1
|
Zhuang N, Gu Z, Feng J, Chai Z, Shan J, Qian C. BEX1 mediates sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating AKT signaling. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110722. [PMID: 37209973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is the first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, acquired tolerance after sorafenib treatment significantly limits its therapeutic efficacy, and the mechanisms underlying resistance remains poorly characterized. In this study, we identified BEX1 as key mediator of sorafenib resistance in HCC. We found that BEX1 expression was significantly reduced in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and xenograft models, moreover, BEX1 expression in HCC tissues was down-regulated compared with that normal liver tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, K-M analysis demonstrated that reduced BEX1 expression was correlated with poor clinical prognosis in HCC patients. Loss- and gain-of-function studies showed that BEX1 regulates the cell-killing ability of sorafenib. Further studies revealed that BEX1 renders HCC cells sensitive to sorafenib via induction of apoptosis and negatively regulates the phosphorylation of Akt. In summary, our study uncover BEX1 may serve as a promising predictive biomarker for the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhuang
- Research Center for Precision Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyun Gu
- Research Center for Precision Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Research Center for Precision Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zixuan Chai
- Research Center for Precision Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Research Center for Precision Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Cheng Qian
- Research Center for Precision Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Insulin‑like growth factor axis: A potential nanotherapy target for resistant cervical cancer tumors (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:128. [PMID: 36844628 PMCID: PMC9950333 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is among the most frequently occurring neoplasms worldwide, and it particularly affects individuals in developing countries. Factors such as the low quality of screening tests, the high incidence of locally advanced cancer stages and the intrinsic resistance of certain tumors are the main causes of failure in the treatment of this neoplasm. Due to advances in the understanding of carcinogenic mechanisms and bioengineering research, advanced biological nanomaterials have been manufactured. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises multiple growth factor receptors, including IGF receptor 1. These receptors are activated by binding to their respective growth factor ligands, IGF-1 and IGF-2, and insulin, and play an important role in the development, maintenance, progression, survival and treatment resistance of cervical cancer. In the present review, the role of the IGF system in cervical cancer and three nanotechnological applications that use elements of this system are described, namely Trap decoys, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and protein nanotubes. Their use in the treatment of resistant cervical cancer tumors is also discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv M, Chen P, Bai M, Huang Y, Li L, Feng Y, Liao H, Zheng W, Chen X, Zhang Z. Progestin Resistance and Corresponding Management of Abnormal Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246210. [PMID: 36551694 PMCID: PMC9776943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With a younger tendency in morbidity age, endometrial cancer (EC) incidence has grown year after year. Worse, even more commonly occurring is endometrial hyperplasia (EH), which is a precancerous endometrial proliferation. For young women with early EC and EH who want to preserve fertility, progestin therapy has been utilized as a routine fertility-preserving treatment approach. Nevertheless, progestin medication failure in some patients is mostly due to progestin resistance and side effects. In order to further analyze the potential mechanisms of progestin resistance in EH and EC, to provide theoretical support for effective therapeutic strategies, and to lay the groundwork for searching novel treatment approaches, this article reviews the current therapeutic effects of progestin in EH and EC, as well as the mechanisms and molecular biomarkers of progestin resistance, and systematically expounds on the potential therapeutic methods to overcome progestin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Peiqin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mingzhu Bai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Xuzhou, Xuzhou 215002, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Youji Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenbo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Liu D, Cui Y, Zhao L, Chen Z, Liu F, Zhang R, Zou J. Determination of Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) in Serum by a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- School of Medical Instrument, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daoxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Medical Instrument, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lizhe Zhao
- Beijing Jianpingjinxing Biotech, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Beijing Jianpingjinxing Biotech, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hosseinzadeh P, Barsky M, Gibbons WE, Blesson CS. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Forgotten Uterus. F&S REVIEWS 2021; 2:11-20. [PMID: 34423324 PMCID: PMC8378802 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfnr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder that affects various facets of fertility. Although the ovarian and metabolic aspects of the disease is well studied, its role in uterine dysfunction is not well understood. Our objective was to review the features of endometrial and uterine aberrations in women with PCOS. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library databases for papers published in English up to March 2020. The following key words were used for the search: polycystic ovary syndrome, poly cystic ovarian disease, polycystic ovaries, PCOS, PCOD, PCO, PCOM, oligoovulation, anovulation, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism and this was combined with terms; endometrium, infertility, uterus, progesterone resistance, endometrial hyperplasia, pregnancy outcomes, preterm delivery. In this review, we highlight various uterine pathologies that are associated with PCOS and explore its impact on fertility. We also discuss key uterine molecular pathways that are altered in PCOS that may be related to infertility, endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Hosseinzadeh
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Maya Barsky
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - William E. Gibbons
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chellakkan S. Blesson
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Metformin: A Possible Option in Cancer Chemotherapy. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:7180923. [PMID: 32399389 PMCID: PMC7201450 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7180923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used for a long time as an antidiabetic medication for type 2 diabetes. It is used either as a monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic medications. The drug came into prominence in diabetes and other conditions with cardiovascular risk after the landmark study of 1995 by the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study which emphasized its importance. However, the drug has been used in experimental trials in various aspects of medicine and pharmacology such as in reproductive medicine, cancer chemotherapy, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been in use in the treatment of polycystic ovarian disease and obesity and is being considered in type 1 diabetes. This study seeks to evaluate the relevance of metformin in cancer management. Different mechanisms have been proposed for its antitumor action which involves the following: (a) the activation of adenosine monophosphate kinase, (b) modulation of adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA), (c) reduction in insulin/insulin growth factors, and (d) the role of metformin in the inhibition of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS); and its resultant damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is another paramount antitumor mechanism.
