1
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Ghitha N, Vathania N, Wiyono L, Pulungan A. Delayed menarche in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 33:104-112. [PMID: 38993726 PMCID: PMC11234191 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2023-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported an association between age at menarche and the onset of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This review compared the age at menarche in patients who had menarche after T1DM diagnosis with that of patients who were healthy and/or had menarche before T1DM diagnosis. Searches were conducted using four databases. The outcome was the age at menarche of patients who had menarche after T1DM diagnosis and patients who were healthy and/or had menarche before T1DM diagnosis. A qualitative analysis was performed using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal. Quantitative analysis of the mean differences was performed using Revman 5.4 tool. A total of 1952 studies were obtained from the initial search. The final results were 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative assessment and eight for the quantitative assessment. Eight studies included 1030 patients who had menarche after being diagnosed with T1DM and 1282 patients who were healthy and/or had menarche before T1DM diagnosis. The meta-analysis showed a cumulative effect on a mean difference of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75; 0.99, p-value < 0.00001), indicating a later age at menarche in patients who had menarche after T1DM diagnosis. The age at menarche was later in patients who had menarche after T1DM diagnosis compared to healthy subjects and those who had menarche beforehand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Ghitha
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Vathania
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lowilius Wiyono
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aman Pulungan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Child's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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2
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Odetayo AF, Akhigbe RE, Bassey GE, Hamed MA, Olayaki LA. Impact of stress on male fertility: role of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1329564. [PMID: 38260147 PMCID: PMC10801237 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1329564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have implicated oxidative stress-sensitive signaling in the pathogenesis of stress-induced male infertility. However, apart from oxidative stress, gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) plays a major role. The present study provides a detailed review of the role of GnIH in stress-induced male infertility. Available evidence-based data revealed that GnIH enhances the release of corticosteroids by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. GnIH also mediates the inhibition of the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) by suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal axis. In addition, GnIH inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), thus suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, and by extension testosterone biosynthesis. More so, GnIH inhibits kisspeptin release. These events distort testicular histoarchitecture, impair testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis, lower spermatogenesis, and deteriorate sperm quality and function. In conclusion, GnIH, via multiple mechanisms, plays a key role in stress-induced male infertility. Suppression of GnIH under stressful conditions may thus be a beneficial prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi F. Odetayo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila Orangun, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Roland E. Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | | | - Moses A. Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratories and Biomedical Services, Osogbo, Nigeria
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3
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Xiong X, Hu Y, Pan B, Zhu Y, Fei X, Yang Q, Xie Y, Xiong Y, Lan D, Fu W, Li J. RFRP-3 Influences Apoptosis and Steroidogenesis of Yak Cumulus Cells and Compromises Oocyte Meiotic Maturation and Subsequent Developmental Competence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087000. [PMID: 37108163 PMCID: PMC10138887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RF amide-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3), a mammalian ortholog of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), is identified to be a novel inhibitory endogenous neurohormonal peptide that regulates mammalian reproduction by binding with specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) in various species. Herein, our objectives were to explore the biological functions of exogenous RFRP-3 on the apoptosis and steroidogenesis of yak cumulus cells (CCs) and the developmental potential of yak oocytes. The spatiotemporal expression pattern and localization of GnIH/RFRP-3 and its receptor GPR147 were determined in follicles and CCs. The effects of RFRP-3 on the proliferation and apoptosis of yak CCs were initially estimated by EdU assay and TUNEL staining. We confirmed that high-dose (10-6 mol/L) RFRP-3 suppressed viability and increased the apoptotic rates, implying that RFRP-3 could repress proliferation and induce apoptosis. Subsequently, the concentrations of E2 and P4 were significantly lower with 10-6 mol/L RFRP-3 treatment than that of the control counterparts, which indicated that the steroidogenesis of CCs was impaired after RFRP-3 treatment. Compared with the control group, 10-6 mol/L RFRP-3 treatment decreased the maturation of yak oocytes efficiently and subsequent developmental potential. We sought to