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Franchina M, Cavalcoli F, Falco O, La Milia M, Elvevi A, Massironi S. Biochemical Markers for Neuroendocrine Tumors: Traditional Circulating Markers and Recent Development-A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1289. [PMID: 38928704 PMCID: PMC11203125 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms presenting unique challenges in diagnosis and management. Traditional markers such as chromogranin A (CgA), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) have limitations in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Specific circulating markers such as serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and various gastrointestinal hormones such as gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have a role in identifying functional NENs. Recent advances in molecular and biochemical markers, also accounting for novel genomic and proteomic markers, have significantly improved the landscape for the diagnosis and monitoring of NENs. This review discusses these developments, focusing on both traditional markers such as CgA and NSE, as well as specific hormones like gastrin, insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, and VIP. Additionally, it covers emerging genomic and proteomic markers that are shaping current research. The clinical applicability of these markers is highlighted, and their role in improving diagnostic accuracy, predicting surgical outcomes, and monitoring response to treatment is demonstrated. The review also highlights the need for further research, including validation of these markers in larger studies, development of standardized assays, and integration with imaging techniques. The evolving field of biochemical markers holds promise for improving patient outcomes in the treatment of NENs, although challenges in standardization and validation remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Franchina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Federica Cavalcoli
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Falco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta La Milia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Elvevi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Massironi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Deng H, Ye T, Deng Y, Cui Y, Guo H, Deng J. miRNA Expression Analysis of IPEC-J2 Cells Damaged by Soybean 7S Globulin Reveals ssc-miR-221-5p as the Factor Alleviating Cell Damage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11694-11705. [PMID: 38723176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The most significant and sensitive antigen protein that causes diarrhea in weaned pigs is soybean 7S globulin. Therefore, identifying the primary target for minimizing intestinal damage brought on by soybean 7S globulin is crucial. MicroRNA (miRNA) is closely related to intestinal epithelium's homeostasis and integrity. However, the change of miRNAs' expression and the function of miRNAs in Soybean 7S globulin injured-IPEC-J2 cells are still unclear. In this study, the miRNAs' expression profile in soybean 7S globulin-treated IPEC-J2 cells was investigated. Fifteen miRNAs were expressed differently. The differentially expressed miRNA target genes are mainly concentrated in signal release, cell connectivity, transcriptional inhibition, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. Notably, we noticed that the most significantly decreased miRNA was ssc-miR-221-5p after soybean 7S globulin treatment. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study on the mechanisms of ssc-miR-221-5p in soybean 7S globulin-injured IPEC-J2 cells. Our research indicated that ssc-miR-221-5p may inhibit ROS production to alleviate soybean 7S globulin-induced apoptosis and inflammation in IPEC-J2 cells, thus protecting the cellular mechanical barrier, increasing cell proliferation, and improving cell viability. This study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of diarrhea of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youtian Deng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Yujing Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
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3
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Hung YH, Capeling M, Villanueva JW, Kanke M, Shanahan MT, Huang S, Cubitt R, Rinaldi VD, Schimenti JC, Spence JR, Sethupathy P. Integrative genome-scale analyses reveal post-transcriptional signatures of early human small intestinal development in a directed differentiation organoid model. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:641. [PMID: 37884859 PMCID: PMC10601309 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional gene regulators controlling cellular lineage specification and differentiation during embryonic development, including the gastrointestinal system. However, miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms involved in early embryonic development of human small intestine (SI) remains underexplored. To explore candidate roles for miRNAs in prenatal SI lineage specification in humans, we used a multi-omic analysis strategy in a directed differentiation model that programs human pluripotent stem cells toward the SI lineage. RESULTS We leveraged small RNA-seq to define the changing miRNA landscape, and integrated chromatin run-on sequencing (ChRO-seq) and RNA-seq to define genes subject to significant post-transcriptional regulation across the different stages of differentiation. Small RNA-seq profiling revealed temporal dynamics of miRNA signatures across different developmental events of the model, including definitive endoderm formation, SI lineage specification and SI regional patterning. Our multi-omic, integrative analyses showed further that the elevation of miR-182 and reduction of miR-375 are key events during SI lineage specification. We demonstrated that loss of miR-182 leads to an increase in the foregut master marker SOX2. We also used single-cell analyses in murine adult intestinal crypts to support a life-long role for miR-375 in the regulation of Zfp36l2. Finally, we uncovered opposing roles of SMAD4 and WNT signaling in regulating miR-375 expression during SI lineage specification. Beyond the mechanisms highlighted in this study, we also present a web-based application for exploration of post-transcriptional regulation and miRNA-mediated control in the context of early human SI development. CONCLUSION The present study uncovers a novel facet of miRNAs in regulating prenatal SI development. We leveraged multi-omic, systems biology approaches to discover candidate miRNA regulators associated with early SI developmental events in a human organoid model. In this study, we highlighted miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation relevant to the event of SI lineage specification. The candidate miRNA regulators that we identified for the other stages of SI development also warrant detailed characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Meghan Capeling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan W Villanueva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael T Shanahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca Cubitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Vera D Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Tavares GA, Torres A, Le Drean G, Queignec M, Castellano B, Tesson L, Remy S, Anegon I, Pitard B, Kaeffer B. Oral Delivery of miR-320-3p with Lipidic Aminoglycoside Derivatives at Mid-Lactation Alters miR-320-3p Endogenous Levels in the Gut and Brain of Adult Rats According to Early or Regular Weaning. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010191. [PMID: 36613633 PMCID: PMC9820440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate if the artificial delivery of microRNAs naturally present in the breastmilk can impact the gut and brain of young rats according to weaning. Animals from a new transgenic rat line expressing the green-fluorescent protein in the endocrine lineage (cholecystokinin expressing cells) received a single oral bolus of miR-320-3p or miR-375-3p embedded in DiOleyl-Succinyl-Paromomycin (DOSP) on D-12. The pups were weaned early (D-15), or regularly (D-30). The expression of relevant miRNA, mRNAs, chromatin complexes, and duodenal cell density were assessed at 8 h post-inoculation and on D-45. The miR-320-3p/DOSP induced immediate effects on H3K4me3 chromatin complexes with polr3d promoter (p < 0.05). On regular weaning, on D-45, miR-320-3p and 375-3p were found to be downregulated in the stomach and upregulated in the hypothalamus (p < 0.001), whereas miR-320-3p was upregulated in the duodenum. After early weaning, miR-320-3p and miR-375-3p were downregulated in the stomach and the duodenum, but upregulated in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. Combination of miR-320-3p/DOSP with early weaning enhanced miR-320-3p and chromogranin A expression in the duodenum. In the female brain stem, miR-320-3p, miR-504, and miR-16-5p levels were all upregulated. Investigating the oral miRNA-320-3p loads in the duodenal cell lineage paved the way for designing new therapeutics to avoid unexpected long-term impacts on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Araujo Tavares
