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Sacharidou A, Chambliss K, Peng J, Barrera J, Tanigaki K, Luby-Phelps K, Özdemir İ, Khan S, Sirsi SR, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Kanchwala M, Sathe AA, Lemoff A, Xing C, Hoyt K, Mineo C, Shaul PW. Endothelial ERα promotes glucose tolerance by enhancing endothelial insulin transport to skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4989. [PMID: 37591837 PMCID: PMC10435471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) designated ERα has actions in many cell and tissue types that impact glucose homeostasis. It is unknown if these include mechanisms in endothelial cells, which have the potential to influence relative obesity, and processes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle that impact glucose control. Here we show that independent of impact on events in adipose tissue, endothelial ERα promotes glucose tolerance by enhancing endothelial insulin transport to skeletal muscle. Endothelial ERα-deficient male mice are glucose intolerant and insulin resistant, and in females the antidiabetogenic actions of estradiol (E2) are absent. The glucose dysregulation is due to impaired skeletal muscle glucose disposal that results from attenuated muscle insulin delivery. Endothelial ERα activation stimulates insulin transcytosis by skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells. Mechanistically this involves nuclear ERα-dependent upregulation of vesicular trafficking regulator sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) expression, and PI3 kinase activation that drives plasma membrane recruitment of SNX5. Thus, coupled nuclear and non-nuclear actions of ERα promote endothelial insulin transport to skeletal muscle to foster normal glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Sacharidou
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ken Chambliss
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jose Barrera
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Keiji Tanigaki
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Katherine Luby-Phelps
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - İpek Özdemir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sohaib Khan
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Shashank R Sirsi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Adwait A Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Philip W Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Huang J, Tiu AC, Jose PA, Yang J. Sorting nexins: role in the regulation of blood pressure. FEBS J 2023; 290:600-619. [PMID: 34847291 PMCID: PMC9149145 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of proteins that regulate cellular cargo sorting and trafficking, maintain intracellular protein homeostasis, and participate in intracellular signaling. SNXs are also important in the regulation of blood pressure via several mechanisms. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of SNXs participate in the dysregulation of blood pressure. Genetic studies show a correlation between SNX gene variants and the response to antihypertensive drugs. In this review, we summarize the progress in SNX-mediated regulation of blood pressure, discuss the potential role of SNXs in the pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension, and propose novel strategies for the medical therapy of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 410020, P.R. China
| | - Andrew C. Tiu
- Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 410020, P.R. China
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Yang J, Hall JE, Jose PA, Chen K, Zeng C. Comprehensive insights in GRK4 and hypertension: From mechanisms to potential therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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González-Casimiro CM, Cámara-Torres P, Merino B, Diez-Hermano S, Postigo-Casado T, Leissring MA, Cózar-Castellano I, Perdomo G. Effects of Fasting and Feeding on Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092446. [PMID: 34572095 PMCID: PMC8467815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed Zn2+-metallopeptidase that regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity, albeit its regulation in response to the fasting-to-postprandial transition is poorly understood. In this work, we studied the regulation of IDE mRNA and protein levels as well as its proteolytic activity in the liver, skeletal muscle, and kidneys under fasting (18 h) and refeeding (30 min and 3 h) conditions, in mice fed a standard (SD) or high-fat (HFD) diets. In the liver of mice fed an HFD, fasting reduced IDE protein levels (~30%); whereas refeeding increased its activity (~45%) in both mice fed an SD and HFD. Likewise, IDE protein levels were reduced in the skeletal muscle (~30%) of mice fed an HFD during the fasting state. Circulating lactate concentrations directly correlated with hepatic IDE activity and protein levels. Of note, L-lactate in liver lysates augmented IDE activity in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, IDE protein levels in liver and muscle tissues, but not its activity, inversely correlated (R2 = 0.3734 and 0.2951, respectively; p < 0.01) with a surrogate marker of insulin resistance (HOMA index). Finally, a multivariate analysis suggests that circulating insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, and lactate levels might be important in regulating IDE in liver and muscle tissues. Our results highlight that the nutritional regulation of IDE in liver and skeletal muscle is more complex than previously expected in mice, and that fasting/refeeding does not strongly influence the regulation of renal IDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. González-Casimiro
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.G.-C.); (P.C.-T.); (B.M.); (T.P.-C.); (I.C.-C.)
| | - Patricia Cámara-Torres
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.G.-C.); (P.C.-T.); (B.M.); (T.P.-C.); (I.C.-C.)