Collapse
|
7
|
Update of IGF-1 receptor inhibitor (ganitumab, dalotuzumab, cixutumumab, teprotumumab and figitumumab) effects on cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29501-29518. [PMID: 28427155 PMCID: PMC5438747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic studies of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R) inhibitors in cancer therapy had promising results in infratests, which exhibited that IGF-1R signalling was crucial in cancer cells growth. However, the conclusion of later clinical trials revealed a dim future for IGF-1R inhibitors to treat cancer. We conducted this analysis to figure out how IGF-1R inhibitors acted in clinical cancer therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched up-to-date studies about the single agent of IGF-1R inhibitors or combination with other therapies in solid tumor. Five IGF-1R anti-agents were involved. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULT 17studies were enrolled. The results was not significant in overall survival (I2=37.1%, P=0.080, HR=1.08, 95% CI=0.97-1.21) and in progression-free survival (I2=0.0%, P=0.637, HR=1.05, 95% CI=0.98-1.12). OS for dalotuzumab, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and PFS for prostate cancer even indicated harmful effects. CONCLUSION So far, anti-IGF-1R mono-antibodies did not make significant differences in solid tumor prognosis. On the contrary, pessimistic effects were shown in the dalotuzumab, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer subgroups. Further studies of IGF-1R anti-agents were needed, but unwarranted in unselected patients by predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
|
8
|
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Involved in the Effects of Metformin in the Human Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 26:1667-1672. [PMID: 27654259 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is a well-tolerated biguanide drug used for decades to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, long-term administration of metformin has been found to reduce carcinogenic risk for cancers derived from various tissues. However, its cellular and molecular mechanisms of anticancer action in the endometrial cancer (EC) have not yet been fully elucidated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty patients diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma were grouped into (n = 30) and non-treatment mixed (n = 30) for analysis. Thirty healthy donors are control groups. We attempt to investigate the interaction of metformin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). RESULTS We found that high IGF-1 plasma concentrations in women with EC were reversed by conventional antidiabetic doses of metformin in the present work. In parallel, the activation of AMPK and suppression of mTOR seemed to play an important role for the effect of metformin in patients with EC. CONCLUSIONS This pilot trial presents biological evidence consistent with antiproliferative effects of metformin in women with EC in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Xu F, Liang H, Cai M, Wen X, Li X, Weng J. Exenatide inhibits the growth of endometrial cancer Ishikawa xenografts in nude mice. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1340-8. [PMID: 26648451 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have showed that diabetes is one of the high risk factors of endometrial cancer; however, no reports describe the anti- or pro-cancer effect of a new kind of anti-diabetes drug, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide (exendin-4), on endometrial cancer. To investigate whether exenatide promotes or inhibits the growth of endometrial cancer, we used the subcutaneous human endometrial cancer cell Ishikawa xenografts in nude mouse model, and divided them into control group and exenatide-treated group. The tumor growth rate in exenatide group was slower than that in control group, and the apoptosis rate of exenatide group was higher than that in control group. In vitro, exendin-4 also attenuated Ishikawa cell viability and clone formation rate, but promoted cell apoptosis. There was an increase of phosphorylated-AMPK protein, a decrease of phosphorylated-mTOR protein both in vivo and in vitro after exenatide or exendin-4 treatment. Moreover, when treated with exendin-4 plus AICAR, an AMPK activator, cell apoptosis increased with higher ratio of phosphorylayed-AMPK/AMPK, lower ratio of phosphorylated-mTOR/mTOR and higher expression of cleaved caspase-3 than those in exendin-4 alone group, and the results were the opposite when treated with exendin-4 plus compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Our results suggest that exenatide could attenuate the growth of endometrial cancer Ishikawa xenografts in nude mice, and AMPK may be the target of the mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mengyin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xinqiao Wen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomao Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu Y, Huang J, Ma L, Shan J, Shen J, Yang Z, Liu L, Luo Y, Yao C, Qian C. MicroRNA-122 confers sorafenib resistance to hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting IGF-1R to regulate RAS/RAF/ERK signaling pathways. Cancer Lett 2015; 371:171-81. [PMID: 26655273 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib is the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the clinical response to sorafenib is seriously limited by drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of sorafenib resistance in HCC cells. Our miRNA microarray data indicate that liver-specific miR-122 expression was significantly reduced in sorafenib-resistant cells. Overexpression of miR-122 made drug-tolerant cells sensitive to sorafenib and induced apoptosis. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) was validated as a target of miR-122 and was repressed by this miRNA. miR-122-induced apoptosis was repressed by the IGF-1R activator IGFI or IGFII. Conversely, the IGF-1R inhibitor PPP or NVP-AEW541 in combination with sorafenib significantly induced cell apoptosis and disrupted tolerance to drugs in vitro. These results indicated that activation of IGF-1R by ectopic down-regulation of miR-122 counteracted the effects of sorafenib-induced apoptosis, thus conferring sorafenib resistance. Further study revealed that activation of IGF-1R by miR-122 down-regulation contributed to activation of RAS/RAF/ERK signaling, which was associated with drug resistance. Our data imply that an intimate correlation between miR-122 and IGF-1R abnormal expression is a critical determinant of sorafenib tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Huang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leina Ma
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongli Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie Y, Wang JL, Ji M, Yuan ZF, Peng Z, Zhang Y, Wen JG, Shi HR. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling by metformin in endometrial cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1993-1999. [PMID: 25289085 PMCID: PMC4186557 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance are marked risk factors that promote the development of type I endometrial cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-2 promote cell proliferation in endometrial cancer cells, while metformin reverses this effect and inhibits cell proliferation. However, the effects of metformin on the regulation of the IGF signaling pathway are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of IGF signaling by metformin in endometrial cancer cells, and to determine the effects of metformin combined with IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell proliferation was assessed following exposure of Ishikawa and HEC-1B endometrial cancer cell lines to metformin and/or the IGF-1R inhibitor, PPP. Apoptosis was assessed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. Metformin was observed to downregulate IGF-1R and upregulate IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) mRNA and protein expression, while compound C, an adenosine monophosphate protein kinase inhibitor, reversed this effect. Metformin administered with PPP inhibited endometrial cancer cell proliferation to a greater degree than treatment with either agent alone. At high concentrations (1 or 2 mM), metformin induced apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. Metformin combined with IGF-1R axis inhibitors may act synergistically to kill tumor cells, as metformin was shown to delay and prevent IGF-1R feedback. In conclusion, this study supported the results of animal studies and subclinical studies, demonstrating the feasibility of metformin combined with IGF-1R axis inhibitors in the treatment of endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Lu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mei Ji
