kraynak
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Molly M Willging
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Center for Women’s Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Alex L Kuehlmann
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Amita A Kapoor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Matthew T Flowers
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jon E Levine
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - David H Abbott
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thomas P. Membrane Progesterone Receptors (mPRs, PAQRs): Review of Structural and Signaling Characteristics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111785. [PMID: 35681480 PMCID: PMC9179843 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs), which belong to the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, in mediating rapid, nongenomic (non-classical) progestogen actions has been extensively studied since their identification 20 years ago. Although the mPRs have been implicated in progestogen regulation of numerous reproductive and non-reproductive functions in vertebrates, several critical aspects of their structure and signaling functions have been unresolved until recently and remain the subject of considerable debate. This paper briefly reviews recent developments in our understanding of the structure and functional characteristics of mPRs. The proposed membrane topology of mPRα, the structure of its ligand-binding site, and the binding affinities of steroids were predicted from homology modeling based on the structures of other PAQRs, adiponectin receptors, and confirmed by mutational analysis and ligand-binding assays. Extensive data demonstrating that mPR-dependent progestogen regulation of intracellular signaling through mPRs is mediated by activation of G proteins are reviewed. Close association of mPRα with progesterone membrane receptor component 1 (PGRMC1), its role as an adaptor protein to mediate cell-surface expression of mPRα and mPRα-dependent progestogen signaling has been demonstrated in several vertebrate models. In addition, evidence is presented that mPRs can regulate the activity of other hormone receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kelder J, Pang Y, Dong J, Schaftenaar G, Thomas P. Molecular modeling, mutational analysis and steroid specificity of the ligand binding pocket of mPRα (PAQR7): Shared ligand binding with AdipoR1 and its structural basis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 219:106082. [PMID: 35189329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 7-transmembrane architecture of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs), determined from their X-ray crystal structures, was used for homology modeling of another progesterone and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family member, membrane progesterone receptor alpha (mPRα). The mPRα model identified excess positively charged residues on the cytosolic side, suggesting it has the same membrane orientation as AdipoRs with an intracellular N-terminus. The homology model showed identical amino acid residues to those forming the zinc binding pocket in AdipoRs, which strongly implies that zinc is also present in mPRα. The homology model showed a critical H-bond interaction between the glutamine (Q) residue at 206 in the binding pocket and the 20-carbonyl of progesterone. Mutational analysis showed no progesterone binding to the arginine (R) 206 mutant and modeling predicted this was due to the strong positive charge of arginine stabilizing the presence of an oleic acid (C18:1) molecule in the binding pocket, as observed in the X-rays of AdipoRs. High Zn2+ concentrations are predicted to form a salt with the carboxylate group of the oleic acid, thereby eliminating its binding to the free fatty acid (FFA) binding pocket, and allowing progesterone to bind. This is supported by experiments showing 100 µM Zn2+ addition restored [3H]-progesterone binding of the Q206R mutant to levels in WT mPRα and increased [3H]-progesterone binding to mPRγ and AdipoR1 which have arginine residues in this region. The model predicts hydrophobic interactions of progesterone with amino acid residues surrounding the binding pocket, including valine 146 in TM3, which when mutated into a polar serine resulted in a complete loss of [3H]-progesterone binding. The mPRα model showed there is no hydrogen bond donor in the vicinity of the 3-keto group of progesterone and ligand structure-activity studies with 3-deoxy steroids revealed that, unlike the nuclear progesterone receptor, the 3-carbonyl oxygen is not essential for binding to mPRα. Interestingly, the small synthetic AdipoR agonist, AdipoRon, displayed binding affinity for mPRα and mimicked progesterone signaling, whereas D-e-MAPP, a ceramidase inhibitor, blocked progesterone signaling. Thus, critical residues around the binding pocket and steroid structures that bind mPRα, as well as similarities with AdipoRs, can be predicted from the homology model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kelder
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yefei Pang
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Jing Dong
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Gijs Schaftenaar
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Thomas
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abou-Fadel J, Bhalli M, Grajeda B, Zhang J. CmP Signaling Network Leads to Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Caucasian Women. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:198-219. [PMID: 35481969 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes ∼15% of all diagnosed invasive breast cancer cases with limited options for treatment since immunotherapies that target ER, PR, and HER2 receptors are ineffective. Progesterone (PRG) can induce its effects through either classic, nonclassic, or combined responses by binding to classic nuclear PRG receptors (nPRs) or nonclassic membrane PRG receptors (mPRs). Under PRG-induced actions, we previously demonstrated that the CCM signaling complex (CSC) can couple both nPRs and mPRs into a CmPn signaling network, which plays an important role during nPR(+) breast cancer tumorigenesis. We recently defined the novel CmP signaling network in African American women (AAW)-derived TNBC cells, which overlapped with our previously defined CmPn network in nPR(+) breast cancer cells. Methods: Under mPR-specific steroid actions, we measured alterations to key tumorigenic pathways in Caucasian American women (CAW)- derived TNBC cells, with RNAseq/proteomic and systems biology approaches. Exemption from ethics approval from IRB: This study only utilized cultured NBC cell lines with publicly available TNBC clinical data sets. Results: Our results demonstrated that TNBCs in CAW share similar altered signaling pathways, as TNBCs in AAW, under mPR-specific steroid actions, demonstrating the overall aggressive nature of TNBCs, regardless of racial differences. Furthermore, in this report, we have deconvoluted the CmP signalosome, using systems biology approaches and CAW-TNBC clinical data, to identify 21 new CAW-TNBC-specific prognostic biomarkers that reinforce the definitive role of CSC and mPR signaling during CAW-TNBC tumorigenesis. Conclusion: This new set of potential prognostic biomarkers may revolutionize molecular mechanisms and currently known concepts of tumorigenesis in CAW-TNBCs, leading to hopeful new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Abou-Fadel
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Muaz Bhalli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abou-Fadel J, Grajeda B, Jiang X, Cailing-De La O AMD, Flores E, Padarti A, Bhalli M, Le A, Zhang J. CmP signaling network unveils novel biomarkers for triple negative breast cancer in African American women. Cancer Biomark 2022; 34:607-636. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer worldwide and remains the second leading cause of cancer death. While breast cancer mortality has steadily declined over the past decades through medical advances, an alarming disparity in breast cancer mortality has emerged between African American women (AAW) and Caucasian American women (CAW). New evidence suggests more aggressive behavior of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in AAW may contribute to racial differences in tumor biology and mortality. Progesterone (PRG) can exert its cellular effects through either its classic, non-classic, or combined responses through binding to either classic nuclear PRG receptors (nPRs) or non-classic membrane PRG receptors (mPRs), warranting both pathways equally important in PRG-mediated signaling. In our previous report, we demonstrated that the CCM signaling complex (CSC) consisting of CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 can couple both nPRs and mPRs signaling cascades to form a CSC-mPRs-PRG-nPRs (CmPn) signaling network in nPR positive(+) breast cancer cells. In this report, we furthered our research by establishing the CSC-mPRs-PRG (CmP) signaling network in nPR(-) breast cancer cells, demonstrating that a common core mechanism exists, regardless of nPR(+/-) status. This is the first report stating that inducible expression patterns exist between CCMs and major mPRs in TNBC cells. Furthermore, we firstly show mPRs in TNBC cells are localized in the nucleus and participate in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in a coordinately synchronized fashion with CCMs under steroid actions, following the same cellular distribution as other well-defined steroid hormone receptors. Finally, for the first time, we deconvoluted the CmP signalosome by using systems biology and TNBC clinical data, which helped us understand key factors within the CmP network and identify 6 specific biomarkers with potential clinical applications associated with AAW-TNBC tumorigenesis. These novel biomarkers could have immediate clinical implications to dramatically improve health disparities among AAW-TNBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Abou-Fadel
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Brian Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoting Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa-Marie D. Cailing-De La O
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Esmeralda Flores
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Akhil Padarti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Muaz Bhalli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Le
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xia Z, Xiao J, Dai Z, Chen Q. Membrane progesterone receptor α (mPRα) enhances hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma through STAT3 signaling. J Transl Med 2022; 20:72. [PMID: 35123491 PMCID: PMC8817580 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a huge challenge to public health because of its high incidence and mortality, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main subtype of lung cancer. Hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release and angiogenesis have been regarded as critical events in LUAD carcinogenesis. In the present study, membrane progesterone receptor α (mPRα) is deregulated within LUAD tissue samples; increased mPRα contributes to a higher microvessel density (MVD) in LUAD tissues. mPRα knockdown in A549 and PC-9 cells significantly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, as well as HIF1α and VEGF protein levels, decreasing cancer cell migration and invasion. The in vivo xenograft model further confirmed that mPRα enhanced the aggressiveness of LUAD cells. Furthermore, mPRα knockdown significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced upregulation in HIF1α and VEGF levels, as well as LUAD cell migration and invasion. Under the hypoxic condition, conditioned medium (CM) derived from mPRα knockdown A549 cells, namely si-mPRα-CM, significantly inhibited HUVEC migration and tube formation and decreased VEGF level in the culture medium. In contrast, CM derived from mPRα-overexpressing A549 cells, namely mPRα-CM, further enhanced HUVEC migration and tube formation and increased VEGF level under hypoxia, which was partially reversed by STAT3 inhibitor Stattic. In conclusion, in LUAD cells, highly expressed mPRα enhances the activation of cAMP/JAK/STAT3 signaling and increases HIF1α-induced VEGF secretion into the tumor microenvironment, promoting HUVEC migration and tube formation under hypoxia.