- Nantes Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Behavior, Graduate Program of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 56070-901, Brazil
| | - Amada Torres
- Nantes Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Gwenola Le Drean
- Nantes Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Maïwenn Queignec
- Nantes Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurent Tesson
- Platform Rat Transgenesis ImmunoPhenomic, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, SFR François Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- Platform Rat Transgenesis ImmunoPhenomic, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, SFR François Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Platform Rat Transgenesis ImmunoPhenomic, INSERM UMR 1064-CRTI, SFR François Bonamy, CNRS UMS3556, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Pitard
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT UMR1302/EMR6001, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Kaeffer
- Nantes Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence:
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Komarnicki P, Musiałkiewicz J, Stańska A, Maciejewski A, Gut P, Mastorakos G, Ruchała M. Circulating Neuroendocrine Tumor Biomarkers: Past, Present and Future. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195542. [PMID: 36233409 PMCID: PMC9570647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from the diffuse endocrine system. Depending on primary location and hormonal status, they range in terms of clinical presentation, prognosis and treatment. Functional tumors often develop symptoms indicating an excess of hormones produced by the neoplasm (exempli gratia insulinoma, glucagonoma and VIPoma) and can be diagnosed using monoanalytes. For non-functional tumors (inactive or producing insignificant amounts of hormones), universal biomarkers have not been established. The matter remains an important unmet need in the field of neuroendocrine tumors. Substances researched over the years, such as chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase, lack the desired sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, the potential use of Circulating Tumor Cells or multianalytes such as a circulating microRNA and NETest have been widely discussed. They offer superior diagnostic parameters in comparison to traditional biomarkers and depict disease status in a more comprehensive way. Despite a lot of promise, no international standards have yet been developed regarding their routine use and clinical application. In this literature review, we describe the analytes used over the years and cover novel biomarkers that could find a use in the future. We discuss their pros and cons while showcasing recent advances in the field of neuroendocrine tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Komarnicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-511-912-072
| | - Jan Musiałkiewicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Stańska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Maciejewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Gut
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
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6
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Lou X, Wang D, Gu Z, Li T, Ren L. Mechanism of microRNA regulating the progress of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10994-11006. [PMID: 34775883 PMCID: PMC8809940 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2004979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play important roles in atherosclerogenesis and are important novel pharmaceutic targets in atherosclerosis management. The whole spectrum of miRNAs dysregulation is still under intense investigation. This study intends to identify more novel dysregulated microRNAs in atherosclerotic mice. Half of eight-week-old male ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat-diet for 12 weeks as a model mice, and the remaining half of ApoE-/- mice were fed with a normal-diet as a control. A serum lipid profile was performed with ELISA kits, and atherosclerotic lesions were assessed. Aortic tissues were dissected for gene expression profiling using a Multispecies miRNA 4.0 Array, and significant differentially expressed miRNAs were identified with fold change ≥ 2 and p < 0.05. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to validate microarray gene expression data on selected genes. Predicted target genes were extracted and subjected to bioinformatic analysis for molecular function and pathway enrichment analysis. Model mice showed a 15.32% atherosclerotic lesion compared to 1.52% in the control group. A total of 25 significant differentially expressed microRNAs were identified, with most of them (24/25) downregulated. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed the GeneChip data. Bioinformatic analysis of predicted target genes identified high involvement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Microarray profiling of miRNAs in high-fat-fed Model mice identified 25 differentially expressed miRNAs, including some novel miRNAs, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is highly enriched in the predicted target genes. The novel identified dysregulated miRNAs suggest a broader spectrum of miRNA dysregulation in the progression of atherosclerosis and provide more research and therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lou
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehui Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengteng Li
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liqun Ren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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7
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MiRNA Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Frequent Localizations. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7030038. [PMID: 34202122 PMCID: PMC8293323 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are infrequent malignant tumors of a neuroendocrine nature that arise in various organs. They occur most frequently in the lungs, intestines, stomach and pancreas. Molecular diagnostics and prognosis of NEN development are highly relevant. The role of clinical biomarkers can be played by microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is devoted to the analysis of data on miRNA expression in NENs. For the first time, a search for specificity or a community of their functional characteristics in different types of NEN was carried out. Their properties as biomarkers were also analyzed. To date, more than 100 miRNAs have been characterized as differentially expressed and significant for the development of NEN tumors. Only about 10% of the studied miRNAs are expressed in several types of NEN; differential expression of the remaining 90% was found only in tumors of specific localizations. A significant number of miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers. However, only a few miRNAs have values that characterized their quality as markers. The analysis demonstrates the predominant specific expression of miRNA in each studied type of NEN. This indicates that miRNA’s functional features are predominantly influenced by the tissue in which they are formed.