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Fu Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Rong Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vieira M, Gomes JR, Saraiva MJ. Transthyretin Induces Insulin-like Growth Factor I Nuclear Translocation Regulating Its Levels in the Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1468-79. [PMID: 25084758 PMCID: PMC4434863 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is the carrier protein of thyroxine (T4) and binds to retinol-binding protein (RBP)-retinol complex. It is mainly synthesized by both liver and choroid plexuses of the brain. Besides these properties, it has a neuroprotective role in several contexts such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral ischemia. Activation of insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) pathways and increased levels of TTR are associated with absence of neurodegeneration in an AD mouse model. In the present study, we verified that young/adult TTR null mice had decreased levels of IGF-IR in the hippocampus, but not in choroid plexus when compared with wild-type age-matched controls. Moreover, we could also demonstrate that conditional silencing of peripheral TTR did not have any influence in hippocampal IGF-IR levels, indicating that TTR effect on IGF-IR levels is due to TTR mainly synthesized in the choroid plexus. In vitro cellular studies, using NIH3T3 cell line and primary cultured hippocampal neurons, we showed that TTR upregulates IGF-IR at the transcription and translation levels and that is dependent on receptor internalization. Using a GFP-IGF-IR fusion protein, we also found that TTR triggers IGF-IR nuclear translocation in cultured neurons. We could also see an enrichment of IGF-IR in the nuclear fraction, after TTR stimulation in NIH3T3 cells, indicating that IGF-IR regulation, triggered by TTR is induced by nuclear translocation. In summary, the results provide evidence of a new role of TTR as a transcription inducer of IGF-IR in central nervous system (CNS), unveiling a new role in neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vieira
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
McCoy AN, Kim DS, Gillespie EF, Atkins SJ, Smith TJ, Douglas RS. Rituximab (Rituxan) therapy for severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy diminishes IGF-1R(+) T cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1294-9. [PMID: 24670080 PMCID: PMC4399483 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rituximab depletes CD20(+) B cells and has shown potential benefit in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). The impact of rituximab on T cell phenotype in TAO is unexplored. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to quantify the abundance of IGF-I receptor-positive (IGF-1R(+)) CD4 and CD8 T cells in active TAO before and after treatment with rituximab. DESIGN This was a retrospective case series assessing IGF-1R(+) T cells before and after treatment with rituximab with an 18-month follow-up. SETTING The study was conducted at a tertiary care medical center. PATIENTS Study participants included eight patients with severe TAO. INTERVENTIONS Two infusions of rituximab (1 g or 500 mg each) were administered 2 weeks apart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantification of IGF-1R(+) T cells using flow cytometry was measured. RESULTS Eight patients with moderate to severe TAO [mean pretreatment clinical activity score (CAS) 5.1 ± 0.2 (SEM)] were treated. Four to 6 weeks after treatment, CAS improved to 1.5 ± 0.3, whereas the proportion of IGF-1R(+) CD3(+) T cells declined from 41.9% to 28.3% (P = .004). The proportion of IGF-1R(+) CD4(+) and IGF-1R(+) CD8(+) T cells declined 4-6 weeks after treatment (from 45.6% to 21.5% and from 32.0% to 15.8%, P = .003 and P = .001, respectively). In two patients, IGF-1R(+) CD4(+) and IGF-1R(+) CD8(+) subsets approximated pretreatment levels after 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of IGF-1R(+) T cells in patients with TAO declines within 4-6 weeks after rituximab treatment. This phenotypic shift coincides with clinical improvement. Thus, assessment of the abundance of IGF-1R(+) T cells in response to rituximab may provide a biomarker of clinical response. Our current findings further implicate the IGF-1R pathway in the pathogenesis of TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison N McCoy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (A.N.M., D.S.K., E.F.G., S.J.A., T.J.S., R.S.D.), Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine (T.J.S.), University of Michigan Medical School, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.S.D.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shafiee MN, Khan G, Ariffin R, Abu J, Chapman C, Deen S, Nunns D, Barrett DA, Seedhouse C, Atiomo W. Preventing endometrial cancer risk in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women: Could metformin help? Gynecol Oncol 2014; 132:248-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
15
|
Tas M, Kutuk MS, Serin IS, Ozgun MT, Oner G, Ozturk F. Comparison of antiproliferative effects of metformine and progesterone on estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia in rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:311-4. [PMID: 23305503 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.743010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been shown to inhibit the growth of endometriotic implants, and reverse endometrial hyperplasia when combined with oral contraceptive in a case report. The aim of this study is to compare the antiproliferative effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), and metformin in oopherectomized rat endometrium. Forty oopherectomized Wistar-Albino rats were used, and assigned to receive saline, 17 β Estradiol hemihydrate (4 mg/kg), 17 β Estradiol hemihydrate (4 mg/kg) and metformin (50 mg/kg), 17 β Estradiol hemihydrate (4 mg/kg) and MPA (1 mg/day) for 14 days. Histological markers of uterotrophy, including endometrial height, luminal ephitelial cell height and density of endometrial glands on hysterectomy speciments were quantified for each specimen. Rats treated with estradiol had significantly increased in endometrial height, endomerial luminal epithelial height and endometrial gland densitiy than the other groups. Metformin and MPA acetate significantly reduced all parameters indicating endometrial hyperplasia, and uterotrophy with respect to the control group. Antiproliferative effects of metformin, and MPA was found to be comparable for all three parameters. In conclusion, metformin attenuates estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia in ooferectomized rats to the same degree as progesterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hamoudane M, Maffioli S, Cordera R, Maggi D, Salani B. Caveolin-1 and polymerase I and transcript release factor: new players in insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:204-8. [PMID: 23404184 DOI: 10.3275/8848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae are plasma membrane regions enriched in Caveolin proteins which regulate vesicular transport, endocytosis, and cell signaling. IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) localizes in caveolae and tyrosine phosphorylates Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the most represented caveolar protein. Cav-1 participates to IGF-IR internalization and signaling directly interacting with IGF-IR and its substrates. Recently, polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) or Cavin-1, has been identified in the caveolar backbone. PTRF does not play a Cav-1 ancillary role and emerging data support a direct role of PTRF in IGF-IR signaling. PTRF and Cav-1 can bind IGF-IR and regulate IGF-IR internalization and plasma membrane replacement, mechanisms frequently deregulated in cancer cells. Although the exact roles of Cav-1 and IGF-IR in human cancer continue to be a matter of some debate, there is a strong evidence for an association between Cav-1 and IGF-IR in cancer development. With the discovery of IGF-IR interaction with PTRF in caveolae, new insight emerged to understand the growing functions of these domains in IGF-I action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hamoudane
