1
|
Jung YH, Chae CW, Han HJ. The potential role of gut microbiota-derived metabolites as regulators of metabolic syndrome-associated mitochondrial and endolysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s12276-024-01282-3. [PMID: 39085351 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the role of gut microbiota (GMB)-derived metabolites in mitochondrial and endolysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) under metabolic syndrome remains unclear, deciphering these host-metabolite interactions represents a major public health challenge. Dysfunction of mitochondria and endolysosomal networks (ELNs) plays a crucial role in metabolic syndrome and can exacerbate AD progression, highlighting the need to study their reciprocal regulation for a better understanding of how AD is linked to metabolic syndrome. Concurrently, metabolic disorders are associated with alterations in the composition of the GMB. Recent evidence suggests that changes in the composition of the GMB and its metabolites may be involved in AD pathology. This review highlights the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome-mediated AD development, focusing on the interconnected roles of mitochondrial dysfunction, ELN abnormalities, and changes in the GMB and its metabolites. We also discuss the pathophysiological role of GMB-derived metabolites, including amino acids, fatty acids, other metabolites, and extracellular vesicles, in mediating their effects on mitochondrial and ELN dysfunction. Finally, this review proposes therapeutic strategies for AD by directly modulating mitochondrial and ELN functions through targeting GMB metabolites under metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma P, Bhatia K, Singh Kapoor H, Kaur B, Khetarpal P. Genetic variants of metabolism and inflammatory pathways, and PCOS risk -Systematic review, meta-analysis, and in-silico analysis. Gene 2023; 888:147796. [PMID: 37714276 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Identification of genetic risk factors for PCOS susceptibility. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic risk variants of the genes involved in metabolic or inflammatory pathways. DATA SOURCES Relevant literature was identified and extracted from PubMed, Central Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct by using a set of keywords related to pre-determined genes up to 06 May 2023. Study selection and synthesis: PRISMA guidelines were followed to design the protocol which is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023422501). Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for different gene variants were calculated under different genetic models (dominant model, recessive model, additive model, and allele model) by using Review Manager software 4.2. MAIN OUTCOMES Metabolic genetic variants FTO rs9939609, IL-6 rs1800795 and CAPN10 rs3842570, rs2975760, and RAB5B rs705702 are associated with PCOS risk. RESULTS Forty-four relevant articles have been identified for genes involved in metabolic (n = 23) or inflammatory pathways (n = 21). There is a significant association (p < 0.05) of IL-6 rs1800795 and FTO rs9939609 with increased risk.CAPN10 rs2975760 Ins allele is suggested as a protective factor among only the non-Asian population. Also, a significant association of CAPN10 rs2975760 and RAB5B rs705702 with increased risk among the Asian population is suggested. However, no significant association could be found between CAPN10 rs3792267, rs5030952, and SUMO1P1 rs2272046, and the risk of PCOS in any of the subpopulations analysed. In silico analysis suggests the deleterious effect of IL-6 rs1800795. CONCLUSION and relevance: The study suggests the role of various genetic variants for genetic predisposition to PCOS among different subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Kabir Bhatia
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | | | - Balpreet Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan H, Zhou D, Zhang X, Jiang M, Kong X, Xue T, Gao L, Lu D, Tao C, Wang L. hsa_circRNA_BECN1 acts as a ceRNA to promote polycystic ovary syndrome progression by sponging the miR-619-5p/Rab5b axis. Mol Hum Reprod 2023; 29:gaad036. [PMID: 37882757 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age. It is also a significant cause of infertility. Circular RNAs have been found to have a crucial role in the development and progression of reproductive system diseases. In this study, we focused on circ_BECN1 and aimed to investigate its role and mechanism in PCOS, providing a foundation for early diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Our findings revealed an upregulation of circ_BECN1 expression in the ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS patients. Additionally, the silencing of circ_BECN1 resulted in inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of the human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN), therefore implicating circ_BECN1 in the cell cycle process. Through a dual-luciferase reporting assay, we determined that circ_BECN1 acts as a sponge for miR-619-5p and that Rab5b is the target gene of miR-619-5p. Moreover, the expression of Rab5b was found to be upregulated in the ovarian tissue of PCOS patients. Knocking down circ_BECN1 resulted in decreased Rab5b expression, which was then restored by using a miR-619-5p inhibitor. Additionally, rescue experiments demonstrated that overexpressing Rab5b reversed the effects of circ_BECN1 knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis in KGN cells. In summary, our findings indicate that circ_BECN1 is upregulated in PCOS GCs and promotes cell growth and cell cycle progression, and reduces cell apoptosis by modulating the miR-619-5p/Rab5b axis. Therefore, circ_BECN1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for PCOS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Fan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dongjie Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- California Excellent Fertility (CEF), Anaheim, CA, USA