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8
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Zhang C, Zhu Z, Gao J, Yang L, Dang E, Fang H, Shao S, Zhang S, Xiao C, Yuan X, Li W, Abe R, Qiao H, Wang G, Fu M. Plasma exosomal miR-375-3p regulates mitochondria-dependent keratinocyte apoptosis by targeting XIAP in severe drug-induced skin reactions. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/574/eaaw6142. [PMID: 33328332 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe drug-induced cutaneous reactions characterized by keratinocyte apoptosis. Exosomes are nanometer-sized membranous vesicles in body fluids. They contain functional proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs, which induce immune dysfunction and influence disease progression. However, their roles and mechanisms in SJS/TEN remain unknown. Our results demonstrate that exosomes isolated from the plasma of patients with SJS/TEN were 30 to 200 nm in diameter and expressed CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101 exosome marker proteins. miR-375-3p was markedly up-regulated in 35 patients with SJS/TEN and correlated with clinical severity. Plasma exosomes were internalized by human primary keratinocytes and promoted keratinocyte apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, miR-375-3p overexpression promoted intrinsic (mitochondria-dependent) apoptosis of human primary keratinocytes via down-regulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), a key apoptosis regulator in primary human keratinocytes. In sum, our study indicates that the circulating exosomal miR-375-3p enters keratinocytes, down-regulates XIAP, and induces keratinocyte apoptosis in patients with SJS/TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - ZhenLai Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - JiXin Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - LuTing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - ErLe Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - ShaoLong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - ChunYing Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - HongJiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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9
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Qi Z, Wu D, Li M, Yan Z, Yang X, Ji N, Wang Y, Zhang J. The pluripotent role of exosomes in mediating non-coding RNA in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2020; 254:117761. [PMID: 32413403 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the increase of an aging population and the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, heart failure (HF) patients are on the rise every year. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of HF in patients among cardiovascular diseases. In clinic, patients with MI are often assessed by biochemical indicators, electrocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide levels, myocardial enzymology, echocardiography and other means to predict the occurrence of HF and ventricular remodeling (VR). But there is still a lack of more accurate evaluation. VR is the basic mechanism of HF. In recent years, the molecular mechanism of VR has been studied mainly from the aspects of myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, myocardial energy disorder, apoptosis, autophagy and pyroptosis. Exosomes are considered as the main mediators of intercellular information transmission. In addition, exosomes can promote the migration and transformation of intercellular RNAs, which are highly conserved non-coding RNAs. They can mediate the process of cell proliferation and differentiation of the target cell membrane. Exosomes have protective effects on VR after MI by inhibiting fibrosis, promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis. We reviewed the specific protective mechanisms of exosomes for VR after MI. In addition, we discussed the formation of targeted exosomes and the role of non-coding RNAs in VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Qi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Meng Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Nan Ji
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yueyao Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China.