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI) University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smith TJ, Hegedüs L, Douglas RS. Role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 26:291-302. [PMID: 22632366 PMCID: PMC3712747 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) remains enigmatic and thus controversy surrounds its pathogenesis. The role of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and activating antibodies directed against it in the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease (GD) is firmly established. Less well elucidated is what part the TSHR pathway might play in the development of GO. Also uncertain is the participation of other cell surface receptors in the disease. Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been found in orbital fibroblasts as well as B and T cells from patients with GD. These abnormal patterns of IGF-1R display are also found in rheumatoid arthritis and carry functional consequences. In addition, activating IgGs capable of displacing IGF-1 from IGF-1R have also been detected in patients with these diseases. IGF-1R forms a complex with TSHR which is necessary for at least some of the non-canonical signaling observed following TSHR activation. Functional TSHR and IGF-1R have also been found on fibrocytes, CD34⁺ bone marrow-derived cells from the monocyte lineage. Levels of TSHR on fibrocytes greatly exceed those found on orbital fibroblasts. When ligated by TSH or M22, a TSHR-activating monoclonal antibody, fibrocytes produce extremely high levels of several cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, fibrocytes infiltrate both the orbit and thyroid in GD. In sum, based on current evidence, IGF-1R and TSHR can be thought of as "partners in crime". Involvement of the former probably transcends disease boundaries, while TSHR may not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Feng X, Aleem E, Lin Y, Axelson M, Larsson O, Strömberg T. Multiple antitumor effects of picropodophyllin in colon carcinoma cell lines: clinical implications. Int J Oncol 2011; 40:1251-8. [PMID: 22159423 PMCID: PMC3584617 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although colorectal cancer can be successfully treated by conventional strategies such as chemo/radiotherapy and surgery, a substantial number of cases, in particular those with liver metastases, remain incurable. Therefore, novel treatment approaches are warranted. The IGF-1R and its ligands, mainly IGF-1 and IGF-2, have been suggested to play pivotal roles in proliferation, survival and migration of adenocarcinoma cells of the colon/rectum. Therefore, interference with IGF-1R-mediated signaling may represent a therapeutic option for this malignancy. In this study, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses of 48 paired, colorectal cancer patient samples showed significant overexpression of tumor IGF-1R and IGF-2 mRNA. There was also an overexpression of MMP-7, which was significantly correlated with histopathological parameters. Based on these findings, the effect of the IGF-1R-inhibitory cyclolignan picropodophyllin (PPP) was assessed in the four colon carcinoma cell lines HT-29, HCT-116, DLD-1 and CaCO-2. PPP strongly and dose-dependently inhibited proliferation and migration in all cell lines. However, when exposed to 0.5 μM PPP, only HT-29 showed a net decrease of viable cells as compared with the cell number at the beginning of the experiment, a finding that coincided with decreased expression/phosphorylation of IGF-1R, AKT and ERK. This cell line also exhibited PPP-induced downregulation of MMP-7 and MMP-9. Similar to the DLD-1 and HCT-116 cell lines, HT-29 also showed substantial cell detachment in response to PPP. Although a net reduction of cells by PPP seems to require a synchronized downregulation of IGF-1R, AKT and ERK1/2, part of the antitumor effect may be explained by other, possibly IGF-1R-unrelated mechanism(s). Such a multitude of inhibitory effects of PPP in colon cancer cells together with its low toxicity in vivo makes it a promising drug candidate in the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Feng
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Although the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is essential for normal growth and development, its dysregulation has been implicated in a range of pathological states. The peptide growth factors IGF-I and IGF-II exert their effects by binding to cell-surface heterotetrameric tyrosine kinase receptors and activating multiple intracellular signalling cascades, leading to changes in the expression of proteins essential for cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. The IGF system comprises multiple ligands, receptors and high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), with added complexity arising from crosstalk between its receptors and other key growth-regulatory pathways such as those activated by steroid hormones, integrins and other receptor tyrosine kinases. The IGFBPs are also increasingly recognised for their intrinsic growth-regulatory activity, and the ability of IGFBP-3 to modulate signalling pathways of nuclear hormone and growth factor receptors, as well as novel receptors, is believed to play a role both in normal physiology and in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Martin
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goetsch L, Corvaïa N. Insulin-like growth factor receptor type I as a target for cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2010; 1:265-79. [PMID: 20635945 DOI: 10.2217/1750743x.1.2.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, improvements in the understanding of oncogenesis has permitted the identification of new molecular targets for cancer therapy. Among all the different approaches, inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor activity using small molecules or biomolecules for controlling cancer growth has been successful and has brought new therapeutic opportunities to the medical community. After more than 20 years of extensive work, insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) is becoming an attractive target for drug development. Owing to its close homology to insulin receptor, IGF-IR is of interest for antibody design while its specificity allows us to discriminate between the two receptors. Major efforts from a large number of pharmaceutical companies are invested in evaluating the efficacy of such molecules in humans. Discovery of biomarkers associated with efficacy and patient selection are the main challenges that we will have to deal with in order to target the appropriate patient population that will most benefit from anti-IGF-IR monoclonal antibodies and combined treatments. This review will provide an overview of the current knowledge on IGF-IR and ongoing clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Goetsch
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 avenue Napoléon III, F-74164 Saint Julien-en-Genevois, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Douglas RS, Naik V, Hwang CJ, Afifiyan NF, Gianoukakis AG, Sand D, Kamat S, Smith TJ. B cells from patients with Graves' disease aberrantly express the IGF-1 receptor: implications for disease pathogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:5768-74. [PMID: 18832736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune process involving the thyroid and connective tissues in the orbit and pretibial skin. Activating anti-thyrotropin receptor Abs are responsible for hyperthyroidism in GD. However, neither these autoAbs nor the receptor they are directed against have been convincingly implicated in the connective tissue manifestations. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-bearing fibroblasts overpopulate connective tissues in GD and when ligated with IgGs from these patients, express the T cell chemoattractants, IL-16, and RANTES. Disproportionately large fractions of peripheral blood T cells also express IGF-1R in patients with GD and may account, at least in part, for expansion of IGF-1R(+) memory T cells. We now report a similarly skewed B cell population exhibiting the IGF-1R(+) phenotype from the blood, orbit, and bone marrow of patients with GD. This expression profile exhibits durability in culture and is maintained or increased with CpG activation. Moreover, IGF-1R(+) B cells produce pathogenic Abs against the thyrotropin receptor. In lymphocytes from patients with GD, IGF-1 enhanced IgG production (p < 0.05) and increased B cell expansion (p < 0.02) in vitro while those from control donors failed to respond. These findings suggest a potentially important role for IGF-1R display by B lymphocytes in patients with GD in supporting their expansion and abnormal Ig production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S Douglas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Measurement of binding kinetics between PI3-K and phosphorylated IGF-1R using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Sun H, Tu X, Liu M, Baserga R. Dual regulation of upstream binding factor 1 levels by IRS-1 and ERKs in IGF-1-receptor signaling. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:780-6. [PMID: 17443674 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Upstream Binding Factor 1 (UBF1) is a nucleolar protein that participates in the regulation of RNA polymerase I activity and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. In 32D myeloid cells expressing the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), the UBF1 protein (but not its mRNA) is down regulated when the cells are shifted from Interleukin-3 (IL-3) to IGF-1. Ectopic expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in these cells inhibits the down-regulation of UBF1. We now show that the stability of UBF1 in 32D-derived cells requires also a signal from the extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs). When ERKs signaling is defective, as in cells over-expressing the insulin receptor (InR) or selected mutants of the IGF-1R, UBF1 is down-regulated, even in the presence of IRS-1. The down-regulation is corrected by the expression of an activated Ha-ras, which stimulates ERKs activity. Mutations at threonines 117 and 201 of UBF1, known to be phosphorylated by ERKs, cause its down-regulation. However, when IRS-2, instead of IRS-1, is ectopically expressed in 32D InR cells, ERKs phosphorylation is increased and UBF is stabilized. Taken together, these results indicate that in 32D-derived myeloid cells expressing either the IGF-IR or the InR, UBF1 levels are regulated by signaling from both IRS proteins and ERKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Sun