explore the potential mechanism of RFRP-3-induced apoptosis and steroidogenesis, so we observed the levels of apoptotic regulatory factors and hormone synthesis-related factors in yak CCs after RFRP-3 treatment. Our results indicated that RFRP-3 dose-dependently elevated the expression of apoptosis markers (Caspase and Bax), whereas the expression levels of steroidogenesis-related factors (LHR, StAR, 3β-HSD) were downregulated in a dose-dependent manner. However, all these effects were moderated by cotreatment with inhibitory RF9 of GPR147. These results demonstrated that RFRP-3 adjusted the expression of apoptotic and steroidogenic regulatory factors to induce apoptosis of CCs, probably through binding with its receptor GPR147, as well as compromised oocyte maturation and developmental potential. This research revealed the expression profiles of GnIH/RFRP-3 and GPR147 in yak CCs and supported a conserved inhibitory action on oocyte developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yulei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bangting Pan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xixi Fei
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qinhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yumian Xie
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Keum J, Ryu KY, Roh J. Radioactive Iodine-induced hypothyroidism interferes with the maturation of reproductive organs during puberty in immature female rats. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:53-60. [PMID: 36726832 PMCID: PMC9839935 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal and human studies suggest that thyroid hormone may have critical roles in the development of the ovary. For example, thyroid deficiency disrupts the ovarian microarchitecture and menstrual cycle in neonate and adult women, respectively. Therefore, it is conceivable that thyroid deficiency might disrupt sexual maturation during the peri-pubertal period. To investigate the impact of radioactive iodine-induced thyroid deficiency on reproductive organs throughout puberty, immature female rats were given water containing radioactive iodine (0.37 MBq/g body weight) twice, on postnatal days 22 and 29. Radioactive iodine-induced hypothyroidism was revealed by low free thyroxin levels. Thyroid deficiency delayed the onset of vaginal opening, reduced ovarian weight and the number of medium-sized follicles and led to elongated uteri. However, there was no effect on the estrous cycle or absolute uterus weight. We conclude that radioactive iodine-induced thyroid deficiency delays sexual maturation and alters normal ovarian growth in peri-pubertal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Keum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Guri, 11923 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesook Roh
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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5
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Rodrigues MS, Tovo-Neto A, Rosa IF, Doretto LB, Fallah HP, Habibi HR, Nóbrega RH. Thyroid Hormones Deficiency Impairs Male Germ Cell Development: A Cross Talk Between Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid, and—Gonadal Axes in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:865948. [PMID: 35646887 PMCID: PMC9133415 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.865948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, thyroid hormones are critical players in controlling different physiological processes such as development, growth, metabolism among others. There is evidence in mammals that thyroid hormones are also an important component of the hormonal system that controls reproduction, although studies in fish remain poorly investigated. Here, we tested this hypothesis by investigating the effects of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on the testicular function in adult zebrafish. Treatment of fish with methimazole, in vivo, significantly altered zebrafish spermatogenesis by inhibiting cell differentiation and meiosis, as well as decreasing the relative number of spermatozoa. The observed impairment of spermatogenesis by methimazole was correlated with significant changes in transcript levels for several genes implicated in the control of reproduction. Using an in vitro approach, we also demonstrated that in addition to affecting the components of the brain-pituitary-peripheral axis, T3 (triiodothyronine) also exerts direct action on the testis. These results reinforce the hypothesis that thyroid hormones are an essential element of multifactorial control of reproduction and testicular function in zebrafish and possibly other vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira S. Rodrigues
- Aquaculture Program (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Aldo Tovo-Neto
- Aquaculture Program (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ivana F. Rosa
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lucas B. Doretto
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Hamideh P. Fallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hamid R. Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rafael H. Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rafael H. Nóbrega,
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6