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tongmin Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenyue Tao
- School of Nursing School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biobank, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Galper J, Kim WS, Dzamko N. LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1597. [PMID: 36358947 PMCID: PMC9687231 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the LRRK2 gene, encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, are a common risk factor for Parkinson's disease. How LRRK2 alterations lead to cell pathology is an area of ongoing investigation, however, multiple lines of evidence suggest a role for LRRK2 in lipid pathways. It is increasingly recognized that in addition to being energy reservoirs and structural entities, some lipids, including neural lipids, participate in signaling cascades. Early investigations revealed that LRRK2 localized to membranous and vesicular structures, suggesting an interaction of LRRK2 and lipids or lipid-associated proteins. LRRK2 substrates from the Rab GTPase family play a critical role in vesicle trafficking, lipid metabolism and lipid storage, all processes which rely on lipid dynamics. In addition, LRRK2 is associated with the phosphorylation and activity of enzymes that catabolize plasma membrane and lysosomal lipids. Furthermore, LRRK2 knockout studies have revealed that blood, brain and urine exhibit lipid level changes, including alterations to sterols, sphingolipids and phospholipids, respectively. In human LRRK2 mutation carriers, changes to sterols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, fatty acyls and glycerolipids are reported in multiple tissues. This review summarizes the evidence regarding associations between LRRK2 and lipids, and the functional consequences of LRRK2-associated lipid changes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Galper
- Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Woojin S Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen R, Murphy CJ, Xu X, Hu M, Ding J, Wu C. Ras and Rab Interactor 3: From Cellular Mechanisms to Human Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824961. [PMID: 35359443 PMCID: PMC8963869 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras and Rab interactor 3 (RIN3) functions as a Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) for some members of the Rab family of small GTPase. By promoting the activation of Rab5, RIN3 plays an important role in regulating endocytosis and endocytic trafficking. In addition, RIN3 activates Ras, another small GTPase, that controls multiple signaling pathways to regulate cellular function. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of RIN3 activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of several disease conditions ranging from Paget’s Disease of the Bone (PDB), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and to obesity. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified variants in the RIN3 gene to be linked with these disease conditions. Interestingly, some variants appear to be missense mutations in the functional domains of the RIN3 protein while most variants are located in the noncoding regions of the RIN3 gene, potentially altering its gene expression. However, neither the protein structure of RIN3 nor its exact function(s) (except for its GEF activity) has been fully defined. Furthermore, how the polymorphisms/variants contribute to disease pathogenesis remain to be understood. Herein, we examine, and review published studies in an attempt to provide a better understanding of the physiological function of RIN3; More importantly, we construct a framework linking the polymorphisms/variants of RIN3 to altered cell signaling and endocytic traffic, and to potential disease mechanism(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan Shen
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Caitlin J Murphy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mingzheng Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chengbiao Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kang BB, Chiang BH. A novel phenolic formulation for treating hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance by regulating GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:195-205. [PMID: 35528476 PMCID: PMC9072824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
7
|
