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Helke KL, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Burrough ER, Derscheid RJ, Löhr C, McInnes EF, Scudamore CL, Brayton CF. Research Relevant Background Lesions and Conditions: Ferrets, Dogs, Swine, Sheep, and Goats. ILAR J 2021; 62:133-168. [PMID: 33712827 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models provide a valuable tool and resource for biomedical researchers as they investigate biological processes, disease pathogenesis, novel therapies, and toxicologic studies. Interpretation of animal model data requires knowledge not only of the processes/diseases being studied but also awareness of spontaneous conditions and background lesions in the model that can influence or even confound the study results. Species, breed/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplastic processes are model features that can impact the results as well as study interpretation. Here, we review these features in several common laboratory animal species, including ferret, dog (beagle), pig, sheep, and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Christiane Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth F McInnes
- Toxicologic Pathology, Toxicology Section, Human Safety at Syngenta, in Jealott's Hill, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl L Scudamore
- ExePathology, Pathologist at ExePathology, Exmouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Young MF, Ramakrishnan U. Maternal Undernutrition before and during Pregnancy and Offspring Health and Development. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2021; 76:1-13. [PMID: 33524980 DOI: 10.1159/000510595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal undernutrition remains a critical public health problem. There are large regional and within-country disparities in the burden of underweight, anemia, and micronutrient deficiencies across the globe. Driving these disparities are complex and multifactorial causes, including access to health services, water and sanitation, women's status, and food insecurity as well as the underlying social, economic, and political context. Women's health, nutrition, and wellbeing across the continuum of preconception to pregnancy are critical for ensuring positive pregnancy and long-term outcomes for both the mother and child. In this review, we summarize the evidence base for nutrition interventions before and during pregnancy that will help guide programs targeted towards women's nutrition. Growing evidence from preconception nutrition trials demonstrates an impact on offspring size at birth. Preconception anemia and low preconception weight are associated with an increased risk of low birth weight and small for gestational age births. During pregnancy, several evidence-based strategies exist, including balanced-energy protein supplements, multiple micronutrient supplements, and small-quantity lipid nutrient supplements for improving birth outcomes. There, however, remain several important priority areas and research gaps for improving women's nutrition before and during pregnancy. Further progress is needed to prioritize preconception nutrition and access to health and family planning resources. Additional research is required to understand the long-term effects of preconception and pregnancy interventions particularly on offspring development. Furthermore, while there is a strong evidence base for maternal nutrition interventions, the next frontier requires a greater focus on implementation science and equity to decrease global maternal undernutrition disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa F Young
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,
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3
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Panchenko PE, Lacroix MC, Jouin M, Voisin S, Badonnel K, Lemaire M, Meunier N, Safi-Stibler S, Persuy MA, Jouneau L, Durieux D, Lecoutre S, Jammes H, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Breton C, Junien C, Baly C, Gabory A. Effect of Maternal Obesity and Preconceptional Weight Loss on Male and Female Offspring Metabolism and Olfactory Performance in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050948. [PMID: 31035463 PMCID: PMC6566604 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the “developmental origins of health and disease” (DOHaD) concept, maternal obesity predisposes the offspring to non-communicable diseases in adulthood. While a preconceptional weight loss (WL) is recommended for obese women, its benefits on the offspring have been poorly addressed. We evaluated whether preconceptional WL was able to reverse the adverse effects of maternal obesity in a mouse model, exhibiting a modification of foetal growth and of the expression of genes encoding epigenetic modifiers in liver and placenta. We tracked metabolic and olfactory behavioural trajectories of offspring born to control, obese or WL mothers. After weaning, the offspring were either put on a control diet (CD) or a high-fat (HFD). After only few weeks of HFD, the offspring developed obesity, metabolic alterations and olfactory impairments, independently of maternal context. However, male offspring born to obese mother gained even more weight under HFD than their counterparts born to lean mothers. Preconceptional WL normalized the offspring metabolic phenotypes but had unexpected effects on olfactory performance: a reduction in olfactory sensitivity, along with a lack of fasting-induced, olfactory-based motivation. Our results confirm the benefits of maternal preconceptional WL for male offspring metabolic health but highlight some possible adverse outcomes on olfactory-based behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina E Panchenko
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | - Mélanie Jouin
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Sarah Voisin
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Karine Badonnel
- NBO, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Marion Lemaire
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Nicolas Meunier
- NBO, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | | | - Luc Jouneau
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Didier Durieux