Collapse
|
12
|
Renteria M, Belkin O, Jang D, Aickareth J, Bhalli M, Zhang J. CmPn signaling networks in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1013892. [PMID: 36246881 PMCID: PMC9556883 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1013892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
13
|
Thiebaut C, Vlaeminck-Guillem V, Trédan O, Poulard C, Le Romancer M. Non-genomic signaling of steroid receptors in cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111453. [PMID: 34520815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptors (SRs) are members of the nuclear receptor family, which are ligand-activated transcription factors. SRs regulate many physiological functions including development and reproduction, though they can also be involved in several pathologies, especially cancer. Highly controlled cellular responses to steroids involve transcriptional regulation (genomic activity) combined with direct activation of signaling cascades (non-genomic activity). Non-genomic signaling has been extensively studied in cancer, mainly in breast cancer for ER and PR, and prostate cancer for AR. Even though most of the studies have been conducted in cells, some of them have been confirmed in vivo, highlighting the relevance of this pathway in cancer. This review provides an overview of the current and emerging knowledge on non-genomic signaling with a focus on breast and prostate cancers and its clinical relevance. A thorough understanding of ER, PR, AR and GR non-genomic pathways may open new perspectives for the development of therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Thiebaut
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Sud, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Medical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang J, Abou-Fadel JS. Calm the raging hormone - A new therapeutic strategy involving progesterone-signaling for hemorrhagic CCMs. VESSEL PLUS 2021; 5:48. [PMID: 35098046 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2021.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), one of the most common vascular malformations, are characterized by abnormally dilated intracranial microvascular capillaries resulting in increased susceptibility to hemorrhagic stroke. As an autosomal dominant disorder with incomplete penetrance, the majority of CCMs gene mutation carriers are largely asymptomatic but when symptoms occur, the disease has typically reached the stage of focal hemorrhage with irreversible brain damage, while the molecular "trigger" initiating the occurrence of CCM pathology remain elusive. Currently, the invasive neurosurgery removal of CCM lesions is the only option for the treatment, despite the recurrence of the worse symptoms frequently occurring after surgery. Therefore, there is a grave need for identification of molecular targets for therapeutic treatment and biomarkers as risk predictors for hemorrhagic stroke prevention. Based on reported various perturbed angiogenic signaling cascades mediated by the CCM signaling complex (CSC), there have been many proposed candidate drugs, targeting potentially angiogenic-relevant signaling pathways dysregulated by loss of function of one of the CCM proteins, which might not be enough to correct the pathological phenotype, hemorrhagic CCMs. In this review, we describe a new paradigm for the mechanism of hemorrhagic CCM lesions, and propose a new concept for the assurance of the CSC-stability to prevent the devastating outcome of hemorrhagic CCMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Johnathan S Abou-Fadel
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Levina IS, Kuznetsov YV, Shchelkunova TA, Zavarzin IV. Selective ligands of membrane progesterone receptors as a key to studying their biological functions in vitro and in vivo. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 207:105827. [PMID: 33497793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone modulates many processes in the body, acting through nuclear receptors (nPR) in various organs and tissues. However, a number of effects are mediated by membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs), which are members of the progestin and adipoQ (PAQR) receptor family. These receptors are found in most tissues and immune cells. They are expressed in various cancer cells and appear to play an important role in the development of tumors. The role of mPRs in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome has also attracted attention. Since progesterone efficiently binds to both nPRs and mPRs, investigation of the functions of the mPRs both at the level of the whole body and at the cell level requires ligands that selectively interact with mPRs, but not with nPRs, with an affinity comparable with that of the natural hormone. The development of such ligands faces difficulties primarily due to the lack of data on the three-dimensional structure of the ligand-binding site of mPR. This review is the first attempt to summarize available data on the structures of compounds interacting with mPRs and analyze them in terms of the differences in binding to membrane and nuclear receptors. Based on the identified main structural fragments of molecules, which affect the efficiency of binding to mPRs and are responsible for the selectivity of interactions, we propose directions of modification of the steroid scaffold to create new selective mPRs ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna S Levina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Yury V Kuznetsov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Shchelkunova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Igor V Zavarzin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kapur J, Joshi S. Progesterone modulates neuronal excitability bidirectionally. Neurosci Lett 2021; 744:135619. [PMID: 33421486 PMCID: PMC7821816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone acts on neurons directly by activating its receptor and through metabolic conversion to neurosteroids. There is emerging evidence that progesterone exerts excitatory effects by activating its cognate receptors (progesterone receptors, PRs) through enhanced expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Progesterone metabolite 5α,3α-tetrahydro-progesterone (allopregnanolone, THP) mediates its anxiolytic and sedative actions through the potentiation of synaptic and extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type-A receptors (GABAARs). Here, we review progesterone's neuromodulatory actions exerted through PRs and THP and their opposing role in regulating seizures, catamenial epilepsy, and seizure exacerbation associated with progesterone withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia-HSC, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia-HSC, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States; UVA Brain Institute, University of Virginia-HSC, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Suchitra Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia-HSC, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Role of mPRδ and mPRε in Human Glioblastoma Cells: Expression, Hormonal Regulation, and Possible Clinical Outcome. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:117-127. [PMID: 32077034 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. In recent years, it has been proposed that sex hormones such as progesterone play an essential role in GBM biology. Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors with a wide distribution and multiple functions in the organism. There are five mPRs subtypes described in humans: mPRα, mPRβ, mPRγ, mPRδ, and mPRε. It has been reported that human-derived GBM cells express the mPRα, mPRβ, and mPRγ subtypes, and that progesterone promotes GBM progression in part by mPRα specific activation; however, it is still unknown if mPRδ and mPRε are also expressed in this type of tumor cells. In this study, we characterized the expression and hormonal regulation of mPRδ and mPRε in human GBM cells. We also analyzed a set of biopsies from TCGA. We found that the expression of these receptors is dependent on the tumor's grade and that mPRδ expression is directly correlated to patients' survival while the opposite is observed for mPRε. By RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence, the expression of mPRδ and mPRε was detected for the first time in human GBM cells. An in silico analysis showed possible progesterone response elements in the promoter regions of mPRδ and mPRε, and progesterone treatments downregulated the expression of these receptors. Our results suggest that mPRδ and mPRε are expressed in human GBM cells and that they are relevant to GBM biology.