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Singh P, Anjum S, Srivastava RK, Tsutsui K, Krishna A. Central and peripheral neuropeptide RFRP-3: A bridge linking reproduction, nutrition, and stress response. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100979. [PMID: 35122778 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is an amalgamation of the current status of RFRP-3 (GnIH) in reproduction and its association with the nutrition and stress-mediated changes in the reproductive activities. GnIH has been demonstrated in the hypothalamus of all the vertebrates studied so far and is a well-known inhibitor of GnRH mediated reproduction. The RFRP-3 neurons interact with the other hypothalamic neurons and the hormonal signals from peripheral organs for coordinating the nutritional, stress, and environmental associated changes to regulate reproduction. RFRP-3 has also been shown to regulate puberty, reproductive cyclicity and senescence depending upon the nutritional status. A favourable nutritional status and the environmental cues which are permissive for the successful breeding and pregnancy outcome keep RFRP-3 level low, whereas unfavourable nutritional status and stressful conditions increase the expression of RFRP-3 which impairs the reproduction. Still our knowledge about RFRP-3 is incomplete regarding its therapeutic application for nutritional or stress-related reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmasana Singh
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur 484886, MP, India
| | - Shabana Anjum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raj Kamal Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur 484886, MP, India
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima University 739-8521, Japan
| | - Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
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7
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Mate N, Shaji R, Das M, Jain S, Banerjee A. Expression of polyamines and its association with GnRH-I in the hypothalamus during aging in rodent model. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1135-1154. [PMID: 35286462 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
GnRH-I and GnIH are the key neuropeptides that regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in mammals during aging. Polyamines are important aliphatic amines that are expressed in the brain and show variation with aging. The present study demonstrates evidence of variation in the level of expression of polyamines, GnRH-I and GnIH in the hypothalamus of female mice during aging. The study also suggests regulatory effects of polyamines over expression of the hypothalamic GnRH-I. The study shows a significant positive correlation between polyamines, its associated factors and GnRH-I along with significant negative correlation between polyamines, its associated factors and GnIH. This is the first study to report the effect of polyamines along with lactate or TNF-α or both on GnRH-I expression in GT1-7 cell line. TNF-α and lactate significantly decreased hypothalamic GnRH-I mRNA expression in GT1-7 cells when treated for 24 h. Polyamines (putrescine and agmatine) in contrast, significantly increased GnRH-I mRNA expression in GT1-7 cells when treated for 24 h. Also, polyamines increased GnRH-I mRNA expression when treated in presence of TNF-α or lactate thereby suggesting its neuro-protective role. This study also found 3809 differentially expressed genes through RNA-seq done between the hypothalamic GT1-7 cells treated with putrescine only versus TNF-α and putrescine. The present study suggests for the first time that putrescine treatment to TNFα-primed GT1-7 cells upregulates GnRH-I expression via regulation of several pathways such as calcium ion pathway, estrogen signaling, clock genes as well as regulating other metabolic process like neuronal differentiation and neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Mate
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, Goa Campus, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Rohit Shaji
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, Goa Campus, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Moitreyi Das
- Department of Zoology, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Sammit Jain
- Department of Mathematics, KK Birla, Goa Campus, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, Goa Campus, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India.
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Multi-level hypothalamic neuromodulation of self-regulation and cognition in preterm infants: Towards a control systems model. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2022; 9:100109. [PMID: 35755927 PMCID: PMC9216652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Zahra F, Ahsan T, Lal Rehman U, Jabeen R. Clinical Spectrum and Causes of Delayed Puberty Among Patients Presenting to the Endocrine Clinic at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Cureus 2022; 14:e21574. [PMID: 35228933 PMCID: PMC8866913 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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10
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Advancing reproductive neuroendocrinology through research on the regulation of GnIH and on its diverse actions on reproductive physiology and behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 64:100955. [PMID: 34767778 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in 2000 has led to a new research era of reproductive neuroendocrinology because, for a long time, researchers believed that only gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulated reproduction as a neurohormone. Later studies on GnIH demonstrated that it acts as a new key neurohormone inhibiting reproduction in vertebrates. GnIH reduces gonadotropin release andsynthesis via the GnIH receptor GPR147 on gonadotropes and GnRH neurons. Furthermore, GnIH inhibits reproductive behavior, in addition to reproductive neuroendocrine function. The modification of the synthesis of GnIH and its release by the neuroendocrine integration of environmental and internal factors has also been demonstrated. Thus, the discovery of GnIH has facilitated advances in reproductive neuroendocrinology. Here, we describe the advances in reproductive neuroendocrinology driven by the discovery of GnIH, research on the effects of GnIH on reproductive physiology and behavior, and the regulatory mechanisms underlying GnIH synthesis and release.