- NBO, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Simon Lecoutre
- Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, EA4489, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Hélène Jammes
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | - Christophe Breton
- Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, EA4489, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Claudine Junien
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Christine Baly
- NBO, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Anne Gabory
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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4
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Early post-conception maternal cortisol, children’s HPAA activity and DNA methylation profiles. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 10:73-87. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) plays a critical role in the functioning of all other biological systems. Thus, studying how the environment may influence its ontogeny is paramount to understanding developmental origins of health and disease. The early post-conceptional (EPC) period could be particularly important for the HPAA as the effects of exposures on organisms’ first cells can be transmitted through all cell lineages. We evaluate putative relationships between EPC maternal cortisol levels, a marker of physiologic stress, and their children’s pre-pubertal HPAA activity (n=22 dyads). Maternal first-morning urinary (FMU) cortisol, collected every-other-day during the first 8 weeks post-conception, was associated with children’s FMU cortisol collected daily around the start of the school year, a non-experimental challenge, as well as salivary cortisol responses to an experimental challenge (all Ps<0.05), with some sex-related differences. We investigated whether epigenetic mechanisms statistically mediated these links and, therefore, could provide cues as to possible biological pathways involved. EPC cortisol was associated with >5% change in children’s buccal epithelial cells’ DNA methylation for 867 sites, while children’s HPAA activity was associated with five CpG sites. Yet, no CpG sites were related to both, EPC cortisol and children’s HPAA activity. Thus, these epigenetic modifications did not statistically mediate the observed physiological links. Larger, prospective peri-conceptional cohort studies including frequent bio-specimen collection from mothers and children will be required to replicate our analyses and, if our results are confirmed, identify biological mechanisms mediating the statistical links observed between maternal EPC cortisol and children’s HPAA activity.
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5
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Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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6
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Santos SAA, Camargo AC, Constantino FB, Colombelli KT, Mani F, Rinaldi JC, Franco S, Portela LMF, Duran BOS, Scarano WR, Hinton BT, Felisbino SL, Justulin LA. Maternal Low-Protein Diet Impairs Prostate Growth in Young Rat Offspring and Induces Prostate Carcinogenesis With Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 74:751-759. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Camargo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ketlin T Colombelli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C Rinaldi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Suelen Franco
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz M F Portela
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno O S Duran
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson R Scarano
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Barry T Hinton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
| | - Sergio L Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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7
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Pedroso JAB, de Mendonca POR, Fortes MAS, Tomaz I, Pecorali VL, Auricino TB, Costa IC, Lima LB, Furigo IC, Bueno DN, Ramos-Lobo AM, Lotfi CFP, Donato J. SOCS3 expression in SF1 cells regulates adrenal differentiation and exercise performance. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:207-222. [PMID: 28899903 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many hormones/cytokines are secreted in response to exercise and cytokine signaling may play a pivotal role in the training adaptations. To investigate the importance of cytokine signaling during vertical ladder climbing, a resistance exercise model, we produced mice lacking SOCS3 protein exclusively in steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) cells (SF1 Socs3 KO mice). SF1 expression is found in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex and gonads, as well as in neurons of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Histological markers of the fetal adrenal zone (or X-zone in rodents) were still present in adult males and postpartum SF1 Socs3 KO females, suggesting a previously unrecognized effect of SOCS3 on the terminal differentiation of the adrenal gland. This change led to a distinct distribution of lipid droplets along the adrenal cortex. Under basal conditions, adult SF1 Socs3 KO mice exhibited similar adrenal weight, and plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations. Nonetheless, SF1 Socs3 KO mice exhibited a blunted ACTH-induced corticosterone secretion. The overall metabolic responses induced by resistance training remained unaffected in SF1 Socs3 KO mice, including changes in body adiposity, glucose tolerance and energy expenditure. However, training performance and glucose control during intense resistance exercise were impaired in SF1 Socs3 KO mice. Furthermore, a reduced counter-regulatory response to 2-deoxy-d-glucose was observed in mutant mice. These findings revealed a novel participation of SOCS3 regulating several endocrine and metabolic aspects. Therefore, cytokine signaling in SF1 cells exerts an important role to sustain training performance possibly by promoting the necessary metabolic adjustments during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A B Pedroso
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro O R de Mendonca