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10
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Nanayakkara J, Tyryshkin K, Yang X, Wong JJM, Vanderbeck K, Ginter PS, Scognamiglio T, Chen YT, Panarelli N, Cheung NK, Dijk F, Ben-Dov IZ, Kim MK, Singh S, Morozov P, Max KEA, Tuschl T, Renwick N. Characterizing and classifying neuroendocrine neoplasms through microRNA sequencing and data mining. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa009. [PMID: 32743554 PMCID: PMC7380486 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are clinically diverse and incompletely characterized cancers that are challenging to classify. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that can be used to classify cancers. Recently, a morphology-based classification framework for evaluating NENs from different anatomical sites was proposed by experts, with the requirement of improved molecular data integration. Here, we compiled 378 miRNA expression profiles to examine NEN classification through comprehensive miRNA profiling and data mining. Following data preprocessing, our final study cohort included 221 NEN and 114 non-NEN samples, representing 15 NEN pathological types and 5 site-matched non-NEN control groups. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of miRNA expression profiles clearly separated NENs from non-NENs. Comparative analyses showed that miR-375 and miR-7 expression is substantially higher in NEN cases than non-NEN controls. Correlation analyses showed that NENs from diverse anatomical sites have convergent miRNA expression programs, likely reflecting morphological and functional similarities. Using machine learning approaches, we identified 17 miRNAs to discriminate 15 NEN pathological types and subsequently constructed a multilayer classifier, correctly identifying 217 (98%) of 221 samples and overturning one histological diagnosis. Through our research, we have identified common and type-specific miRNA tissue markers and constructed an accurate miRNA-based classifier, advancing our understanding of NEN diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Nanayakkara
- Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, 88 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kathrin Tyryshkin
- Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, 88 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, 88 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Justin J M Wong
- Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, 88 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Vanderbeck
- Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, 88 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Paula S Ginter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Theresa Scognamiglio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yao-Tseng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nicole Panarelli
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nai-Kong Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iddo Z Ben-Dov
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Michelle Kang Kim
- Center for Carcinoid and Neuroendocrine Tumors of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simron Singh
- Odette Cancer Center, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Pavel Morozov
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Klaas E A Max
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neil Renwick
- Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, 88 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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11
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ncRNAs in Type-2 Immunity. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6010010. [PMID: 32155783 PMCID: PMC7151598 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological diseases, including asthma, autoimmunity and immunodeficiencies, affect a growing percentage of the population with significant unmet medical needs. As we slowly untangle and better appreciate these complex genetic and environment-influenced diseases, new therapeutically targetable pathways are emerging. Non-coding RNA species, which regulate epigenetic, transcriptional and translational responses are critical regulators of immune cell development, differentiation and effector function, and may represent one such new class of therapeutic targets. In this review we focus on type-2 immune responses, orchestrated by TH2 cell-derived cytokines, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which stimulate a variety of immune and tissue responses- commonly referred to as type-2 immunity. Evolved to protect us from parasitic helminths, type-2 immune responses are observed in individuals with allergic diseases, including Asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergy. A growing number of studies have identified the involvement of various RNA species, including microRNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding (lncRNA), in type-2 immune responses and in both clinical and pre-clinical disease settings. We highlight these recent findings, identify gaps in our understanding and provide a perspective on how our current understanding can be harnessed for novel treat opportunities to treat type-2 immune-mediated diseases.
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12
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Tsakmaki A, Fonseca Pedro P, Pavlidis P, Hayee B, Bewick GA. ISX-9 manipulates endocrine progenitor fate revealing conserved intestinal lineages in mouse and human organoids. Mol Metab 2020; 34:157-173. [PMID: 32180555 PMCID: PMC7036449 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) survey the gut luminal environment and coordinate hormonal, immune and neuronal responses to it. They exhibit well-characterised physiological roles ranging from the control of local gut function to whole body metabolism, but little is known regarding the regulatory networks controlling their differentiation, especially in the human gut. The small molecule isoxazole-9 (ISX-9) has been shown to stimulate neuronal and pancreatic beta-cell differentiation, both closely related to EEC differentiation. Our aim was to use ISX-9 as a tool to explore EEC differentiation. Methods We investigated the effects of ISX-9 on EEC differentiation in mouse and human intestinal organoids, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), fluorescent-activated cell sorting, immunostaining and single-cell RNA sequencing. Results ISX-9 increased the number of neurogenin3-RFP (Ngn3)-positive endocrine progenitor cells and upregulated NeuroD1 and Pax4, transcription factors that play roles in mouse EEC specification. Single-cell analysis showed induction of Pax4 expression in a developmentally late Ngn3+ population of cells and potentiation of genes associated with progenitors biased toward serotonin-producing enterochromaffin (EC) cells. Further, we observed enrichment of organoids with functional EC cells that was partly dependent on stimulation of calcium signalling in a population of cells residing outside the crypt base. Inducible Pax4 overexpression, in ileal organoids, uncovered its importance as a component of early human endocrine specification and highlighted the potential existence of two major endocrine lineages, the early appearing enterochromaffin lineage and the later developing peptidergic lineage which contains classical gut hormone cell types. Conclusion Our data provide proof-of-concept for the controlled manipulation of specific endocrine lineages with small molecules, whilst also shedding new light on human EEC differentiation and its similarity to the mouse. Given their diverse roles, understanding endocrine lineage plasticity and its control could have multiple therapeutic implications. ISX-9 promotes flux through the Ngn3 lineage and enriches it with enterochromaffin cells. ISX-9 engages an enterochromaffin biased transcriptional programme in endocrine fated cells. Enterochromaffin bias is partly dependent on calcium signalling in progenitor cells. ISX-9 reveals conserved gut endocrine specification between mouse and human. Pax4 overexpression in human ileum organoids mimics the effects of ISX-9 on EC bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tsakmaki
