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Mohammedali A, Biernacka K, Barker RM, Holly JMP, Perks CM. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein (IGFBP)-2 in DNA Repair and Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2113. [PMID: 38893232 PMCID: PMC11171178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The role if insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in mediating chemoresistance in breast cancer cells has been demonstrated, but the mechanism of action is unclear. This study aimed to further investigate the role of IGFBP-2 in the DNA damage response induced by etoposide in MCF-7, T47D (ER+ve), and MDA-MB-231 (ER-ve) breast cancer cell lines. In the presence or absence of etoposide, IGFBP-2 was silenced using siRNA in the ER-positive cell lines, or exogenous IGFBP-2 was added to the ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell number and death were assessed using trypan blue dye exclusion assay, changes in abundance of proteins were monitored using Western blotting of whole cell lysates, and localization and abundance were determined using immunofluorescence and cell fractionation. Results from ER-positive cell lines demonstrated that upon exposure to etoposide, loss of IGFBP-2 enhanced cell death, and this was associated with a reduction in P-DNA-PKcs and an increase in γH2AX. Conversely, with ER-negative cells, the addition of IGFBP-2 in the presence of etoposide resulted in cell survival, an increase in P-DNA-PKcs, and a reduction in γH2AX. In summary, IGFBP-2 is a survival factor for breast cancer cells that is associated with enhancement of the DNA repair mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Mohammedali
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (A.M.); (K.B.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Kalina Biernacka
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (A.M.); (K.B.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Rachel M. Barker
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (A.M.); (K.B.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Jeff M. P. Holly
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK;
| | - Claire M. Perks
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (A.M.); (K.B.); (R.M.B.)
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2
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Wang Y, Huang P, Wang BG, Murdock T, Cope L, Hsu FC, Wang TL, Shih IM. Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Ovarian Cancer Precursors Reveals Reactivation of IGFBP2 during Pathogenesis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4528-4541. [PMID: 36206311 PMCID: PMC9808976 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the earliest pathogenic steps in cancer development is fundamental to improving its early detection and prevention. Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), a highly aggressive cancer, mostly originates from the fallopian tube epithelium through a precursor stage, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). In this study, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis to compare STICs, carcinoma, and their matched normal fallopian tube epithelium. Several differentially expressed genes in STICs and carcinomas were involved in cancer metabolism and detected in a larger independent transcriptomic dataset of ovarian HGSCs. Among these, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) was found to undergo DNA hypomethylation and to be increased at the protein level in STICs. Pyrosequencing revealed an association of IGFBP2 expression with the methylation state of its proximal enhancer, and 5-azacytidine treatment increased IGFBP2 expression. In postmenopausal fallopian tubes, where most STICs are detected, IGFBP2 immunoreactivity was detected in all 38 proliferatively active STICs but was undetectable in morphologically normal tubal epithelia, including those with TP53 mutations. In premenopausal fallopian tubes, IGFBP2 expression was limited to the secretory epithelium at the proliferative phase, and estradiol treatment increased IGFBP2 expression levels. IGFBP2 knockdown suppressed the growth of IGFBP2-expressing tubal epithelial cells via inactivation of the AKT pathway. Taken together, demethylation of the proximal enhancer of IGFBP2 drives tumor development by maintaining the increased IGFBP2 required for proliferation in an otherwise estrogen-deprived, proliferation-quiescent, and postmenopausal tubal microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE Molecular studies of the earliest precursor lesions of ovarian cancer reveal a role of IGFBP2 in propelling tumor initiation, providing new insights into ovarian cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peng Huang
- Biostatistics Division, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brant G. Wang
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Tricia Murdock
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leslie Cope
- Biostatistics Division, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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3
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Cheng AA, Li W, Hernandez LL. Investigating the effect of positional variation on mid-lactation mammary gland transcriptomics in mice fed either a low-fat or high-fat diet. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255770. [PMID: 34437559 PMCID: PMC8389404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been given to the effect of positional variation of gene expression in the mammary gland. However, more research is shedding light regarding the physiological differences that mammary gland location can have on the murine mammary gland. Here we examined the differentially expressed genes between mammary gland positions under either a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) in the mid-lactation mammary gland (lactation day 11; L11). Three-week old WT C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) (n = 3/group) and either the right thoracic mammary gland (TMG) or inguinal mammary gland (IMG) was collected from each dam for a total of 12 unique glands. Within each diet, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were first filtered by adjusted p-value (cutoff ≤ 0.05) and fold-change (FC, cutoff ≥2). Genes were further filtered by mean normalized read count with a cutoff≥10. We observed that mammary gland position had a significant impact on mammary gland gene expression with either LFD or HFD diet, with 1264 DEGs in LFD dams and 777 DEGs in HFD dams. We found that genes related to snRNP binding and translation initiation were most significantly altered between the TMG and IMG. Although we were not able to discern a molecular mechanism, many small nuclear RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs were differentially expressed between the TMG and IMG responsible for cellular functions such as splicing and ribosome biogenesis, which provides and interesting avenue for future research. Our study supports the hypothesis that collection of the mammary gland from a particular location influences mammary gland gene expression, thereby highlighting the importance for researchers to be vigilant in documenting and reporting which mammary gland they are using for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne A. Cheng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, UW-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, UW-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Wenli Li
- Cell Wall Biology and Utilization Research Unit, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, UW-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Liu Y, Nelson MV, Bailey C, Zhang P, Zheng P, Dome JS, Liu Y, Wang Y. Targeting the HIF-1α-IGFBP2 axis therapeutically reduces IGF1-AKT signaling and blocks the growth and metastasis of relapsed anaplastic Wilms tumor. Oncogene 2021; 40:4809-4819. [PMID: 34155347 PMCID: PMC8319145 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For patients with anaplastic Wilms tumor (WiT), metastasis and recurrence are common, and prognosis is generally poor. Novel therapies are needed to improve outcomes for patients with this high-risk WiT. A potential contributor to WiT development is constitutive activation of AKT by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and its receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway, but the complete underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) axis and the tumor-specific IGF1A are key players for constitutive activation of IGF1-AKT signaling leading to the tumor malignancy. HIF-1α and IGFBP2 are highly expressed in a majority of WiT patient samples. Deficiency of either HIF-1α or IGFBP2 or IGF1 in the tumor cells significantly impairs tumor growth and nearly abrogates metastasis in xenografted mice. Pharmacologic targeting of HIF-1α by echinomycin delivered via nanoliposomes can efficiently restrain growth and metastasis of patient-derived relapsed anaplastic WiT xenografts. Liposomal echinomycin is more potent and effective in inhibiting WiT growth than vincristine in an anaplastic WiT mouse model, and eliminates metastasis by suppressing HIF-1α targets and the HIF-1α-IGFBP2 axis, which governs IGF1-AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Marie V Nelson
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher Bailey
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pan Zheng
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- OncoC4, Inc, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dome
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- OncoC4, Inc, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Yin Wang
- Division of Cancer and Immunology Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Shetty A, Suresh PS. A synergy of estradiol with leptin modulates the long non-coding RNA NEAT1/ mmu-miR-204-5p/IGF1 axis in the uterus of high-fat-diet-induced obese ovariectomized mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 209:105843. [PMID: 33588025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of developing cancers for both males and females. This study investigated potential crosstalk between estradiol and leptin signaling pathways within the endometrium of high-fat-diet-induced obese ovariectomized mice to gain insight into possible links between obesity and endometrial cancer. We administered 17-β estradiol (0.2 μg/mouse subcutaneously) and/or recombinant mouse leptin (1 μg/g Bwt intraperitoneally.,) for 20 h to high-fat-diet-induced obese ovariectomized mice. The uterine tissues of experimental animals after treatments were studied by histological, immunohistochemical, quantitative real-time PCR (gene/miRNAs), and methylation-specific PCR analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed significantly increased expression of Cyclin d1, Esr1, Igf1, Igfbp2, Vegf, Oct4, and Pgr after estradiol and leptin co-treatment. Methylation-specific PCR results indicated that the hormonal dependent transcriptional regulation of Vegf, Igf1, and Pgr is independent of promoter methylation. The decreased expression of mmu- miR-204-5p after estradiol and leptin treatments correlated with the increased expression of long non-coding RNA Neat1. Insilico analysis confirmed the interaction of Neat1 and mmu- miR-204-5p and gene targets of mmu-miR-204-5p, including Igf1 were analyzed in this study. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed subcellular localization and increased expression of ESR, VEGF, phospho-Estrogen Receptor-α (pTyr537), and LEPR proteins following estradiol and leptin exposure. Overall, the data from our in vivo studies suggest the regulation of Neat1-mmu-miR-204-5p- Igf1 axis and associated gene expression changes in uterine tissue after estradiol and leptin co-treatment. In humans, long-term exposure to estradiol and leptin can alter endometrial homeostasis through the NEAT1-miR-204-5p-Igf1 axis and favor carcinogenic pathways, which provide mechanistic insight into the obesity-associated endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shetty
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore, 574 199, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmanaban S Suresh
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601, Kerala, India.
