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Gogula S, Prasanna DV, Thumma V, Misra S, Lincoln CA, Reddy PM, Hu A, Subbareddy BV. Efficient Green Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies of Indolemethanes Using a Bioglycerol-Based Carbon Sulfonic Acid Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36401-36411. [PMID: 37810649 PMCID: PMC10552104 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Indolemethane derivatives are significant molecules in the study of N-heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, we designed and developed a highly efficient green synthesis of indolemethane compounds using a recyclable biodegradable glycerol-based carbon solid acid catalyst under solvent-free conditions at room temperature for 5 min with excellent yields. The synthesized compounds were subjected to cytotoxic activity against prostate (DU145), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and melanoma (B16) cell lines. The highest cytotoxicity effects were found with 1k (1.09 μM) and 1c (2.02 μM) against DU145, followed by 1a, 1d, 1f, 1n, and 1m between 5.10 and 8.18 μM concentrations. The anticancer activity is validated using molecular docking simulations, and comparing binding energies with the standard drug doxorubicin suggests that the title compounds are well fitted into the active site pocket of the target molecules..
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailam
Sri Gogula
- Department
of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Center
for Semiochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Dasari Vijaya Prasanna
- Center
for Semiochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vishnu Thumma
- Department
of Science and Humanities, Matrusri Engineering
College, Hyderabad 500059, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Department
of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ch. Abraham Lincoln
- Department
of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - P. Muralidhar Reddy
- Department
of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Anren Hu
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - B. V. Subbareddy
- Center
for Semiochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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2
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Voltan G, Mazzeo P, Regazzo D, Scaroni C, Ceccato F. Role of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptor in GH-Secreting Adenomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9920. [PMID: 37373068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare disease with several systemic complications that may lead to increased overall morbidity and mortality. Despite several available treatments, ranging from transsphenoidal resection of GH-producing adenomas to different medical therapies, complete hormonal control is not achieved in some cases. Some decades ago, estrogens were first used to treat acromegaly, resulting in a significant decrease in IGF1 levels. However, due to the consequent side effects of the high dose utilized, this treatment was later abandoned. The evidence that estrogens are able to blunt GH activity also derives from the evidence that women with GH deficiency taking oral estro-progestins pills need higher doses of GH replacement therapy. In recent years, the role of estrogens and Selective Estrogens Receptor Modulators (SERMs) in acromegaly treatment has been re-evaluated, especially considering poor control of the disease under first- and second-line medical treatment. In this review, we analyze the state of the art concerning the impact of estrogen and SERMs on the GH/IGF1 axis, focusing on molecular pathways and the possible implications for acromegaly treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Voltan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mazzeo
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Regazzo
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Scaroni
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccato
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
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3
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Unterberger CJ, McIlwain SJ, Tsourkas PK, Maklakova VI, Prince JL, Onesti A, Hu R, Kopchick JJ, Swanson SM, Marker PC. Conditional gene regulation models demonstrate a pro-proliferative role for growth hormone receptor in prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:416-429. [PMID: 36562110 PMCID: PMC9974633 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans with inactivating mutations in growth hormone receptor (GHR) have lower rates of cancer, including prostate cancer. Similarly, mice with inactivating Ghr mutations are protected from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the C3(1)/TAg prostate cancer model. However, gaps in clinical relevance in those models persist. The current study addresses these gaps and the ongoing role of Ghr in prostate cancer using loss-of-function and gain-of-function models. METHODS Conditional Ghr inactivation was achieved in the C3(1)/TAg model by employing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre and a prostate-specific Cre. In parallel, a transgenic GH antagonist was also used. Pathology, proliferation, and gene expression of 6-month old mouse prostates were assessed. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data was conducted to identify GHR overexpression in a subset of human prostate cancers. Ghr overexpression was modeled in PTEN-P2 and TRAMP-C2 mouse prostate cancer cells using stable transfectants. The growth, proliferation, and gene expression effects of Ghr overexpression was assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Loss-of-function for Ghr globally or in prostatic epithelial cells reduced proliferation and stratification of the prostatic epithelium in the C3(1)/TAg model. Genes and gene sets involved in the immune system and tumorigenesis, for example, were dysregulated upon global Ghr disruption. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed higher GHR expression in human prostate cancers with ERG-fusion genes or ETV1-fusion genes. Modeling the GHR overexpression observed in these human prostate cancers by overexpressing Ghr in mouse prostate cancer cells with mutant Pten or T-antigen driver genes increased proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Ghr overexpression regulated the expression of multiple genes oppositely to Ghr loss-of-function models. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function and gain-of-function Ghr models, including prostatic epithelial cell specific alterations in Ghr, altered proliferation, and gene expression. These data suggest that changes in GHR activity in human prostatic epithelial cells play a role in proliferation and gene regulation in prostate cancer, suggesting the potential for disrupting GH signaling, for example by the FDA approved GH antagonist pegvisomant, may be beneficial in treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Unterberger