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.G.-C.); (P.C.-T.); (B.M.); (T.P.-C.); (I.C.-C.)
| | - Sergio Diez-Hermano
- Institute for Research in Sustainable Forest Management (iuFOR), University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain;
| | - Tamara Postigo-Casado
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.G.-C.); (P.C.-T.); (B.M.); (T.P.-C.); (I.C.-C.)
| | - Malcolm A. Leissring
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine (UCI MIND), Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA;
| | - Irene Cózar-Castellano
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.G.-C.); (P.C.-T.); (B.M.); (T.P.-C.); (I.C.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (C.M.G.-C.); (P.C.-T.); (B.M.); (T.P.-C.); (I.C.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-983-184-805
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Liu C, Li X, Fu J, Chen K, Liao Q, Wang J, Chen C, Luo H, Jose PA, Yang Y, Yang J, Zeng C. Increased AT 1 receptor expression mediates vasoconstriction leading to hypertension in Snx1 -/- mice. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:906-917. [PMID: 33972750 PMCID: PMC8590203 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is a vital therapeutic target for hypertension. Sorting nexin 1 (SNX1) participates in the sorting and trafficking of the renal dopamine D5 receptor, while angiotensin and dopamine are counterregulatory factors in the regulation of blood pressure. The effect of SNX1 on AT1R is not known. We hypothesized that SNX1, through arterial AT1R sorting and trafficking, is involved in blood pressure regulation. CRISPR/Cas9 system-generated SNX1-/- mice showed dramatic elevations in blood pressure compared to their wild-type littermates. The angiotensin II-mediated contractile reactivity of the mesenteric arteries and AT1R expression in the aortas were also increased. Moreover, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that SNX1 and AT1R were colocalized and interacted in the aortas of wild-type mice. In vitro studies revealed that AT1R protein levels and downstream calcium signaling were upregulated in A10 cells treated with SNX1 siRNA. This may have resulted from decreased AT1R protein degradation since the AT1R mRNA levels showed no changes. AT1R protein was less degraded when SNX1 was downregulated, as reflected by a cycloheximide chase assay. Furthermore, proteasomal rather than lysosomal inhibition increased AT1R protein content, and this effect was accompanied by decayed binding of ubiquitin and AT1R after SNX1 knockdown. Confocal microscopy revealed that AT1R colocalized with PSMD6, a proteasomal marker, and the colocalization was reduced after SNX1 knockdown. These findings suggest that SNX1 sorts AT1R for proteasomal degradation and that SNX1 impairment increases arterial AT1R expression, leading to increased vasoconstriction and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinjuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yongjian Yang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.
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6
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Vieira N, Rito T, Correia-Neves M, Sousa N. Sorting Out Sorting Nexins Functions in the Nervous System in Health and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4070-4106. [PMID: 33931804 PMCID: PMC8280035 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a fundamental process that controls protein/lipid composition of the plasma membrane, thereby shaping cellular metabolism, sensing, adhesion, signaling, and nutrient uptake. Endocytosis is essential for the cell to adapt to its surrounding environment, and a tight regulation of the endocytic mechanisms is required to maintain cell function and survival. This is particularly significant in the central nervous system (CNS), where composition of neuronal cell surface is crucial for synaptic functioning. In fact, distinct pathologies of the CNS are tightly linked to abnormal endolysosomal function, and several genome wide association analysis (GWAS) and biochemical studies have identified intracellular trafficking regulators as genetic risk factors for such pathologies. The sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of proteins involved in protein trafficking regulation and signaling. SNXs dysregulation occurs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Down’s syndrome (DS), schizophrenia, ataxia and epilepsy, among others, establishing clear roles for this protein family in pathology. Interestingly, restoration of SNXs levels has been shown to trigger synaptic plasticity recovery in a DS mouse model. This review encompasses an historical and evolutionary overview of SNXs protein family, focusing on its organization, phyla conservation, and evolution throughout the development of the nervous system during speciation. We will also survey SNXs molecular interactions and highlight how defects on SNXs underlie distinct pathologies of the CNS. Ultimately, we discuss possible strategies of intervention, surveying how our knowledge about the fundamental processes regulated by SNXs can be applied to the identification of novel therapeutic avenues for SNXs-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Rito
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Amatya B, Lee H, Asico LD, Konkalmatt P, Armando I, Felder RA, Jose PA. SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC Subfamily of SNXs in the Regulation of Receptor-Mediated Signaling and Membrane Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052319. [PMID: 33652569 PMCID: PMC7956473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily of sorting nexins (SNXs) belongs to the superfamily of SNX proteins. SNXs are characterized by the presence of a common phox-homology (PX) domain, along with other functional domains that play versatile roles in cellular signaling and membrane trafficking. In addition to the PX domain, the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily, except for SNX19, contains a unique RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) domain that serves as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), which accelerates GTP hydrolysis on the G protein α subunit, resulting in termination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Moreover, the PX domain selectively interacts with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and other phosphoinositides found in endosomal membranes, while also associating with various intracellular proteins. Although SNX19 lacks an RGS domain, all members of the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily serve as dual regulators of receptor cargo signaling and endosomal trafficking. This review discusses the known and proposed functions of the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily and how it participates in receptor signaling (both GPCR and non-GPCR) and endosomal-based membrane trafficking. Furthermore, we discuss the difference of this subfamily of SNXs from other subfamilies, such as SNX-BAR nexins (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs) that are associated with retromer or other retrieval complexes for the regulation of receptor signaling and membrane trafficking. Emerging evidence has shown that the dysregulation and malfunction of this subfamily of sorting nexins lead to various pathophysiological processes and disorders, including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhas Amatya