Collapse
|
18
|
Converse A, Thomas P. Androgens regulate follicle stage-dependent pro- and anti-apoptosis in teleost ovaries through ZIP9 activation of different G proteins†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:377-391. [PMID: 31074766 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens mediate a number of processes in mammalian and teleost ovaries in a follicle-stage dependent manner, including follicle growth, survival, and apoptosis. We recently reported that the membrane androgen receptor ZIP9 mediates apoptosis in Atlantic croaker granulosa/theca (G/T) cells from mature ovarian follicles, but the effects of androgens on early stage G/T cells in this model remains unknown. Here we show that testosterone mediates pro- and anti-apoptotic responses in a follicle stage-dependent manner in croaker ovarian follicle cells. Testosterone treatment decreased the incidence of apoptosis in G/T cells from early stage follicles (diameter <300 μm) but increased apoptosis in G/T cells from late stage follicles (diameter >400 μm). Small interfering RNA targeting ZIP9, but not the nuclear androgen receptor, blocked the anti-apoptotic response, indicating ZIP9 mediates anti-apoptotic in addition to pro-apoptotic responses. Testosterone treatment of early stage G/T cells resulted in opposite signaling outcomes from those previously characterized for the ZIP9-mediated apoptotic response including decreased cAMP and intracellular free zinc levels, and downregulation of pro-apoptotic member mRNA expression. While ZIP9-mediated apoptosis involves activation of a stimulatory G protein (Gs), activators of Gs signaling antagonized the anti-apoptotic response. Proximity ligation and G protein activation assays indicated that in G/T cells from early stage follicles ZIP9 is in close proximity and activates an inhibitory G protein, while in G/T cells from late stage follicles ZIP9 is in close proximity and activates Gs. This study demonstrates that ZIP9 mediates opposite survival responses of croaker G/T cells by activating different G proteins in a follicle stage-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Converse
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sinchak K, Mohr MA, Micevych PE. Hypothalamic Astrocyte Development and Physiology for Neuroprogesterone Induction of the Luteinizing Hormone Surge. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:420. [PMID: 32670203 PMCID: PMC7333179 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits in female rats sequentially exposed to estradiol and progesterone underlie so-called estrogen positive feedback that induce the surge release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to ovulation and luteinization of the corpus hemorrhagicum. It is now well-established that gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons express neither the reproductively critical estrogen receptor-α (ERα) nor classical progesterone receptor (PGR). Estradiol from developing ovarian follicles acts on ERα-expressing kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V) to induce PGR expression, and kisspeptin release. Circulating estradiol levels that induce positive feedback also induce neuroprogesterone (neuroP) synthesis in hypothalamic astrocytes. This local neuroP acts on kisspeptin neurons that express PGR to augment kisspeptin expression and release needed to stimulate GnRH release, triggering the LH surge. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that neuroP signaling in kisspeptin neurons occurs through membrane PGR activation of Src family kinase (Src). This signaling cascade has been also implicated in PGR signaling in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, suggesting that Src may be a common mode of membrane PGR signaling. Sexual maturation requires that signaling between neuroP synthesizing astrocytes, kisspeptin and GnRH neurons be established. Prior to puberty, estradiol does not facilitate the synthesis of neuroP in hypothalamic astrocytes. During pubertal development, levels of membrane ERα increase in astrocytes coincident with an increase of PKA phosphorylation needed for neuroP synthesis. Currently, it is not clear whether these developmental changes occur in existing astrocytes or are due to a new population of astrocytes born during puberty. However, strong evidence suggests that it is the former. Blocking new cell addition during puberty attenuates the LH surge. Together these results demonstrate the importance of pubertal maturation involving hypothalamic astrocytes, estradiol-induced neuroP synthesis and membrane-initiated progesterone signaling for the CNS control of ovulation and reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sinchak
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Margaret A Mohr
- The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul E Micevych
- The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Suetomi Y, Tatebayashi R, Sonoda S, Munetomo A, Matsuyama S, Inoue N, Uenoyama Y, Takeuchi Y, Tsukamura H, Ohkura S, Matsuda F. Establishment of immortalised cell lines derived from female Shiba goat KNDy and GnRH neurones. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12857. [PMID: 32432378 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin plays a critical role in governing gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotrophin secretion and subsequent reproductive function in mammals. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) kisspeptin neurones, which co-express neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin A (Dyn) and are referred to as KNDy neurones, are considered to be involved in GnRH generation. The present study aimed to establish cell lines derived from goat KNDy and GnRH neurones. Primary-cultured cells of female Shiba goat foetal hypothalamic ARC and preoptic area (POA) tissues were immortalised with the infection of lentivirus containing the simian virus 40 large T-antigen gene. Clones of the immortalised cells were selected by the gene expression of a neuronal marker, and then the neurone-derived cell clones were further selected by the gene expression of KNDy or GnRH neurone markers. As a result, we obtained a KNDy neurone cell line (GA28) from the ARC, as well as two GnRH neurone cell lines (GP11 and GP31) from the POA. Immunocytochemistry revealed the expression of kisspeptin, NKB and Dyn in GA28 cells, as well as GnRH in GP11 and GP31 cells. GnRH secretion from GP11 and GP31 cells into the media was confirmed by an enzyme immunoassay. Moreover, kisspeptin challenge increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in subsets of both GP11 and GP31 cells. Kisspeptin mRNA expression in GA28 cells, which expressed the oestrogen receptor alpha gene, was significantly reduced by 17β-oestradiol treatment. Furthermore, the transcriptional core promoter and repressive regions of the goat NKB gene were detected using GA28 cells. In conclusion, we have established goat KNDy and GnRH neurone cell lines that could be used to analyse molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating KNDy and GnRH neurones in vitro, facilitating the clarification of reproductive neuroendocrine mechanisms in ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Suetomi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoki Tatebayashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sonoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Munetomo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukari Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohkura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fuko Matsuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chang M, Yang C, Bao X, Wang R. Genetic and Epigenetic Causes of Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:596554. [PMID: 33574795 PMCID: PMC7870789 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.596554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) can be classified as non-secreting adenomas, somatotroph adenomas, corticotroph adenomas, lactotroph adenomas, and thyrotroph adenomas. Substantial advances have been made in our knowledge of the pathobiology of PAs. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular biological characteristics of different types of PAs, we reviewed the important advances that have been made involving genetic and epigenetic variation, comprising genetic mutations, chromosome number variations, DNA methylation, microRNA regulation, and transcription factor regulation. Classical tumor predisposition syndromes include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and type 4 (MEN4) syndromes, Carney complex, and X-LAG syndromes. PAs have also been described in association with succinate dehydrogenase-related familial PA, neurofibromatosis type 1, and von Hippel-Lindau, DICER1, and Lynch syndromes. Patients with aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) mutations often present with pituitary gigantism, either in familial or sporadic adenomas. In contrast, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha (GNAS) and G protein-coupled receptor 101 (GPR101) mutations can lead to excess growth hormone. Moreover, the deubiquitinase gene USP8, USP48, and BRAF mutations are associated with adrenocorticotropic hormone production. In this review, we describe the genetic and epigenetic landscape of PAs and summarize novel insights into the regulation of pituitary tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinjie Bao
- *Correspondence: Xinjie Bao, ; Renzhi Wang,
