1
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Langer HT, Rohm M, Goncalves MD, Sylow L. AMPK as a mediator of tissue preservation: time for a shift in dogma? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y. [PMID: 38760482 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Ground-breaking discoveries have established 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central sensor of metabolic stress in cells and tissues. AMPK is activated through cellular starvation, exercise and drugs by either directly or indirectly affecting the intracellular AMP (or ADP) to ATP ratio. In turn, AMPK regulates multiple processes of cell metabolism, such as the maintenance of cellular ATP levels, via the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, glycolysis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation, and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, AMPK inhibits anabolic processes, such as lipogenesis and protein synthesis. These findings support the notion that AMPK is a crucial regulator of cell catabolism. However, studies have revealed that AMPK's role in cell homeostasis might not be as unidirectional as originally thought. This Review explores emerging evidence for AMPK as a promoter of cell survival and an enhancer of anabolic capacity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during catabolic crises. We discuss AMPK-activating interventions for tissue preservation during tissue wasting in cancer-associated cachexia and explore the clinical potential of AMPK activation in wasting conditions. Overall, we provide arguments that call for a shift in the current dogma of AMPK as a mere regulator of cell catabolism, concluding that AMPK has an unexpected role in tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tim Langer
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus DaSilva Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Alexander MS, Velinov M. DOCK3-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Clinical Features and Molecular Basis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1940. [PMID: 37895289 PMCID: PMC10606569 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein product of DOCK3 is highly expressed in neurons and has a role in cell adhesion and neuronal outgrowth through its interaction with the actin cytoskeleton and key cell signaling molecules. The DOCK3 protein is essential for normal cell growth and migration. Biallelic variants in DOCK3 associated with complete or partial loss of function of the gene were recently reported in six patients with intellectual disability and muscle hypotonia. Only one of the reported patients had congenital malformations outside of the CNS. Further studies are necessary to better determine the prevalence of DOCK3-associated neurodevelopmental disorders and the frequency of non-CNS clinical manifestations in these patients. Since deficiency of the DOCK3 protein product is now an established pathway of this neurodevelopmental condition, supplementing the deficient gene product using a gene therapy approach may be an efficient treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Civitan International Research Center (CIRC), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Milen Velinov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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3
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Wang H, Zheng A, Arias EB, Kwak SE, Pan X, Duan D, Cartee GD. AS160 expression, but not AS160 Serine-588, Threonine-642, and Serine-704 phosphorylation, is essential for elevated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle from female rats after acute exercise. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23021. [PMID: 37289137 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300282rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One exercise session can increase subsequent insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) by skeletal muscle in both sexes. We recently found that muscle expression and phosphorylation of key sites of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160; also called TBC1D4) are essential for the full-exercise effect on postexercise-ISGU (PEX-ISGU) in male rats. In striking contrast, AS160's role in increased PEX-ISGU has not been rigorously tested in females. Our rationale was to address this major knowledge gap. Wild-type (WT) and AS160-knockout (KO) rats were either sedentary or acutely exercised. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were engineered to express either WT-AS160 or AS160 mutated on key serine and threonine residues (Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704) to alanine to prevent their phosphorylation. AAV vectors were delivered to the muscle of AS160-KO rats to determine if WT-AS160 or phosphorylation-inactivated AS160 would influence PEX-ISGU. AS160-KO rats have lower skeletal muscle abundance of the GLUT4 glucose transporter protein. This GLUT4 deficit was rescued using AAV delivery of GLUT4 to determine if eliminating muscle GLUT4 deficiency would normalize PEX-ISGU. The novel results were as follows: (1) AS160 expression was required for greater PEX-ISGU; (2) rescuing muscle AS160 expression in AS160-KO rats restored elevated PEX-ISGU; (3) AS160's essential role for the postexercise increase in ISGU was not attributable to reduced muscle GLUT4 content; and (4) AS160 phosphorylation on Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704 was not essential for greater PEX-ISGU. In conclusion, these novel findings revealed that three phosphosites widely proposed to influence PEX-ISGU are not required for this important outcome in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Seong Eun Kwak