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Park JS, Lee SH. Effects of Maternal Hypothyroidism on the Pubertal Development in Female Rat Offspring. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:83-91. [PMID: 34386643 PMCID: PMC8328481 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism and puberty onset in female rat pups. To do this, we employed propylthiouracil (PTU) to prepare a hypothyroid rat model. Pregnant rats were treated with PTU (0.025%) in drinking water from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21 of offspring. Comparison of general indices such as body and tissue weights and puberty indices such as vaginal opening (VO) and tissue histology between control and PTU-treated rats were conducted. There was no significant difference in the date of VO between control and PTU group. The body weights of the PTU group were significantly lower, only 36.8% of the control group (p<0.001). Although the absolute thyroid weight was not changed by PTU treatment, the relative weight increased significantly about 2.8 times (p<0.001), indicating that hypothyroidism was successfully induced. On the other hand, the absolute weights of the ovary and uterus were markedly decreased by PTU administration (p<0.001), and the relative weight was not significantly changed. The ovarian histology of PTU group revealed the advanced state of differentiation (i.e., presence of corpora lutea). Inversely, the uterine histology of PTU group showed underdeveloped structures compared those in control group. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that our maternal hypothyroidism model resulted in minimal effect on pubertal development symbolized by VO despite of huge retardation in somatic growth. More sophisticatedly designed hypothyroidism model will be helpful to achieve a better understanding of pubertal development and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
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12
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Rodrigues MS, Fallah HP, Zanardini M, Malafaia G, Habibi HR, Nóbrega RH. Interaction between thyroid hormones and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone in ex vivo culture of zebrafish testis: An approach to study multifactorial control of spermatogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 532:111331. [PMID: 34038752 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction is under multifactorial control of neurohormones, pituitary gonadotropins, as well as of local gonadal signaling systems including sex steroids, growth factors and non-coding RNAs. Among the factors, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (Gnih) is a novel RFamide neuropeptide which directly modulates gonadotropin synthesis and release from pituitary, and in the gonads, Gnih mediated inhibitory actions on gonadotropin response of zebrafish spermatogenesis. Thyroid hormones are peripheral hormones which are also known to interact with reproductive axis, in particular, regulating testicular development and function. This study investigated the interaction between Gnih and thyroid hormones in zebrafish spermatogenesis using in vivo and ex vivo approaches. Three experimental groups were established: "control" (non-treated fish), "methimazole" and "methimazole + T4". Fish were exposed to goitrogen methimazole for 3 weeks; T4 (100 μg/L) was added in the water from the second week only in the "reversal treatment" group. After exposure, testes were dissected out and immediately incubated in Leibovitz's L-15 culture medium containing hCG, Gnih or hCG + Gnih for 7 days. Germ cell cysts and haploid cell population were evaluated by histomorphometry and flow cytometry, respectively. Our results showed that hypothyroidism affected germ cell development in basal and gonadotropin-induced spermatogenesis, in particular, meiosis and spermiogenesis. Hypothyroid testes showed lower amount of spermatozoa, and decreased potency of hCG. We also showed that goitrogen treatment nullified the inhibitory actions of Gnih on the gonadotropin-induced spermatogenesis. This study provided evidences that thyroid hormones are important regulatory factors for hCG- and Gnih-mediated functions in zebrafish spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira S Rodrigues
- Aquaculture Program (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada; Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamideh P Fallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maya Zanardini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institution, Urata Campus, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Rafael H Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Tsutsui K, Ubuka T. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH): A new key neurohormone controlling reproductive physiology and behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100900. [PMID: 33450199 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel neurohormones is important for the advancement of neuroendocrinology. In early 1970s, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a hypothalamic neuropeptide that promotes gonadotropin release, was identified to be an endogenous neurohormone in mammals. In 2000, thirty years later, another hypothalamic neuropeptide, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), that inhibits gonadotropin release, was found in quail. GnIH acts via GPR147 and inhibits gonadotropin release and synthesis and reproductive function in birds through actions on GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus and pituitary gonadotrophs. Later, GnIH was found in other vertebrates including humans. GnIH studies have advanced the progress of reproductive neuroendocrinology. Furthermore, recent GnIH studies have indicated that abnormal changes in GnIH expression may cause pubertal disorder and reproductive dysfunction. Here, we describe GnIH discovery and its impact on the progress of reproductive neuroendocrinology. This review also highlights advancement and perspective of GnIH studies on drug development for pubertal disorder and reproductive dysfunction. (149/150).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Ubuka
- Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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Anjum S, Khattak MNK, Tsutsui K, Krishna A. RF-amide related peptide-3 (RFRP-3): a novel neuroendocrine regulator of energy homeostasis, metabolism, and reproduction. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1837-1852. [PMID: 33566226 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A hypothalamic neuropeptide, RF-amide related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of the avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) has inhibitory signals for reproductive axis via G-protein coupled receptor 147 in mammals. Moreover, RFRP-3 has orexigenic action but the mechanism involved in energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism is not yet known. Though, the RFRP-3 modulates orexigenic action in co-operation with other neuropeptides, which regulates metabolic cues in the hypothalamus. Administration of GnIH/RFRP-3 suppresses plasma luteinizing hormone, at the same time stimulates feeding behavior in birds and mammals. Likewise, in the metabolically deficient conditions, its expression is up-regulated suggests that RFRP-3 contributes to the integration of energy balance and reproduction. However, in many other metabolic conditions like induced diabetes and high-fat diet obesity, etc. its role is still not clear while, RFRP-3 induces the glucose homeostasis by adipocytes is reported. The physiological role of RFRP-3 in metabolic homeostasis and the metabolic effects of RFRP-3 signaling in pharmacological studies need a detailed discussion. Further studies are required to find out whether RFRP-3 is associated with restricted neuroendocrine function observed in type II diabetes mellitus, aging, or sub-fertility. In this context, the current review is focused on the role of RFRP-3 in the above-mentioned mechanisms. Studies from search engines including PubMed, Google Scholar, and science.gov are included after following set inclusion/exclusion criteria. As a developing field few mechanisms are still inconclusive, however, based on the available information RFRP-3 seems to be a putative tool in future treatment strategies towards metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tsutsui K, Ubuka T. Discovery of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), progress in GnIH research on reproductive physiology and behavior and perspective of GnIH research on neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 514:110914. [PMID: 32535039 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on extensive studies on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) it was assumed that GnRH is the only hypothalamic neurohormone regulating gonadotropin release in vertebrates. In 2000, however, Tsutsui's group discovered gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotropin release, in quail. Subsequent studies by Tsutsui's group demonstrated that GnIH is conserved among vertebrates, acting as a new key neurohormone regulating reproduction. GnIH inhibits gonadotropin synthesis and release through actions on gonadotropes and GnRH neurons via GnIH receptor, GPR147. Thus, GnRH is not the sole hypothalamic neurohormone controlling vertebrate reproduction. The following studies by Tsutsui's group have further demonstrated that GnIH has several important functions in addition to the control of reproduction. Accordingly, GnIH has drastically changed our understanding about reproductive neuroendocrinology. This review summarizes the discovery of GnIH, progress in GnIH research on reproductive physiology and behavior and perspective of GnIH research on neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Ubuka
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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Son YL, Ubuka T, Tsutsui K. Molecular Mechanisms of Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone (GnIH) Actions in Target Cells and Regulation of GnIH Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:110. [PMID: 30858828 PMCID: PMC6397841 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) was discovered in 2000 as the first hypothalamic neuropeptide that actively inhibits gonadotropin release, researches conducted for the last 18 years have demonstrated that GnIH acts as a pronounced negative regulator of reproduction. Inhibitory effect of GnIH on reproduction is mainly accomplished at hypothalamic-pituitary levels; gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and gonadotropes are major targets of GnIH action based on the morphological interaction with GnIH neuronal fibers and the distribution of GnIH receptor. Here, we review molecular studies mainly focusing on the signal transduction pathway of GnIH in target cells, GnRH neurons, and gonadotropes. The use of well-defined cellular model systems allows the mechanistic study of signaling pathway occurring in target cells by demonstrating the direct cause-and-effect relationship. The insights gained through studying molecular mechanism of GnIH action contribute to deeper understanding of the mechanism of how GnIH communicates with other neuronal signaling systems to control our reproductive function. Reproductive axis closely interacts with other endocrine systems, thus GnIH expression levels would be changed by adrenal and thyroid status. We also briefly review molecular studies investigating the regulatory mechanisms of GnIH expression to understand the role of GnIH as a mediator between adrenal, thyroid and gonadal axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lee Son