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6
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Ohde D, Walz M, Walz C, Noce A, Brenmoehl J, Langhammer M, Hoeflich A. Sex-Specific Control of Muscle Mass: Elevated IGFBP Proteolysis and Reductions of IGF-1 Levels Are Associated with Substantial Loss of Carcass Weight in Male DU6PxIGFBP-2 Transgenic Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102174. [PMID: 32993096 PMCID: PMC7600981 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In farmed animals, carcass weight represents an important economic trait. Since we had demonstrated that IGFBP-2 represents a potent inhibitor of muscle accretion in inbred mice, we wanted to quantify the inhibitory effects of IGFBP-2 under conditions of elevated protein mass in growth selected non-inbred mice (DU6P). Therefore, we crossed male DU6P mice with female IGFBP-2 transgenic mice. Male IGFBP-2 transgenic offspring (DU6P/IGFBP-2) were characterized by more than 20% reductions of carcass mass compared to male non-transgenic littermates. The carcass mass in males was also significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in transgenic female DU6P/IGFBP-2 mice, which showed a reduction of less than 10% (p < 0.05) compared to non-transgenic female DU6P/IGFBP-2 mice. Although transgene expression was elevated in the muscle of both sexes (p < 0.001), serum levels were normal in female, but significantly reduced in male transgenic DU6P/IGFBP-2 mice (p < 0.001). In this group, also IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 were significantly reduced in the circulation (p < 0.01). Particularly in male transgenic mice, we were able to identify proteolytic activity against recombinant IGFBP-2 included in diluted serum. IGFBP-proteolysis in males correlated with massive reductions of IGF-1 in serum samples and the presence of elevated levels of IGFBP-2 fragments. From our data, we conclude that elevated tissue expression of IGFBP-2 is an essential effector of muscle accretion and may block more than 20% of carcass mass. However, in the circulation, intact IGFBP-2 contained no reliable biomarker content. Notably, for the estimation of breeding values in meat-producing animal species, monitoring of IGFBP-2 expression in muscle appears to be supported by the present study in a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ohde
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (D.O.); (M.W.); (C.W.); (A.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Michael Walz
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (D.O.); (M.W.); (C.W.); (A.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Christina Walz
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (D.O.); (M.W.); (C.W.); (A.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Antonia Noce
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (D.O.); (M.W.); (C.W.); (A.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (D.O.); (M.W.); (C.W.); (A.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Martina Langhammer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (D.O.); (M.W.); (C.W.); (A.N.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38208-68744
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7
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Fajka-Boja R, Szebeni GJ, Hunyadi-Gulyás É, Puskás LG, Katona RL. Polyploid Adipose Stem Cells Shift the Balance of IGF1/IGFBP2 to Promote the Growth of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:157. [PMID: 32133294 PMCID: PMC7040181 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The close proximity of adipose tissue and mammary epithelium predispose involvement of adipose cells in breast cancer development. Adipose-tissue stem cells (ASCs) contribute to tumor stroma and promote growth of cancer cells. In our previous study, we have shown that murine ASCs, which undergo polyploidization during their prolonged in vitro culturing, enhanced the proliferation of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells in IGF1 dependent manner. Aims: In the present study, our aim was to clarify the regulation of ASC-derived IGF1. Methods: 4T1 murine breast carcinoma cells were co-transplanted with visceral fat-derived ASCs (vASC) or with the polyploid ASC.B6 cell line into female BALB/c mice and tumor growth and lung metastasis were monitored. The conditioned media of vASCs and ASC.B6 cells were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis and the production of IGFBP2 was verified by Western blotting. The regulatory effect was examined by adding recombinant IGFBP2 to the co-culture of ASC.B6 and 4T1. Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) activation was detected by Western blotting. Results: Polyploid ASCs promoted the tumor growth and metastasis more potently than vASCs with normal karyotype. vASCs produced the IGF1 regulator IGFBP2, which inhibited proliferation of 4T1 cells. Downregulation of IGFBP2 by polyploidization of ASCs and enhanced secretion of IGF1 allowed survival signaling in 4T1 cells, leading to Akt phosphorylation. Conclusions: Our results implicate that ASCs in the tumor microenvironment actively regulate the growth of breast cancer cells through the IGF/IGFBP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fajka-Boja
- Artificial Chromosome and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Hunyadi-Gulyás
- Laboratory of Proteomics Research, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary.,Avidin Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert L Katona
- Artificial Chromosome and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary
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8
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Expression of genes encoding IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBPs in blood of obese adolescents with insulin resistance. Endocr Regul 2020; 53:34-45. [PMID: 31517621 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of obesity and its metabolic complications is associated with dys-regulation of various intrinsic mechanisms, which control basic metabolic processes via changes in the expression of numerous regulatory genes. The main goal of this work was to study the association between the expression of insulin-like growth factors (IGF1 and IGF2) and IGF-binding proteins and insulin resistance in obese adolescents for evaluation of possible contribution of these genes in development of insulin resistance. METHODS The expression of IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBPs mRNA was measured in blood of obese adolescents with normal insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance in comparison with the normal (control) individuals. RESULTS In the blood of obese adolescents with normal insulin sensitivity the expression of IGFBP4, IGFBP5 and HTRA1 genes was down-regulated, but IGFBP2 and IGFBP7 genes up-regulated as compared to control (normal) group. At the same time, no significant changes in IGF1 and IGF2 gene expressions in this group of obese adolescents were found. Insulin resistance in obese adolescents led to up-regulation of IGF2, IGFBP2, and IGFBP7 gene expressions as well as to down-regulation of the expression of IGF1, IGFBP5 and HTRA1 genes in the blood in comparison with the obese patients, which have normal insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the level of IGFBP4 gene expression was similar in both groups of obese adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Results of this investigation provide evidence that insulin resistance in obese adolescents is associated with gene specific changes in the expression of IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP5, IGFBP7, and HTRA1 genes and these changes possibly contribute to the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
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9
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IGFBP2: integrative hub of developmental and oncogenic signaling network. Oncogene 2020; 39:2243-2257. [PMID: 31925333 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) was discovered and identified as an IGF system regulator, controlling the distribution, function, and activity of IGFs in the pericellular space. IGFBP2 is a developmentally regulated gene that is highly expressed in embryonic and fetal tissues and markedly decreases after birth. Studies over the last decades have shown that in solid tumors, IGFBP2 is upregulated and promotes several key oncogenic processes, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cellular migration, invasion, angiogenesis, stemness, transcriptional activation, and epigenetic programming via signaling that is often independent of IGFs. Growing evidence indicates that aberrant expression of IGFBP2 in cancer acts as a hub of an oncogenic network, integrating multiple cancer signaling pathways and serving as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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10
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Tang Z, Gillatt D, Rowe E, Koupparis A, Holly JM, Perks CM. IGFBP-2 acts as a tumour suppressor and plays a role in determining chemosensitivity in bladder cancer cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:7043-7057. [PMID: 31903164 PMCID: PMC6925026 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are mixed reports on the role that IGFBP-2 plays in cancer progression, with some indicating a tumour suppressive role and others showing that IGFBP-2 may act as an oncogene. These apparent contradictions may be context and tissue specific. In this study we determined the role that IGFBP-2 played on the phenotype and chemosensitivity of a selection of bladder cancer cell lines and investigated how the abundance of IGFBP-2 was regulated. We found that IGFBP-2 was more abundant in the epithelial bladder cancer cells, RT4 and UMUC3 and absent in the more mesenchymal T24 and TCCSUP cells. Silencing IGFBP-2 using siRNA in epithelial RT4 cells promoted cell proliferation, invasion, colony formation, resulted in a reduction in epithelial (E-cadherin) and an increase in mesenchymal (N-cadherin) markers and increased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced cell death. Conversely, we observed the opposite effects when adding exogenous IGFBP-2 to the mesenchymal T24 cells. We determined that IGFBP-2 was epigenetically silenced via DNA methylation as the cells adopted a mesenchymal phenotype. Collectively these data suggest that IGFBP-2 acts as a tumour suppressor and marker of chemosensitivity in epithelial bladder cancer cells and that IGFBP-2 is epigenetically silenced by methylation to promote bladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tang
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5N, England
| | - David Gillatt
- Department of Surgery, Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Edward Rowe
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol BS10 5NB, England
| | - Anthony Koupparis
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol BS10 5NB, England
| | - Jeff M.P. Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5N, England
- Co-senior authors
| | - Claire M. Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5N, England
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11
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Vishnubalaji R, Sasidharan Nair V, Ouararhni K, Elkord E, Alajez NM. Integrated Transcriptome and Pathway Analyses Revealed Multiple Activated Pathways in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:910. [PMID: 31620367 PMCID: PMC6759650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Therefore, a better understanding of BC biology and signaling pathways might lead to the development of novel biomarkers and targeted therapies. Although a number of transcriptomic studies have been performed on breast cancer patients from various geographic regions, there are almost no such comprehensive studies performed on breast cancer from patients in the gulf region. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the altered molecular networks in BC from the gulf region. Herein, we compared the transcriptome of BC to adjacent normal tissue from six BC patients and identified 1,108 upregulated and 518 downregulated transcripts. A selected number of genes from the RNA-Seq analysis were subsequently validated using qRT-PCR. Differentially expressed (2.0-fold change, adj. p < 0.05) transcripts were subjected to ingenuity pathway analysis, which revealed a myriad of affected signaling pathways and functional categories. Activation of ERBB2, FOXM1, ESR1, and IGFBP2 mechanistic networks was most prominent in BC tissue. Additionally, BC tissue exhibited marked enrichment in genes promoting cellular proliferation, migration, survival, and DNA replication and repair. The presence of genes indicative of immune cell infiltration and activation was also observed in BC tissue. We observed high concordance [43.5% (upregulated) and 62.1% (downregulated)] between differentially expressed genes in our study group and those reported for the TCGA BC cohort. Our data provide novel insight on BC biology and suggest common altered molecular networks in BC in this geographic region. Our data suggest future development of therapeutic interventions targeting those common signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Ouararhni