Rao XS, Cong XX, Gao XK, Shi YP, Shi LJ, Wang JF, Ni CY, He MJ, Xu Y, Yi C, Meng ZX, Liu J, Lin P, Zheng LL, Zhou YT. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17 to promote Rab5-dependent glucose uptake. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3214-3234. [PMID: 34045668 PMCID: PMC8630067 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Whilst exercise stimulated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important energy sensor, has been highlighted for its potential to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the underlying mechanisms for this remain largely unknown. Here we found that AMPK positively regulates the activation of Rab5, a small GTPase which is involved in regulating Glut4 translocation, in both myoblasts and skeletal muscles. We further verified that TBC1D17, identified as a potential interacting partner of Rab5 in our recent study, is a novel GTPase activating protein (GAP) of Rab5. TBC1D17-Rab5 axis regulates transport of Glut1, Glut4, and transferrin receptor. TBC1D17 interacts with Rab5 or AMPK via its TBC domain or N-terminal 1-306 region (N-Ter), respectively. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylates the Ser 168 residue of TBC1D17 which matches the predicted AMPK consensus motif. N-Ter of TBC1D17 acts as an inhibitory region by directly interacting with the TBC domain. Ser168 phosphorylation promotes intra-molecular interaction and therefore enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17. Our findings reveal that TBC1D17 acts as a molecular bridge that links AMPK and Rab5 and delineate a previously unappreciated mechanism by which the activation of TBC/RabGAP is regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sheng Rao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xia Cong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Kui Gao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Pu Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Jing Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yao Ni
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Ming Jie He
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pulmonology, the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling Zheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ting Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karvela A, Kostopoulou E, Rojas Gil AP, Avgeri A, Pappa A, Barrios V, Lambrinidis G, Dimopoulos I, Georgiou G, Argente J, Spiliotis B. Adiponectin Signaling and Impaired GTPase Rab5 Expression in Adipocytes of Adolescents with Obesity. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:287-296. [PMID: 33075770 DOI: 10.1159/000510851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormalities in adipose tissue AdipoR1; adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interaction, PH domain, and leucine zipper containing 1 (APPL1); GTPase Rab5; adiponectin; leptin; and visfatin in adults with obesity have been associated with metabolic disturbances. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether pediatric obesity disrupts elements of the adiponectin signaling pathway and GTPase Rab5 in adipose tissue. METHODS Primary adipocyte cultures of subcutaneous abdominal tissue were obtained from 96 lean and 66 children and adolescents with obesity (AO). AdipoR1, APPL1, and GTPase Rab5 mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR and their protein content by Western immunoblotting. Serum total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin, leptin, leptin soluble receptor (sOB-R), and visfatin were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The mRNA expression and protein content of AdipoR1 and APPL1 did not differ significantly with obesity, age, or puberty. However, GTPase Rab5 protein was increased in the adipocytes of younger prepubertal children with obesity but decreased in AO. Leptin was increased in AO compared to lean adolescents (AL) and in older prepubertal lean (OPL) children and AL compared to younger prepubertal lean and obese children. sOB-R was higher in OPL children and in the AL and AO. Serum visfatin was increased in the younger prepubertal children and AO. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to adults, obesity did not change the expression of AdipoR1 and APPL1 in cultured adipocytes from biopsies of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of children and adolescents. Similar to adipose tissue studies in adults with obesity and metabolic dysfunction, the AO in our study showed reduced adipocyte GTPase Rab5 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Karvela
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Eirini Kostopoulou
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas Gil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Avgeri
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Aliki Pappa
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Paediatrics, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - George Lambrinidis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Georgiou
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Karamandaneio Childrens Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Paediatrics, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bessie Spiliotis
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Garstka MA, Błażewska KM. Targeting Small GTPases and Their Prenylation in Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9677-9710. [PMID: 34236862 PMCID: PMC8389838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A fundamental role
of pancreatic β-cells to maintain proper
blood glucose level is controlled by the Ras superfamily of small
GTPases that undergo post-translational modifications, including prenylation.