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean J McIlwain
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Philippos K Tsourkas
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vilena I Maklakova
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jordyn L Prince
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail Onesti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven M Swanson
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul C Marker
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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4
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Kopchick JJ, Basu R, Berryman DE, Jorgensen JOL, Johannsson G, Puri V. Covert actions of growth hormone: fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:558-573. [PMID: 35750929 PMCID: PMC9703363 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery nearly a century ago, over 100,000 studies of growth hormone (GH) have investigated its structure, how it interacts with the GH receptor and its multiple actions. These include effects on growth, substrate metabolism, body composition, bone mineral density, the cardiovascular system and brain function, among many others. Recombinant human GH is approved for use to promote growth in children with GH deficiency (GHD), along with several additional clinical indications. Studies of humans and animals with altered levels of GH, from complete or partial GHD to GH excess, have revealed several covert or hidden actions of GH, such as effects on fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer. In this Review, we do not concentrate on the classic and controversial indications for GH therapy, nor do we cover all covert actions of GH. Instead, we stress the importance of the relationship between GH and fibrosis, and how fibrosis (or lack thereof) might be an emerging factor in both cardiovascular and cancer pathologies. We highlight clinical data from patients with acromegaly or GHD, alongside data from cellular and animal studies, to reveal novel phenotypes and molecular pathways responsible for these actions of GH in fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kopchick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jens O L Jorgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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5
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Unterberger CJ, Maklakova VI, Lazar M, Arneson PD, Mcilwain SJ, Tsourkas PK, Hu R, Kopchick JJ, Swanson SM, Marker PC. GH Action in Prostate Cancer Cells Promotes Proliferation, Limits Apoptosis, and Regulates Cancer-related Gene Expression. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6564019. [PMID: 35383352 PMCID: PMC8995093 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the effects of blocking the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis in prostate cancer found no effects of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) antagonist, pegvisomant, on the growth of grafted human prostate cancer cells in vivo. However, human GHR is not activated by mouse GH, so direct actions of GH on prostate cancer cells were not evaluated in this context. The present study addresses the species specificity of GH-GHR activity by investigating GH actions in prostate cancer cell lines derived from a mouse Pten-deletion model. In vitro cell growth was stimulated by GH and reduced by pegvisomant. These in vitro GH effects were mediated at least in part by the activation of JAK2 and STAT5. When Pten-mutant cells were grown as xenografts in mice, pegvisomant treatment dramatically reduced xenograft size, and this was accompanied by decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. RNA sequencing of xenografts identified 1765 genes upregulated and 953 genes downregulated in response to pegvisomant, including many genes previously implicated as cancer drivers. Further evaluation of a selected subset of these genes via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction determined that some genes exhibited similar regulation by pegvisomant in prostate cancer cells whether treatment was in vivo or in vitro, indicating direct regulation by GH via GHR activation in prostate cancer cells, whereas other genes responded to pegvisomant only in vivo, suggesting indirect regulation by pegvisomant effects on the host endocrine environment. Similar results were observed for a prostate cancer cell line derived from the mouse transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Unterberger
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Vilena I Maklakova
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Michelle Lazar
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Paige D Arneson
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Sean J Mcilwain
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Philippos K Tsourkas
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Steven M Swanson
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Paul C Marker
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Correspondence: Paul C. Marker, PhD, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Bernardes JGB, Fernandes MR, Rodrigues JCG, Vinagre LWMS, Pastana LF, Dobbin EAF, Medeiros JAG, Dias Junior LB, Bernardes GM, Bernardes IMM, Santos NPCD, Demachki S, Burbano RMR. Association of Androgenic Regulation and MicroRNAs in Acinar Adenocarcinoma of Prostate. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040622. [PMID: 35456428 PMCID: PMC9030213 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer represents 3.8% of cancer deaths worldwide. For most prostate cancer cells to grow, androgens need to bind to a cellular protein called the androgen receptor (AR). This study aims to demonstrate the expression of five microRNAs (miRs) and its influence on the AR formation in patients from the northern region of Brazil. Material and Methods: Eighty-four tissue samples were investigated, including nodular prostatic hyperplasia (NPH) and acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP). Five miRs (27a-3p, 124, 130a, 488-3p, and 506) were quantified using the TaqMan® Real Time PCR method and AR was measured using Western blotting. Results: Levels of miRs 124, 130a, 488-3p, and 506 were higher in NPH samples. Conversely, in the CaP cases, higher levels of miR 27a-3p and AR were observed. Conclusion: In the future, these microRNAs may be tested as markers of CaP at the serum level. The relative expression of AR was 20% higher in patients with prostate cancer, which suggests its potential as a biomarker for prostate malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Guilherme Balieiro Bernardes
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66050-160, Brazil; (J.G.B.B.); (L.B.D.J.); (I.M.M.B.)