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thomas P, Pang Y. Anti-apoptotic Actions of Allopregnanolone and Ganaxolone Mediated Through Membrane Progesterone Receptors (PAQRs) in Neuronal Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:417. [PMID: 32670200 PMCID: PMC7331777 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurosteroids progesterone and allopregnanolone regulate numerous neuroprotective functions in neural tissues including inhibition of epileptic seizures and cell death. Many of progesterone's actions are mediated through the nuclear progesterone receptor (PR), while allopregnanolone is widely considered to be devoid of hormonal activity and instead acts through modulation of GABA-A receptor activity. However, allopregnanolone can also exert hormonal actions in neuronal cells through binding and activating membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) belonging to the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family. The distribution and functions of the five mPR subtypes (α, β, γ, δ, ε) in neural tissues are briefly reviewed. mPRδ has the highest binding affinity for allopregnanolone and is highly expressed throughout the human brain. Low concentrations (20 nM) of allopregnanolone act through mPRδ to stimulate G protein (Gs)-dependent signaling pathways resulting in reduced cell death and apoptosis in mPRδ-transfected cells. The 3-methylated synthetic analog of allopregnanolone, ganaxolone, is currently undergoing clinical trials as a promising GABA-A receptor-selective antiepileptic drug (AED). New data show that low concentrations (20 nM) of ganaxolone also activate mPRδ signaling and exert anti-apoptotic actions through this receptor. Preliminary evidence suggests that ganaxolone can also exert neuroprotective effects by activating inhibitory G protein (Gi)-dependent signaling through mPRα and/or mPRβ in neuronal cells. The results indicate that mPRs are likely intermediaries in multiple actions of natural and synthetic neurosteroids in the brain. Potential off-target effects of ganaxolone through activation of mPRs in patients receiving long-term treatment for epilepsy and other disorders should be considered and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
|
23
|
González SL, Coronel MF, Raggio MC, Labombarda F. Progesterone receptor-mediated actions and the treatment of central nervous system disorders: An up-date of the known and the challenge of the unknown. Steroids 2020; 153:108525. [PMID: 31634489 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone has been shown to exert a wide range of remarkable protective actions in experimental models of central nervous system injury or disease. However, the intimate mechanisms involved in each of these beneficial effects are not fully depicted. In this review, we intend to give the readers a thorough revision on what is known about the participation of diverse receptors and signaling pathways in progesterone-mediated neuroprotective, pro-myelinating and anti-inflammatory outcomes, as well as point out to novel regulatory mechanisms that could open new perspectives in steroid-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana L González
- Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María F Coronel
- Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Presidente Perón 1500, B1629AHJ Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Raggio
- Laboratorio de Nocicepción y Dolor Neuropático, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Labombarda
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Neuroendócrina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Membrane Progesterone Receptors (mPRs/PAQRs) Differently Regulate Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation in Rat Schwann Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:433-448. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
25
|
Shah NM, Lai PF, Imami N, Johnson MR. Progesterone-Related Immune Modulation of Pregnancy and Labor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:198. [PMID: 30984115 PMCID: PMC6449726 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy involves a complex interplay between maternal neuroendocrine and immunological systems in order to establish and sustain a growing fetus. It is thought that the uterus at pregnancy transitions from quiescent to laboring state in response to interactions between maternal and fetal systems at least partly via altered neuroendocrine signaling. Progesterone (P4) is a vital hormone in maternal reproductive tissues and immune cells during pregnancy. As such, P4 is widely used in clinical interventions to improve the chance of embryo implantation, as well as reduce the risk of miscarriage and premature labor. Here we review research to date that focus on the pathways through which P4 mediates its actions on both the maternal reproductive and immune system. We will dissect the role of P4 as a modulator of inflammation, both systemic and intrinsic to the uterus, during human pregnancy and labor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishel M. Shah
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pei F. Lai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nesrina Imami
- Department of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Johnson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Castelnovo LF, Magnaghi V, Thomas P. Expression of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) in rat peripheral glial cell membranes and their potential role in the modulation of cell migration and protein expression. Steroids 2019; 142:6-13. [PMID: 28962850 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role played by progestogens in modulating Schwann cell pathophysiology is well established. Progestogens exert their effects in these cells through both classical genomic and non-genomic mechanisms, the latter mediated by the GABA-A receptor. However, there is evidence that other receptors may be involved. Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) are novel 7-transmembrane receptors coupled to G proteins that have been characterized in different tissues and cells, including the central nervous system (CNS). The mPRs were shown to mediate some of progestogens' neuroprotective effects in the CNS, and to be upregulated in glial cells after traumatic brain injury. Based on this evidence, this paper investigated the possible involvement of mPRs in mediating progestogen actions in S42 Schwann cells. All five mPR isoforms and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) were detected in Schwann cells, and were present on the cell membrane. Progesterone and the mPR-specific agonist, Org-OD-02-0 (02) bound to these membranes, indicating the presence of functional mPRs. The mPR agonist 02 rapidly increased cell migration in an in vitro assay, suggesting a putative role of mPRs in the nerve regeneration process. Treatment with pertussis toxin and 8-Br-cAMP blocked 02-induced cell migration, suggesting this progestogen action is mediated by activation of an inhibitory G protein, leading to a decrease in intracellular cAMP levels. In contrast, long-term mPR activation led to increased expression levels of myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG). Taken together, these findings show that mPRs are present and active in Schwann cells and have a role in modulating their physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca F Castelnovo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas TX 78373, United States.
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas TX 78373, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Atwood CS, Ekstein SF. Human versus non-human sex steroid use in hormone replacement therapies part 1: Preclinical data. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 480:12-35. [PMID: 30308266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prior to 2002, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was considered to be an important component of postmenopausal healthcare. This was based on a plethora of basic, epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrating the health benefits of supplementation with human sex steroids. However, adverse findings from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) studies that examined the 2 major forms of HRT in use in the US at that time - Premarin (conjugated equine estrogens; CEE) and Prempro (CEE + medroxyprogesterone acetate; MPA), cast a shadow over the use of any form of HRT. Here we review the biochemical and physiological differences between the non-human WHI study hormones - CEE and MPA, and their respective human counterparts 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). Preclinical data from the last 30 years demonstrate clear differences between human and non-human sex steroids on numerous molecular, physiological and functional parameters in brain, heart and reproductive tissue. In contrast to CEE supplementation, which is not always detrimental although certainly not as optimal as E2 supplementation, MPA is clearly not equivalent to P4, having detrimental effects on cognitive, cardiac and reproductive function. Moreover, unlike P4, MPA is clearly antagonistic of the positive effects of E2 and CEE on tissue function. These data indicate that minor chemical changes to human sex steroids result in physiologically distinct actions that are not optimal for tissue health and functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Atwood
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, WA, Australia.