This covalent attachment with either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl
group controls their localization, activity, and protein–protein
interactions. Small GTPases are critical in maintaining glucose homeostasis
acting in the pancreas and metabolically active tissues such as skeletal
muscles, liver, or adipocytes. Hyperglycemia-induced upregulation
of small GTPases suggests that inhibition of these pathways deserves
to be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in treating T2D.
This Perspective presents how inhibition of various points in the
mevalonate pathway might affect protein prenylation and functioning
of diabetes-affected tissues and contribute to chronic inflammation
involved in diabetes mellitus (T2D) development. We also demonstrate
the currently available molecular tools to decipher the mechanisms
linking the mevalonate pathway’s enzymes and GTPases with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Tumor and Immunology, Precision Medical Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, DaMingGong, Jian Qiang Road, Wei Yang district, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gong YJ, Feng Y, Cao YY, Zhao J, Wu W, Zheng YY, Wu JR, Li X, Yang GZ, Zhou X. Huntingtin-associated protein 1 plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes by regulating the translocation of GLUT4 in mouse adipocytes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001199. [PMID: 33060070 PMCID: PMC7566288 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose disposal by insulin-responsive tissues maintains the body glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance leads to a risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Insulin stimulates the translocation of glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) vesicles from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane to facilitate glucose uptake. However, the underlying mechanisms of GLUT4 vesicle translocation are not well defined. Here we show the role of huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) in GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes and the pathogenesis of T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The parameters for glucose metabolism including body weight, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were assessed in wild-type (WT) and Hap1+/- mice. HAP1 protein expression was verified in adipose tissue. Hap1 mRNA and protein expression was monitored in adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle translocation and glucose uptake were detected using immunofluorescence techniques and quantified in primary adipocytes from Hap1-/- mice. The interaction between HAP1 and GLUT4 was assessed by immunofluorescence colocalization and co-immunoprecipitation in HEK293 cells and adipose tissue. The role of sortilin in HAP1 and GLUT4 interaction was approved by co-immunoprecipitation and RNA interference. RESULTS The expression of Hap1 mRNA and protein was detected in WT mouse adipose tissue and downregulated in adipose tissue of HFD-induced diabetic mice. Hap1+/- mice exhibited increased body weight, pronounced glucose tolerance and significant insulin intolerance compared with the WT mice. HAP1 colocalized with GLUT4 in mouse adipocytes and cotransfected HEK293 cells. Furthermore, the insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle translocation and glucose uptake were defective in Hap1-/- adipocytes. Finally, sortilin mediated the interaction of HAP1 and GLUT4. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that HAP1 formed a protein complex with GLUT4 and sortilin, and played a critical role in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes. Its downregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ju Gong
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cao
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute of Biology, National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Yun Zheng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Yang
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chae CW, Lee HJ, Choi GE, Jung YH, Kim JS, Lim JR, Kim SY, Hwang IK, Seong JK, Han HJ. High glucose-mediated PICALM and mTORC1 modulate processing of amyloid precursor protein via endosomal abnormalities. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3828-3847. [PMID: 32436237 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the detailed mechanism(s) by which DM regulates amyloid β (Aβ) processing is still unclear. The longer residence time of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in endosomes is critical for Aβ production and DM is known to cause endosomal dysregulation. Here we have examined the effects of high glucose on APP-producing endosomes and related signaling pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To identify the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of high glucose on abnormalities in early endosomes and related signalling pathways in human neuroblastoma cells. In vivo, diabetic mice treated with pharmacological inhibitors were used to examine endosomal dysfunction. KEY RESULTS The hippocampus of diabetic animals presented endosomal abnormalities and Aβ up-regulation. High glucose increased Aβ production through early endosomal enlargement achieved by increased lipid raft-mediated APP endocytosis. High glucose induced ROS-stimulated Sp1 activation, up-regulating phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), clathrin heavy chain, and adaptor-related protein complex 2 alpha 1. PICALM facilitated clathrin-mediated APP endocytosis resulting in early endosomal enlargement. Meanwhile, AMPK/mTORC1-mediated autophagy defect and ROS- and mTORC1-mediated lysosomal dysfunction aggravated early endosomal enlargement under high glucose. Moreover, the increased Aβ production and cognitive deficits in diabetic mice were reversed by inhibition of early endosomal enlargement. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS High glucose induces early endosomal abnormalities through PICALM-induced APP endocytosis and mTORC1-inhibited endosomal clearance, up-regulating Aβ production. Thus, targeting PICALM and mTORC1 to prevent endosomal disorders is a promising strategy for managing diabetes-induced AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo Yihl Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kang BB, Chiang BH. Amelioration of insulin resistance using the additive effect of ferulic acid and resveratrol on vesicle trafficking for skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Phytother Res 2019; 34:808-816. [PMID: 31802562 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of vesicle trafficking in muscle is one of the factors responsible for the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR). Ferulic acid (FER) and resveratrol (RSV) are known to have hypoglycemic property. In this study, differentiated L6 myotubes were induced with palmitate as a model of IR. Chemical ablation of muscle vesicles was used to investigate how FER and RSV influence glucose utilization. Results showed that both FER and RSV elicit glucose uptake and promote glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant muscle cells. Mechanistic studies further showed that FER markedly enhances the transferrin receptor-containing endosomal compartment activities via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/atypical protein kinase C-dependent pathway, while RSV facilitates glucose transporter storage vesicles (GSV) trafficking via an exercise-like effect of conventional protein kinase C/5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulation. Therefore, these two phenolic compounds promoted glucose transport through two separate routes, and they had an additive effect on the increase of glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle cells. These findings provide a basis for the understanding of the antidiabetic potential of RSV and FER combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bean-Bu Kang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Research Institute of Liquor and Biotechnology, Taiwan Liquor Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Been-Huang Chiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoon S, Nguyen HCT, Yoo YJ, Kim J, Baik B, Kim S, Kim J, Kim S, Nam D. Efficient pathway enrichment and network analysis of GWAS summary data using GSA-SNP2. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:e60. [PMID: 29562348 PMCID: PMC6007455 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathway-based analysis in genome-wide association study (GWAS) is being widely used to uncover novel multi-genic functional associations. Many of these pathway-based methods have been used to test the enrichment of the associated genes in the pathways, but exhibited low powers and were highly affected by free parameters. We present the novel method and software GSA-SNP2 for pathway enrichment analysis of GWAS P-value data. GSA-SNP2 provides high power, decent type I error control and fast computation by incorporating the random set model and SNP-count adjusted gene score. In a comparative study using simulated and real GWAS data, GSA-SNP2 exhibited high power and best prioritized gold standard positive pathways compared with six existing enrichment-based methods and two self-contained methods (alternative pathway analysis approach). Based on these results, the difference between pathway analysis approaches was investigated and the effects of the gene correlation structures on the pathway enrichment analysis were also discussed. In addition, GSA-SNP2 is able to visualize protein interaction networks within and across the significant pathways so that the user can prioritize the core subnetworks for further studies. GSA-SNP2 is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/gsasnp2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sora Yoon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai C T Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun J Yoo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Department of Mathematics Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bukyung Baik