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Fonseca Pedro
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Polychronis Pavlidis
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bu'Hussain Hayee
- Department of Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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13
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Handgraaf S, Dusaulcy R, Visentin F, Philippe J, Gosmain Y. Let-7e-5p Regulates GLP-1 Content and Basal Release From Enteroendocrine L Cells From DIO Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5697307. [PMID: 31905402 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of enteroendocrine L cells in diabetes is critical for better understanding of the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in physiology and diabetes. We studied L-cell transcriptome changes including microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in obesity and diabetes. We evaluated the regulation of miRNAs through microarray analyses on sorted enteroendocrine L cells from control and obese glucose-intolerant (I-HFD) and hyperglycemic (H-HFD) mice after 16 weeks of respectively low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. The identified altered miRNAs were studied in vitro using the mouse GLUTag cell line to investigate their regulation and potential biological functions. We identified that let-7e-5p, miR-126a-3p, and miR-125a-5p were differentially regulated in L cells of obese HFD mice compared with control LFD mice. While downregulation of let-7e-5p expression was observed in both I-HFD and H-HFD mice, levels of miR-126a-3p increased and of miR-125a-5p decreased significantly only in I-HFD mice compared with controls. Using miRNA inhibitors and mimics we observed that modulation of let-7e-5p expression affected specifically GLP-1 cellular content and basal release, whereas Gcg gene expression and acute GLP-1 secretion and cell proliferation were not affected. In addition, palmitate treatment resulted in a decrease of let-7e-5p expression along with an increase in GLP-1 content and release, suggesting that palmitate acts on GLP-1 through let-7e-5p. By contrast, modulation of miR-125a-5p and miR-126a-3p in the same conditions did not affect content or secretion of GLP-1. We conclude that decrease of let-7e-5p expression in response to palmitate may constitute a compensatory mechanism contributing to maintaining constant glycemia in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Handgraaf
- Molecular Diabetes Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, University Hospital/Diabetes Center/University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rodolphe Dusaulcy
- Molecular Diabetes Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, University Hospital/Diabetes Center/University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Visentin
- Molecular Diabetes Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, University Hospital/Diabetes Center/University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Philippe
- Molecular Diabetes Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, University Hospital/Diabetes Center/University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Gosmain
- Molecular Diabetes Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, University Hospital/Diabetes Center/University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Radbakhsh S, Sathyapalan T, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Incretins and microRNAs: Interactions and physiological relevance. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104662. [PMID: 31982487 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are one class of the small regulatory RNAs that can impact the expression of numerous genes including incretin hormones and their G protein-coupled receptors. Incretin peptides, including GLP-1, GLP-2, and GIP, are released from the gastrointestinal tract and have an crucial role in the glucose hemostasis and pancreatic beta-cell function. These hormones and their analogs with a longer half-life, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA), modify the expression of miRNAs. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) is an enzyme that degrades the incretin hormones and is inactivated by DPP-4 inhibitors, which are a class of compounds used in the management of type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibitors may also increase or reduce the expression of miRNAs. In this review, we describe the possible interactions between miRNAs and incretin hormones and the relevance of such interactions to physiological processes and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Radbakhsh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Singh AP, Hung YH, Shanahan MT, Kanke M, Bonfini A, Dame MK, Biraud M, Peck BC, Oyesola OO, Freund JM, Cubitt RL, Curry EG, Gonzalez LM, Bewick GA, Tait-Wojno ED, Kurpios NA, Ding S, Spence JR, Dekaney CM, Buchon N, Sethupathy P. Enteroendocrine Progenitor Cell-Enriched miR-7 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation in an Xiap-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:447-464. [PMID: 31756561 PMCID: PMC7021555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The enteroendocrine cell (EEC) lineage is important for intestinal homeostasis. It was recently shown that EEC progenitors contribute to intestinal epithelial growth and renewal, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs are under-explored along the entire EEC lineage trajectory, and comparatively little is known about their contributions to intestinal homeostasis. METHODS We leverage unbiased sequencing and eight different mouse models and sorting methods to identify microRNAs enriched along the EEC lineage trajectory. We further characterize the functional role of EEC progenitor-enriched miRNA, miR-7, by in vivo dietary study as well as ex vivo enteroid in mice. RESULTS First, we demonstrate that miR-7 is highly enriched across the entire EEC lineage trajectory and is the most enriched miRNA in EEC progenitors relative to Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells. Next, we show in vivo that in EEC progenitors miR-7 is dramatically suppressed under dietary conditions that favor crypt division and suppress EEC abundance. We then demonstrate by functional assays in mouse enteroids that miR-7 exerts robust control of growth, as determined by budding (proxy for crypt division), EdU and PH3 staining, and likely regulates EEC abundance also. Finally, we show by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis that miR-7 regulates Xiap in progenitor/stem cells and we demonstrate in enteroids that the effects of miR-7 on mouse enteroid growth depend in part on Xiap and Egfr signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that EEC progenitor cell-enriched miR-7 is altered by dietary perturbations and that it regulates growth in enteroids via intact Xiap and Egfr signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet P. Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Michael T. Shanahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Alessandro Bonfini
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York
| | - Michael K. Dame
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mandy Biraud
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Bailey C.E. Peck
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Oyebola O. Oyesola
- Baker Institute of Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - John M. Freund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca L. Cubitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ennessa G. Curry
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liara M. Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Gavin A. Bewick
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elia D. Tait-Wojno
- Baker Institute of Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Natasza A. Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher M. Dekaney
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Praveen Sethupathy, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 618 Tower Road T7 006D, Veterinary Research Tower, Ithaca, New York 14850. fax: (607) 253–4447.