| | - Samuel F Ekstein
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Peluso JJ, Liu X, Uliasz T, Pru CA, Kelp NC, Pru JK. PGRMC1/2 promotes luteal vascularization and maintains the primordial follicles of mice. Reproduction 2018; 156:365-373. [PMID: 30306772 PMCID: PMC6348134 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether conditional depletion of progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC) 1 and PGRMC2 affected ovarian follicle development, follicle distribution was assessed in ovaries of young (≈3-month-old) and middle-aged (≈6-month-old) control (Pgrmc1/2fl/fl) and double conditional PGRMC1/2-knockout (Pgrmc1/2d/d) mice. This study revealed that the distribution of primary, preantral and antral follicles was not altered in Pgrmc1/2d/d mice, regardless of the age. Although the number of primordial follicles was similar at ≈3 months of age, their numbers were reduced by ≈80% in 6-month-old Pgrmc1/2d/d mice compared to age-matched Pgrmc1/2fl/fl mice. The Pgrmc1/2d/d mice were generated using Pgr-cre mice, so ablation of Pgrmc1 and Pgrmc2 in the ovary was restricted to peri-ovulatory follicles and subsequent corpora lutea (CL). In addition, the vascularization of CL was attenuated in Pgrmc1/2d/d mice, although mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) were elevated. Moreover, depletion of Pgrmc1 and Pgrmc2 altered the gene expression profile in the non-luteal component of the ovary such that Vegfa expression, a stimulator of primordial follicle growth, was elevated; Kit Ligand expression, another stimulator of primordial follicle growth, was suppressed and anti-Mullerian hormone, an inhibitor of primordial follicle growth, was enhanced compared to Pgrmc1/2fl/fl mice. These data reveal that luteal cell depletion of Pgrmc1 and 2 alters the expression of growth factors within the non-luteal component of the ovary, which could account for the premature demise of the adult population of primordial follicles. In summary, the survival of adult primordial follicles is dependent in part on progesterone receptor membrane component 1 and 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Peluso
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Tracy Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Cindy A. Pru
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Nicole C. Kelp
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - James K. Pru
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Camilletti MA, Ferraris J, Abeledo-Machado A, Converse A, Faraoni EY, Pisera D, Gutierrez S, Thomas P, Díaz-Torga G. Participation of membrane progesterone receptor α in the inhibitory effect of progesterone on prolactin secretion. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12614. [PMID: 29869822 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The membrane progesterone receptors (mPRα, mPRβ, mPRγ, mPRδ and mPRε) are known to mediate rapid nongenomic progesterone functions in different cell types. However, the functions of these receptors in the pituitary have not been reported to date. In the present study, we show that the expression of mPRα was the highest among the mPRs in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Immunostaining of mPRα was detected in somatotrophs, gonadotrophs and lactotrophs. Interestingly, 63% of mPRα-positive cells within the pituitary were lactotrophs, suggesting that mPRα is involved in controlling prolactin (PRL) secretion in the pituitary. To test this hypothesis, rat pituitaries were incubated (1 hour) with either progesterone (P4) or the mPRα-specific agonist Org OD 02-0. PRL secretion was then measured by radioimmunoassay. The results of this experiment revealed that both P4 and Org OD 02-0 decreased PRL secretion. Moreover, the results from the GH3 cell line (CCL-82.1) showed that P4 and Org OD 02-0 inhibited PRL release, although the nuclear PR agonist R5020 was ineffective. Our investigation of the cellular mechanisms behind mPRα activity indicated that both P4 and Org OD 02-0 decreased cAMP accumulation, whereas R5020 was ineffective. In addition, the Org OD 02-0-effect on PRL release was blocked by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of Go/Gi proteins. Because transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 is a potent inhibitor of PRL secretion in lactotrophs, we lastly evaluated whether TGFβ1 was activated by progesterone and whether this effect was mediated by mPRα. Our results showed that P4 and Org OD 02-0, but not R5020, increased active TGFβ1 levels. This effect was not observed when cells were transfected with mPRα-small interfering RNA. Taken together, these data provide new evidence suggesting that mPRα mediates the progesterone inhibitory effect on PRL secretion through both decreases in cAMP levels and activation of TGFβ1 in the lactotroph population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Camilletti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Ferraris
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Abeledo-Machado
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Converse
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - E Y Faraoni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Pisera
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Gutierrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Centro de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - G Díaz-Torga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu XJ, Thomas P, Zhu Y. Pgrmc1 Knockout Impairs Oocyte Maturation in Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:560. [PMID: 30319543 PMCID: PMC6165893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations suggest progestin receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) associates with and transports a wide range of molecules such as heme, cytochromes P450, steroids with 21 carbons, membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRα/Paqr7), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and insulin receptor. It is difficult to discriminate the true functions of PGRMC1 from the functions of its associated molecules using biochemical and pharmacological approaches. To determine the physiological function(s) of PGRMC1, we generated global knockouts for pgrmc1 (pgrmc1 -/-) in zebrafish. We found a reduction in both spawning frequency and the number of embryos produced by female mutants. We also observed reduced sensitivity of fully-grown immature oocytes to a progestin hormone and a reduced number of oocytes undergone meiotic maturation both in vivo and in vitro in pgrmc1 -/-. This reduced sensitivity to progestin corresponds well with significant reduced expression of mPRα, the receptor mainly responsible for mediating oocyte maturation and meiosis resumption in fish. The results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence for the physiological functions of Pgrmc1 in oocyte maturation and fertility, as well as a plausible molecular mechanism via regulation of mPRα, which in turn directly regulates oocyte maturation and affects fertility in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jun Wu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhu
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhou L, Zhou W, Zhang H, Hu Y, Yu L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang P, Xia W. Progesterone suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis to the brain via membrane progesterone receptor α. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:755-761. [PMID: 28713912 PMCID: PMC5548012 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone plays an important role in mammary epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that progesterone is a risk factor for breast cancer under certain conditions through binding nuclear progesterone receptor (PR). These mechanisms, however, are not applicable to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to the lack of PR in these cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that membrane progesterone receptor α (mPRα) is expressed in TNBC tissues and the expression level of mPRα is negatively associated with the TNM stage. We found that progesterone suppressed the growth, migration and invasion of mPRα+ human TNBC cells in vitro, which was neither mediated by PR nor by PR membrane component 1 (PGRMCl). Notably, these effects exerted by progesterone were significantly blocked by shRNA specific to mPRα. Moreover, the knockdown of mPRα expression impaired the inhibitory effects of progesterone on mPRα+ tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These data collectively indicate that progesterone suppresses TNCB growth and metastasis via mPRα, which provides evidence of the anti-neoplastic effects of progesterone-mPRα pathway in the treatment of human TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Shanghai Pudong New District Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Department of Intervention, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yu G, Li C, Xie W, Wang Z, Gao H, Cao L, Hao L, Zhang Y. Long non-coding RNA C5orf66-AS1 is downregulated in pituitary null cell adenomas and is associated with their invasiveness. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1140-1148. [PMID: 28656268 PMCID: PMC5562005 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary null cell adenoma is a challenging clinical condition, and its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. We performed this study to determine the roles of C5orf66-AS1, NORAD, and TINCR in the pathogenesis and invasion of pituitary null cell adenomas. Expression of the three long non-coding RNAs in pituitary null cell adenoma tissues of 11 patients and normal pituitary tissues from four donors was examined by performing quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found that C5orf66-AS1 expression was lower in pituitary null cell adenoma tissues than in normal pituitary tissues. Moreover, C5orf66-AS1 expression level was significantly lower in invasive pituitary null cell adenomas than in non-invasive ones. After transfection of C5orf66-AS1 into pituitary adenoma cells, assessment of cell viability and invasion suggested that overexpressed C5orf66-AS1 inhibited cell viability and cell invasion. In silico algorithms predicted several cis- and trans-acting target genes of C5orf66-AS1, including PITX1 and SCGB3A1. In addition, expression of some of the predicted target genes was determined using microarray data of another cohort with pituitary null cell adenomas. It showed that some of these target genes were differentially expressed between pituitary null cell adenoma tissues and normal pituitary tissues as well as between invasive and non-invasive tumors. Co-expression analysis in RNA sequencing data showed that PAQR7 was the most correlated gene of C5orf66-AS1 and that several predicted trans-acting target genes, including SCGB3A1, were highly correlated with C5orf66-AS1. NORAD and TINCR expression was not statistically significant in the complete cohort; however, a negative correlation was observed between NORAD expression and maximum tumor diameter in some subgroups. These results indicate that C5orf66-AS1 suppresses the development and invasion of pituitary null cell adenomas. However, our results do not provide enough statistical evidence to support the roles of NORAD and TINCR in the development and invasion of pituitary null cell adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yu
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hua Gao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Genome Wisdom Inc., Haidian, Beijing 100195, P.R. China
| | - Lingtong Hao
- Genome Wisdom Inc., Haidian, Beijing 100195, P.R. China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nuclear and membrane progestin receptors in the European eel: Characterization and expression in vivo through spermatogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 207:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
34
|