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Kalledsøe L, Dragsted LO, Hansen L, Kyrø C, Grønbæk H, Tjønneland A, Olsen A. The insulin-like growth factor family and breast cancer prognosis: A prospective cohort study among postmenopausal women in Denmark. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 44:33-42. [PMID: 30622040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. The evidence in relation to BC prognosis is limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between pre-diagnostic serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3 and BC prognosis (i.e. recurrence, BC specific mortality and all-cause mortality) among women diagnosed with BC. We hypothesized that higher serum levels of IGFs and IGFBPs were associated with poor BC prognosis and that the associations were modified by estrogen receptor (ER) status. DESIGN From the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, 412 postmenopausal women diagnosed with incident BC within 5 years of cohort baseline (1993-1997) were identified. Baseline serum samples were analyzed for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. Follow-up was carried out through 2014 by linkage to national Danish registries. Exposures were related to BC prognosis by Cox Proportional Hazard models; effect modification by ER status was investigated and sensitivity analyses by follow-up time were made. RESULTS During a median of 15 years, 106 women experienced recurrence and 172 died (118 due to BC). Overall, no associations were observed between IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3 and BC prognosis and no effect modification by ER status was observed. However, higher levels of IGF-II were associated with higher BC specific mortality [Hazard Ratio (HR) (95% Confidence Intervals (CI)): 1.43 (1.01-2.04)] within 10 years of follow-up. Likewise, higher levels of IGFBP-2 were associated with higher BC specific mortality [HR (95% CI): 1.87 (1.19-2.94)] within 5 years of follow-up. In contrast, higher levels of IGFBP-3 were associated with lower risk of recurrence [HR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.60-0.97)] at 5 years of follow-up and BC specific mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.80 (0.65-0.98)] within 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The present study did not support an association between higher serum levels of IGFs, IGFBPs and adverse BC prognosis. However, it is possible that the role of the IGF family in the etiology of the 5-10 year BC prognosis is different from that of longer-term BC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loa Kalledsøe
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Louise Hansen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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13
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Gao C, Zhang RS, Zheng N, Wang C. Adeno-associated virus type 2-mediated gene transfer of a short hairpin-RNA targeting human IGFBP-2 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of MDA-MB-468 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4383-4391. [PMID: 29344663 PMCID: PMC5802212 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) is prepotent in the biological treatment of breast tumor because of its low pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Our previous study demonstrated that insulin‑like growth factor‑binding protein 2 (IGFBP‑2) was highly expressed in patients with breast metastasis. In the present study, the effects of recombinant AAV2 on the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells were determined in vitro, and in vivo. rAAV2-ZsGreen-shRNA-scramble and rAAV2‑ZsGreen‑shRNA‑hIGFBP‑2 were used to transfect MDA‑MB‑468, and MCF‑10A cells respectively, and observed that these virus could not penetrate the normal human breast epithelia MCF‑10A cell line. To investigate the effect of the recombinant virus on chemotherapeutics, paclitaxel was added to MDA‑MB‑468 cells and it was demonstrated that rAAV2‑ZsGreen‑shRNA‑hIGFBP-2-infected MDA-MB-468 cells were highly chemosensitive to paclitaxel compared with rAAV2‑ZsGreen‑shRNA‑scramble‑injected cells. In addition, it was demonstrated that the invasive ability of rAAV2‑ZsGreen‑shRNA‑hIGFBP‑2‑infected MDA-MB-468 cells was highly impaired compared with the rAAV2‑ZsGreen‑shRNA‑scramble group. In the nude mice xenografts, the rAAV2‑ZsGreen‑shRNA‑hIGFBP‑2 injection inhibited tumor growth and Ki‑67 expression was significantly downregulated compared with the scramble group. Following IGFBP‑2 knockdown using rAAV2-ZsGreen-shRNA-hIGFBP‑2, matrix metalloproteinase‑2 expression was significantly reduced in tumor tissues compared with that in rAAV2‑ZsGreen‑shRNA‑scramble treated tumor tissues. These findings have provided a direction for the application of novel AAV2‑based therapeutics for treating aggressive triple‑negative breast cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Song Zhang
- The Pathology Department, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
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14
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Spitschak M, Hoeflich A. Potential Functions of IGFBP-2 for Ovarian Folliculogenesis and Steroidogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:119. [PMID: 29706932 PMCID: PMC5908976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicles, as transient structural and functional complexes with the oocyte and the associated cells, determine the female reproductive cycle and thus fertility. Ovarian function is subject to the strict control of hormones and growth factors and thus regulated by auto-, para-, and endocrine mechanisms but influenced also by endogenous factors. During the waves of follicular growth and development, one follicle (monoovulatory) or a limited number of them (polyovulatory) are selected under hypothalamic-gonadal control for maturation until ovulation, resulting in the fertile oocyte. Subordinate follicles inevitably enter different stages of atresia. A number of studies have observed species-specific alterations of IGFBP-2 levels during the phases of growth and development or selection and atresia of follicles. IGFBP-2 is thus probably involved in the process of follicle growth, differentiation, and degeneration. This may occur on the levels of IGF-dependent and -independent growth control but also due to the control of steroidogenesis, e.g., via induction of aromatase expression. In mice, IGFBP-2 delayed reproductive development most probably by IGF-independent mechanisms. Because reproductive development is closely linked to the control of life- or health-span and energy metabolism, we feel that the time is right now to resume research on the effects of IGFBP-2 in the ovarian follicular compartment.
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15
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Holly JMP, Broadhurst J, Mansor R, Bahl A, Perks CM. Hyperglycemia Promotes TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusion in Prostate Cancer Cells via Upregulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:305. [PMID: 29163372 PMCID: PMC5681733 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence shows that obesity is associated with a greater risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) and PCa-specific mortality and this is observed mainly in men with the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion. Obesity is often associated with comorbid conditions such as type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia: we investigated whether some of the exposures associated with disturbed metabolism can also affect the frequency of this gene fusion. METHODS Fusion was induced in LNCaP PCa cells in normal or high levels of glucose, with or without insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) silenced or the presence of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), insulin, or epidermal growth factor (EGF). RNA was extracted for analysis by nested PCR. Abundance of IGFBP-2, γH2AX, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNAPKcs), and β-actin were analyzed by Western immunoblotting. RESULTS Our data suggest that hyperglycemia-induced IGFBP-2 increased the frequency of the gene fusion that was accompanied by decreased levels of DNAPKcs implying that they were mediated by alterations in the rate of repair of double-strand breaks. In contrast insulin, IGF-I and EGF all decreased gene fusion events. CONCLUSION These novel observations may represent a further mechanism by which obesity can exert an effect aggravating PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. P. Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Broadhurst
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rehanna Mansor
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Bahl
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M. Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
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16
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Al Qahtani A, Holly J, Perks C. Hypoxia negates hyperglycaemia-induced chemo-resistance in breast cancer cells: the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74635-74648. [PMID: 29088813 PMCID: PMC5650368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women who suffer from breast cancer and type II diabetes with associated hyperglycaemia respond less well to chemotherapy. We have shown that hyperglycaemia induces resistance to chemotherapy through upregulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in breast cancer cells and increased insulin-like binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) in prostate cancer cells. As a tumour develops the tumour mass can outgrow the blood supply resulting in the cancer cells being exposed to hypoxia that stimulates many tumorigenic signalling pathways. Methods We used MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. Trypan blue dye exclusion assay was employed to assess cell death and Western immunoblotting was used to determine changes in protein abundance. Hypoxia was induced both chemically by the addition of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and using a hypoxia chamber. Results IGFBP-2 abundance increased with increasing concentrations of glucose (0-25 mM) that contributed to hyperglycaemia-induced chemo-resistance as it was abrogated by downregulating IGFBP-2 using siRNA. Production of IGFBP-2 is ER dependent: pre-treatment of MCF-7 cells with β-estradiol increased IGFBP-2 and induced chemo-resistance to doxorubicin. The hyperglycaemia-induced chemo-resistance and increases in FASN and IGFBP-2 were negated in a hypoxic environment, with levels of cell death unaffected by glucose concentrations. Conclusions The sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy is reduced in hyperglycaemic conditions but this effect is negated by hypoxia. These effects appear to be mediated via regulation of IGFBP-2 and FASN. Understanding the role of FASN and IGFBP-2 in chemo-resistance could provide a novel target for improving the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athba Al Qahtani
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UK
| | - Jeff Holly
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UK
| | - Claire Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UK
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17
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Schindler N, Mayer J, Saenger S, Gimsa U, Walz C, Brenmoehl J, Ohde D, Wirthgen E, Tuchscherer A, Russo VC, Frank M, Kirschstein T, Metzger F, Hoeflich A. Phenotype analysis of male transgenic mice overexpressing mutant IGFBP-2 lacking the Cardin-Weintraub sequence motif: Reduced expression of synaptic markers and myelin basic protein in the brain and a lower degree of anxiety-like behaviour. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 33:1-8. [PMID: 27919008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain growth and function are regulated by insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) but also by IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), including IGFBP-2. In addition to modulating IGF activities, IGFBP-2 interacts with a number of components of the extracellular matrix and cell membrane via a Cardin-Weintraub sequence or heparin binding domain (HBD1). The nature and the signalling elicited by these interactions are not fully understood. Here, we examined transgenic mice (H1d-hBP2) overexpressing a mutant human IGFBP-2 that lacks a specific heparin binding domain (HBD1) known as the Cardin-Weintraub sequence. H1d-hBP2 transgenic mice have the genetic background of FVB mice and are characterized by severe deficits in brain growth throughout their lifetime (p<0.05). In tissue lysates from brain hemispheres of 12-21day old male mice, protein levels of the GTPase dynamin-I were significantly reduced (p<0.01). Weight reductions were also found in distinct brain regions in two different age groups (12 and 80weeks). In the younger group, impaired weights were observed in the hippocampus (-34%; p<0.001), cerebellum (-25%; p<0.0001), olfactory bulb (-31%; p<0.05) and prefrontal cortex (-29%; p<0.05). At an age of 12weeks expression of myelin basic protein was reduced (p<0.01) in H1d-BP-2 mice in the cerebellum but not in the hippocampus. At 80weeks of age, weight reductions were similarly present in the cerebellum (-28%; p<0.001) and hippocampus (-31; p<0.05). When mice were challenged in the elevated plus maze, aged but not younger H1d-hBP2 mice displayed significantly less anxiety-like behaviour, which was also observed in a second transgenic mouse model overexpressing mouse IGFBP-2 lacking HBD1 (H1d-mBP2). These in vivo studies provide, for the first time, evidence for a specific role of IGFBP-2 in brain functions associated with anxiety and risk behaviour. These activities of IGFBP-2 could be mediated by the Cardin-Weintraub/HBD1 sequence and are altered in mice expressing IGFBP-2 lacking the HBD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schindler