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16
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Kumar S, Xie H, Scicluna P, Lee L, Björnhagen V, Höög A, Larsson C, Lui WO. MiR-375 Regulation of LDHB Plays Distinct Roles in Polyomavirus-Positive and -Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E443. [PMID: 30441870 PMCID: PMC6267432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-375 (miR-375) is deregulated in multiple tumor types and regulates important targets involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. This miRNA is highly expressed in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) compared to normal skin and other non-MCC skin cancers, and its expression is high in Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-positive (MCPyV+) and low in MCPyV-negative (MCPyV-) MCC tumors. In this study, we characterized the function and target of miR-375 in MCPyV+ and MCPyV- MCC cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-375 in MCPyV- MCC cells resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration, as well as increased cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, in MCPyV+ MCC cells, inhibition of miR-375 expression reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis. Additionally, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), a known target of miR-375, was inversely correlated with miR-375. Silencing of LDHB reduced cell growth in MCPyV- cell lines, while its silencing in MCPyV+ cell lines rescued the cell growth effect mediated by miR-375 inhibition. Together, our results suggest dual roles of miR-375 and LDHB in MCPyV and non-MCPyV-associated MCCs. We propose that LDHB could be a therapeutic target in MCC and different strategies should be applied in virus- and non-virus-associated MCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satendra Kumar
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Patrick Scicluna
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linkiat Lee
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Viveca Björnhagen
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Weng-Onn Lui
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Arvidsson Y, Rehammar A, Bergström A, Andersson E, Altiparmak G, Swärd C, Wängberg B, Kristiansson E, Nilsson O. miRNA profiling of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors defines novel molecular subtypes and identifies miR-375 as a biomarker of patient survival. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1302-1317. [PMID: 29487354 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to define the miRNA profile of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and to search for novel molecular subgroups and prognostic biomarkers. miRNA profiling was conducted on 42 tumors from 37 patients who underwent surgery for small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of miRNA profiles identified two groups of tumor metastases, denoted cluster M1 and M2. The smaller cluster M1 was associated with shorter overall survival and contained tumors with higher grade (WHO grade G2/3) and multiple chromosomal gains including gain of chromosome 14. Tumors of cluster M1 had elevated expression of miR-1246 and miR-663a, and reduced levels of miR-488-3p. Pathway analysis predicted Wnt signaling to be the most significantly altered signaling pathway between clusters M1 and M2. Analysis of miRNA expression in relation to tumor proliferation rate showed significant alterations including downregulation of miR-137 and miR-204-5p in tumors with Ki67 index above 3%. Similarly, tumor progression was associated with significant alterations in miRNA expression, e.g. higher expression of miR-95 and miR-210, and lower expression of miR-378a-3p in metastases. Pathway analysis predicted Wnt signaling to be altered during tumor progression, which was supported by decreased nuclear translocation of β-catenin in metastases. Survival analysis revealed that downregulation of miR-375 was associated with shorter overall survival. We performed in situ hybridization on biopsies from an independent cohort of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors using tissue microarrays. Expression of miR-375 was found in 578/635 (91%) biopsies and survival analysis confirmed that there was a correlation between downregulation of miR-375 in tumor metastases and shorter patient survival. We conclude that miRNA profiling defines novel molecular subgroups of metastatic small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and identifies miRNAs associated with tumor proliferation rate and progression. miR-375 is highly expressed in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and may be used as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Arvidsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Rehammar
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Bergström
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gülay Altiparmak
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Swärd
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Wängberg
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Hung YH, Sethupathy P. MicroRNAs in the Mammalian Gut Endocrine Lineage. Endocrinology 2018; 159:866-868. [PMID: 29579172 PMCID: PMC5776478 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Numerous reports have elucidated the importance of miRNAs in the regulation of a wide array of biological processes including metabolism and energy homeostasis. miRNAs in the endocrine pancreas have been intensively studied over the last 15 years and linked to pancreatic islet development and function. In comparison, knowledge of miRNAs in gut endocrine cells, or enteroendocrine cells (EECs), is severely lacking. EECs have important roles in systemic energy homeostasis, are highly relevant to type 2 diabetes etiology, and may be critical to the mechanisms that underlie the rapid positive metabolic effects of bariatric surgery. Very recent studies reveal that several miRNAs are highly enriched in mature EECs and/or in intestinal stem cells that are primed to the EEC lineage. Moreover, functional experiments in enteroids/intestinal organoids suggest that some of these miRNAs may be important for the regulation of EEC differentiation and function. Another report has raised the possibility that EECs secrete miRNAs into circulation. These intriguing findings merit further investigation, particularly as it pertains to EEC miRNAs as novel therapeutic targets in type 2 diabetes and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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19