Chen R, Yu Y, Dong X. Progesterone receptor in the prostate: A potential suppressor for benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:91-96. [PMID: 27125450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer undergoing androgen receptor pathway inhibition (ARPI) eventually progresses to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), suggesting that (i) androgen receptor (AR) blockage is incomplete, and (ii) there are other critical molecular pathways contributing to prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Although most PCa occurs in the epithelium, prostate stroma is increasingly believed to play a crucial role in promoting tumorigenesis and facilitating tumor progression. In the stroma, sex steroid hormone receptors such as AR and estrogen receptor-α are implicated to have important functions, whereas the progesterone receptor (PR) remains largely under-investigated despite the high sequence and structural similarities between PR and AR. Stromal progesterone/PR signaling may play a critical role in PCa development and progression because not only progesterone is a critical precursor for de novo androgen steroidogenesis and an activator of mutant androgen receptors, but also PR functions in a ligand-independent manner in various important pathways. In fact, recent progress in our understanding of stromal PR function suggests that this receptor may exert an inhibitory effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), reactive stroma development, and PCa progression. These early findings of stromal PR warrant further investigations as this receptor could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in PCa management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RuiQi Chen
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Yue Yu
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mittelman-Smith MA, Rudolph LM, Mohr MA, Micevych PE. Rodent Models of Non-classical Progesterone Action Regulating Ovulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:165. [PMID: 28790975 PMCID: PMC5522857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming clear that steroid hormones act not only by binding to nuclear receptors that associate with specific response elements in the nucleus but also by binding to receptors on the cell membrane. In this newly discovered manner, steroid hormones can initiate intracellular signaling cascades which elicit rapid effects such as release of internal calcium stores and activation of kinases. We have learned much about the translocation and signaling of steroid hormone receptors from investigations into estrogen receptor α, which can be trafficked to, and signal from, the cell membrane. It is now clear that progesterone (P4) can also elicit effects that cannot be exclusively explained by transcriptional changes. Similar to E2 and its receptors, P4 can initiate signaling at the cell membrane, both through progesterone receptor and via a host of newly discovered membrane receptors (e.g., membrane progesterone receptors, progesterone receptor membrane components). This review discusses the parallels between neurotransmitter-like E2 action and the more recently investigated non-classical P4 signaling, in the context of reproductive behaviors in the rodent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Mittelman-Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Melinda A. Mittelman-Smith,
| | - Lauren M. Rudolph
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Margaret A. Mohr
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul E. Micevych
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Levin ER, Hammes SR. Nuclear receptors outside the nucleus: extranuclear signalling by steroid receptors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:783-797. [PMID: 27729652 PMCID: PMC5649368 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormone receptors mediate numerous crucial biological processes and are classically thought to function as transcriptional regulators in the nucleus. However, it has been known for more than 50 years that steroids evoke rapid responses in many organs that cannot be explained by gene regulation. Mounting evidence indicates that most steroid receptors in fact exist in extranuclear cellular pools, including at the plasma membrane. This latter pool, when engaged by a steroid ligand, rapidly activates signals that affect various aspects of cellular biology. Research into the mechanisms of signalling instigated by extranuclear steroid receptor pools and how this extranuclear signalling is integrated with responses elicited by nuclear receptor pools provides novel understanding of steroid hormone signalling and its roles in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellis R. Levin
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of California,
Irvine and the Long Beach VA Medical Center, California 90822, USA
| | - Stephen R. Hammes
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Rochester,
Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pelegrina LT, Cáceres AR, Giuliani FA, Asensio JA, Parborell F, Laconi MR. A single dose of allopregnanolone affects the ovarian morphology and steroidogenesis. Reproduction 2016; 153:REP-16-0463. [PMID: 27777323 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allopregnanolone, a progesterone metabolite, is one of the best characterized neurosteroids. In a dose that mimics serum levels during stress, allopregnanolone inhibits sexual receptivity and ovulation and induces a decrease in luteinizing hormone levels. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of an intracerebroventricular administration of allopregnanolone on ovarian morphophysiology, serum and tissue levels of progesterone and estrogen, and enzymatic activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3α-hydroxysteroid oxido-reductase in the ovary and in the medial basal hypothalamus on the morning of estrus. Ovarian morphology was analyzed under light microscopy. The hormone assays were performed by radioimmunoassay. The enzymatic activities were measured by spectrophotometric analysis. The morphometric analysis revealed that, in allopregnanolone-treated animals, the number of secondary and Graafian follicles was decreased while that of atretic follicles and cysts was significantly increased. Some cysts showed luteinized unruptured follicles. There were no differences in the number of tertiary follicles or corpora lutea in comparison with the corresponding control groups. In allopregnanolone-treated animals, progesterone serum levels were increased, while ovarian progesterone levels were decreased. Moreover, 3β-HSD and 3α-HSOR enzymatic activities were increased in the medial basal hypothalamus while ovarian levels were decreased. The enzyme 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase showed the opposite profile. The results of this study showed that allopregnanolone interferes on ovarian steroidogenesis and ovarian morphophysiology in rats, providing a clear evidence for the role of this neurosteroid in the control of reproductive function under stress situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura T Pelegrina
- L Pelegrina, Laboratorio de Fisiopatología ovárica y Neurobiología, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU-CONICET), Inbiomed-UM. , Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Antonella Rr Cáceres
- A Cáceres, Laboratorio de Fisiopatología ovárica y Neurobiología. , Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU-CONICET), Inbiomed-UM. Universidad Juan Agustin Maza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fernando A Giuliani
- F Giuliani, Laboratorio de Fisiopatología ovárica y Neurobiología. , Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU-CONICET), Inbiomed-UM. , Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Joana A Asensio
- J Asensio, Laboratorio de Fisiopatología ovárica y Neurobiología. , Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU-CONICET), Inbiomed-UM, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- F Parborell, Ovarian pathophysiology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Myriam Raquel Laconi
- M Laconi, Laboratorio de Fisiopatología ovárica y Neurobiología. , Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU-CONICET), Inbiomed-UM, Mendoza, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Valadez-Cosmes P, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Cerbón M, Camacho-Arroyo I. Membrane progesterone receptors in reproduction and cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:166-75. [PMID: 27368976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone is a sexual steroid hormone that has a critical role in reproductive processes in males and females of several species, including humans. Furthermore, progesterone has been associated with pathological diseases such as breast, gynecological and brain cancer, regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. In the past, progesterone actions were thought to be only mediated by its intracellular receptor (PR). However, recent evidence has demonstrated that membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) mediate most of the non-classical progesterone actions. The role of the different mPRs subtypes in progesterone effects in reproduction and cancer is an emerging and exciting research area. Here we review studies to date regarding mPRs role in reproduction and cancer and discuss their functions and clinical relevance, suggesting mPRs as putative pharmacological targets and disease markers in cancer and diseases associated with reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Valadez-Cosmes
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shi B, Liu X, Thomas P, Pang Y, Xu Y, Li X, Li X. Identification and characterization of a progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) structurally related to Paqr7 in the ovary of Cynoglossus semilaevis and its potential role in regulating oocyte maturation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 237:109-120. [PMID: 27554928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane progestin receptors (mPRs) play an important role in the regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation in fish. However, details of the molecular endocrine mechanism regulating oocyte maturation in multiple spawning fish with asynchronous ovarian development remain unclear. The cDNA encoding a novel progestin and adipoQ receptor with structural similarity to mPRα (Paqr7), herein called Paqr7b, was cloned and sequenced from the ovary of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Paqr7b represents an evolutionary intermediate between mPRα and mPRβ and shares high homology with other similar Paqr proteins in other teleost species. However, the tongue sole Paqr7b protein showed much greater homology to teleost mPRαs (average 52%) than mPRβs (average 40%), suggesting it may have arisen from gene duplication of mPRα. paqr7b and paqr7 mRNA exhibited similar patterns of tissue expression. The mRNA and protein of Paqr7b were ubiquitously detected in all tissues analyzed, including the ovary. Moreover, in situ hybridization results revealed that paqr7b was expressed in stage V oocytes, as well as in scattered cells in the pituitary. The expression of paqr7b mRNA in brain and ovary significantly increased from ovarian development stage II to stage V (P<0.05), and was maximal at stage V, and then sharply decreased at stage VI. The transcript level of paqr7b mRNA in the pituitary also peaked at stage V (P<0.05). Treatment of tongue sole ovarian follicles with gonadotropin consistently increased the expression level of Paqr7b protein and mRNA in both a dose- and stage-dependent manner. Microinjection of tongue sole oocytes with a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to Paqr7b blocked the progestin induction of oocyte maturation. Our findings demonstrate an important role of Paqr7b in the regulation of oocyte maturation in tongue sole and suggest the receptor may also influence other aspects of reproduction, such as pituitary function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Shi
- Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuezhou Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas At Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Yefei Pang
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas At Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Yongjiang Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Arbo BD, Benetti F, Ribeiro MF. Astrocytes as a target for neuroprotection: Modulation by progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 144:27-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
41
|