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sounkou Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- SK Telecom, Seoul 04539, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Dougu Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gilleron J, Gerdes JM, Zeigerer A. Metabolic regulation through the endosomal system. Traffic 2019; 20:552-570. [PMID: 31177593 PMCID: PMC6771607 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal system plays an essential role in cell homeostasis by controlling cellular signaling, nutrient sensing, cell polarity and cell migration. However, its place in the regulation of tissue, organ and whole body physiology is less well understood. Recent studies have revealed an important role for the endosomal system in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, with implications for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. By taking insights from in vitro studies of endocytosis and exploring their effects on metabolism, we can begin to connect the fields of endosomal transport and metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we explore current understanding of how the endosomal system influences the systemic regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in mice and humans. We highlight exciting new insights that help translate findings from single cells to a wider physiological level and open up new directions for endosomal research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M)NiceFrance
| | - Jantje M. Gerdes
- Institute for Diabetes and RegenerationHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the RAB5B gene 3'UTR region with polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese Han women. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190292. [PMID: 31036605 PMCID: PMC6522744 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Previous genome-wide sequencing revealed that Ras-related protein Rab-5B (RAB5B) is a susceptible target in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Direct sequencing was performed to analyze the RAB5B gene rs1045435, rs11550558, rs34962186, rs705700, rs58717357, rs11171718, rs60028217, rs772920 loci genotypes in 300 PCOS patients and 300 healthy controls. The plasma microRNA (miRNA)-24, miR-320 levels were measured by reverse transcription fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: The risk of PCOS in C allele carriers of RAB5B gene rs1045435 locus was 3.91 times higher than that of G allele. The risk of PCOS in rs11550558 locus G allele was 4.09 times higher than A allele. The risk of PCOS in rs705700 locus C allele was 1.66 times greater than T allele. The risk of PCOS in rs11171718 locus A allele carrier was 3.84 times higher than G allele. The rs11550558 SNP was associated with PCOS risk only in those with age ≥ 31.1 years. And RAB5B gene rs11550558, rs1045435, and rs11171718 SNPs were significantly associated with PCOS risk only in subjects with BMI ≥ 23.8 kg/m2. We also found that the RAB5B gene rs1045435 SNP was associated with plasma miR-24 levels. The RAB5B gene rs11550558, rs705700, rs11171718 SNPs were correlated with plasma miR-230 levels. Conclusion: The single nucleotide polymorphisms of the rs1045435, rs11550558, rs705700, and rs11171718 loci of the RAB5B gene are associated with PCOS risk. The rs1045435 locus is likely an miR-24 binding site, while rs11550558, rs705700, and rs11171718 loci may be miR-320 binding sites.
Collapse
|
16
|
Translocation and Redistribution of GLUT4 Using a Dual-Labeled Reporter Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 29218525 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7507-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
It is crucial to determine the regulation of GLUT4 translocation and redistribution to the plasma membrane. The HA-GLUT4-GFP dual-reporter construct has become an important tool in the assessment of GLUT4 recycling in cultured adipocytes and myocytes. Through the use of light microscopy, this reporter construct allows for visualization of GLUT4 specifically at the cell surface or GLUT4 that has recycled from the cell surface while simultaneously marking the total GLUT4 pool. Here, we discuss and outline the general application of this reporter construct and its use in evaluating GLUT4 translocation within cultured adipocytes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Görgens SW, Benninghoff T, Eckardt K, Springer C, Chadt A, Melior A, Wefers J, Cramer A, Jensen J, Birkeland KI, Drevon CA, Al-Hasani H, Eckel J. Hypoxia in Combination With Muscle Contraction Improves Insulin Action and Glucose Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle via the HIF-1α Pathway. Diabetes 2017; 66:2800-2807. [PMID: 28811274 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes and develops long before the onset of the disease. It is well accepted that physical activity improves glycemic control, but the knowledge on underlying mechanisms mediating the beneficial effects remains incomplete. Exercise is accompanied by a decrease in intramuscular oxygen levels, resulting in induction of HIF-1α. HIF-1α is a master regulator of gene expression and might play an important role in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. Here we show that HIF-1α is important for glucose metabolism and insulin action in skeletal muscle. By using a genome-wide gene expression profiling approach, we identified RAB20 and TXNIP as two novel exercise/HIF-1α-regulated genes in skeletal muscle. Loss of Rab20 impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in human and mouse skeletal muscle by blocking the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface. In addition, exercise/HIF-1α downregulates the expression of TXNIP, a well-known negative regulator of insulin action. In conclusion, we are the first to demonstrate that HIF-1α is a key regulator of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle by directly controlling the transcription of RAB20 and TXNIP These results hint toward a novel function of HIF-1α as a potential pharmacological target to improve skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven W Görgens