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Worthington JJ, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Enteroendocrine cells-sensory sentinels of the intestinal environment and orchestrators of mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:3-20. [PMID: 28853441 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium must balance efficient absorption of nutrients with partitioning commensals and pathogens from the bodies' largest immune system. If this crucial barrier fails, inappropriate immune responses can result in inflammatory bowel disease or chronic infection. Enteroendocrine cells represent 1% of this epithelium and have classically been studied for their detection of nutrients and release of peptide hormones to mediate digestion. Intriguingly, enteroendocrine cells are the key sensors of microbial metabolites, can release cytokines in response to pathogen associated molecules and peptide hormone receptors are expressed on numerous intestinal immune cells; thus enteroendocrine cells are uniquely equipped to be crucial and novel orchestrators of intestinal inflammation. In this review, we introduce enteroendocrine chemosensory roles, summarize studies correlating enteroendocrine perturbations with intestinal inflammation and describe the mechanistic interactions by which enteroendocrine and mucosal immune cells interact during disease; highlighting this immunoendocrine axis as a key aspect of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Worthington
- Lancaster University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
| | - F Reimann
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - F M Gribble
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers for Pediatric Astrocytomas. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:323-332. [PMID: 29157673 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Since MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent regulators of gene expression, their expression and function alterations are associated with different types of cancer, including pediatric astrocytoma. Since the secretion of miRNAs by tumors into corporal fluids has made it possible to identify biomarkers in cancer, their deter mination in pediatric astrocytoma is vital. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms controlled by miRNAs in these neoplasms, we tested the expression of miRNAs 130a, 145, 335, 1303, and let-7g-3p by qPCR in tumors and blood serum from pediatric patients with astrocytoma. The data was analyzed with the DIANA-miRPath v3.0 platform. RESULTS The data represented expression changes of all mirRNAs tested in both tumors and blood serum, which strongly suggest their use as circulating biomarkers for astrocytic tumors. The bioinformatic analysis -with DIANA-miRPath v3.0- showed the involvement of these miRNAs in extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and proteoglycans in cancer, which control many hallmarks of cancer. In fact, the expression of the proteoglycan syndecan 4 (SDC4) and that of its biosynthetic enzymes, Exostosin Glycosyltransferase 1 (EXT1) and Xylosyltransferase 1 (XYLT1), were altered in pediatric astrocytoma. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the role of microRNAs in the biology of pediatric astrocytoma and demonstrated for the first time the potential use of some circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for this type of tumors, particularly miRs 130a, 145, and 335.
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21
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Yan X, Wang Z, Westberg-Rasmussen S, Tarbier M, Rathjen T, Tattikota SG, Peck BCE, Kanke M, Oxvig C, Frystyk J, Starup-Linde J, Sethupathy P, Friedländer MR, Gregersen S, Poy MN. Differential Impact of Glucose Administered Intravenously and Orally on Circulating miR-375 Levels in Human Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3749-3755. [PMID: 28973164 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, numerous nucleic acid species have been detected in the systemic circulation including microRNAs (miRNAs); however, their functional role in this compartment remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether systemic levels of miRNAs abundant in blood, including the neuroendocrine tissue-enriched miR-375, are altered in response to a glucose challenge. DESIGN Twelve healthy males were recruited for an acute crossover study that consisted of two tests each following an 8-hour fasting period. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and blood samples were collected over a 3-hour period. Following a period of at least 1 week, the same participants were administered an isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion (IIGI) with the same blood-collection protocol. RESULTS The glucose response curve following the IIGI mimicked that obtained after the OGTT, but as expected, systemic insulin levels were lower during the IIGI compared with the OGTT (P < 0.05). miR-375 levels in circulation were increased only in response to an OGTT and not during an IIGI. In addition, the response to the OGTT also coincided with the transient increase of circulating glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. CONCLUSIONS The present findings show levels of miR-375 increase following administration of an OGTT and, in light of its enrichment in cells of the gut, suggest that the gastrointestinal tract may play an important role in the abundance and function of this miRNA in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhen Wang
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sidse Westberg-Rasmussen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcel Tarbier
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 17121 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Rathjen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bailey C E Peck
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Starup-Linde
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Marc R Friedländer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 17121 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthew N Poy
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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22
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3D intestinal organoids in metabolic research: virtual reality in a dish. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:51-58. [PMID: 28968540 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The advent of near physiological organoid technology has produced a step change in our understanding of stem cells and has provided the research community with a powerful new cell based tool to model human physiology and disease. We review the pros and cons of intestinal organoid culture systems. The molecular and genetic tools to manipulate them and how they are being used to answer fundamental questions in metabolic research, including the function of enteroendocrine cells in health and disease.