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Hewang Lee
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Laureano D. Asico
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Ines Armando
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Robin A. Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
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Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity by Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010086. [PMID: 33477364 PMCID: PMC7830943 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed metalloprotease that degrades insulin and several other intermediate-size peptides. For many decades, IDE had been assumed to be involved primarily in hepatic insulin clearance, a key process that regulates availability of circulating insulin levels for peripheral tissues. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that IDE has several other important physiological functions relevant to glucose and insulin homeostasis, including the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Investigation of mice with tissue-specific genetic deletion of Ide in the liver and pancreatic β-cells (L-IDE-KO and B-IDE-KO mice, respectively) has revealed additional roles for IDE in the regulation of hepatic insulin action and sensitivity. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about IDE’s function as a regulator of insulin secretion and hepatic insulin sensitivity, both evaluating the classical view of IDE as an insulin protease and also exploring evidence for several non-proteolytic functions. Insulin proteostasis and insulin sensitivity have both been highlighted as targets controlling blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes, so a clearer understanding the physiological functions of IDE in pancreas and liver could led to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of this disease.
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Lipid Rafts and Dopamine Receptor Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238909. [PMID: 33255376 PMCID: PMC7727868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The renal dopaminergic system has been identified as a modulator of sodium balance and blood pressure. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2018 in the United States, almost half a million deaths included hypertension as a primary or contributing cause. Renal dopamine receptors, members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, are divided in two groups: D1-like receptors that act to keep the blood pressure in the normal range, and D2-like receptors with a variable effect on blood pressure, depending on volume status. The renal dopamine receptor function is regulated, in part, by its expression in microdomains in the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts form platforms within the plasma membrane for the organization and dynamic contact of molecules involved in numerous cellular processes such as ligand binding, membrane sorting, effector specificity, and signal transduction. Understanding all the components of lipid rafts, their interaction with renal dopamine receptors, and their signaling process offers an opportunity to unravel potential treatment targets that could halt the progression of hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and their complications.
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10
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Yang L, Tan W, Yang X, You Y, Wang J, Wen G, Zhong J. Sorting nexins: A novel promising therapy target for cancerous/neoplastic diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3317-3335. [PMID: 33090492 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sorting nexins (SNXs) are a diverse group of cytoplasmic- and membrane-associated phosphoinositide-binding proteins containing the PX domain proteins. The function of SNX proteins in regulating intracellular protein trafficking consists of endocytosis, endosomal sorting, and endosomal signaling. Dysfunctions of SNX proteins are demonstrated to be involved in several cancerous/neoplastic diseases. Here, we review the accumulated evidence of the molecular structure and biological function of SNX proteins and discuss the regulatory role of SNX proteins in distinct cancerous/neoplastic diseases. SNX family proteins may be a valuable potential biomarker and therapeutic strategy for diagnostics and treatment of cancerous/neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Tan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinzhi Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yong You
- Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Gebo Wen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Pereira-Moreira R, Muscelli E. Effect of Insulin on Proximal Tubules Handling of Glucose: A Systematic Review. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8492467. [PMID: 32377524 PMCID: PMC7180501 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8492467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal proximal tubules reabsorb glucose from the glomerular filtrate and release it back into the circulation. Modulation of glomerular filtration and renal glucose disposal are some of the insulin actions, but little is known about a possible insulin effect on tubular glucose reabsorption. This review is aimed at synthesizing the current knowledge about insulin action on glucose handling by proximal tubules. Method. A systematic article selection from Medline (PubMed) and Embase between 2008 and 2019. 