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiufang Pan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Xirouchaki CE, Jia Y, McGrath MJ, Greatorex S, Tran M, Merry TL, Hong D, Eramo MJ, Broome SC, Woodhead JST, D’souza RF, Gallagher J, Salimova E, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Sadoshima J, Watt MJ, Mitchell CA, Tiganis T. Skeletal muscle NOX4 is required for adaptive responses that prevent insulin resistance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl4988. [PMID: 34910515 PMCID: PMC8673768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during exercise are considered integral for the health-promoting effects of exercise. However, the precise mechanisms by which exercise and ROS promote metabolic health remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that skeletal muscle NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), which is induced after exercise, facilitates ROS-mediated adaptive responses that promote muscle function, maintain redox balance, and prevent the development of insulin resistance. Conversely, reductions in skeletal muscle NOX4 in aging and obesity contribute to the development of insulin resistance. NOX4 deletion in skeletal muscle compromised exercise capacity and antioxidant defense and promoted oxidative stress and insulin resistance in aging and obesity. The abrogated adaptive mechanisms, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance could be corrected by deleting the H2O2-detoxifying enzyme GPX-1 or by treating mice with an agonist of NFE2L2, the master regulator of antioxidant defense. These findings causally link NOX4-derived ROS in skeletal muscle with adaptive responses that promote muscle function and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysovalantou E. Xirouchaki
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yaoyao Jia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Meagan J. McGrath
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Spencer Greatorex
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Melanie Tran
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Troy L. Merry
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and
Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dawn Hong
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Eramo
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sophie C. Broome
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and
Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan S. T. Woodhead
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and
Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Randall F. D’souza
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and
Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Gallagher
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ekaterina Salimova
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University,
Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B. Schittenhelm
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine,
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
07103, USA
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton,
Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christina A. Mitchell
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash Metabolic Phenotyping Facility, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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5
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Exercise-A Panacea of Metabolic Dysregulation in Cancer: Physiological and Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073469. [PMID: 33801684 PMCID: PMC8037630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a comorbidity of many types of cancers. Disruption of glucose metabolism is of concern, as it is associated with higher cancer recurrence rates and reduced survival. Current evidence suggests many health benefits from exercise during and after cancer treatment, yet only a limited number of studies have addressed the effect of exercise on cancer-associated disruption of metabolism. In this review, we draw on studies in cells, rodents, and humans to describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in cancer and the tissues involved. We discuss how the known effects of acute exercise and exercise training observed in healthy subjects could have a positive outcome on mechanisms in people with cancer, namely: insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cachexia. Finally, we compile the current limited knowledge of how exercise corrects metabolic control in cancer and identify unanswered questions for future research.