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Marianne Rodrigues Fernandes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
- Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Juliana Carla Gomes Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Lui Wallacy Morikawa Souza Vinagre
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Lucas Favacho Pastana
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Ayres Fragoso Dobbin
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Jéssyca Amanda Gomes Medeiros
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Leonidas Braga Dias Junior
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66050-160, Brazil; (J.G.B.B.); (L.B.D.J.); (I.M.M.B.)
| | | | | | - Ney Pereira Carneiro Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Samia Demachki
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Rommel Mario Rodriguez Burbano
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil; (J.C.G.R.); (L.W.M.S.V.); (L.F.P.); (E.A.F.D.); (J.A.G.M.); (N.P.C.D.S.); (S.D.); (R.M.R.B.)
- Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, Brazil
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Li CH, Liao CC. The Metabolism Reprogramming of microRNA Let-7-Mediated Glycolysis Contributes to Autophagy and Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:113. [PMID: 35008539 PMCID: PMC8745176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is usually a result of abnormal glucose uptake and imbalanced nutrient metabolization. The dysregulation of glucose metabolism, which controls the processes of glycolysis, gives rise to various physiological defects. Autophagy is one of the metabolic-related cellular functions and involves not only energy regeneration but also tumorigenesis. The dysregulation of autophagy impacts on the imbalance of metabolic homeostasis and leads to a variety of disorders. In particular, the microRNA (miRNA) Let-7 has been identified as related to glycolysis procedures such as tissue repair, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and tumoral metastasis. In many cancers, the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes is correlated with Let-7, in which multiple enzymes are related to the regulation of the autophagy process. However, much recent research has not comprehensively investigated how Let-7 participates in glycolytic reprogramming or its links to autophagic regulations, mainly in tumor progression. Through an integrated literature review and omics-related profiling correlation, this review provides the possible linkage of the Let-7 network between glycolysis and autophagy, and its role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Chun Liao
- Department of Tropical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Department of Social Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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8
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Hu W, Xia M, Zhang C, Song B, Xia Z, Guo C, Cui Y, Jiang W, Zhang S, Xu D, Fang J. Chronic cadmium exposure induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells through a TGF-β-independent, endoplasmic reticulum stress induced pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:107-117. [PMID: 34687772 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and thus malignant phenotypic changes of prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU145) were exposed to a non-toxic level (0.5 or 2 μM) of Cd for up to 3 months, which resulted in significantly promoted migration and invasion of the cells. These phenotypic changes were considered to be the consequence of enhanced EMT as evidenced by diminished expression of E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression. Regarding the mechanisms of Cd-induced EMT, we found Smad3 was activated but without upregulation of TGF-β. Alternatively, we found endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of prostate cancer cells was significantly evoked, which was parallel with the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Removal of ROS by N-acetylcysteine significantly reduced ER stress in prostate cancer cells, followed by the decrease of Smad3 phosphorylation and expression of nuclear Snail, resulting in the inhibition of EMT and malignant phenotypic changes of prostate cancer cells. These findings indicated a new TGF-β independent, ROS-mediated ER stress/Smad signaling pathway in chronic Cd exposure-induced EMT of prostate cancer cells, which could be a novel mechanism involved in cadmium-mediated cancer cells malignant transformation. Accordingly, ROS-induced ERs may become a novel preventive and therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mizhen Xia