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Benninghoff
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristin Eckardt
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Springer
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anita Melior
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakob Wefers
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Cramer
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Association of variants in SH2B1 and RABEP1 with worsening of low-density lipoprotein and glucose parameters in patients treated with psychotropic drugs. Gene 2017; 628:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
19
|
Jaldin-Fincati JR, Pavarotti M, Frendo-Cumbo S, Bilan PJ, Klip A. Update on GLUT4 Vesicle Traffic: A Cornerstone of Insulin Action. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:597-611. [PMID: 28602209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transport is rate limiting for dietary glucose utilization by muscle and fat. The glucose transporter GLUT4 is dynamically sorted and retained intracellularly and redistributes to the plasma membrane (PM) by insulin-regulated vesicular traffic, or 'GLUT4 translocation'. Here we emphasize recent findings in GLUT4 translocation research. The application of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has increased our understanding of insulin-regulated events beneath the PM, such as vesicle tethering and membrane fusion. We describe recent findings on Akt-targeted Rab GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) (TBC1D1, TBC1D4, TBC1D13) and downstream Rab GTPases (Rab8a, Rab10, Rab13, Rab14, and their effectors) along with the input of Rac1 and actin filaments, molecular motors [myosinVa (MyoVa), myosin1c (Myo1c), myosinIIA (MyoIIA)], and membrane fusion regulators (syntaxin4, munc18c, Doc2b). Collectively these findings reveal novel events in insulin-regulated GLUT4 traffic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Pavarotti
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada; IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou X, Shentu P, Xu Y. Spatiotemporal Regulators for Insulin-Stimulated GLUT4 Vesicle Exocytosis. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1683678. [PMID: 28529958 PMCID: PMC5424486 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1683678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin increases glucose uptake and storage in muscle and adipose cells, which is accomplished through the mobilization of intracellular GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) to the cell surface upon stimulation. Importantly, the dysfunction of insulin-regulated GLUT4 trafficking is strongly linked with peripheral insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in human. The insulin signaling pathway, key signaling molecules involved, and precise trafficking itinerary of GSVs are largely identified. Understanding the interaction between insulin signaling molecules and key regulatory proteins that are involved in spatiotemporal regulation of GLUT4 vesicle exocytosis is of great importance to explain the pathogenesis of diabetes and may provide new potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ping Shentu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- *Yingke Xu:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carrig S, Bijjiga E, Wopat MJ, Martino AT. Insulin Therapy Improves Adeno-Associated Virus Transduction of Liver and Skeletal Muscle in Mice and Cultured Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:892-905. [PMID: 27358030 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer is a promising treatment for genetic abnormalities. Optimal AAV vectors are showing success in clinical trials. Gene transfer to skeletal muscle and liver is being explored as a potential therapy for some conditions, that is, α1-antitrypsin (AAT) disorder and hemophilia B. Exploring approaches that enhance transduction of liver and skeletal muscle, using these vectors, is beneficial for gene therapy. Regulating hormones as an approach to improve AAV transduction is largely unexplored. In this study we tested whether insulin therapy improves liver and skeletal muscle gene transfer. In vitro studies demonstrated that the temporary coadministration (2, 8, and 24 hr) of insulin significantly improves AAV2-CMV-LacZ transduction of cultured liver cells and differentiated myofibers, but not of lung cells. In addition, there was a dose response related to this improved transduction. Interestingly, when insulin was not coadministered with the virus but given 24 hr afterward, there was no increase in the transgene product. Insulin receptor gene (INSR) expression levels were increased 5- to 13-fold in cultured liver cells and differentiated myofibers when compared with lung cells. Similar INSR gene expression profiles occurred in mouse tissues. Insulin therapy was performed in mice, using a subcutaneously implanted insulin pellet or a high-carbohydrate diet. Insulin treatment began just before intramuscular delivery of AAV1-CMV-schFIX or liver-directed delivery of AAV8-CMV-schFIX and continued for 28 days. Both insulin augmentation therapies improved skeletal muscle- and liver-directed gene transduction in mice as seen by a 3.0- to 4.5-fold increase in human factor IX (hFIX) levels. The improvement was observed even after the insulin therapy ended. Monitoring insulin showed that insulin levels increased during the brief period of rAAV delivery and during the entire insulin augmentation period (28 days). This study demonstrates that AAV transduction of liver or skeletal muscle can be improved by insulin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Carrig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, New York