180 selected articles were clustered into topics (renal insulin handling, proximal tubule glucose transport, renal gluconeogenesis, and renal insulin resistance). Summary of Results. Insulin upregulates its renal uptake and degradation, and there is probably a renal site-specific insulin action and resistance; studies in diabetic animal models suggest that insulin increases renal SGLT2 protein content; in vivo human studies on glucose transport are few, and results of glucose transporter protein and mRNA contents are conflicting in human kidney biopsies; maximum renal glucose reabsorptive capacity is higher in diabetic patients than in healthy subjects; glucose stimulates SGLT1, SGLT2, and GLUT2 in renal cell cultures while insulin raises SGLT2 protein availability and activity and seems to directly inhibit the SGLT1 activity despite it activating this transporter indirectly. Besides, insulin regulates SGLT2 inhibitor bioavailability, inhibits renal gluconeogenesis, and interferes with Na+K+ATPase activity impacting on glucose transport. Conclusion. Available data points to an important insulin participation in renal glucose handling, including tubular glucose transport, but human studies with reproducible and comparable method are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pereira-Moreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Zip Code: 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Elza Muscelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Zip Code: 13083-887, Brazil
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Najjar SM, Perdomo G. Hepatic Insulin Clearance: Mechanism and Physiology. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:198-215. [PMID: 30968756 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00048.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon its secretion from pancreatic β-cells, insulin reaches the liver through the portal circulation to exert its action and eventually undergo clearance in the hepatocytes. In addition to insulin secretion, hepatic insulin clearance regulates the homeostatic level of insulin that is required to reach peripheral insulin target tissues to elicit proper insulin action. Receptor-mediated insulin uptake followed by its degradation constitutes the basic mechanism of insulin clearance. Upon its phosphorylation by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) takes part in the insulin-insulin receptor complex to increase the rate of its endocytosis and targeting to the degradation pathways. This review summarizes how this process is regulated and how it is associated with insulin-degrading enzyme in the liver. It also discusses the physiological implications of impaired hepatic insulin clearance: Whereas reduced insulin clearance cooperates with increased insulin secretion to compensate for insulin resistance, it can also cause hepatic insulin resistance. Because chronic hyperinsulinemia stimulates hepatic de novo lipogenesis, impaired insulin clearance also causes hepatic steatosis. Thus impaired insulin clearance can underlie the link between hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Delineating these regulatory pathways should lead to building more effective therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio.,Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Burgos , Burgos , Spain
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13
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The emerging role of sorting nexins in cardiovascular diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:723-737. [PMID: 30877150 PMCID: PMC6418407 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The sorting nexin (SNX) family consists of a diverse group of cytoplasmic- and membrane-associated phosphoinositide-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in the regulation of protein trafficking. This includes the entire endocytic pathway, such as endocytosis, endosomal sorting, and endosomal signaling. Dysfunctions of SNX pathway are involved in several forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, SNX gene variants are associated with CVDs. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on SNX-mediated regulatory mechanisms and their roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of CVDs.
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14
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Li F, Yang J, Villar VAM, Asico LD, Ma X, Armando I, Sanada H, Yoneda M, Felder RA, Jose PA, Wang X. Loss of renal SNX5 results in impaired IDE activity and insulin resistance in mice. Diabetologia 2018; 61:727-737. [PMID: 29080975 PMCID: PMC6342204 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesised that renal sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) regulates the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and, thus, circulating insulin levels. We therefore studied the dynamic interaction between SNX5 and IDE in human renal proximal tubule cells (hRPTCs), as well as in rat and mouse kidneys. METHODS The regulation of IDE by SNX5 expressed in the kidney was studied in vitro and in vivo. Snx5 or mock siRNA was added to immortalised hRPTCs (passage <20) in culture or selectively infused, via osmotic mini-pump, into the remnant kidney of uninephrectomised mice and rats. RESULTS SNX5 co-localised with IDE at the plasma membrane and perinuclear area of hRPTCs and in the brush border membrane of proximal tubules of human, rat, and mouse kidneys. Insulin increased the co-localisation and co-immunoprecipitation of SNX5 and IDE in hRPTCs. Silencing SNX5 in hRPTCs decreased IDE expression and activity. Renal-selective silencing of Snx5 (SNX5 protein: 100 ± 25 vs 29 ± 10, p < 0.05 [% of control]) in C57Bl/6J mice decreased IDE protein (100 ± 13 vs 57 ± 6, p < 0.05 [% of control]) and urinary insulin excretion, impaired the responses to insulin and glucose, and increased blood insulin and glucose levels. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) had increased blood insulin and glucose levels and decreased renal SNX5 (100 ± 27 vs 29 ± 6, p < 0.05 [% of control]) and IDE (100 ± 5 vs 75 ± 4, p < 0.05 [% of control]) proteins, compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Kidney Snx5-depleted WKY rats also had increased blood insulin and glucose levels. The expression of SNX5 and IDE was decreased in RPTCs from SHRs and hypertensive humans compared with cells from normotensive volunteers, indicating a common cause for hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Renal SNX5 positively regulates IDE expression and function. This study is the first to demonstrate the novel and crucial role of renal SNX5 in insulin and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Laureano D Asico
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Ines Armando
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Hironobu Sanada
- Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- Division of Health Science Research, Fukushima Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Robin A Felder
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 740-C, 2300 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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