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu KD, Zhou L, Burtrum D, Ludwig DL, Moore MAS. Antibody targeting of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor enhances the anti-tumor response of multiple myeloma to chemotherapy through inhibition of tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:343-57. [PMID: 16832681 PMCID: PMC11031103 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although many multiple myeloma (MM) patients initially respond to cytotoxic therapy, most eventually relapse. Novel therapeutic strategies employing a combination of chemotherapy with targeted biologics may significantly enhance the response of tumor cells to treatment. We tested a fully human anti-IGF-IR antibody (A12) against MM, and showed specific inhibition of IGF-I or serum-induced IGF-IR signaling in MM cells in vitro. The A12 as a single agent was demonstrated to exert modest to significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo in various subcutaneous xenograft MM models. The A12 was also evaluated in a disseminated xenograft MM.1S NOD/SCID model as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs (bortezomib, melphalan) currently in clinical use. The tumor burden, as determined by luciferase bioimaging, was sharply decreased, and overall survival significantly prolonged when the therapies were combined. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the A12 treated tumors had significantly decreased vascularization compared to control tumors. Furthermore, most MM lines constitutively secreted significant quantities of VEGF, and this was enhanced following IGF-I treatment. Inhibition of IGF-IR by the A12 in vitro suppressed both constitutive and IGF-I-induced secretion of VEGF, indicating that a putative anti-angiogenic mechanism associated with the A12 treatment may contribute to its anti-tumor effect.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Boronic Acids/administration & dosage
- Bortezomib
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intravenous
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Pyrazines/administration & dosage
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/immunology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Survival Rate
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Da Wu
- James Ewing Laboratory of Developmental Hematopoiesis, Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Li Zhou
- James Ewing Laboratory of Developmental Hematopoiesis, Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | | | | | - Malcolm A. S. Moore
- James Ewing Laboratory of Developmental Hematopoiesis, Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cosaceanu D, Carapancea M, Alexandru O, Budiu R, Martinsson HS, Starborg M, Vrabete M, Kanter L, Lewensohn R, Dricu A. Comparison of three approaches for inhibiting insulin-like growth factor I receptor and their effects on NSCLC cell lines in vitro. Growth Factors 2007; 25:1-8. [PMID: 17454144 DOI: 10.1080/08977190600702865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mitogenic signaling mediates malignant cell survival by many complex and redundant pathways. This study compared the effects of IGF-1R inhibition on viability and apoptosis of two NSCLC cell lines, using three different methods for the impairment of IGF-1R function: (IR3, an anti-IGF-1R antibody; tyrphostin AG1024, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and IGF-1R-small interfering RNA (siRNA). IGF-1R inhibition led to a decrease of cell survival and induced apoptosis in a manner depending on the approach used for the receptor inhibition. To find an explanation, we analyzed the effects of these treatments on three major antiapoptotic pathways evoked by IGF-1R signaling: IRS-1, Shc and 14.3.3-dependent mitochondrial translocation of Raf-1 kinase (mitRaf). (IR3 downregulated IRS-1 phosphorylation in A549 cells and Shc phosphorylation in U1810 cells. While in A549 cells AG1024 treatment decreased both IRS-1 and Shc phosphorylation, in U1810 cells the IRS-1 phosphorylation was only slightly affected and the Shc phosphorylation drastically downregulated. Neither (IR3 nor AG1024 had any effect on Raf-1 kinase translocation. Irrespective of the cell line, IGF-1R-siRNA treatment induced downregulation of both IRS-1 and Shc phosphorylation coupled with the abrogation of mitRaf. In addition, the IGF-1R-siRNA proved to be the most potent inducer of apoptosis suggesting that more than one antiapoptotic pathway in IGF-1R signaling should be inhibited to effectively induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Cosaceanu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska and Radiumhemmet Karolinska Institute/Hospital. R8:00, Stockholm, S-171 76. Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aiello A, Pandini G, Frasca F, Conte E, Murabito A, Sacco A, Genua M, Vigneri R, Belfiore A. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induce partial reversion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Endocrinology 2006; 147:4463-75. [PMID: 16777971 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an extremely aggressive tumor characterized by marked epithelial mesenchymal transition, which leads, almost invariably, to death. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists have recently emerged as potential antineoplastic drugs. To establish whether ATC could be a target of PPAR gamma agonists, we first examined PPAR gamma protein expression in a panel of six ATC cell lines and then studied the biologic effects of two PPAR gamma agonists, ciglitazone and rosiglitazone, that belong to the class of thiazolidonediones. PPAR gamma protein was present and functional in all ATC cell lines. Both ciglitazone and rosiglitazone showed complex biological effects in ATC cells, including inhibition of anchorage-dependent and -independent growth and migration, and increased apoptosis rate. Rosiglitazone-induced growth inhibition was associated with cell cycle arrest and changes in cell cycle regulators, such as an increase of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors p21(cip1) and p27(kip1), a decrease of cyclin D1, and inactivation of Rb protein. Rosiglitazone-induced apoptosis was associated with a decrease of Bcl-X(L) expression and caspase-3 and -7 activation. Moreover, rosiglitazone antagonized IGF-I biological effects by up-regulating phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 with subsequent inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Finally, rosiglitazone increased the expression of thyroid-specific differentiation markers. In conclusions, these data suggest that PPAR gamma agonists induce a partial reversion of the epithelial mesenchymal transition in ATC cells by multiple mechanisms. PPAR gamma agonists may, therefore, have a role in the multimodal therapy currently used to slow down ATC growth and dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Aiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Cattedra di Endocrinologia, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang YC, Wang XP, Zhang LY, Song AL, Kou ZM, Li XS. Effect of blocking IGF-I receptor on growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:3977-82. [PMID: 16810743 PMCID: PMC4087705 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i25.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the expression level and localization of insulin-like growth factor -I receptor (IGF-IR) in HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells, and to observe the effect of anti-IGF-IR monoclonal antibody (αIR3) on the growth of HepG2 cells.
METHODS: The expression of IGF-IR in HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. The influences of αIR3 on proliferation and apoptosis were examined by the 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and electron microscopy, respectively. Flow cytometry (FCM) was applied for the analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis was observed under electron microscope.