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6
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Alghamdi F, Alshuweishi Y, Salt IP. Regulation of nutrient uptake by AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Ferrari F, Bock PM, Motta MT, Helal L. Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Physical Exercise in Insulin Resistance State: Role of Inflammation. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 113:1139-1148. [PMID: 31644699 PMCID: PMC7021273 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity associated with systemic inflammation induces insulin resistance (IR), with consequent chronic hyperglycemia. A series of reactions are involved in this process, including increased release of proinflammatory cytokines, and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) receptors. Among the therapeutic tools available nowadays, physical exercise (PE) has a known hypoglycemic effect explained by complex molecular mechanisms, including an increase in insulin receptor phosphorylation, in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, in the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) pathway, with subsequent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), Rac1, TBC1 domain family member 1 and 4 (TBC1D1 and TBC1D4), in addition to a variety of signaling molecules, such as GTPases, Rab and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. These pathways promote greater translocation of GLUT4 and consequent glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle. Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK), atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and some of its isoforms, such as PKC-iota/lambda also seem to play a fundamental role in the transport of glucose. In this sense, the association between autophagy and exercise has also demonstrated a relevant role in the uptake of muscle glucose. Insulin, in turn, uses a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent mechanism, while exercise signal may be triggered by the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The objective of this review is to describe the main molecular mechanisms of IR and the relationship between PE and glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Ferrari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício - CardioEx (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | - Patrícia Martins Bock
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Exercício (LaFiEx), (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.,Instituto de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (IATS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.,Faculdades Integradas de Taquara, Taquara, RS - Brazil
| | - Marcelo Trotte Motta
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA - Brazil
| | - Lucas Helal
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares - Faculdade de Medicina - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.,Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Exercício (LaFiEx), (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
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8
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Henríquez-Olguín C, Boronat S, Cabello-Verrugio C, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo E, Jensen TE. The Emerging Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 in Skeletal Muscle Redox Signaling and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1371-1410. [PMID: 31588777 PMCID: PMC6859696 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue to whole-body locomotion and metabolic health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as intracellular messengers participating in both physiological and pathological adaptations in skeletal muscle. A complex interplay between ROS-producing enzymes and antioxidant networks exists in different subcellular compartments of mature skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major source of contraction- and insulin-stimulated oxidants production, but they may paradoxically also contribute to muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Recent Advances: Pharmacological and molecular biological tools, including redox-sensitive probes and transgenic mouse models, have generated novel insights into compartmentalized redox signaling and suggested that NOX2 contributes to redox control of skeletal muscle metabolism. Critical Issues: Major outstanding questions in skeletal muscle include where NOX2 activation occurs under different conditions in health and disease, how NOX2 activation is regulated, how superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NOX2 reaches the cytosol, what the signaling mediators are downstream of NOX2, and the role of NOX2 for different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Future Directions: Future research should utilize and expand the current redox-signaling toolbox to clarify the NOX2-dependent mechanisms in skeletal muscle and determine whether the proposed functions of NOX2 in cells and animal models are conserved into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Sylow L, Richter EA. Current advances in our understanding of exercise as medicine in metabolic disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Kleinert M, Parker BL, Jensen TE, Raun SH, Pham P, Han X, James DE, Richter EA, Sylow L. Quantitative proteomic characterization of cellular pathways associated with altered insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle following high-fat diet feeding and exercise training. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10723. [PMID: 30013070 PMCID: PMC6048112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise elicits advantageous metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle, such as improved insulin sensitivity. However, the underpinning molecular mechanisms and the effect of diet on muscle exercise training benefits are unclear. We therefore characterized the skeletal muscle proteome following exercise training (ET) in mice fed chow or high-fat diet (HFD). ET increased exercise performance, lowered body-weight, decreased fat mass and improved muscle insulin action in chow- and HFD-fed mice. At the molecular level, ET regulated 170 muscle proteins in chow-fed mice, but only 29 proteins in HFD-fed mice. HFD per se altered 56 proteins, most of which were regulated in a similar direction by ET. To identify proteins that might have particular health-related bearing on skeletal muscle metabolism, we filtered for differentially regulated proteins in response to ET and HFD. This yielded 15 proteins, including the major urinary protein 1 (MUP1), which was the protein most decreased after HFD, but increased with ET. The ET-induced Mup1 expression was absent in mouse muscle lacking functional AMPK. MUP1 also potentiated insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in cultured muscle cells. Collectively, we provide a resource of ET-regulated proteins in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. The identification of MUP1 as a diet-, ET- and AMPK-regulated skeletal muscle protein that improves insulin sensitivity in muscle cells demonstrates the usefulness of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Phung Pham
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xiuqing Han
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E James
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erik A Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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In situ detection of the activation of Rac1 and RalA small GTPases in mouse adipocytes by immunofluorescent microscopy following in vivo and ex vivo insulin stimulation. Cell Signal 2017; 39:108-117. [PMID: 28821441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rac1 has been implicated in insulin-dependent glucose uptake by mechanisms involving plasma membrane translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 in skeletal muscle. Although the uptake of glucose is also stimulated by insulin in adipose tissue, the role for Rac1 in adipocyte insulin signaling remains controversial. As a step to reveal the role for Rac1 in adipocytes, we aimed to establish immunofluorescent microscopy to detect the intracellular distribution of activated Rac1. The epitope-tagged Rac1-binding domain of a Rac1-specific target was utilized as a probe that specifically recognizes the activated form of Rac1. Rac1 activation in response to ex vivo and in vivo insulin stimulations in primary adipocyte culture and mouse white adipose tissue, respectively, was successfully observed by immunofluorescent microscopy. These Rac1 activations were mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Another small GTPase RalA has also been implicated in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Similarly to Rac1, immunofluorescent microscopy using an activated RalA-specific polypeptide probe allowed us to detect intracellular distribution of insulin-activated RalA in adipocytes. These novel approaches to visualize the activation status of small GTPases in adipocytes will largely contribute to the understanding of signal transduction mechanisms particularly for insulin action.