- Life Science College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Bingdong Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhengmei Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Weiying Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
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9
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Development of diabetes mellitus following hormone therapy in prostate cancer patients is associated with early progression to castration resistance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17157. [PMID: 34433857 PMCID: PMC8387479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify risk factors for the prognosis of prostate cancer (PC), we retrospectively analyzed the impact of lifestyle-related disorders as well as PC characteristics at initial diagnosis on the progression to castration-resistant PC (CRPC) in PC patients undergoing hormone therapy. Of 648 PC patients, 230 who underwent hormone therapy and met inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. CRPC developed in 48 patients (20.9%). Univariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard model indicated that newly developed diabetes mellitus (DM) following hormone therapy (postDM), but not preexisting DM, as well as PC characteristics at initial diagnosis including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥ 18 were significantly associated with the progression to CRPC. A similar tendency was also observed in the relationship between newly developed hypertension following hormone therapy and CRPC progression. On the other hand, neither dyslipidemia nor hyperuricemia, regardless the onset timing, exhibited any association with CRPC progression. In multivariate analysis, postDM and PSA ≥ 18 were extracted as independent risk factors for CRPC progression (adjusted hazard ratios, 3.38 and 2.34; p values, 0.016 and 0.019, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test clearly indicated earlier progression to CRPC in PC patients who developed postDM or had relatively advanced initial PC characteristics including PSA ≥ 18. Together, the development of lifestyle-related disorders, particularly DM, following hormone therapy, as well as advanced PC characteristics at initial diagnosis is considered to predict earlier progression to CRPC and poor prognosis in PC patients undergoing hormone therapy.
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10
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Ikwu FA, Shallangwa GA, Mamza PA. QSAR, QSTR, and molecular docking studies of the anti-proliferative activity of phenylpiperazine derivatives against DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-020-00054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in males and accounts for about 4% of all cancer-related deaths in males annually. In silico methods provide faster, economical, and environmentally friendly alternatives to the traditional trial and error method of lead identification and optimization. This study, therefore, was aimed at building a robust QSAR and QSTR model to predict the anti-proliferate activity and toxicity of some phenylpiperazine compounds against the DU145 prostate cancer cell lines and normal prostate epithelial cells as well as carry out molecular docking studies between the compounds and the androgen receptor.
Results
Genetic Function Algorithm–Multilinear Regression approach was employed in building the QSAR and QSTR model. The QSAR model built had statistical parameters R2 = 0.7792, R2adj. = 0.7240, Q2cv = 0.6607, and R2ext = 0.6049 and revealed the anti-proliferate activity to be strongly dependent on the molecular descriptors: VR3_Dzp, VE3_Dzi, Kier3, RHSA, and RDF55v. The QSTR model, on the other hand, had statistical parameters R2 = 0.8652, R2adj. = 0.8315, Q2cv = 0.7788, and R2ext = 0.6344. The toxicity of the compounds was observed to be dependent on the descriptors MATS8c, MATS3s, ETA_EtaP_F, and RDF95m. The molecular descriptors in both models were poorly correlated (R < 0.4) and had variance inflation factors < 3. Molecular docking studies between the androgen receptor and compounds 25 and 32 revealed the compounds primarily formed hydrogen, halogen, and hydrophobic interactions with the receptor.
Conclusion
Findings from this study can be employed in in silico design of novel phenylpiperazine compounds. It can also be employed in predicting the toxicity and anti-proliferate activity of other phenylpiperazine compounds against DU145 prostate cancer cell lines.