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A S Fortes
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Tomaz
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Pecorali
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais B Auricino
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ismael C Costa
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro B Lima
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora C Furigo
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora N Bueno
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela M Ramos-Lobo
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudimara F P Lotfi
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Chavatte-Palmer P, Tarrade A, Kiefer H, Duranthon V, Jammes H. Breeding animals for quality products: not only genetics. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:94-111. [PMID: 27062878 DOI: 10.1071/rd15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease on the spread of non-communicable diseases is recognised by world agencies such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization. Early environmental effects on offspring phenotype also apply to domestic animals and their production traits. Herein, we show that maternal nutrition not only throughout pregnancy, but also in the periconception period can affect offspring phenotype through modifications of gametes, embryos and placental function. Because epigenetic mechanisms are key processes in mediating these effects, we propose that the study of epigenetic marks in gametes may provide additional information for domestic animal selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Tarrade
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Hélène Kiefer
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Véronique Duranthon
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Hélène Jammes
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
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9
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Ramírez-López MT, Arco R, Decara J, Vázquez M, Rivera P, Blanco RN, Alén F, Gómez de Heras R, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Long-Term Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Undernutrition on Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Behaviors: Sex and Tissue-Specific Alterations in the mRNA Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors and Lipid Metabolic Regulators. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:241. [PMID: 28082878 PMCID: PMC5187359 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal malnutrition causes long-lasting alterations in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis in offspring. It is still unknown whether both, the endocannabinoid (eCB) machinery and the lipid metabolism are implicated in long-term adaptive responses to fetal reprogramming caused by maternal undernutrition. We investigated the long-term effects of maternal exposure to a 20% standard diet restriction during preconceptional and gestational periods on the metabolically-relevant tissues hypothalamus, liver, and perirenal fat (PAT) of male and female offspring at adulthood. The adult male offspring from calorie-restricted dams (RC males) exhibited a differential response to the CB1 antagonist AM251 in a chocolate preference test as well as increased body weight, perirenal adiposity, and plasma levels of triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, bilirubin, and leptin. The gene expression of the cannabinoid receptors Cnr1 and Cnr2 was increased in RC male hypothalamus, but a down-expression of most eCBs-metabolizing enzymes (Faah, Daglα, Daglβ, Mgll) and several key regulators of fatty-acid β-oxidation (Cpt1b, Acox1), mitochondrial respiration (Cox4i1), and lipid flux (Pparγ) was found in their PAT. The female offspring from calorie-restricted dams exhibited higher plasma levels of LDL and glucose as well as a reduction in chocolate and caloric intake at post-weaning periods in the feeding tests. Their liver showed a decreased gene expression of Cnr1, Pparα, Pparγ, the eCBs-degrading enzymes Faah and Mgll, the de novo lipogenic enzymes Acaca and Fasn, and the liver-specific cholesterol biosynthesis regulators Insig1 and Hmgcr. Our results suggest that the long-lasting adaptive responses to maternal caloric restriction affected cannabinoid-regulated mechanisms involved in feeding behavior, adipose β-oxidation, and hepatic lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Ramírez-López
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario de GetafeMadrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Arco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Mariam Vázquez
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosario Noemi Blanco
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez de Heras
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
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10
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Ramírez-López MT, Vázquez M, Bindila L, Lomazzo E, Hofmann C, Blanco RN, Alén F, Antón M, Decara J, Arco R, Ouro D, Orio L, Suárez J, Lutz B, Gómez de Heras R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Maternal Caloric Restriction Implemented during the Preconceptional and Pregnancy Period Alters Hypothalamic and Hippocampal Endocannabinoid Levels at Birth and Induces Overweight and Increased Adiposity at Adulthood in Male Rat Offspring. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:208. [PMID: 27847471 PMCID: PMC5088205 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to inadequate nutritional conditions in critical windows of development has been associated to disturbances on metabolism and behavior in the offspring later in life. The role of the endocannabinoid system, a known regulator of energy expenditure and adaptive behaviors, in the modulation of these processes is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of exposing rat dams to diet restriction (20% less calories than standard diet) during pre-gestational and gestational periods on: (a) neonatal outcomes; (b) endocannabinoid content in hypothalamus, hippocampus and olfactory bulb at birth; (c) metabolism-related parameters; and (d) behavior in adult male offspring. We found that calorie-restricted dams tended to have a reduced litter size, although the offspring showed normal weight at birth. Pups from calorie-restricted dams also exhibited a strong decrease in the levels of anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid (AA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in the hypothalamus at birth. Additionally, pups from diet-restricted dams displayed reduced levels of AEA in the hippocampus without significant differences in the olfactory bulb. Moreover, offspring exhibited increased weight gain, body weight and adiposity in adulthood as well as increased anxiety-related responses. We propose that endocannabinoid signaling is altered by a maternal caloric restriction implemented during the preconceptional and pregnancy periods, which might lead to modifications of the hypothalamic and hippocampal circuits, potentially contributing to the long-term effects found in the adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariam Vázquez
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
| | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Ermelinda Lomazzo
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Clementine Hofmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Rosarío Noemí Blanco
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - María Antón
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocío Arco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Ouro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Raquel Gómez de Heras
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
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11
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Chavatte-Palmer P, Robles M, Tarrade A, Duranthon V. Gametes, Embryos, and Their Epigenome: Considerations for Equine Embryo Technologies. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Periconceptional Heat Stress of Holstein Dams Is Associated with Differences in Daughter Milk Production and Composition during Multiple Lactations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133574. [PMID: 26496650 PMCID: PMC4619791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress at the time of conception affects the subsequent milk production of primiparous Holstein cows; however, it is unknown whether these effects are maintained across multiple lactations. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between periconceptional heat stress and measurements of milk production and composition in cows retained within a herd for multiple lactations. National Dairy Herd Improvement Association data was obtained from Dairy Records Management Systems. Records included milk production data and milk composition data from over 75,000 and 44,000 Holstein cows, respectively, born between 2000 and 2010 in Florida, Georgia, and Texas. Conception dates were calculated by subtracting 276 d from the recorded birth date. Records for cows conceived within the months of June, July, and August were retained as heat stress conceived (HSC) cows; cows conceived within the months of December, January, and February were retained as thermoneutral conceived (TNC) contemporaries. Adjusted 305-d mature equivalent milk, protein percent and fat percent were evaluated with a mixed model ANOVA using SAS. Milk production was significantly affected by periconceptional heat stress. When a significant difference or tendency for a difference was detected between the HSC and TNC cows, the TNC produced more milk in all but one comparison. The advantage in milk production for the TNC cows over the HSC cows ranged from 82 ± 42 to 399 ± 61 kg per lactation. Alterations in fat and protein percentage were variable and most often detected in first lactations (first > second or third). Overall, the most striking result of this study is the consistency of the relationship between HSC and milk production. The nature of this relationship suggests that heat stress at or around the time of conception impairs cow milk yield throughout her lifetime.
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13
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Kleemann DO, Kelly JM, Rudiger SR, McMillen IC, Morrison JL, Zhang S, MacLaughlin SM, Smith DH, Grimson RJ, Jaensch KS, Brien FD, Plush KJ, Hiendleder S, Walker SK. Effect of periconceptional nutrition on the growth, behaviour and survival of the neonatal lamb. Anim Reprod Sci 2015. [PMID: 26220681 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periconceptional nutrition (PCN) can influence foetal hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function and alter cortisol secretion with possible consequences for maturation and growth of major organs, gestation length and behaviour. We examined effects of PCN on phenotype and survival of the neonatal lamb in 466 Merino ewes allocated to treatments providing 70%, 100% and 150% respectively, of maintenance requirements for 17 days prior and 6 days after insemination. Gestation length and birth weight for lambs in PCN treatment groups was similar (P > 0.05) but low PCN decreased the size of the neonate (crown-rump-length and metacarpal length P < 0.05). A subset of lambs euthanased at 5 days of age further showed that low PCN decreased the amount of peri-renal fat (P < 0.05) and increased liver mass (P < 0.05) while high PCN increased neck thymus and ovary mass (P < 0.05). Neonatal lambs from low PCN ewes returned faster to their mothers after release (P < 0.05) and contacted the udder in the shortest time (P < 0.05). Significant interactions between PCN treatment and sex (P < 0.05) and between PCN treatment and ewe age (P < 0.05) were also observed for time lambs took to follow the ewe. Survival of lambs was similar but potential differences may have been masked by favourable weather conditions. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of significant changes in lamb growth and development dependent on PCN and, for the first time, links these changes with significant changes in behaviour of the neonate. The impact of these effects on lamb survival and potential reproductive capacity of female offspring remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Kleemann
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, SA 5350, Australia.