Wang C, Liu D, Chen W, Ge W, Hong W, Zhu Y, Chen SX. Progestin increases the expression of gonadotropins in pituitaries of male zebrafish. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:143-56. [PMID: 27113852 PMCID: PMC4938713 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the in vivo positive effects of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP), the major progestin in zebrafish, on early spermatogenesis was much stronger than the ex vivo ones, which may suggest an effect of DHP on the expression of gonadotropins. In our present study, we first observed that fshb and lhb mRNA levels in the pituitary of male adult zebrafish were greatly inhibited by 3 weeks exposure to 10nM estradiol (E2). However, an additional 24h 100nM DHP exposure not only reversed the E2-induced inhibition, but also significantly increased the expression of fshb and lhb mRNA. These stimulatory effects were also observed in male adult fish without E2 pretreatment, and a time course experiment showed that it took 24h for fshb and 12h for lhb to respond significantly. Because these stimulatory activities were partially antagonized by a nuclear progesterone receptor (Pgr) antagonist mifepristone, we generated a Pgr-knockout (pgr(-/-)) model using the TALEN technique. With and without DHP in vivo treatment, fshb and lhb mRNA levels of pgr(-/-) were significantly lower than those of pgr(+/+) Furthermore, ex vivo treatment of pituitary fragments of pgr(-/-) with DHP stimulated lhb, but not fshb mRNA expression. Results from double-colored fluorescent in situ hybridization showed that pgr mRNA was expressed only in fshb-expressing cells. Taken together, our results indicated that DHP participated in the regulation of neuroendocrine control of reproduction in male zebrafish, and exerted a Pgr-mediated direct stimulatory effect on fshb mRNA at pituitary level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental ScienceCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen, China
| | - Dongteng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental ScienceCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen, China
| | - Weiting Chen
- Centre of ReproductionDevelopment and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of ReproductionDevelopment and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wanshu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental ScienceCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental ScienceCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Department of BiologyEast Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shi X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental ScienceCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen, China State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and TechnologyXiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moore AM, Campbell RE. The neuroendocrine genesis of polycystic ovary syndrome: A role for arcuate nucleus GABA neurons. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:106-17. [PMID: 26455490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent and distressing endocrine disorder lacking a clearly identified aetiology. Despite its name, PCOS may result from impaired neuronal circuits in the brain that regulate steroid hormone feedback to the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Ovarian function in all mammals is controlled by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, a small group of neurons that reside in the pre-optic area of the hypothalamus. GnRH neurons drive the secretion of the gonadotropins from the pituitary gland that subsequently control ovarian function, including the production of gonadal steroid hormones. These hormones, in turn, provide important feedback signals to GnRH neurons via a hormone sensitive neuronal network in the brain. In many women with PCOS this feedback pathway is impaired, resulting in the downstream consequences of the syndrome. This review will explore what is currently known from clinical and animal studies about the identity, relative contribution and significance of the individual neuronal components within the GnRH neuronal network that contribute to the pathophysiology of PCOS. We review evidence for the specific neuronal pathways hypothesised to mediate progesterone negative feedback to GnRH neurons, and discuss the potential mechanisms by which androgens may evoke disruptions in these circuits at different developmental time points. Finally, this review discusses data providing compelling support for disordered progesterone-sensitive GABAergic input to GnRH neurons, originating specifically within the arcuate nucleus in prenatal androgen induced forms of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleisha M Moore
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca E Campbell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang YT, Liu DT, Zhu Y, Chen SX, Hong WS. Cloning and olfactory expression of progestin receptors in the Chinese black sleeper Bostrichthys sinensis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 230-231:87-102. [PMID: 27018395 PMCID: PMC5421406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies suggested that 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP), an oocyte maturation inducing progestin, also acts as a sex pheromone in Chinese black sleeper Bostrichthys sinensis, a fish species that inhabits intertidal zones and mates and spawns inside a muddy burrow. The electro-olfactogram response to DHP increased during the breeding season. In the present study, we cloned the cDNAs of the nine progestin receptors (pgr, paqr5, 6, 7(a, b), 8, 9, pgrmc1, 2) from B. sinensis, analyzed their tissue distribution, and determined the expression in the olfactory rosette during the reproductive cycle in female and male fish. The deduced amino acid sequences of the nine progestin receptors share high sequence identities with those of other fish species and relatively lower homology with their mammalian counterparts, and phylogenetic analyses classified the nine B. sinensis progestin receptors into their respective progestin receptor groups. Tissue distribution of B. sinensis progestin receptors showed differential expression patterns, but all these nine genes were expressed in the olfactory rosette. Interestingly, paqr5 mRNA was found in the intermediate and basal parts of the olfactory epithelium but not in the central core using in situ hybridization, and its expression level was the highest in the olfactory rosette among the tissues examined. These results suggested Paqr5 may have an important role for transmitting progestin signaling in the olfactory system. The expression levels of paqr7a and paqr7b, pgr and pgrmc2 mRNA peaked around the mid meiotic stage, and that of paqr8 peaked at late meiotic stage in the olfactory rosette in males, while the olfactory expression of paqr5 decreased gradually as spermatogenesis progressed. In contrast, the expression of the progestin receptors did not change significantly during the development of the ovary in the olfactory rosette in females, except that of pgr. Interestingly, the changes of paqr8 expression in the olfactory rosette in males mirrored the changes of plasma DHP levels in females during the reproductive cycle, suggesting the Paqr8 may also be important for deciphering progestin signaling released by female. To our knowledge, this is the first time to demonstrate the presence of all known progestin receptors in a teleost olfactory rosette, and to show different expressions between the males and females during the reproductive cycle. This study provides the first evidence on changes of all purported progestin receptors during a reproductive cycle in teleost olfactory rosette, and suggests that distinct olfactory sensitivities to DHP may be due to the changes and compositions of each progestin receptor in B. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ting Zhang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Dong Teng Liu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Yong Zhu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, PR China; Department of Biology, Howell Science Complex, East Carolina University, 1000 E, 5th Street, Greenville, NC 27858-4553, USA
| | - Shi Xi Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, PR China.
| | - Wan Shu Hong
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Valadez-Cosmes P, Germán-Castelán L, González-Arenas A, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Hansberg-Pastor V, Camacho-Arroyo I. Expression and hormonal regulation of membrane progesterone receptors in human astrocytoma cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:176-85. [PMID: 26275946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (P) participates in the regulation of the growth of several tumors, including astrocytomas, the most common and malignant human brain tumors. It has been reported that P induces astrocytomas growth in part by its interaction with its intracellular receptors (PR). Recently, it has been reported that membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) are expressed in ovarian and breast cancer cells, and that P could exert some actions through these receptors, however, it is unknown whether mPRs are expressed in astrocytomas. In this work, U251 and U87 cell lines derived from human astrocytomas grade IV were used to study the expression, localization and hormonal regulation of three mPRs subtypes. Using RT-qPCR and Western blot techniques, we found that mPRα and mPRβ are clearly expressed at mRNA and protein levels in astrocytoma cells whereas mPRγ was barely expressed in these cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed that mPRα and mPRβ were mainly located in the cell surface. Flow cytometry assays demonstrated that in U251 and U87 cells, mPRβ is expressed by a higher percentage of both permeabilized and non-permeabilized cells as compared with mPRα. The percentage of cells expressing mPRγ was very low. P and estradiol (E) (10, 100 nM and 1 μM) decreased mPRα protein content at 12 h. In contrast, both P (100 nM and 1 μM) and E (10 and 100 nM) increased mPRβ content. Finally, by in silico analysis, we identified that mPRα, mPRβ and mPRγ promoters contain several progesterone and estrogen response elements. Our results indicate that mPRs are expressed in human astrocytoma cells, exhibiting a differential regulation by E and P. These data suggest that some P actions in astrocytoma cells may be mediated by mPRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Valadez-Cosmes
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Liliana Germán-Castelán
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F., Mexico
| | | | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Progesterone and Src family inhibitor PP1 synergistically inhibit cell migration and invasion of human basal phenotype breast cancer cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:426429. [PMID: 26075237 PMCID: PMC4449873 DOI: 10.1155/2015/426429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Basal phenotype breast cancer is one of the most aggressive breast cancers that frequently metastasize to brain. The role of sex hormones and their receptors in development of this disease is largely unclear. We demonstrated that mPRα was expressed at a moderate level in a brain metastatic BPBC cell line MB231Br, which was derived from the parent mPRα undetectable MB231 cells. It functioned as an essential mediator for progesterone induced inhibitory effects on cell migration of MB231Br and, when coincubated with PP1, synergistically enhanced the progesterone's inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion in vitro. Progesterone and PP1 cotreatment induced a cascade of molecular signaling events, such as dephosphorylation of FAK, downregulation of MMP9, VEGF, and KCNMA1 expressions. Our in vitro study demonstrated that mPRα was expressed and functioned as an essential mediator for progesterone induced inhibitory effects on cell migration and invasion in BPBC cells. This inhibitory effect was enhanced by PP1 via FAK dephosphorylation, MMP9, VEGF, and KCNMA1 downregulation mechanisms. Our study provides a new clue toward the development of novel promising agents and pathways for inhibiting nuclear hormonal receptor-negative and endocrine-resistant breast cancers.