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11
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Tenuta M, Carlomagno F, Cangiano B, Kanakis G, Pozza C, Sbardella E, Isidori AM, Krausz C, Gianfrilli D. Somatotropic-Testicular Axis: A crosstalk between GH/IGF-I and gonadal hormones during development, transition, and adult age. Andrology 2020; 9:168-184. [PMID: 33021069 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) axes are strongly interconnected. Interactions between these axes are complex and poorly understood. These interactions are characterized by redundancies in reciprocal influences at each level of regulation and the combination of endocrine and paracrine effects that change during development. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively review the crosstalk between the HPG and HPS axes and related pathological and clinical aspects during various life stages of male subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thorough search of publications available in PubMed was performed using proper keywords. RESULTS Molecular studies confirmed the expressions of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptors on the HPG axis and reproductive organs, indicating a possible interaction between HPS and HPG axes at various levels. Insulin growth factors participate in sexual differentiation during fetal development, indicating that normal HPS axis activity is required for proper testicular development. IGF-I contributes to correct testicular position during minipuberty, determines linear growth during childhood, and promotes puberty onset and pace through gonadotropin-releasing hormone activation. IGF-I levels are high during transition age, even when linear growth is almost complete, suggesting its role in reproductive tract maturation. Patients with GH deficiency (GHD) and insensitivity (GHI) exhibit delayed puberty and impaired genital development; replacement therapy in such patients induces proper pubertal development. In adults, few studies have suggested that lower IGF-I levels are associated with impaired sperm parameters. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The role of GH-IGF-I in testicular development remains largely unexplored. However, it is important to evaluate gonadic development in children with GHD. Additionally, HPS axis function should be evaluated in children with urogenital malformation or gonadal development alterations. Correct diagnosis and prompt therapeutic intervention are needed for healthy puberty, attainment of complete gonadal development during transition age, and fertility potential in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tenuta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Biagio Cangiano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George Kanakis
- Athens Naval and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Csilla Krausz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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12
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Iwase H, Ball S, Adams K, Eyestone W, Walters A, Cooper DKC. Growth hormone receptor knockout: Relevance to xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2020; 28:e12652. [PMID: 33058285 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation research has made considerable progress in recent years, largely through the increasing availability of pigs with multiple genetic modifications, effective immunosuppressive therapy, and anti-inflammatory therapy to protect pig tissues from the primate immune and inflammatory responses and correct molecular incompatibilities. Further study is required regarding identification and investigation of physiological incompatibilities. Although the exact cause remains uncertain, we and others have observed relatively rapid growth of kidney xenografts after transplantation into nonhuman primates (NHPs). There has also been some evidence of growth, or at least ventricular hypertrophy, of the pig heart after orthotopic transplantation into NHPs. Rapid growth could be problematic, particularly with regard to the heart within the relatively restricted confines of the chest. It has been suggested that the problem of rapid growth of the pig organ after transplantation could be resolved by growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene knockout in the pig. The GHR, although most well-known for regulating growth, has many other biological functions, including regulating metabolism and controlling physiological processes. Genetically modified GHRKO pigs have recently become available. We provide data on their growth compared to comparable pigs that do not include GHRKO, and we have reviewed the literature regarding the effect of GHRKO, and its relevance to xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Iwase
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Contreras HR, López-Moncada F, Castellón EA. Cancer stem cell and mesenchymal cell cooperative actions in metastasis progression and hormone resistance in prostate cancer: Potential role of androgen and gonadotropin‑releasing hormone receptors (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1075-1082. [PMID: 32319606 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of male cancer‑associated mortality worldwide. Mortality is associated with metastasis and hormone resistance. Cellular, genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic progression and hormone resistance are poorly understood. Studies have investigated the local effects of gonadotropin‑releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs (used for androgen deprivation treatments) and the presence of the GnRH receptor (GnRH‑R) on PCa cells. Furthermore, cell subpopulations with stem‑like properties, or cancer stem cells, have been isolated and characterized using a cell culture system derived from explants of human prostate tumors. In addition, the development of preclinical orthotopic models of human PCa in a nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model of compromised immunity has enabled the establishment of a reproducible system of metastatic progression in vivo. There is increasing evidence that metastasis is a complex process involving the cooperative actions of different cancer cell subpopulations, in which cancer stem‑like cells would be responsible for the final step of colonizing premetastatic niches. It has been hypothesized that PCa cells with stemness and mesenchymal signatures act cooperatively in metastatic progression and the inhibition of stemness genes, and that overexpression of androgen receptor (AR) and GnRH‑R decreases the rate the metastasis and sensitizes tumors to hormone therapy. The aim of the present review is to analyze the evidence regarding this cooperative process and the possible influence of stem‑like cell phenotypes, AR and GnRH‑R in metastatic progression and hormone resistance. These aspects may represent an important contribution in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying metastasis and hormone resistance in PCa, and potential routes to blocking these processes, enabling the development of novel therapies that would be particularly relevant for patients with metastatic and castration‑resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor R Contreras
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Fernanda López-Moncada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Enrique A Castellón
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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14
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Lu C, Brown LC, Antonarakis ES, Armstrong AJ, Luo J. Androgen receptor variant-driven prostate cancer II: advances in laboratory investigations. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:381-397. [PMID: 32139878 PMCID: PMC7725416 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is a key prostate cancer drug target.