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J Mayer
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - S Saenger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA CNS, Basel, Switzerland
| | - U Gimsa
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Walz
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - D Ohde
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Wirthgen
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetic and Biometry, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - V C Russo
- Hormone Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Frank
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - T Kirschstein
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - F Metzger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA CNS, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
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18
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Leyh B, Dittmer A, Lange T, Martens JWM, Dittmer J. Stromal cells promote anti-estrogen resistance of breast cancer cells through an insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5)/B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 3 (Bcl-3) axis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39307-28. [PMID: 26515727 PMCID: PMC4770774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that stromal cells promote drug resistance of cancer. Here, we show that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) desensitize ERα-positive breast cancer cells to the anti-estrogen fulvestrant. In search for the mechanism, we found that MSCs and CAFs similarly increased the activity of the PI3K/AKT and the JAK/STAT3 pathways and upregulated the expression of integrin β1, IGF1R, HIF1α, CAIX and Bcl-3 in MCF-7 cells. Further analyses revealed that MSCs and CAFs coordinately induce these changes by triggering the downregulation of IGFBP5. Loss of IGFBP5 in MCF-7 cells was an early and long-lasting event in response to MSCs and CAFs and was accompanied by growth stimulation both in the absence and presence of fulvestrant. The growth-stimulatory effect in the absence of fulvestrant could be attributed to PI3K/AKT pathway activation and could be mimicked by insulin. The growth-promoting effect in the presence of fulvestrant depended upon the upregulation of Bcl-3. By cRNA microarray analysis we identified additional IGFBP5 targets, of which two (KLHL4 and SEPP1) were inversely regulated by IGFBP5 and Bcl-3. BT474 cells also responded to stromal cells by downregulating IGFBP5 and upregulating the P-AKT, Bcl-3 and IGF1R levels, whereas T47D cells did not show any of these responses. In conclusion, our data suggest that, by targeting IGFBP5 expression in ERα-positive breast cancer cells, such as MCF-7 cells, MSCs and CAFs are able to orchestrate a variety of events, particularly activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, upregulation of Bcl-3 expression and desensitization to anti-estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Leyh
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Angela Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Theresia Lange
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
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19
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Phillips LM, Zhou X, Cogdell DE, Chua CY, Huisinga A, R Hess K, Fuller GN, Zhang W. Glioma progression is mediated by an addiction to aberrant IGFBP2 expression and can be blocked using anti-IGFBP2 strategies. J Pathol 2016; 239:355-64. [PMID: 27125842 DOI: 10.1002/path.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) overexpression is common in high-grade glioma and is both a strong biomarker of aggressive behaviour and a well-documented prognostic factor. IGFBP2 is a member of the secreted IGFBP family that functions by interacting with circulating IGFs to modulate IGF-mediated signalling. This traditional view of IGFBP2 activities has been challenged by the recognition of the diverse functions and cellular locations of members of the IGFBP family. IGFBP2 has been previously established as a driver of glioma progression to a higher grade. In this study, we sought to determine whether IGFBP2-overexpressing tumours are dependent on continued oncogene expression and whether IGFBP2 is a viable therapeutic target in glioma. We took advantage of the well-characterized RCAS/Ntv-a mouse model to create a doxycycline-inducible IGFBP2 model of glioma and demonstrated that the temporal expression of IGFBP2 has dramatic impacts on tumour progression and survival. Further, we demonstrated that IGFBP2-driven tumours are dependent on the continued expression of IGFBP2, as withdrawal of this oncogenic signal led to a significant decrease in tumour progression and prolonged survival. Inhibition of IGFBP2 also impaired tumour cell spread. To assess a therapeutically relevant inhibition strategy, we evaluated a neutralizing antibody against IGFBP2 and demonstrated that it impaired downstream IGFBP2-mediated oncogenic signalling pathways. The studies presented here indicate that IGFBP2 not only is a driver of glioma progression and a prognostic factor but is also required for tumour maintenance and thus represents a viable therapeutic target in the treatment of glioma. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette M Phillips
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David E Cogdell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Corrine Yingxuan Chua
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anouk Huisinga
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth R Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,ISB-MDA Genome Data Analysis Center, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,ISB-MDA Genome Data Analysis Center, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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20
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Fat grafting for breast cancer patients: From basic science to clinical studies. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016; 42:1088-102. [PMID: 27265042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat grafting in the surgical treatment of breast cancer has become popular in a short period of time because of the rising expectations of good esthetic results by the patients as well as the simplicity of the technique; however, the oncological safety for breast cancer patients remains a matter of debate. The procedure raises many questions considering that recent in-vitro studies have shown that fat grafting could promote tumor recurrence through diverse mechanisms, or even facilitate distant metastasis. We present a review of the currently available experimental and clinical data in order to describe and discuss patient selection criteria following breast cancer surgery.
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21
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Hoeflich A, Reyer A, Ohde D, Schindler N, Brenmoehl J, Spitschak M, Langhammer M, Tuchscherer A, Wirthgen E, Renner‐Müller I, Wanke R, Metzger F, Bielohuby M, Wolf E. Dissociation of somatic growth, time of sexual maturity, and life expectancy by overexpression of an RGD-deficient IGFBP-2 variant in female transgenic mice. Aging Cell 2016; 15:111-7. [PMID: 26507795 PMCID: PMC4717279 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired growth is often associated with an extension of lifespan. However, the negative correlation between somatic growth and life expectancy is only true within, but not between, species. This can be observed because smaller species have, as a rule, a shorter lifespan than larger species. In insects and worms, reduced reproductive development and increased fat storage are associated with prolonged lifespan. However, in mammals the relationship between the dynamics of reproductive development, fat metabolism, growth rate, and lifespan are less clear. To address this point, female transgenic mice that were overexpressing similar levels of either intact (D‐mice) or mutant insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐2 (IGFBP‐2) lacking the Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) motif (E‐ mice) were investigated. Both lines of transgenic mice exhibited a similar degree of growth impairment (−9% and −10%) in comparison with wild‐type controls (C‐mice). While in D‐mice, sexual maturation was found to be delayed and life expectancy was significantly increased in comparison with C‐mice, these parameters were unaltered in E‐mice in spite of their reduced growth rate. These observations indicate that the RGD‐domain has a major influence on the pleiotropic effects of IGFBP‐2 and suggest that somatic growth and time of sexual maturity or somatic growth and life expectancy are less closely related than thought previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute for Genome Biology Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) 18196 Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Anja Reyer
- Institute for Genome Biology Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) 18196 Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Daniela Ohde
- Institute for Genome Biology Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) 18196 Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Nancy Schindler
- Institute for Genome Biology Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) 18196 Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute for Genome Biology Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) 18196 Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Marion Spitschak
- Institute for Genome Biology Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) 18196 Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Martina Langhammer
- Institute for Genetics and Biometry Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) 18196 Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute for Genetics and Biometry Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) 18196 Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Elisa Wirthgen
- Institute for Genome Biology Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) 18196 Dummerstorf Germany
- Ligandis GbR 18276 Gülzow‐Prüzen Germany
| | - Ingrid Renner‐Müller
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology Gene Center LMU Munich 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology LMU Munich 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Friedrich Metzger
- F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd. pRED Pharma Research & Early Development DTA Neuroscience 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Bielohuby
- Endocrine Research Unit Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV Klinikum der Universität 80336 Munich Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology Gene Center LMU Munich 81377 Munich Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) 85764 Neuherberg Germany
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22