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12
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Sylow L, Møller LLV, Kleinert M, D'Hulst G, De Groote E, Schjerling P, Steinberg GR, Jensen TE, Richter EA. Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise. Diabetes 2017; 66:1548-1559. [PMID: 28389470 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise bypasses insulin resistance to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and therefore represents an important alternative to stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle. Both Rac1 and AMPK have been shown to partly regulate contraction-stimulated muscle glucose uptake, but whether those two signaling pathways jointly account for the entire signal to glucose transport is unknown. We therefore studied the ability of contraction and exercise to stimulate glucose transport in isolated muscles with AMPK loss of function combined with either pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of Rac1.Muscle-specific knockout (mKO) of Rac1, a kinase-dead α2 AMPK (α2KD), and double knockout (KO) of β1 and β2 AMPK subunits (β1β2 KO) each partially decreased contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Interestingly, when pharmacological Rac1 inhibition was combined with either AMPK β1β2 KO or α2KD, contraction-stimulated glucose transport was almost completely inhibited. Importantly, α2KD+Rac1 mKO double-transgenic mice also displayed severely impaired contraction-stimulated glucose transport, whereas exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo was only partially reduced by Rac1 mKO with no additive effect of α2KD. It is concluded that Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not α2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L V Møller
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sylow L, Kleinert M, Richter EA, Jensen TE. Exercise-stimulated glucose uptake - regulation and implications for glycaemic control. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:133-148. [PMID: 27739515 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle extracts glucose from the blood to maintain demand for carbohydrates as an energy source during exercise. Such uptake involves complex molecular signalling processes that are distinct from those activated by insulin. Exercise-stimulated glucose uptake is preserved in insulin-resistant muscle, emphasizing exercise as a therapeutic cornerstone among patients with metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Exercise increases uptake of glucose by up to 50-fold through the simultaneous stimulation of three key steps: delivery, transport across the muscle membrane and intracellular flux through metabolic processes (glycolysis and glucose oxidation). The available data suggest that no single signal transduction pathway can fully account for the regulation of any of these key steps, owing to redundancy in the signalling pathways that mediate glucose uptake to ensure maintenance of muscle energy supply during physical activity. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate the movement of glucose from the capillary bed into the muscle cell and discuss what is known about their integrated regulation during exercise. Novel developments within the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics indicate that the known regulators of glucose uptake are only the tip of the iceberg. Consequently, many exciting discoveries clearly lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Teich T, Riddell MC. The Enhancement of Muscle Insulin Sensitivity After Exercise: A Rac1-Independent Handoff to Some Other Player? Endocrinology 2016; 157:2999-3001. [PMID: 27477862 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Teich
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science (T.T., M.C.R.), Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3; and LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (M.C.R.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4G 3E8
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science (T.T., M.C.R.), Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3; and LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (M.C.R.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4G 3E8
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