Suppression of AR signaling mediated by the full-length AR (AR-FL) is the
therapeutic goal of all existing AR-directed therapies. AR-targeting agents
impart therapeutic benefit, but lead to AR aberrations that underlie disease
progression and therapeutic resistance. Among the AR aberrations specific to
castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), AR variants (AR-Vs) have
emerged as important indicators of disease progression and therapeutic
resistance. Methods: We conducted a systemic review of the literature focusing on recent
laboratory studies on AR-Vs following our last review article published in
2016. Topics ranged from measurement and detection, molecular origin,
regulation, genomic function, and preclinical therapeutic targeting of
AR-Vs. We provide expert opinions and perspectives on these topics. Results: Transcript sequences for 22 AR-Vs have been reported in the
literature. Different AR-Vs may arise through different mechanisms, and can
be regulated by splicing factors and dictated by genomic rearrangements, but
a low-androgen environment is a prerequisite for generation of AR-Vs. The
unique transcript structures allowed development of in-situ and in-solution
measurement and detection methods, including mRNA and protein detection, in
both tissue and blood specimens. AR variant-7 (AR-V7) remains the main
measurement target and the most extensively characterized AR-V. Although
AR-V7 co-exists with AR-FL, genomic functions mediated by AR-V7 do not
require the presence of AR-FL. The distinct cistromes and transcriptional
programs directed by AR-V7 and their co-regulators are consistent with
genomic features of progressive disease in a low-androgen environment.
Preclinical development of AR-V-directed agents currently focuses on
suppression of mRNA expression and protein degradation as well as targeting
of the amino-terminal domain. Conclusions: Current literature continues to support AR-Vs as biomarkers and
therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Laboratory investigations reveal
both challenges and opportunities in targeting AR-Vs to overcome resistance
to current AR-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxue Lu
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Landon C Brown
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Salviato E, Djordjilović V, Chiogna M, Romualdi C. SourceSet: A graphical model approach to identify primary genes in perturbed biological pathways. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007357. [PMID: 31652275 PMCID: PMC6834292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological gene-set analysis has emerged as a powerful means for omic data interpretation. Although numerous methods for identifying dysregulated genes have been proposed, few of them aim to distinguish genes that are the real source of perturbation from those that merely respond to the signal dysregulation. Here, we propose a new method, called SourceSet, able to distinguish between the primary and the secondary dysregulation within a Gaussian graphical model context. The proposed method compares gene expression profiles in the control and in the perturbed condition and detects the differences in both the mean and the covariance parameters with a series of likelihood ratio tests. The resulting evidence is used to infer the primary and the secondary set, i.e. the genes responsible for the primary dysregulation, and the genes affected by the perturbation through network propagation. The proposed method demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity in different simulated scenarios and on several real biological case studies. In order to fit into the more traditional pathway analysis framework, SourceSet R package also extends the analysis from a single to multiple pathways and provides several graphical outputs, including Cytoscape visualization to browse the results. The rapid increase in omic studies has created a need to understand the biological implications of their results. Gene-set analysis has emerged as a powerful means for gaining such understanding, evolving in the last decade from the classical enrichment analysis to the more powerful topological approaches. Although numerous methods for identifying dysregulated genes have been proposed, few of them aim to distinguish genes that are the real source of perturbation from those that merely respond to the signal dysregulation. This distinction is crucial for network medicine, where the prioritization of the effect of biological perturbations may help in the molecular understanding of drug treatments and diseases. Here we propose a new method, called SourceSet, able to distinguish between primary and secondary dysregulation within a graphical model context, demonstrating a high specificity and sensitivity in different simulated scenarios and on real biological case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Salviato
- IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (ES); (CR)
| | | | - Monica Chiogna
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Romualdi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (ES); (CR)
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16
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Wu HY, Xia S, Liu AG, Wei MD, Chen ZB, Li YX, He Y, Liao MJ, Hu QP, Pan SL. Upregulation of miR‑132‑3p in cholangiocarcinoma tissues: A study based on RT‑qPCR, The Cancer Genome Atlas miRNA sequencing, Gene Expression Omnibus microarray data and bioinformatics analyses. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5002-5020. [PMID: 31638221 PMCID: PMC6854587 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been reported to be closely associated with numerous human diseases, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the number of miRNAs known to be involved in CCA is limited, and the association between miR-132-3p and CCA remains unknown. In the present study, the clinical role of miR-132-3p and its potential signaling pathways were investigated by multiple approaches. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), CCA-associated Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), ArrayExpress and Sequence Read Archive (SRA) miRNA-microarray or miRNA-sequencing data were screened, and meta-analyses were conducted, in order to calculate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and standardized mean difference (SMD). The predicted target genes of miR-132-3p were obtained from 12 online databases and were combined with the downregulated differentially expressed genes identified in the RNA-sequencing data of CCA. Gene Ontology annotation and pathway analysis were performed in WebGestalt. Protein-protein interaction analyses were conducted in STRING. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mRNA expression profiles were used to validate the expression levels of hub genes at the mRNA level. The Human Protein Atlas was used to identify the protein expression levels of hub genes in CCA tissues and non-tumor biliary epithelium. The meta-analyses comprised 10 groups of RT-qPCR data, eight GEO microarray datasets and one TCGA miRNA-sequencing dataset. The SMD of miR-132-3p in CCA was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.25, 1.24), which indicated that miR-132-3p was overexpressed in CCA tissues. This finding was supported by a summary ROC value of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.83). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.93) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.81), respectively. The relative expression level of miR-132-3p in the early stage of CCA (stages I–II) was 6.8754±0.5279, which was markedly lower than that in the advanced stage (stages III–IVB), 7.3034±0.3267 (P=0.003). Consistently, the miR-132-3p level in low-grade CCA (grades G1-G2) was 6.7581±0.5297, whereas it was 7.1191±0.4651 in patients with high-grade CCA (grades G3-G4) (P=0.037). Furthermore, 555 potential target genes of miR-132-3p in CCA were mainly enriched in the ‘Focal Adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-signaling pathway’. In conclusion, upregulation of miR-132-3p may serve a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and progression of CCA by targeting different pathways. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to support the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yu Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre‑clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Pre‑clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - An-Gui Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre‑clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Min-Da Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre‑clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Biao Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre‑clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre‑clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Min-Jun Liao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre‑clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Ping Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre‑clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pre‑clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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17
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Boguszewski CL, Boguszewski MCDS. Growth Hormone's Links to Cancer. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:558-574. [PMID: 30500870 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several components of the GH axis are involved in tumor progression, and GH-induced intracellular signaling has been strongly associated with breast cancer susceptibility in genome-wide association studies. In the general population, high IGF-I levels and low IGF-binding protein-3 levels within the normal range are associated with the development of common malignancies, and components of the GH-IGF signaling system exhibit correlations with clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic parameters in cancer patients. Despite promising findings in preclinical studies, anticancer therapies targeting the GH-IGF signaling system have led to disappointing results in clinical trials. There is substantial evidence for some degree of protection against tumor development in several animal models and in patients with genetic defects associated with GH deficiency or resistance. In contrast, the link between GH excess and cancer risk in acromegaly patients is much less clear, and cancer screening in acromegaly has been a highly controversial issue. Recent studies have shown that increased life expectancy in acromegaly patients who attain normal GH and IGF-I levels is associated with more deaths due to age-related cancers. Replacement GH therapy in GH deficiency hypopituitary adults and short children has been shown to be safe when no other risk factors for malignancy are present. Nevertheless, the use of GH in cancer survivors and in short children with RASopathies, chromosomal breakage syndromes, or DNA-repair disorders should be carefully evaluated owing to an increased risk of recurrence, primary cancer, or second neoplasia in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Luiz Boguszewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Division (SEMPR), University Hospital, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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18
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Lu M, Flanagan JU, Langley RJ, Hay MP, Perry JK. Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:3. [PMID: 30775002 PMCID: PMC6367471 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human growth hormone (GH) is a classical pituitary endocrine hormone that is essential for normal postnatal growth and has pleiotropic effects across multiple physiological systems. GH is also expressed in extrapituitary tissues and has localized autocrine/paracrine effects at these sites. In adults, hypersecretion of GH causes acromegaly, and strategies that block the release of GH or that inhibit GH receptor (GHR) activation are the primary forms of medical therapy for this disease. Overproduction of GH has also been linked to cancer and the microvascular complications that are associated with diabetes. However, studies to investigate the therapeutic potential of GHR antagonism in these diseases have been limited, most likely due to difficulty in accessing therapeutic tools to study the pharmacology of the receptor in vivo. This review will discuss current and emerging strategies for antagonizing GH function and the potential disease indications. Emerging therapies are offering an expanded toolkit for combatting the effects of human growth hormone overproduction. Human growth hormone (GH) is a major driver of postnatal growth; however, systemic or localized overproduction is implicated in the aberrant growth disease acromegaly, cancer, and diabetes. In this review, researchers led by Jo Perry, from the University of Auckland, New Zealand, discuss strategies that either inhibit GH production, block its systemic receptor, or interrupt its downstream signaling pathways. The only licensed GH receptor blocker is pegvisomant, but therapies are in development that include long-acting protein and antibody-based blockers, and nucleotide complexes that degrade GHR production have also shown promise. Studies investigating GHR antagonism are limited, partly due to difficulty in accessing therapeutic tools which block GHR function, but overcoming these obstacles may yield advances in alleviating chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lu