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Zeng L, Zielinska HA, Arshad A, Shield JP, Bahl A, Holly JMP, Perks CM. Hyperglycaemia-induced chemoresistance in breast cancer cells: role of the estrogen receptor. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:125-34. [PMID: 26647383 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer patients with diabetes respond less well to chemotherapy; in keeping with this we determined previously that hyperglycaemia-induced chemoresistance in estrogen receptor (ERα) positive breast cancer cells and showed that this was mediated by fatty acid synthase (FASN). More recent evidence suggests that the effect of metabolic syndrome and diabetes is not the same for all subtypes of breast cancer with inferior disease-free survival and worse overall survival only found in women with ERα positive breast cancer and not for other subtypes. Here we examined the impact of hyperglycaemia on ERα negative breast cancer cells and further investigated the mechanism underlying chemoresistance in ERα with a view to identifying strategies to alleviate hyperglycaemia-induced chemoresistance. We found that hyperglycaemia-induced chemoresistance was only observed in ERα breast cancer cells and was dependent upon the expression of ERα as chemoresistance was negated when the ERα was silenced. Hyperglycaemia-induced an increase in activation and nuclear localisation of the ERα that was downstream of FASN and dependent on the activation of MAPK. We found that fulvestrant successfully negated the hyperglycaemia-induced chemoresistance, whereas tamoxifen had no effect. In summary our data suggests that the ERα may be a predictive marker of poor response to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with diabetes. It further indicates that anti-estrogens could be an effective adjuvant to chemotherapy in such patients and indicates the importance for the personalised management of breast cancer patients with diabetes highlighting the need for clinical trials of tailored chemotherapy for diabetic patients diagnosed with ERα positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zeng
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology GroupSchool of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UKDepartment of Clinical OncologyBristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H A Zielinska
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology GroupSchool of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UKDepartment of Clinical OncologyBristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Arshad
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology GroupSchool of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UKDepartment of Clinical OncologyBristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J P Shield
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology GroupSchool of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UKDepartment of Clinical OncologyBristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Bahl
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology GroupSchool of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UKDepartment of Clinical OncologyBristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J M P Holly
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology GroupSchool of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UKDepartment of Clinical OncologyBristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C M Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology GroupSchool of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 1TD, UKDepartment of Clinical OncologyBristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
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23
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Baur B, Bozdag S. A canonical correlation analysis-based dynamic bayesian network prior to infer gene regulatory networks from multiple types of biological data. J Comput Biol 2016; 22:289-99. [PMID: 25844668 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2014.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenging and important computational problems in systems biology is to infer gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of biological systems. Several methods that exploit gene expression data have been developed to tackle this problem. In this study, we propose the use of copy number and DNA methylation data to infer GRNs. We developed an algorithm that scores regulatory interactions between genes based on canonical correlation analysis. In this algorithm, copy number or DNA methylation variables are treated as potential regulator variables, and expression variables are treated as potential target variables. We first validated that the canonical correlation analysis method is able to infer true interactions in high accuracy. We showed that the use of DNA methylation or copy number datasets leads to improved inference over steady-state expression. Our results also showed that epigenetic and structural information could be used to infer directionality of regulatory interactions. Additional improvements in GRN inference can be gleaned from incorporating the result in an informative prior in a dynamic Bayesian algorithm. This is the first study that incorporates copy number and DNA methylation into an informative prior in dynamic Bayesian framework. By closely examining top-scoring interactions with different sources of epigenetic or structural information, we also identified potential novel regulatory interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Baur
- Department of Math, Statistics and Computer Science, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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24
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Yao X, Sun S, Zhou X, Guo W, Zhang L. IGF-binding protein 2 is a candidate target of therapeutic potential in cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1451-9. [PMID: 26662106 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 2(IGFBP2), a key member of IGF family, has been reported as a notable oncogene in most human epithelium cancers. Increasing evidences suggested that IGFBP2 might be a candidate target of therapuetic potential by regulating key cancer metastasis and invasion-associated signaling networks, but there is still confusion about the mechanism on how IGFBP2 takes part in these processes. In this review, we summarized the current points of view that IGFBP2 functions in signaling pathways during tumorigenesis and tumor progression and discussed its potential clinical applications as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Guo
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Hoeflich A, Russo VC. Physiology and pathophysiology of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 - consensus and dissent on metabolic control and malignant potential. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 29:685-700. [PMID: 26522454 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 are suppressed by growth hormone and therefore represent less prominent members of the IGFBP family when compared to IGFBP-3 that carries most of the IGFs during circulation under normal conditions in humans in vivo. As soon as the GH signal is decreased expression of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 is reduced. Under conditions of lowered suppression by GH the time seems come for IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. Both IGFBPs are potent effectors of growth and metabolism. Secretion of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 is further suppressed by insulin and diminished with increasing obesity. Both IGFBP family members share the RGD sequence motif that mediates binding to integrins and is linked to PTEN/PI3K signalling. In mice, IGFBP-2 prevents age- and diet-dependent glucose insensitivity and blocks differentiation of preadipocytes. The latter function is modulated by two distinct heparin-binding domains of IGFBP-2 which are lacking in IGFBP-1. IGFBP-2 is further regulated by leptin and has been demonstrated to affect insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, further supporting a particular role of IGFBP-2 in glucose and fat metabolism. Since IGFBP-2 is controlled by sex steroids as well, we devised a scheme to compare IGFBP effects in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. While a positive association does not seem to exist with IGFBP-1 and risk of cancers within these reproductive tissues, a relationship between IGFBP-2 and breast cancer, ovarian cancer and prostate cancer does indeed appear to be present. To date, the specific roles of IGFBP-2 in estrogen signalling are unclear, though there is accumulating evidence for an effect of IGFBP-2 on PI3K signalling via PTEN, particularly in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Vincenzo C Russo
- Hormone Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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26
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Mittelman-Smith MA, Wong AM, Kathiresan ASQ, Micevych PE. Classical and membrane-initiated estrogen signaling in an in vitro model of anterior hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2162-73. [PMID: 25730107 PMCID: PMC4430613 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide kisspeptin is essential for sexual maturation and reproductive function. In particular, kisspeptin-expressing neurons in the anterior rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle are generally recognized as mediators of estrogen positive feedback for the surge release of LH, which stimulates ovulation. Estradiol induces kisspeptin expression in the neurons of the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle but suppresses kisspeptin expression in neurons of the arcuate nucleus that regulate estrogen-negative feedback. To focus on the intracellular signaling and response to estradiol underlying positive feedback, we used mHypoA51 cells, an immortalized line of kisspeptin neurons derived from adult female mouse hypothalamus. mHypoA51 neurons express estrogen receptor (ER)-α, classical progesterone receptor (PR), and kisspeptin, all key elements of estrogen-positive feedback. As with kisspeptin neurons in vivo, 17β-estradiol (E2) induced kisspeptin and PR in mHypoA51s. The ERα agonist, 1,3,5-Tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole, produced similar increases in expression, indicating that these events were mediated by ERα. However, E2-induced PR up-regulation required an intracellular ER, whereas kisspeptin expression was stimulated through a membrane ER activated by E2 coupled to BSA. These data suggest that anterior hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons integrate both membrane-initiated and classical nuclear estrogen signaling to up-regulate kisspeptin and PR, which are essential for the LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Mittelman-Smith
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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27
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IGFBP-2: The dark horse in metabolism and cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:329-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Serum IGFBP-2 and Risk of Atypical Hyperplasia of the Breast. J Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 2015:203284. [PMID: 26106415 PMCID: PMC4464590 DOI: 10.1155/2015/203284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical hyperplasia of the breast (AH) is associated with increased risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer, yet little is known about the etiology of AH. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) may contribute to the development of AH due to its proliferative effects on mammary tissue. We conducted a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women enrolled in Women's Health Initiative-Clinical Trial. Cases were 275 women who developed incident AH during follow-up, individually (1 : 1) matched to controls. Levels of IGFBP-2 were determined from fasting serum collected at baseline. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association of IGFBP-2 with risk of AH. Serum IGFBP-2 was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in risk for AH, when comparing the highest quartile to lowest quartile (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.32–1.31). This decrease in risk was most evident when analyses were restricted to nondiabetic, nonusers of hormone therapy (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13–0.86, ptrend = 0.06) and nondiabetic women who were overweight or obese (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.18–1.03, ptrend = 0.05). Results from this study provide some support for an inverse association between serum IGFBP2 levels and risk of AH, particularly in nondiabetic women who are overweight or obese. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
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29