Collapse
|
47
|
Pang Y, Dong J, Thomas P. Progesterone increases nitric oxide synthesis in human vascular endothelial cells through activation of membrane progesterone receptor-α. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E899-911. [PMID: 25805192 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00527.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone exerts beneficial effects on the human cardiovascular system by inducing rapid increases in nitric oxide (NO) production in vascular endothelial cells, but the receptors mediating these nongenomic progesterone actions remain unclear. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model, we show that progesterone binds to plasma membranes of HUVECs with the characteristics of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs). The selective mPR agonist Org OD 02-0 had high binding affinity for the progesterone receptor on HUVEC membranes, whereas nuclear PR (nPR) agonists R5020 and medroxyprogesterone acetate displayed low binding affinities. Immunocytochemical and Western blot analyses confirmed that mPRs are expressed in HUVECs and are localized on their plasma membranes. NO levels increased rapidly after treatment with 20 nM progesterone, Org OD 02-0, and a progesterone-BSA conjugate but not with R5020, suggesting that this progesterone action is at the cell surface and initiated through mPRs. Progesterone and Org OD 02-0 (20 nM) also significantly increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and eNOS phosphorylation. Knockdown of mPRα expression by treatment with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked the stimulatory effects of 20 nM progesterone on NO production and eNOS phosphorylation, whereas knockdown of nPR was ineffective. Treatment with PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase inhibitors blocked the stimulatory effects of progesterone, Org OD 02-0, and progesterone-BSA on NO production and eNOS phosphorylation and also prevented progesterone- and Org OD 02-0-induced increases in Akt and ERK phosphorylation. The results suggest that progesterone stimulation of NO production in HUVECs is mediated by mPRα and involves signaling through PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Pang
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
| | - Jing Dong
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guennoun R, Labombarda F, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, Liere P, De Nicola AF, Schumacher M. Progesterone and allopregnanolone in the central nervous system: response to injury and implication for neuroprotection. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 146:48-61. [PMID: 25196185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is a well-known steroid hormone, synthesized by ovaries and placenta in females, and by adrenal glands in both males and females. Several tissues are targets of progesterone and the nervous system is a major one. Progesterone is also locally synthesized by the nervous system and qualifies, therefore, as a neurosteroid. In addition, the nervous system has the capacity to bio-convert progesterone into its active metabolite allopregnanolone. The enzymes required for progesterone and allopregnanolone synthesis are widely distributed in brain and spinal cord. Increased local biosynthesis of pregnenolone, progesterone and 5α-dihydroprogesterone may be a part of an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism in response to nervous system injuries. Progesterone and allopregnanolone neuroprotective effects have been widely recognized. Multiple receptors or associated proteins may contribute to the progesterone effects: classical nuclear receptors (PR), membrane progesterone receptor component 1 (PGRMC1), membrane progesterone receptors (mPR), and γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors after conversion to allopregnanolone. In this review, we will succinctly describe progesterone and allopregnanolone biosynthetic pathways and enzyme distribution in brain and spinal cord. Then, we will summarize our work on progesterone receptor distribution and cellular expression in brain and spinal cord; neurosteroid stimulation after nervous system injuries (spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and stroke); and on progesterone and allopregnanolone neuroprotective effects in different experimental models including stroke and spinal cord injury. We will discuss in detail the neuroprotective effects of progesterone on the nervous system via PR, and of allopregnanolone via its modulation of GABAA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Guennoun
- UMR 788, Inserm and University Paris-Sud, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - F Labombarda
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - P Liere
- UMR 788, Inserm and University Paris-Sud, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - A F De Nicola
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Schumacher
- UMR 788, Inserm and University Paris-Sud, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Enhancement of a robust arcuate GABAergic input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in a model of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 112:596-601. [PMID: 25550522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415038112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the leading cause of female infertility, is associated with an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency, implicating abnormal steroid hormone feedback to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. This study investigated whether modifications in the synaptically connected neuronal network of GnRH neurons could account for this pathology. The PCOS phenotype was induced in mice following prenatal androgen (PNA) exposure. Serial blood sampling confirmed that PNA elicits increased LH pulse frequency and impaired progesterone negative feedback in adult females, mimicking the neuroendocrine abnormalities of the clinical syndrome. Imaging of GnRH neurons revealed greater dendritic spine density that correlated with increased putative GABAergic but not glutamatergic inputs in PNA mice. Mapping of steroid hormone receptor expression revealed that PNA mice had 59% fewer progesterone receptor-expressing cells in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARN). To address whether increased GABA innervation to GnRH neurons originates in the ARN, a viral-mediated Cre-lox approach was taken to trace the projections of ARN GABA neurons in vivo. Remarkably, projections from ARN GABAergic neurons heavily contacted and even bundled with GnRH neuron dendrites, and the density of fibers apposing GnRH neurons was even greater in PNA mice (56%). Additionally, this ARN GABA population showed significantly less colocalization with progesterone receptor in PNA animals compared with controls. Together, these data describe a robust GABAergic circuit originating in the ARN that is enhanced in a model of PCOS and may underpin the neuroendocrine pathophysiology of the syndrome.
Collapse
|
50
|
G protein-coupled receptors: extranuclear mediators for the non-genomic actions of steroids. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15412-25. [PMID: 25257522 PMCID: PMC4200746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroids hormones possess two distinct actions, a delayed genomic effect and a rapid non-genomic effect. Rapid steroid-triggered signaling is mediated by specific receptors localized most often to the plasma membrane. The nature of these receptors is of great interest and accumulated data suggest that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are appealing candidates. Increasing evidence regarding the interaction between steroids and specific membrane proteins, as well as the involvement of G protein and corresponding downstream signaling, have led to identification of physiologically relevant GPCRs as steroid extranuclear receptors. Examples include G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) for estrogen, membrane progestin receptor for progesterone, G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) and zinc transporter member 9 (ZIP9) for androgen, and trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) for thyroid hormone. These receptor-mediated biological effects have been extended to reproductive development, cardiovascular function, neuroendocrinology and cancer pathophysiology. However, although great progress have been achieved, there are still important questions that need to be answered, including the identities of GPCRs responsible for the remaining steroids (e.g., glucocorticoid), the structural basis of steroids and GPCRs' interaction and the integration of extranuclear and nuclear signaling to the final physiological function. Here, we reviewed the several significant developments in this field and highlighted a hypothesis that attempts to explain the general interaction between steroids and GPCRs.
Collapse
|