| | - J M Kelly
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, SA 5350, Australia
| | - S R Rudiger
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, SA 5350, Australia
| | - I C McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; The Chancellery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2700, NSW, Australia
| | - J L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - S Zhang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - S M MacLaughlin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - D H Smith
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, SA 5350, Australia
| | - R J Grimson
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, SA 5350, Australia
| | - K S Jaensch
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, SA 5350, Australia
| | - F D Brien
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - K J Plush
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - S Hiendleder
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - S K Walker
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research Centre, Rosedale, SA 5350, Australia
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14
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Care AS, Bourque SL, Morton JS, Hjartarson EP, Davidge ST. Effect of Advanced Maternal Age on Pregnancy Outcomes and Vascular Function in the Rat. Hypertension 2015; 65:1324-30. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Advanced maternal age is becoming increasingly common in Western societies and is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that aging results in impaired vascular function in pregnancy because of increased vascular oxidative stress and resultant scavenging of nitric oxide in both uterine and systemic arteries, causing reduced uteroplacental perfusion and poor pregnancy outcomes. Using aged rats (9.5 months), we investigated the effect of a delayed first natural pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes and uterine and mesenteric artery function on gestational day 20. Delayed pregnancy in the rat reduced fertility by 46%, reduced litter size by 36%, caused fetal growth restriction, increased placental weight, and increased maternal systolic blood pressure (by 16 mm Hg). Uterine arteries from aged dams displayed reduced constriction to phenylephrine (young: 14.3±0.94 mN/mm versus aged: 11.4±0.5 mN/mm,
P
=0.02) and potassium chloride (124 mmol/L; young: 21.8±1.27 mN/mm versus aged: 14.2±1.7 mN/mm;
P
=0.01). Methacholine-induced vasodilation was similar in uterine arteries from young and aged dams. However, mesenteric arteries from aged dams had a greater nitric oxide and a reduced endothelial-derived hyperpolarization contribution to methacholine-mediated vasodilation compared with young dams. Both uterine and mesenteric arteries from aged dams had greater active myogenic responses, with area under the curve increased by 228% and 151%, in aged uterine and mesenteric arteries, respectively. These results demonstrate that vascular function is altered at an advanced maternal age and provides further insights into the risks of poor pregnancy outcomes observed in women who delay pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison S. Care
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.S.C., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (S.L.B.), Women and Children’s Health Research Institute (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Cardiovascular Research Centre (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephane L. Bourque
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.S.C., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (S.L.B.), Women and Children’s Health Research Institute (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Cardiovascular Research Centre (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.S.C., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (S.L.B.), Women and Children’s Health Research Institute (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Cardiovascular Research Centre (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emma P. Hjartarson
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.S.C., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (S.L.B.), Women and Children’s Health Research Institute (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Cardiovascular Research Centre (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.S.C., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (S.L.B.), Women and Children’s Health Research Institute (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., E.P.H., S.T.D.), Cardiovascular Research Centre (A.S.C., S.L.B., J.S.M., S.T.D.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Velazquez MA. Impact of maternal malnutrition during the periconceptional period on mammalian preimplantation embryo development. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 51:27-45. [PMID: 25498236 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During episodes of undernutrition and overnutrition the mammalian preimplantation embryo undergoes molecular and metabolic adaptations to cope with nutrient deficits or excesses. Maternal adaptations also take place to keep a nutritional microenvironment favorable for oocyte development and embryo formation. This maternal-embryo communication takes place via several nutritional mediators. Although adaptive responses to malnutrition by both the mother and the embryo may ensure blastocyst formation, the resultant quality of the embryo can be compromised, leading to early pregnancy failure. Still, studies have shown that, although early embryonic mortality can be induced during malnutrition, the preimplantation embryo possesses an enormous plasticity that allows it to implant and achieve a full-term pregnancy under nutritional stress, even in extreme cases of malnutrition. This developmental strategy, however, may come with a price, as shown by the adverse developmental programming induced by even subtle nutritional challenges exerted exclusively during folliculogenesis and the preimplantation period, resulting in offspring with a higher risk of developing deleterious phenotypes in adulthood. Overall, current evidence indicates that malnutrition during the periconceptional period can induce cellular and molecular alterations in preimplantation embryos with repercussions for fertility and postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Velazquez
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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