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Wang C, Gao C, Meng K, Qiao H, Wang Y. Human adipocytes stimulate invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by secreting IGFBP-2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119348. [PMID: 25747684 PMCID: PMC4352027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims A better understanding of the effects of human adipocytes on breast cancer cells may lead to the development of new treatment strategies. We explored the effects of adipocytes on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods To study the reciprocal effects of adipocytes and cancer cells, we co-cultured human mature adipocytes and breast cancer cells in a system devoid of heterogeneous cell-cell contact. To analyze the factors that were secreted from adipocytes and that affected the invasive abilities of breast cancer cells, we detected different cytokines in various co-culture media. To study the communication of mature adipocytes and breast cancer cells in vivo, we chose 10 metastatic pathologic samples and 10 non-metastatic pathologic samples to do immunostaining. Results The co-culture media of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human mature adipocytes increased motility of MCF-7 cells. In addition, MMP-2 was remarkably up-regulated, whereas E-cadherin was down-regulated in these MCF-7 cells. Based on our co-culture medium chip results, we chose four candidate cytokines and tested their influence on metastasis individually. We found that IGFBP-2 enhanced the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells in vitro more prominently than did the other factors. In vivo, metastatic human breast tumors had higher levels of MMP-2 than did non-metastatic tumor tissue, whereas adipocytes around metastatic breast tumors had higher levels of IGFBP-2 than did adipocytes surrounding non-metastatic breast tumors. Conclusions IGFBP-2 secreted by mature adipocytes plays a key role in promoting the metastatic ability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao Gao
- The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kui Meng
- The Gulou Hospital attached to Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haishi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Wiedmer P, Schwarz F, Große B, Schindler N, Tuchscherer A, Russo VC, Tschöp MH, Hoeflich A. Gender-specific effects on food intake but no inhibition of age-related fat accretion in transgenic mice overexpressing human IGFBP-2 lacking the Cardin-Weintraub sequence motif. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:143-50. [PMID: 25663268 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IGFBP-2 affects growth and metabolism and is thought to impact on energy homeostasis and the accretion of body fat via its heparin binding domains (HBD). In order to assess the function of the HBD present in the linker domain (HBD1) we have generated transgenic mice overexpressing mutant human IGFBP-2 lacking the PKKLRP sequence and carrying a PNNLAP sequence instead. Transgenic mice expressed high amounts of human IGFBP-2, while endogenous IGFBP-2 or IGF-I serum concentrations were not affected. In both genders we performed a longitudinal analysis of growth and metabolism including at least 4 separate time points between the age of 10 and 52 weeks. Body composition was assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Food intake was recorded by an automated online-monitoring. We describe negative effects of mutant human IGFBP-2 on body weight, longitudinal growth and lean body mass (p < 0.05). Very clearly, negative effects of mutant IGFBP-2 were not observed for fat mass accretion throughout life. Instead, relative fat mass was increased in transgenic mice of both genders (p < 0.05). In male mice transgene expression significantly increased absolute mass of total body fat over all age groups (p < 0.05). Food intake was increased in female but decreased in male transgenic mice at an age of 11 weeks. Thus our study clearly provides gender- and time-specific effects of HBD1-deficient hIGFBP-2 (H1d-BP-2) on fat mass accretion and food intake. While our data are in principal agreement with current knowledge on the role of HB-domains for fat accretion we now may also speculate on a role of HBD1 for the control of eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Wiedmer
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, A.-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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31
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Beattie J, Hawsawi Y, Alkharobi H, El-Gendy R. IGFBP-2 and -5: important regulators of normal and neoplastic mammary gland physiology. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:151-8. [PMID: 25645979 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays an important role in mammary gland physiology. In addition, dysregulation of this molecular axis may have a causal role in the aetiology and development of breast cancer (BC). This report discusses the IGF axis in normal and neoplastic mammary gland with special reference to IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) -2 and -5. We describe how these high affinity binders of IGF-1 and IGF-2 may regulate local actions of growth factors in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner and how they also have IGF-independent effects in mammary gland. We discuss clinical studies which investigate both the prognostic value of IGFBP-2 and -5 expression in BC and possible involvement of these genes in the development of resistance to adjuvant endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Beattie
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK,
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32
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Hernandez BY, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Horio D, Chong CD, Loo LWM. Differences in IGF-axis protein expression and survival among multiethnic breast cancer patients. Cancer Med 2015; 4:354-62. [PMID: 25619494 PMCID: PMC4380961 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited knowledge about the biological basis of racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer outcomes. Aberrations in IGF signaling induced by obesity and other factors may contribute to these disparities. This study examines the expression profiles of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis proteins and the association with breast cancer survival across a multiethnic population. We examined the expression profiles of the IGF1, IGF1R, IGFBP2 (IGF-binding proteins), and IGFBP3 proteins in breast tumor tissue and their relationships with all-cause and breast cancer-specific survival up to 17 years postdiagnosis in a multiethnic series of 358 patients in Hawaii, USA. Native Hawaiians, Caucasians, and Japanese were compared. Covariates included demographic and clinical factors and ER/PR/HER2 (estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) status. In Native Hawaiian patients, IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 expression were each independently associated with overall and breast cancer mortality (IGFB2: HRmort = 10.96, 95% CI: 2.18–55.19 and HRmort = 35.75, 95% CI: 3.64–350.95, respectively; IGFBP3: HRmort = 5.16, 95% CI: 1.27–20.94 and HRmort = 8.60, 95% CI: 1.84–40.15, respectively). IGF1R expression was also positively associated with all-cause mortality in Native Hawaiians. No association of IGF-axis protein expression and survival was observed in Japanese or Caucasian patients. The interaction of race/ethnicity and IGFBP3 expression on mortality risk was significant. IGF-axis proteins may have variable influence on breast cancer progression across different racial/ethnic groups. Expression of binding proteins and receptors in breast tumors may influence survival in breast cancer patients by inducing aberrations in IGF signaling and/or through IGF-independent mechanisms. Additional studies to evaluate the role of the IGF-axis in breast cancer are critical to improve targeted breast cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Y Hernandez
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
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33
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Yau SW, Azar WJ, Sabin MA, Werther GA, Russo VC. IGFBP-2 - taking the lead in growth, metabolism and cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:125-42. [PMID: 25617050 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) ligands elicited via their receptors and transduced by various intracellular signal pathways is modulated by the IGF Binding Proteins (IGFBPs). Among all the IGFBPs, IGFBP-2 has been implicated in the regulation of IGF activity in most tissue and organs. Besides binding to IGFs in the circulation these IGF-regulatory activities of IGFBP-2 involve interactions with components of the extracellular matrix, cell surface proteoglycans and integrin receptors. In addition to these local peri-cellular activities, IGFBP-2 exerts other key functions within the nucleus, where IGFBP-2 directly or indirectly promotes transcriptional activation of specific genes. All of these IGFBP-2 activities, intrinsic or dependent on IGFs, contribute to its functional roles in growth/development, metabolism and malignancy as evidenced by studies in IGFBP-2 animal models and also by many in vitro studies. Finally, preclinical studies have demonstrated that IGFBP-2 administration can be beneficial in improving metabolic responses (inhibition of adipogenesis and enhanced insulin sensitivity), while blockade of IGFBP-2 appears to be an effective approach to inhibiting tumour growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Yau
- Deparment of Cell Biology, Hormone Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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34
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Targeted mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins IGF1, IGF2, IBP2, IBP3 and A2GL by blood protein precipitation. J Proteomics 2015; 113:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Hamilton N, Márquez-Garbán D, Mah V, Elshimali Y, Elashoff D, Garon E, Vadgama J, Pietras R. Estrogen Receptor-β and the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 2015; 20:373-90. [PMID: 27279236 PMCID: PMC5495464 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.v20.i5-6.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack estrogen receptor-α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) amplification and account for almost half of all breast cancer deaths. This breast cancer subtype largely affects women who are premenopausal, African-American, or have BRCA1/2 mutations. Women with TNBC are plagued with higher rates of distant metastasis that significantly diminish their overall survival and quality of life. Due to their poor response to chemotherapy, patients with TNBC would significantly benefit from development of new targeted therapeutics. Research suggests that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family and estrogen receptor beta-1 (ERβ1), due to their roles in metabolism and cellular regulation, might be attractive targets to pursue for TNBC management. Here, we review the current state of the science addressing the roles of ERβ1 and the IGF family in TNBC. Further, the potential benefit of metformin treatment in patients with TNBC as well as areas of therapeutic potential in the IGF-ERβ1 pathway are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalo Hamilton
- UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Diana Márquez-Garbán
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vei Mah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yayha Elshimali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles Drew University School of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David Elashoff
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Edward Garon
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jaydutt Vadgama
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles Drew University School of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard Pietras
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Exogenous IGFBP-2 promotes proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance to temozolomide in glioma cells via the integrin β1-ERK pathway. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1400-9. [PMID: 25093489 PMCID: PMC4183856 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is significantly increased in the serum of patients with malignant gliomas. High plasma IGFBP-2 levels are correlated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. However, the exact role of exogenous IGFBP-2 in gliomas is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the MTT cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, and the transwell migration assay, it was demonstrated that IGFBP-2 treatment stimulated proliferation and invasion in U87 and U251 cell lines and primary SU3 glioma cells. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining revealed that IGFBP-2 promoted ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Moreover, blocking ERK activation using the inhibitor PD98059 markedly reduced the effects of IGFBP-2 in glioma cells. As IGFBP-2 has an integrin-binding domain, the contribution of integrin β1 to these IGFBP-2-mediated processes was examined. Neutralisation or knockdown of the expression of integrin β1 inhibited IGFBP-2-induced ERK activation, cell proliferation, and cell invasion. Significantly, IGFBP-2 induced temozolomide resistance in glioma cells in an integrin β1/ERK-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous IGFBP-2 induces proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance in glioma cells via integrin β1/ERK signaling, suggesting that targeting this pathway could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gliomas. The identification of this pathway in glioma progression provides insight into the mechanism by which serum IGFBP-2 levels can predict the prognosis of glioma patients.