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: You Lee Son
| | - Takayoshi Ubuka
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sáenz de Miera C. Maternal photoperiodic programming enlightens the internal regulation of thyroid-hormone deiodinases in tanycytes. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12679. [PMID: 30585670 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms in physiology are widespread among mammals living in temperate zones. These rhythms rely on the external photoperiodic signal being entrained to the seasons, although they persist under constant conditions, revealing their endogenous origin. Internal long-term timing (circannual cycles) can be revealed in the laboratory as photoperiodic history-dependent responses, comprising the ability to respond differently to similar photoperiodic cues based on prior photoperiodic experience. In juveniles, history-dependence relies on the photoperiod transmitted by the mother to the fetus in utero, a phenomenon known as "maternal photoperiodic programming" (MPP). The response to photoperiod in mammals involves the nocturnal pineal hormone melatonin, which regulates a neuroendocrine network including thyrotrophin in the pars tuberalis and deiodinases in tanycytes, resulting in changes in thyroid hormone in the mediobasal hypothalamus. This review addresses MPP and discusses the latest findings on its impact on the thyrotrophin/deiodinase network. Finally, commonalities between MPP and other instances of endogenous seasonal timing are considered, and a unifying scheme is suggested in which timing arises from a long-term communication between the pars tuberalis and the hypothalamus and resultant spontaneous changes in local thyroid hormone status, independently of the pineal melatonin signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáenz de Miera
- Department Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Wang H, Khoradmehr A, Jalali M, Salehi MS, Tsutsui K, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Tamadon A. The roles of RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs), mammalian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) orthologues in female reproduction. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:1210-1220. [PMID: 30627363 PMCID: PMC6312679 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.30520.7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To benefit from reproduction and deal with challenges in the environmental conditions, animals must adapt internal physiology to maximize the reproduction rate. Maladaptive variations in the neurochemical systems and reproductive system can lead to manifestation of several significant mammalian reprocesses, including mammalian ovarian lifespan. RFamide-related peptide (RFRP, Rfrp), mammalian orthologues of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), which is a regulator to prevent the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neural activity, is known to be related to reproductive traits. This review aimed to summarize recent five-year observations to outline historic insights and novel perspectives into the functions of RFRPs in coding the mammalian reproductive physiology, especially highlight recent advances in the impact on RFRPs in regulating mammalian ovary lifespan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the recent five-year important findings of RFRP system involved in mammalian ovary development. Data for this review were collected from Google Scholar and PubMed using the RFRP keyword combined with the keywords related to physiological or pathological reproductive functions. RESULTS Recent discoveries are focused on three major fronts in research on RFRP role in female reproduction including reproductive functions, energy balance, and stress regulation. The roles of RFRPs in various development phases of mammal reproduction including prepuberty, puberty, estrous cycle, pregnancy, milking, menopause, and/or ovarian diseases have been shown. CONCLUSION Overall, these recent advances demonstrate that RFRPs serve as critical mediators in mammalian ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Tsutsui K, Ubuka T. How to Contribute to the Progress of Neuroendocrinology: Discovery of GnIH and Progress of GnIH Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:662. [PMID: 30483217 PMCID: PMC6241250 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is essential to discover novel neuropeptides that regulate the functions of pituitary, brain and peripheral secretory glands for the progress of neuroendocrinology. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a hypothalamic neuropeptide stimulating gonadotropin release was isolated and its structure was determined by Schally's and Guillemin's groups at the beginning of the 1970s. It was subsequently shown that GnRH is highly conserved among vertebrates. GnRH was assumed the sole hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates gonadotropin release in vertebrates based on extensive studies of GnRH over the following three decades. However, in 2000, Tsutsui's group isolated and determined the structure of a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide, which inhibits gonadotropin release, in quail, an avian species, and named it gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH). Following studies by Tsutsui's group demonstrated that GnIH is highly conserved among vertebrates, from humans to agnathans, and acts as a key neuropeptide inhibiting reproduction. Intensive research on GnIH demonstrated that GnIH inhibits gonadotropin synthesis and release by acting on gonadotropes and GnRH neurons via GPR147 in birds and mammals. Fish GnIH also regulates gonadotropin release according to its reproductive condition, indicating the conserved role of GnIH in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in vertebrates. Therefore, we can now say that GnRH is not the only hypothalamic neuropeptide controlling vertebrate reproduction. In addition, recent studies by Tsutsui's group demonstrated that GnIH acts in the brain to regulate behaviors, including reproductive behavior. The 18 years of GnIH research with leading laboratories in the world have significantly advanced our knowledge of the neuroendocrine control mechanism of reproductive physiology and behavior as well as interactions of the HPG, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes. This review describes how GnIH was discovered and GnIH research progressed in this new research era of reproductive neuroendocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ubuka
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tovo-Neto A, da Silva Rodrigues M, Habibi HR, Nóbrega RH. Thyroid hormone actions on male reproductive system of teleost fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 265:230-236. [PMID: 29678724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play important roles in the regulation of many biological processes of vertebrates, such as growth, metabolism, morphogenesis and reproduction. An increasing number of studies have been focused on the involvement of THs in the male reproductive system of vertebrates, in particular of fish. Therefore, this mini-review aims to summarize the main findings on THs role in male reproductive system of fish, focusing on sex differentiation, testicular development and spermatogenesis. The existing data in the literature have demonstrated that THs exert their roles at the different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In general a positive correlation has been shown between THs and fish reproductive status; where THs are associated with testicular development, growth and maturation. Recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of THs in spermatogenesis have been unraveled in zebrafish testis. THs promote germ cell proliferation and differentiation by increasing a stimulatory growth factor of spermatogenesis produced by Sertoli cells. In addition, THs enhanced the gonadotropin-induced androgen release in zebrafish testis. Next to their functions in the adult testis, THs are involved in the gonadal sex differentiation through modulating sex-related gene expression, and testicular development via regulation of Sertoli cell proliferation. In conclusion, this mini-review showed that THs modulate the male reproductive system during the different life stages of fish. The physiological and molecular mechanisms showed a link between the thyroid and reproduction, suggesting a possibly co-evolution and interdependence of these two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Tovo-Neto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Aquaculture Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology, Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira da Silva Rodrigues
- Aquaculture Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology, Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Departament of Morphology, Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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De Vincentis S, Monzani ML, Brigante G. Crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:609-620. [PMID: 29999286 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropins and thyroid hormones are essential, respectively, for reproduction and metabolism. The classical endocrinological approach is based on the detection of axes that start from the hypothalamus and arrive at the final effector organ, in this case gonads and thyroid. However, several clues suggest that these axes do not work in parallel, but they dialogue with each other. In this article, we review evidences demonstrating crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis. Firstly, there is an undeniable structural similarity of both hormones and receptors, maybe due to a common ancient origin. This structural similarity leads to possible interaction at the receptor level, explaining the influence of thyroid stimulating hormone on gonadal development and vice versa. Indeed, altered levels of thyroid hormones could lead to different disorders of gonadal development and function throughout entire life, especially during puberty and fertile life. We here report the current knowledge on this item both in males and in females. In particular, we deepen the interaction between thyroid and gonads in two situations in females: polycystic ovary syndrome, the most frequent cause of menstrual alteration, and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Vincentis
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria L Monzani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy - .,Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
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