| | - Enoch Bijjiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, New York
| | - Mitchell J Wopat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, New York
| | - Ashley T Martino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, New York
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saxena R, Georgopoulos NA, Braaten TJ, Bjonnes AC, Koika V, Panidis D, Welt CK. Han Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome risk variants in women of European ancestry: relationship to FSH levels and glucose tolerance. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1454-9. [PMID: 25904635 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are PCOS risk variants identified in women of Han Chinese ethnicity also associated with risk of PCOS or the phenotypic features of PCOS in European women? SUMMARY ANSWER One variant, rs2268361-T, in the intron of FSHR was associated with PCOS and lower FSH levels, while another variant rs705702-G near the RAB5B and SUOX genes was associated with insulin and glucose levels after oral glucose testing in women with PCOS of European ethnicity. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Three of the eleven variants associated with PCOS in the Han Chinese genome-wide association studies were also associated with PCOS in at least one European population when corrected for multiple testing (DENND1A, THADA and YAP1). However, additional replication is needed to establish the importance of these variants in European women and to determine the relationship to PCOS phenotypic traits. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study was a case-control examination in a discovery cohort of women with PCOS (n = 485) and controls (n = 407) from Boston (Boston 1). Replication was performed in women from Greece (cases n = 884 and controls n = 311) and an additional cohort from Boston (Boston electronic medical record (EMR); n = 350 cases and n = 1258 controls). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Women had PCOS defined by the National Institutes of Health criteria in Boston 1 and Greece (n = 783), with additional subjects fulfilling the Rotterdam criteria (hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary morphology and regular menses) in Greece (n = 101). Controls in Boston and Greece had regular menstrual cycles and no hyperandrogenism. The second cohort from Boston was defined using the EMR and natural language processing. Allele frequencies for variants associated with PCOS in Han Chinese women were examined in PCOS cases and controls, along with the relationship to quantitative traits. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A variant rs2268361-T in an intron of FSHR was associated with PCOS (0.84 [0.76-0.93], OR [95% CI]; P = 0.002). The rs2268361-T was associated with lower FSH levels (-0.15 ± 0.05; P = 0.0029). A variant rs705702-G near RAB5B and SUOX was associated with insulin (-0.16 ± 0.05, P = 0.0029) and glucose levels (-0.20 ± 0.05, P = 0.0002) 120 min after an oral glucose test. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study was large and contained replication cohorts, but was limited by a small number of controls in the Greek cohort and a small number of cases in the second Boston cohort. The second Boston group was identified using electronic medical record review, but was validated for the cardinal features of PCOS. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study demonstrates a cross-ethnic PCOS risk locus in FSHR in women of European ancestry with PCOS. The variant may influence FSH receptor responsiveness as suggested by the associated change in FSH levels. The relationship between a variant near RAB5B and SUOX and glucose stimulated insulin and glucose levels suggests an influence of one of these genes on glucose tolerance, but the absence of a relationship with PCOS points to potential differences in the international PCOS patient populations. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The project was supported by Award Number R01HD065029 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health & Human Development, Award Number 1 UL1 RR025758, Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center, from the National Center for Research Resources, award 1-10-CT-57 from the American Diabetes Association and the Partners Healthcare Center for Personalized Genetics Project Grant. C.K.W. is a consultant for Takeda Pharmaceuticals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00166569.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Saxena
- Department of Anaesthesia and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N A Georgopoulos
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - T J Braaten
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A C Bjonnes
- Department of Anaesthesia and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Koika
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - D Panidis
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece Division of Endocrinology and Human Reproduction, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C K Welt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|