RESULTS: IGF-IR was located in the membranes of both HepG2 and Chang liver cell lines, and the expression level of IGF-IR was higher in HepG2 cells than in Chang liver cells. Treated with 0.1 μg/mL αIR3 for 48 h in vitro, the cell growth index (GI) of HepG2 cells was significantly higher than that of control (103.41% vs 100%, P < 0.01). However, the αIR3 for 24 h at final concentration of 4.0 μg/mL made the GI of HepG2 cells lower than that of control (93.37% vs 100%, P < 0.01). Compared with control, treated with αIR3 for 48 h at final concentrations ranging from 1.0 μg/mL to 4.0 μg/mL markedly reduced the GIs of HepG2 cells (97.63%, 97.16%, 95.13%, 92.53% vs 100%, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), treated with αIR3 for 72 h at final concentrations ranging from 0.2 μg/mL to 4.0 μg/mL decreased the GIs of HepG2 cells obviously (95%, 91.63%, 90.77%, 89.84%, 88.51% vs 100%, P < 0.01), and treated with αIR3 for 96 h at final concentrations ranging from 0.5 μg/mL to 4.0 μg/mL made GIs of HepG2 cells lower significantly (88.86%, 83.97%, 79.81%, 77.24%, 70.51% vs 100%, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Moreover, treated with αIR3 from 24 h to 96 h at final concentrations ranging from 0.2 μg/mL to 4.0 μg/mL reduced the GI of HepG2 cells from 97.63% to 70.51% in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, αIR3 treatment for 72 h at final concentration from 0.5 μg/mL to 2.0 μg/mL increased the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells(61.73%, 67.1%, 83.7%,76.87% vs 44.47%, P < 0.01) and significantly decreased that of S phase cells(28.63%, 25.13%, 15.63%, 23.13% vs 53.17%, P < 0.01), in contrast to the proportion of G2/M phase cells. The apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells were increased more than that of control (7.83%, 16.13%, 21.1%, 37.73% vs 4.13%, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The malignant cell phenotype of human hepatocarcinoma cell is related to overexpression of IGF-IR. The blockage of IGF-IR with αIR3 may contribute to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi B, Prisco M, Calin G, Liu CG, Russo G, Giordano A, Baserga R. Expression profiles of micro RNA in proliferating and differentiating 32D murine myeloid cells. J Cell Physiol 2006; 207:706-10. [PMID: 16482530 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
32D cells are murine myeloid cells that grow indefinitely in Interleukin-3 (IL-3). In these cells, the type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and granulocytic-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) induce differentiation to granulocytes. 32D cells do not express insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) or IRS-2, docking proteins of the IGF-I receptor. Ectopic expression of IRS-1 in these cells inhibits differentiation, the cells become IL-3 independent and IGF-1 dependent and can form tumors in mice. 32D and 32D-derived cells offer a good model in which to study the expression profiles of Micro Rna (miR) related to sustained proliferation or differentiation. We present here the data obtained with miR micro-arrays and identify the miR that are regulated by IGF-1 or G-CSF and are associated with either differentiation or indefinite cell proliferation of 32D murine myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shi
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Uzgare AR, Isaacs JT. Enhanced redundancy in Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced survival of malignant versus normal prostate epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2004; 64:6190-9. [PMID: 15342404 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the downstream akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases is associated with development and progression of prostate cancer to the lethal androgen-independent state. However, the causal role of these downstream kinases in androgen-independent prostate cancers is unknown. In this study, activation and requirements of akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (erk, p38, and jnk) signaling for the survival and proliferation of five malignant human cell lines encompassing the spectrum of androgen-independent prostate cancers was compared with the activation and requirements in normal prostate epithelial cells. Using Western blotting with phospho-antibodies, we detected differential activation in exponentially growing, growth factor-deprived, and restimulated cultures of malignant versus normal cells. The inhibition of erk, p38, jnk, and akt with U0126, SB203580, SP600125, and Akt inhibitor, respectively, document that normal cells require simultaneous erk and jnk signaling for survival, plus akt signaling for proliferation. In malignant cells, however, only jnk inhibition as monotherapy produces a consistent apoptotic response, although the combinatorial inhibition of jnk, erk, p38 plus akt results in statistically enhanced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that prostate cancer progression to a lethal androgen-independent state involves the acquisition of an enhanced redundancy in downstream survival signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti R Uzgare
- Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery/Development Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Salatino M, Schillaci R, Proietti CJ, Carnevale R, Frahm I, Molinolo AA, Iribarren A, Charreau EH, Elizalde PV. Inhibition of in vivo breast cancer growth by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to type I insulin-like growth factor receptor mRNA involves inactivation of ErbBs, PI-3K/Akt and p42/p44 MAPK signaling pathways but not modulation of progesterone receptor activity. Oncogene 2004; 23:5161-74. [PMID: 15122317 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study addresses the effect of targeting type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) with antisense strategies in in vivo growth of breast cancer cells. Our research was carried out on C4HD tumors from an experimental model of hormonal carcinogenesis in which the synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) induced mammary adenocarcinomas in Balb/c mice. We employed two different experimental strategies. With the first one we demonstrated that direct intratumor injection of phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS[S]ODNs) to IGF-IR mRNA resulted in a significant inhibition of C4HD tumor growth. In the second experimental strategy, we assessed the effect of intravenous (i.v.) injection of AS [S]ODN on C4HD tumor growth. This systemic treatment also resulted in significant reduction in tumor growth. The antitumor effect of IGF-IR AS[S]ODNs in both experimental protocols was due to a specific antisense mechanism, since growth inhibition was dose-dependent and no abrogation of tumor proliferation was observed in mice treated with phosphorothioate sense ODNs (S[S]ODNs). In addition, IGF-IR expression was inhibited in tumors from mice receiving AS[S]ODNs, as compared to tumors from control groups. We then investigated signal transduction pathways modulated in vivo by AS[S]ODNs treatment. Tumors from AS[S]ODN-treated mice of both intratumoral and intravenous protocols showed a significant decrease in the degree of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation. Activation of two of the main IGF-IR signaling pathways, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K)/Akt and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) was abolished in tumors growing in AS[S]ODN-treated animals. Moreover, ErbB-2 tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked by in vivo administration of AS[S]ODNs. On the other hand, we found no regulation of either progesterone receptor expression or activity by in vivo AS[S]ODNs administration. Our results for the first time demonstrated that breast cancer growth can be inhibited by direct in vivo administration of IGF-IR AS[S]ODNs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Genes, erbB-1/drug effects
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/drug effects
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Salatino
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Prisco M, Maiorana A, Guerzoni C, Calin G, Calabretta B, Voit R, Grummt I, Baserga R. Role of pescadillo and upstream binding factor in the proliferation and differentiation of murine myeloid cells. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:5421-33. [PMID: 15169904 PMCID: PMC419857 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.12.5421-5433.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2004] [Revised: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pescadillo (PES1) and the upstream binding factor (UBF1) play a role in ribosome biogenesis, which regulates cell size, an important component of cell proliferation. We have investigated the effects of PES1 and UBF1 on the growth and differentiation of cell lines derived from 32D cells, an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent murine myeloid cell line. Parental 32D cells and 32D IGF-IR cells (expressing increased levels of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor I [IGF-I] receptor [IGF-IR]) do not express insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) or IRS-2. 32D IGF-IR cells differentiate when the cells are shifted from IL-3 to IGF-I. Ectopic expression of IRS-1 inhibits differentiation and transforms 32D IGF-IR cells into a tumor-forming cell line. We found that PES1 and UBF1 increased cell size and/or altered the cell cycle distribution of 32D-derived cells but failed to make them IL-3 independent. PES1 and UBF1 also failed to inhibit the differentiation program initiated by the activation of the IGF-IR, which is blocked by IRS-1. 32D IGF-IR cells expressing PES1 or UBF1 differentiate into granulocytes like their parental cells. In contrast, PES1 and UBF1 can transform mouse embryo fibroblasts that have high levels of endogenous IRS-1 and are not prone to differentiation. Our results provide a model for one of the theories of myeloid leukemia, in which both a stimulus of proliferation and a block of differentiation are required for leukemia development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prisco