- 1Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- 2Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,3Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ries J Langley
- 3Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.,4Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Hay
- 2Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,3Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jo K Perry
- 1Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,3Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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19
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Basu R, Qian Y, Kopchick JJ. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Lessons from growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice: are there benefits of endocrine defects? Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:R155-R181. [PMID: 29459441 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is produced primarily by anterior pituitary somatotroph cells. Numerous acute human (h) GH treatment and long-term follow-up studies and extensive use of animal models of GH action have shaped the body of GH research over the past 70 years. Work on the GH receptor (R)-knockout (GHRKO) mice and results of studies on GH-resistant Laron Syndrome (LS) patients have helped define many physiological actions of GH including those dealing with metabolism, obesity, cancer, diabetes, cognition and aging/longevity. In this review, we have discussed several issues dealing with these biological effects of GH and attempt to answer the question of whether decreased GH action may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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20
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Zhao H, Wu M, Wang S, Yu X, Li Z, Dang R, Sun X. Identification of a novel 24 bp insertion–deletion (indel) of the androgen receptor gene and its association with growth traits in four indigenous cattle breeds. Arch Anim Breed 2018. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-71-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. During the past decades, insertions and deletions (indels) have become
increasingly popular in animal breeding for understanding the relationship
between genotypes and phenotypes. The androgen receptor (AR) plays the
vital role of a bridge on the function of the androgen and has sexual size
dimorphism. For this reason, the objective of this study was to explore the
novel indel variants within the cattle AR gene and to detect their
effects on growth traits in four breeds of Chinese yellow cattle. Herein, we
first confirmed a novel 24 bp indel (AC_000187.1g.4187270-4187293delAATTTATTGGGAGATTATTGAATT) within the intron of
the cattle AR gene. This is consistent with the results predicted
from the NCBI SNP database. The distribution of the indel genotypes of four
Chinese yellow cattle were significantly different from each other
(P < 0.01). After significant correlation analysis, many remarkable
phenotypic differences among the three genotypes were found (P < 0.05).
In conclusion, a novel 24 bp indel within the AR gene
significantly affected growth traits, suggesting that this indel may be a
useful DNA marker for the elimination or selection of excellent individuals for
cattle breeding.
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21
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Chatterjee A, Zhu Y, Tong Q, Kosmacek EA, Lichter EZ, Oberley-Deegan RE. The Addition of Manganese Porphyrins during Radiation Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth and Simultaneously Protects Normal Prostate Tissue from Radiation Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7010021. [PMID: 29370088 PMCID: PMC5789331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is commonly used for prostate cancer treatment; however, normal tissues can be damaged from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by radiation. In separate reports, we and others have shown that manganese porphyrins (MnPs), ROS scavengers, protect normal cells from radiation-induced damage but inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. However, there have been no studies demonstrating that MnPs protect normal tissues, while inhibiting tumor growth in the same model. LNCaP or PC3 cells were orthotopically implanted into athymic mice and treated with radiation (2 Gy, for 5 consecutive days) in the presence or absence of MnPs. With radiation, MnPs enhanced overall life expectancy and significantly decreased the average tumor volume, as compared to the radiated alone group. MnPs enhanced lipid oxidation in tumor cells but reduced oxidative damage to normal prostate tissue adjacent to the prostate tumor in combination with radiation. Mechanistically, MnPs behave as pro-oxidants or antioxidants depending on the level of oxidative stress inside the treated cell. We found that MnPs act as pro-oxidants in prostate cancer cells, while in normal cells and tissues the MnPs act as antioxidants. For the first time, in the same in vivo model, this study reveals that MnPs enhance the tumoricidal effect of radiation and reduce oxidative damage to normal prostate tissue adjacent to the prostate tumor in the presence of radiation. This study suggests that MnPs are effective radio-protectors for radiation-mediated prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Qiang Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Eliezer Z Lichter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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