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Huang G, Dang ZF, Dang YM, Cai W, Li Y, Chen YR, Xie XD. Expression and underlying roles of IGFBP-3 in paclitaxel-treated gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:5741-5. [PMID: 25081695 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in paclitaxel-treated gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and to further investigate underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real time PCR and Western blot assays were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of IGFBP-2, -3 and -5 after paclitaxel (10 nM) treatment of SGC-7901 cells. In addition IGFBP-3 expression was silenced by RNA interference to determine effects. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycling and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared to the control group, only IGFBP-3 expression was elevated significantly after paclitaxel (10 nM) treatment (p<0.05). Paclitaxel treatment caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via downregulating Bcl-2 expression. However, the effect could be abrogated by IGFBP-3 silencing. CONCLUSIONS IGFBP-3 exhibits anti-apoptotic effects on paclitaxel-treated SGC-7901 cells via elevating Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China E-mail :
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Thorne JL, Campbell MJ. Nuclear receptors and the Warburg effect in cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:1519-27. [PMID: 24895240 PMCID: PMC4790452 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In 1927 Otto Warburg established that tumours derive energy primarily from the conversion of glucose to lactic acid and only partially through cellular respiration involving oxygen. In the 1950s he proposed that all causes of cancer reflected different mechanisms of disabling cellular respiration in favour of fermentation (now termed aerobic glycolysis). The role of aberrant glucose metabolism in cancer is now firmly established. The shift away from oxidative phosphorylation towards the metabolically expensive aerobic glycolysis is somewhat counter-intuitive given its wasteful nature. Multiple control processes are in place to maintain cellular efficiency and it is likely that these mechanisms are disrupted to facilitate the shift to the reliance on aerobic glycolysis. One such process of cell control is mediated by the nuclear receptor superfamily. This large family of transcription factors plays a significant role in sensing environmental cues and controlling decisions on proliferation, differentiation and cell death for example, to regulate glucose uptake and metabolism and to modulate the actions of oncogenes and tumour suppressors. In this review we highlight mechanisms by which nuclear receptors actions are altered during tumorigenic transformation and can serve to enhance the shift to aerobic glycolysis. At the simplest level, a basic alteration in NR behaviour can serve to enhance glycolytic flux thus providing a basis for enhanced survival within the tumour micro-environment. Ameliorating the enhanced NR activity in this context may help to sensitize cancer cells to Warburg targeted therapies and may provide future drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Thorne
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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Exogenous administration of protease-resistant, non-matrix-binding IGFBP-2 inhibits tumour growth in a murine model of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2855-64. [PMID: 24853186 PMCID: PMC4056053 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) signal via the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) and IGF-II also activates the insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A). Signalling via both receptors promotes tumour growth, survival and metastasis. In some instances IGF-II action via the IR-A also promotes resistance to anti-IGF-1R inhibitors. This study assessed the efficacy of two novel modified IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) proteins that were designed to sequester both IGFs. The two modified IGFBP-2 proteins were either protease resistant alone or also lacked the ability to bind extracellular matrix (ECM). METHODS The modified IGFBP-2 proteins were tested in vitro for their abilities to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and in vivo to inhibit MCF-7 breast tumour xenograft growth. RESULTS Both mutants retained low nanomolar affinity for IGF-I and IGF-II (0.8-2.1-fold lower than IGFBP-2) and inhibited cancer cell proliferation in vitro. However, the combined protease resistant, non-matrix-binding mutant was more effective in inhibiting MCF-7 tumour xenograft growth and led to inhibition of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS By removing protease cleavage and matrix-binding sites, modified IGFBP-2 was effective in inhibiting tumour growth and reducing tumour angiogenesis.
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List EO, Berryman DE, Funk K, Jara A, Kelder B, Wang F, Stout MB, Zhi X, Sun L, White TA, LeBrasseur NK, Pirtskhalava T, Tchkonia T, Jensen EA, Zhang W, Masternak MM, Kirkland JL, Miller RA, Bartke A, Kopchick JJ. Liver-specific GH receptor gene-disrupted (LiGHRKO) mice have decreased endocrine IGF-I, increased local IGF-I, and altered body size, body composition, and adipokine profiles. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1793-805. [PMID: 24517230 PMCID: PMC3990850 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GH is an important regulator of body growth and composition as well as numerous other metabolic processes. In particular, liver plays a key role in the GH/IGF-I axis, because the majority of circulating "endocrine" IGF-I results from GH-stimulated liver IGF-I production. To develop a better understanding of the role of liver in the overall function of GH, we generated a strain of mice with liver-specific GH receptor (GHR) gene knockout (LiGHRKO mice). LiGHRKO mice had a 90% decrease in circulating IGF-I levels, a 300% increase in circulating GH, and significant changes in IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, and IGFBP-7. LiGHRKO mice were smaller than controls, with body length and body weight being significantly decreased in both sexes. Analysis of body composition over time revealed a pattern similar to those found in GH transgenic mice; that is, LiGHRKO mice had a higher percentage of body fat at early ages followed by lower percentage of body fat in adulthood. Local IGF-I mRNA levels were significantly increased in skeletal muscle and select adipose tissue depots. Grip strength was increased in LiGHRKO mice. Finally, circulating levels of leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were increased in LiGHRKO mice. In conclusion, LiGHRKO mice are smaller despite increased local mRNA expression of IGF-I in several tissues, suggesting that liver-derived IGF-I is indeed important for normal body growth. Furthermore, our data suggest that novel GH-dependent cross talk between liver and adipose is important for regulation of adipokines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute (E.O.L., D.E.B., K.F., A.J., B.K., E.A.J., W.Z., J.J.K.), Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (E.O.L.), School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness (D.E.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (D.E.B., A.J., J.J.K.), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701-2942; Department of Internal Medicine (F.W., A.B.), Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9628; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging (M.B.S., T.A.W., N.K.L., T.P., T.T., J.L.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002; College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences (X.Z., M.M.M.), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827-7406; and Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center (L.S., R.A.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200
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Purrington KS, Slager S, Eccles D, Yannoukakos D, Fasching PA, Miron P, Carpenter J, Chang-Claude J, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Kristensen V, Anton-Culver H, Goodfellow P, Tapper WJ, Rafiq S, Gerty SM, Durcan L, Konstantopoulou I, Fostira F, Vratimos A, Apostolou P, Konstanta I, Kotoula V, Lakis S, Dimopoulos MA, Skarlos D, Pectasides D, Fountzilas G, Beckmann MW, Hein A, Ruebner M, Ekici AB, Hartmann A, Schulz-Wendtland R, Renner SP, Janni W, Rack B, Scholz C, Neugebauer J, Andergassen U, Lux MP, Haeberle L, Clarke C, Pathmanathan N, Rudolph A, Flesch-Janys D, Nickels S, Olson JE, Ingle JN, Olswold C, Slettedahl S, Eckel-Passow JE, Anderson S, Visscher DW, Cafourek VL, Sicotte H, Prodduturi N, Weiderpass E, Bernstein L, Ziogas A, Ivanovich J, Giles GG, Baglietto L, Southey M, Kosma VM, Fischer HP, Reed MW, Cross SS, Deming-Halverson S, Shrubsole M, Cai Q, Shu XO, Daly M, Weaver J, Ross E, Klemp J, Sharma P, Torres D, Rüdiger T, Wölfing H, Ulmer HU, Försti A, Khoury T, Kumar S, Pilarski R, Shapiro CL, Greco D, Heikkilä P, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Irwanto A, Liu J, Pankratz VS, Wang X, Severi G, Mannermaa A, Easton D, Hall P, Brauch H, Cox A, Zheng W, Godwin AK, Hamann U, Ambrosone C, Toland AE, Nevanlinna H, Vachon CM, Couch FJ. Genome-wide association study identifies 25 known breast cancer susceptibility loci as risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1012-9. [PMID: 24325915 PMCID: PMC4004200 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with a unique set of epidemiologic and genetic risk factors. We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of TN breast cancer (stage 1: 1529 TN cases, 3399 controls; stage 2: 2148 cases, 1309 controls) to identify loci that influence TN breast cancer risk. Variants in the 19p13.1 and PTHLH loci showed genome-wide significant associations (P < 5 × 10(-) (8)) in stage 1 and 2 combined. Results also suggested a substantial enrichment of significantly associated variants among the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed in stage 2. Variants from 25 of 74 known breast cancer susceptibility loci were also associated with risk of TN breast cancer (P < 0.05). Associations with TN breast cancer were confirmed for 10 loci (LGR6, MDM4, CASP8, 2q35, 2p24.1, TERT-rs10069690, ESR1, TOX3, 19p13.1, RALY), and we identified associations with TN breast cancer for 15 additional breast cancer loci (P < 0.05: PEX14, 2q24.1, 2q31.1, ADAM29, EBF1, TCF7L2, 11q13.1, 11q24.3, 12p13.1, PTHLH, NTN4, 12q24, BRCA2, RAD51L1-rs2588809, MKL1). Further, two SNPs independent of previously reported signals in ESR1 [rs12525163 odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, P = 4.9 × 10(-) (4)] and 19p13.1 (rs1864112 OR = 0.84, P = 1.8 × 10(-) (9)) were associated with TN breast cancer. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for TN breast cancer based on known breast cancer risk variants showed a 4-fold difference in risk between the highest and lowest PRS quintiles (OR = 4.03, 95% confidence interval 3.46-4.70, P = 4.8 × 10(-) (69)). This translates to an absolute risk for TN breast cancer ranging from 0.8% to 3.4%, suggesting that genetic variation may be used for TN breast cancer risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Penelope Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jane Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paul Goodfellow
- Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William J. Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Susan M. Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Athanassios Vratimos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Apostolou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Irene Konstanta
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | | | - Sotiris Lakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Skarlos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, “Metropolitan” Hospital, Athens 151 25, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Section, “Hippokration” Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, “Papageorgiou” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | | | | | - Ruediger Schulz-Wendtland
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Renner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Christoph Scholz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Julia Neugebauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Ulrich Andergassen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Christine Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Sydney Medical School Westmead, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pathmanathan
- Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Seth Slettedahl
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - S.Keith Anderson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel W. Visscher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Hugues Sicotte
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Naresh Prodduturi
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9019, Norway
- Folkhälsan Research Cancer Centre, Helsinki 00250, Finland
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo N-0304, Norway
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Cancer Etiology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte 91010, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennifer Ivanovich
- Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Melissa Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine; Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, and Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 80130, Finland
| | - Hans-Peter Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty University Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany, 72074
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum D-44789, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Malcom W.R. Reed
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre and
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sandra Deming-Halverson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mary Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - JoEllen Weaver
- PennMed Biobank, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Ross
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - Jennifer Klemp
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia University Javeriana, Bogota D.C. 11001000, Colombia
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany
| | - Heidrun Wölfing
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Ulmer
- Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden 76530, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, University of Lund, Malmö 223 63, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Shicha Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics and
| | - Charles L. Shapiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672 Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672 Singapore
| | | | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine; Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, and Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 80130, Finland
| | - Douglas Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany, 72074
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre and
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christine Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Celine M. Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Han S, Meng L, Han S, Wang Y, Wu A. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels after postoperative combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy predict prognosis in elderly glioblastoma patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93791. [PMID: 24690948 PMCID: PMC3972244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been found that preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels correlate with prognosis in glioma patients. The prognostic value of plasma IGFBP-2 after postoperative combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy in glioma patients is unknown. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels in 83 glioblastoma patients after postoperative radiotherapy plus chemotherapy were analyzed using an IGFBP-2 ELISA kit. We found that after standard therapy plasma IGFBP-2 levels significantly correlated with the patient's age (R = 0.738, P<0.001) and Karnofsky performance status (KPS, R = −0.633, P<0.05). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of death according to plasma IGFBP-2 levels adjusted for patient clinical characteristics. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels significantly correlated with overall survival in glioblastoma patients (multivariate HR = 1.035; 95% CI, 1.024–1.047; P<0.001). The effect of plasma IGFBP-2 levels on survival seemed to differ according to patients' age. Among patients older than 60, high plasma IGFBP-2 levels were associated with a significant increase in overall mortality (HR = 1.097; 95% CI, 1.055–1.140; P<0.001). In contrast, plasma IGFBP-2 levels conferred no significant effect on mortality among patients younger than 60. Elevated plasma IGFBP-2 levels after combined postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in elderly glioblastoma patients correlate with poor KPS score and predicts poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingxuan Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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Mountzios G, Aivazi D, Kostopoulos I, Kourea HP, Kouvatseas G, Timotheadou E, Zebekakis P, Efstratiou I, Gogas H, Vamvouka C, Chrisafi S, Stofas A, Pentheroudakis G, Koutras A, Galani E, Bafaloukos D, Fountzilas G. Differential expression of the insulin-like growth factor receptor among early breast cancer subtypes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91407. [PMID: 24637962 PMCID: PMC3956672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We sought to determine the level of protein expression of the critical components of the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) pathway and to evaluate their prognostic significance across the different early breast cancer subtypes. Patients and Methods Archival tumor tissue from 1,021 women with early, node positive breast cancer, who were prospectively evaluated within two randomized clinical trials, was used to construct tissue microarrays that were stained for hormone receptors (HR), Ki67, HER2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cytokeratins 5/6, to classify tumors into five immunophenotypical subgroups. Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of IGF1R-alpha and beta subunits, IGF2R and IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) was assessed using the immunoreactive score (IRS). Repeated internal cross-validation was performed to examine the statistical validity of the cut off points for all biomarkers. Results After a median follow-up time of 105.4 months, overall 370 women (36.2%) had relapsed and 270 (26.4%) had died. Tumors expressing IGF1R-alpha above the median IRS were significantly more frequently HR positive (luminal A+B+HER2), as compared to HER2-enriched and triple negative ones (p<0.001 for both comparisons). IGF2R was overexpressed significantly more frequently in HR negative tumors (p = 0.001) and had an inverse correlation with all other biomarkers. Patients with luminal A and B tumors with high IGF1R-alpha and negative EGFR expression (N = 190) had significantly higher 4-year survival rates, as compared to the rest (log-rank p = 0.046), as did patients with luminal A and B tumors with high IGF1R-alpha and low IGF2R expression, as compared to the rest (N = 91), (log-rank p = 0.035). After adjustment for significant variables, patients in the latter group had a relative 45% reduction in the risk of death, as compared to the rest (p = 0.035). Conclusion Aberrant expression of components of the IGF1R pathway is associated with better clinical outcomes in women with luminal A and B, node positive, early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannis Mountzios
- Department of Medical Oncology, 251 Airforce General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Dimitra Aivazi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kostopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen P. Kourea
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Timotheadou
- Department of Medical Oncology, “Papageorgiou” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, “Laiko” General Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sofia Chrisafi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Stofas
- Pathology Department National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Galani
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, “Metropolitan” Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, “Papageorgiou” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zeng L, Holly JMP, Perks CM. Effects of physiological levels of the green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate on breast cancer cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:61. [PMID: 24847310 PMCID: PMC4019852 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological concentrations of the green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) caused growth inhibition in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive MCF7 cells that was associated with down-regulation of the ERα and reduced insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 abundance and increased protein abundance of the tumor suppressor genes p53/p21. In contrast to MCF7 cells that have wt p53, EGCG alone did not change cell proliferation or death significantly in another ERα-positive cell line T47D that possesses mutant p53. EGCG increased ERα protein levels and as a consequence, the cells responded significantly better to an ERα antagonist tamoxifen (TAM) in the presence of EGCG. EGCG significantly increased cell death in an ERα-negative cell line, MDA-MB-231 that also possesses mutant p53. EGCG significantly increased the ERα and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor levels and thereby enhanced the sensitivities of the cells to TAM and a blocking antibody targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (αIR3). In contrast to MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that exhibited significant changes in key molecules involved in breast growth and survival upon treatment with physiological levels of EGCG, the growth, survival, and levels of these proteins in non-malignant breast epithelial cells, MCF10A cells, were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeff M. P. Holly
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire M. Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- *Correspondence: Claire M. Perks, IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, 2nd Floor, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK e-mail:
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Hoeflich A, Wirthgen E, David R, Classen CF, Spitschak M, Brenmoehl J. Control of IGFBP-2 Expression by Steroids and Peptide Hormones in Vertebrates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:43. [PMID: 24778626 PMCID: PMC3985015 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IGFBP-2 (1) has been described as a brain tumor oncogene (2) and is widely expressed in cancers from different origins (3-8). IGFBP-2 alone cannot cause malignant transformation, yet progression of brain tumors to higher grade (9) and also has been provided as a protective element in earlier stages of multistage colon carcinogenesis (10). Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors that determine expression patterns of IGFBP-2 under normal and malignant conditions. The present review provides a comprehensive update of known factors that have an impact on expression of IGFBP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Hoeflich, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf 18196, Germany e-mail:
| | | | - Robert David
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Marion Spitschak
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Hawsawi Y, El-Gendy R, Twelves C, Speirs V, Beattie J. Insulin-like growth factor - oestradiol crosstalk and mammary gland tumourigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:345-53. [PMID: 24189571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development and differentiation of the mammary gland are dependent on the appropriate temporal expression of both systemically acting hormones and locally produced growth factors. A large body of evidence suggests that molecular crosstalk between these hormonal and growth factor axes is crucial for appropriate cell and tissue function. Two of the most important trophic factors involved in this process are the oestrogen (E) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) molecular axes. The reciprocal crosstalk that exists between these pathways occurs at transcriptional/post-transcriptional and translational/post-translational levels regulate the expression and activity of genes involved in this process. In a clinical context an important consequence of such crosstalk in the mammary gland is the role which it may play in the aetiology, maintenance and development of breast tumours. Although oestradiol (E2) acting through oestrogen receptors α and β (ERα/β) is important for normal mammary gland function it can also provide a mitogenic drive to ER+ breast tumours. Therefore over several years anti-oestrogen therapeutic regimens in the form of selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs - e.g. tamoxifen), aromatase inhibitors (AI e.g. anastrozole) or selective oestrogen receptor down regulators (SERDs - e.g. fulvestrant) have been used in an adjuvant setting to control tumour growth. Although initial response is usually encouraging, large cohorts of patients eventually develop resistance to these treatments leading to tumour recurrence and poor prognosis. There are potentially many routes by which breast cancer (BC) cells could escape anti-oestrogen based therapeutic strategies and one of the most studied is the possible growth factor mediated activation of ER(s). Because of this, growth factor modulation of ER activity has been an intensively studied route of molecular crosstalk in the mammary gland. The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and -2) are amongst the most potent mitogens for mammary epithelial cells and there is accumulating evidence that they interact with the E2 axis to regulate mitogenesis, apoptosis, adhesion, migration and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Such interactions are bi-directional and E2 has been shown to regulate the expression and activity of IGF axis genes with the general effect of sensitising breast epithelial cells to the actions of IGFs and insulin. In this short review we discuss the evidence for the involvement of crosstalk between the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and oestrogen axes in the mammary gland and comment on the relevance of such studies in the aetiology and treatment of BC.
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Chen X, Zheng J, Zou Y, Song C, Hu X, Zhang CC. IGF binding protein 2 is a cell-autonomous factor supporting survival and migration of acute leukemia cells. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:72. [PMID: 24191913 PMCID: PMC3851819 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in cancer development is intriguing. Previously we identified IGFBP2 as an extrinsic factor that supports the activity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Here we investigated the role of IGFBP2 in in human leukemia cells and in the retroviral AML1-ETO9a transplantation acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mouse model. RESULTS IGFBP2 is highly expressed in certain human AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Inhibition of expression of endogenous IGFBP2 in human leukemia cells led to elevated apoptosis and decreased migration and, consistently, to decreased activation of AKT and other signaling molecules. We also studied the effects of IGFBP2 knockout in the retroviral AML1-ETO9a transplantation AML mouse model. The deletion of IGFBP2 in donor AML cells significantly decreased leukemia development in transplanted mice. Lack of IGFBP2 resulted in upregulation of PTEN expression and downregulation of AKT activation, in the mouse AML cells. The treatment of IGFBP2 deficient AML cells with a PTEN inhibitor restored the wild-type colony forming ability. The deletion of IGFBP2 also led to decreased AML infiltration into peripheral organs and tissues, suggesting that IGFBP2 is required for the migration of AML cells out of bone marrow. CONCLUSION IGFBP2 is a critical cell-autonomous factor that promotes the survival and migration of acute leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas 75390, TX, USA.
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