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23
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Entwistle LJ, Wilson MS. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of immune responses to intestinal helminth infections. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 27977850 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal helminth infections are highly prevalent in the developing world, often resulting in chronic infection and inflicting high host morbidity. With the emergence of drug-resistant parasites, a limited number of chemotherapeutic drugs available and stalling vaccine efforts, an increased understanding of antihelminth immunity is essential to provide new avenues to therapeutic intervention. MicroRNAs are a class of small, nonprotein coding RNAs which negatively regulate mRNA translation, thus providing finite control over gene expression in a plethora of biological settings. The miRNA-mediated coordinated control of gene expression has been shown to be essential in infection and immunity, in promoting and fine-tuning the appropriate immune response. This review gathers together and discusses observations of miRNA-mediated effects on the immune system and the subsequent impact on our understanding of antihelminth immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Entwistle
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - M S Wilson
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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24
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Peck BCE, Mah AT, Pitman WA, Ding S, Lund PK, Sethupathy P. Functional Transcriptomics in Diverse Intestinal Epithelial Cell Types Reveals Robust MicroRNA Sensitivity in Intestinal Stem Cells to Microbial Status. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2586-2600. [PMID: 28053090 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in regulating the development of the host immune system, metabolic rate, and at times, disease pathogenesis. The factors and mechanisms that mediate interactions between microbiota and the intestinal epithelium are not fully understood. We provide novel evidence that microbiota may control intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) proliferation in part through microRNAs (miRNAs). We demonstrate that miRNA profiles differ dramatically across functionally distinct cell types of the mouse jejunal intestinal epithelium and that miRNAs respond to microbiota in a highly cell type-specific manner. Importantly, we also show that miRNAs in IESCs are more prominently regulated by microbiota compared with miRNAs in any other intestinal epithelial cell subtype. We identify miR-375 as one miRNA that is significantly suppressed by the presence of microbiota in IESCs. Using a novel method to knockdown gene and miRNA expression ex vivo enteroids, we demonstrate that we can knock down gene expression in Lgr5+ IESCs. Furthermore, when we knock down miR-375 in IESCs, we observe significantly increased proliferative capacity. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbiota regulate miRNA expression in IESCs and other intestinal epithelial cell subtypes will elucidate a critical molecular network that controls intestinal homeostasis and, given the heightened interest in miRNA-based therapies, may offer novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases associated with altered IESC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey C E Peck
- From the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, .,Department of Genetics
| | | | | | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - P Kay Lund
- From the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology.,Department of Nutrition, and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- From the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, .,Department of Genetics
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Kaviani M, Azarpira N, Karimi MH, Al-Abdullah I. The role of microRNAs in islet β-cell development. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1248-1255. [PMID: 27743454 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies suggest novel treatments to overcome the complication of the current therapeutic approaches in diabetes mellitus type 1. Replacement of the destroyed pancreatic islet β-cells by appropriate alternative cells needs an efficient approach to differentiate the cells into viable and functional insulin producing cells. Small non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNA), have critical roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Therefore, they can direct the cells toward β-cell like cells and control islet β-cell development. Previous reports showed the manipulation of the miRNA expression on islet β-cell differentiation and regeneration. Likewise, the regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transi-tion by the miR-30 family and the miR-200 family may be a useful approach to conduct islet β-cell development. Investigation of stem cells differentiation showed that the dynamic expression patterns of miR-375 and miR-7 are similar to developing human fetal pancreas while dynamic expression of miR-146a and miR-34a occurred during the differentiation. Moreover, miR-342 and its both targets, FOXA2 and MAFB, are found in β-cell differentiation and maturation. Because miRNAs can target specific transcription factors during islet β-cell development and differentiation, they could be offerred as alternative regenerative treatment for diabetes mellitus. Considering that the application of these non-coding RNAs remains limited in the literature, in this review article, we present an overview of the roles of miRNAs in the islet β-cell development, focusing on the application of different miRNAs in the experimental protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kaviani
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ismail Al-Abdullah
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Amouyal C, Andreelli F. Increasing GLP-1 Circulating Levels by Bariatric Surgery or by GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Therapy: Why Are the Clinical Consequences so Different? J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:5908656. [PMID: 27382574 PMCID: PMC4921140 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5908656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The "incretin effect" is used to describe the observation that more insulin is secreted after the oral administration of glucose compared to that after the intravenous administration of the same amount of glucose. During the absorption of meals, the gut is thought to regulate insulin secretion by secreting a specific factor that targets pancreatic beta cells. Additional research confirmed this hypothesis with the discovery of two hormones called incretins: gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). During meals, specific cells in the gut (L and K enteroendocrine cells) secrete incretins, causing an increase in the blood concentrations of, respectively, GLP-1 and GIP. Bariatric surgery is now proposed during the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes in obese or overweight populations. It has been hypothesized that restoration of endogenous GLP-1 secretion after the surgery may contribute to the postsurgical resolution of diabetes. In 2005, the commercialization of GLP-1 receptor agonists gave the possibility to test this hypothesis. A few years later, it is now accepted that GLP-1 receptor agonists and bariatric surgery differently improve type 2 diabetes. These differences between endogenous and exogenous GLP-1 on glucose homeostasis emphasized the dual properties of GLP-1 as a peptide hormone and as a neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Amouyal
- Cardiometabolism and Nutrition Institute (ICAN), Heart and Metabolism Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (APHP), 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS U1166 (Eq 6) Nutriomics, UPMC, Pierre et Marie Curie Faculty Paris 6, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio Andreelli
- Cardiometabolism and Nutrition Institute (ICAN), Heart and Metabolism Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (APHP), 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS U1166 (Eq 6) Nutriomics, UPMC, Pierre et Marie Curie Faculty Paris 6, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
- *Fabrizio Andreelli:
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