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Green KA, Naylor MJ, Lowe ET, Wang P, Marshman E, Streuli CH. Caspase-mediated Cleavage of Insulin Receptor Substrate. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:25149-56. [PMID: 15069074 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402395200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important mechanism for maintaining tissue homeostasis. The efficient induction and execution of apoptosis are essential for cell clearance in specific developmental situations. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is a survival factor for epithelial cells in the mammary gland, and its withdrawal or inhibition leads to apoptosis. In this paper we describe a novel mechanism that may lead to suppression of an IGF-I-mediated signaling pathway through cleavage of insulin receptor substrate (IRS). During the process of forced weaning, when mammary epithelial cells rapidly enter apoptosis in vivo, IRS-1 and IRS-2 disappear. We have used cultured mammary epithelial cells to demonstrate that IRS removal can be mediated through the action of caspase 10. Caspase 10 activation and IRS-1 cleavage are regulated by a MKK1-signaling pathway but not by a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway nor by the extracellular proapoptotic ligands FasL, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), or transforming growth factor-beta3. In addition we show that the loss of IRS-1 after MKK1 inhibition prevents IGF-mediated phosphorylation of FKHRL1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Girnita A, Girnita L, del Prete F, Bartolazzi A, Larsson O, Axelson M. Cyclolignans as Inhibitors of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor and Malignant Cell Growth. Cancer Res 2004; 64:236-42. [PMID: 14729630 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a pivotal role in transformation, growth, and survival of malignant cells, and has emerged as a general and promising target for cancer treatment. However, no fully selective IGF-1R inhibitors have thus far been found. This is explained by the fact that IGF-1R is highly homologous to the insulin receptor, coinhibition of which may cause diabetic response. The receptors are both tyrosine kinases, and their ATP binding sites are identical, implying that ATP inhibitors cannot discriminate between them. Therefore, the current strategy has been to identify compounds interfering with receptor autophosphorylation at the substrate level. In this study we investigated the effects of cyclolignans and related molecules on IGF-1R activity. We report that certain cyclolignans are potent and selective inhibitors of tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-1R. Of particular interest was picropodophyllin (PPP), which is almost nontoxic (LD(50) >500 mg/kg in rodents). PPP efficiently blocked IGF-1R activity, reduced pAkt and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2 (pErk1/2), induced apoptosis in cultured IGF-1R-positive tumor cells, and caused complete tumor regression in xenografted and allografted mice. PPP did not affect the insulin receptor or compete with ATP in an in vitro kinase assay, suggesting that it may inhibit IGF-1R autophosphorylation at the substrate level. This is also in agreement with our molecular model of how the cyclolignans may act on the IGF-1R kinase. Our results open the possibility to use PPP or related compounds with inhibitory effects on IGF-1R as lead compounds in development of anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sciacca L, Prisco M, Wu A, Belfiore A, Vigneri R, Baserga R. Signaling differences from the A and B isoforms of the insulin receptor (IR) in 32D cells in the presence or absence of IR substrate-1. Endocrinology 2003; 144:2650-8. [PMID: 12746329 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The A isoform of the insulin receptor (IR) is frequently overexpressed in cancer cells and is activated by IGF-II as well as by insulin, whereas the B isoform is predominant in differentiated tissues and responds poorly to IGF-II. The IR substrate-1 (IRS-1), a docking protein for the IR, is known to send a mitogenic signal and to be a powerful inhibitor of cell differentiation. We have investigated the biological effects of the two IR isoforms in parental 32D hemopoietic cells, which do not express IRS-1, and in 32D-derived cells in which IRS-1 is ectopically expressed. The effects of the two isoforms on cell survival, differentiation markers and nuclear translocation of IRS-1 were compared. The results confirm that the A isoform responds to IGF-II and preferentially sends mitogenic, antiapoptotic signals, whereas the B form, poorly responsive to IGF-II, tends to send differentiation signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sciacca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina Specialistica, University of Catania, Ospedale Garibaldi, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun H, Tu X, Prisco M, Wu A, Casiburi I, Baserga R. Insulin-like growth factor I receptor signaling and nuclear translocation of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17:472-86. [PMID: 12554758 DOI: 10.1210/me.2002-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) can translocate to the nuclei and nucleoli of several types of cells. Nuclear translocation can be induced by an activated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR), and by certain oncogenes, such as the Simian virus 40 T antigen and v-src. We have asked whether IRS-2 could also translocate to the nuclei. In addition, we have studied the effects of functional mutations in the IGF-IR on nuclear translocation of IRS proteins. IRS-2 translocates to the nuclei of mouse embryo fibroblasts expressing the IGF-IR, but, at variance with IRS-1, does not translocate in cells expressing the Simian virus 40 T antigen. Mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the IGF-IR abrogate translocation of the IRS proteins. Other mutations in the IGF-IR, which do not interfere with its mitogenicity but inhibit its transforming capacity, result in a decrease in translocation, especially to the nucleoli. Nuclear IRS-1 and IRS-2 interact with the upstream binding factor, which is a key regulator of RNA polymerase I activity and, therefore, rRNA synthesis. In 32D cells, wild-type, but not mutant, IRS-1 causes a significant activation of the ribosomal DNA promoter. The interaction of nuclear IRS proteins with upstream binding factor 1 constitutes the first direct link of these proteins with the ribosomal DNA transcription machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HongZhi Sun
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu D, Watanabe H, Shibuya H, Miura M. Redundancy of radioresistant signaling pathways originating from insulin-like growth factor I receptor. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:6702-9. [PMID: 12493743 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m209809200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) has the ability to confer clonogenic radioresistance following ionizing irradiation. We attempted to determine the downstream pathways involved in IGF-IR-mediated radioresistance and used mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in endogenous IGF-IR (R-) as recipients for a number of mutant IGF-IRs. Mutational analysis revealed that the tyrosine at residue 950 (Tyr-950) of IGF-IR, as well as the C-terminal domain, are required for radioresistance and that both domains must be mutated to abrogate the phenotype. Furthermore, the contribution of downstream pathways was analyzed by combining the use of wild-type or Tyr-950 and C-terminal mutants with specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K) or mitogen-activated protein extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK). Radioresistance could be induced by IGF-IR as long as the ability of the receptor to stimulate the MEK/ERK pathway was retained. This was confirmed by the expression of constitutively active MEK in R- cells. The ability to stimulate the PI3-K pathway alone was not sufficient, but PI3-K activation coupled with MEK/ERK pathway-independent signals from the C terminus was able to induce radioresistance. Taken together, these results indicate that the IGF-IR-mediated radioresistant signaling mechanism progresses through redundant downstream pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Therapeutics, Department of Oral Restitution, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bompard G, Puech C, Prébois C, Vignon F, Freiss G. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPL1/FAP-1 triggers apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:47861-9. [PMID: 12354757 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208950200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in Jurkat leukemia cells have suggested that protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPL1/FAP-1 rescues Fas-induced cell death. However, we have previously shown that this enzyme triggers 4-hydroxytamoxifen-induced growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells. The present study addresses the role of PTPL1/FAP-1 in antiestrogen-regulated apoptotic effect and insulin-like growth factor-I survival action in MCF7 cells and further identifies the impacted signaling pathway. By terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling and cytoplasmic nucleosome enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we demonstrated that 4-hydroxytamoxifen-induced apoptosis was totally lost in PTPL1/FAP-1 antisense transfectants in which enzyme expression was abrogated, revealing the crucial role of this phosphatase in the apoptotic process in human breast cancer cells. Time-dependent expression of PTPL1/FAP-1 in MCF7 cells completely abolished the survival action of insulin-like growth factor-I. This effect occurred through a highly significant reduction in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway activation (80% reduction in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, 55% inhibition of Akt activation) accompanied by a 65% decrease in insulin receptor substrate-1 growth factor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. These results provide the first evidence that PTPL1/FAP-1 has a key role in the apoptotic process in human breast cancer cells independent of Fas but associated with an early inhibition of the insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Our data therefore suggest new therapeutic routes and strengthen the importance of identifying endogenous regulators and substrates of this phosphatase in breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bompard
- Inserm, Unit 540, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology of Cancers, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Prisco M, Santini F, Baffa R, Liu M, Drakas R, Wu A, Baserga R. Nuclear translocation of insulin receptor substrate-1 by the simian virus 40 T antigen and the activated type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:32078-85. [PMID: 12063262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m204658200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
32D cells are a murine hemopoietic cell line that undergoes apoptosis upon withdrawal of interleukin-3 (IL-3) from the medium. 32D cells have low levels of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) receptor and do not express insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) or IRS-2. Ectopic expression of IRS-1 delays apoptosis but cannot rescue 32D cells from IL-3 dependence. In 32D/IRS-1 cells, IRS-1 is detectable, as expected, in the cytosol/membrane compartment. The SV40 large T antigen is a nuclear protein that, by itself, also fails to protect 32D cells from apoptosis. Co-expression of IRS-1 with the SV40 T antigen in 32D cells results in nuclear translocation of IRS-1 and survival after IL-3 withdrawal. Expression of a human IGF-I receptor in 32D/IRS-1 cells also results in nuclear translocation of IRS-1 and IL-3 independence. The phosphotyrosine-binding domain, but not the pleckstrin domain, is necessary for IRS-1 nuclear translocation. Nuclear translocation of IRS-1 was confirmed in mouse embryo fibroblasts. These results suggest possible new roles for nuclear IRS-1 in IGF-I-mediated growth and anti-apoptotic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prisco
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Watanabe H, Yu D, Sasaki T, Shibuya H, Hosoi Y, Asada M, Komatsu K, Miura M. Insulin-like growth factor I receptor is expressed at normal levels in Nijmegen breakage syndrome cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 296:62-6. [PMID: 12147227 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder sharing a pleiotropic phenotype with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), including increased radiosensitivity and cancer disposition. Insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) expression is reportedly decreased in A-T cells, which is thought to contribute to its increased radiosensitivity. In this study, we investigated whether the same mechanism underlies the radiosensitivity of NBS cells. GM7166VA7 cells lacking NBS1 protein displayed a phenotype of increased radiosensitivity, while the introduction of NBS1 cDNA conferred radioresistance comparable to normal cells. IGF-IR expression levels were essentially the same among normal, NBS, and NBS1-complemented NBS cells. There was no significant difference between NBS and NBS1-complemented cells in activation of major downstream pathways of IGF-IR upon IGF-I stimulation, including phosphatidylinositol-3(') kinase (PI3-K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Collectively, IGF-IR-related events are unlikely to be disrupted in NBS cells, and therefore, defects in IGF-IR signaling do not explain the increased radiosensitivity of NBS cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8549, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee JT, McCubrey JA. The Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction cascade as a target for chemotherapeutic intervention in leukemia. Leukemia 2002; 16:486-507. [PMID: 11960326 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2001] [Accepted: 01/16/2002] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal transduction cascade is a vital mediator of a number of cellular fates including growth, proliferation and survival, among others. The focus of this review centers on the MAPK signal transduction pathway, its mechanisms of activation, downstream mediators of signaling, and the transcription factors that ultimately alter gene expression. Furthermore, negative regulators of this cascade, including phosphatases, are discussed with an emphasis placed upon chemotherapeutic intervention at various points along the pathway. In addition, mounting evidence suggests that the PI3K/Akt pathway may play a role in the effects elicited via MAPK signaling; as such, potential interactions and their possible cellular ramifications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Forbes BE, Hartfield PJ, McNeil KA, Surinya KH, Milner SJ, Cosgrove LJ, Wallace JC. Characteristics of binding of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II analogues to the type 1 IGF receptor determined by BIAcore analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:961-8. [PMID: 11846798 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding to the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) elicits mitogenic effects, promotion of differentiation and protection from apoptosis. This study has systematically measured IGF1R binding affinities of IGF-I, IGF-II and 14 IGF analogues to a recombinant high-affinity form of the IGF1R using BIAcore technology. The analogues assessed could be divided into two groups: (a) those designed to investigate binding of IGF-binding protein, which exhibited IGF1R-binding affinities similar to those of IGF-I or IGF-II; (b) those generated to probe IGF1R interactions with greatly reduced IGF1R-binding affinities. The relative binding affinities of IGF-I analogues and IGF-I for the IGF1R determined by BIAcore analysis agreed closely with existing data from receptor-binding assays using cells or tissue membranes, demonstrating that BIAcore technology is a powerful tool for measuring affinities of IGFs for IGF1R. In parallel studies, IGF1R-binding affinities were related to ability to protect against serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis in three different assays including Hoechst 33258 staining, cell survival, and DNA fragmentation assays using the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12. In this model system, IGF-I and IGF-II at low nanomolar concentrations are able to prevent apoptosis completely. We conclude that ability to protect against apoptosis is directly related to ability to bind the IGF1R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briony E Forbes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Adelaide University, SA Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Prisco M, Peruzzi F, Belletti B, Baserga R. Regulation of Id gene expression by type I insulin-like growth factor: roles of Stat3 and the tyrosine 950 residue of the receptor. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:5447-58. [PMID: 11463827 PMCID: PMC87267 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.16.5447-5458.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Id proteins are known to play important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of many cell types. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), activated by its ligand, induces the differentiation of 32D IGF-IR cells, a murine hematopoietic cell line, expressing a human IGF-IR. Expression in 32D IGF-IR cells of a dominant negative mutant of Stat3 (DNStat3) inhibits IGF-I-mediated differentiation. DNStat3 causes a dramatic increase in Id2 gene expression. This increase, however, is IGF-I dependent and is abrogated by a mutation at tyrosine 950 of the IGF-IR. These results indicate that in 32D cells, the IGF-IR regulates the expression of the Id2 gene and that this regulation is modulated by both positive and negative signals. Our results also suggest that in this model, Id2 proteins influence the differentiation program of cells but are not sufficient for the full stimulation of their proliferation program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Prisco
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) sends several signals, some of which are contradictory. When the concentrations of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), a major substrate of the IGF-IR, are high, the signal is mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, and can even cause malignant transformation. However, in the absence of IRS-1, the IGF-IR sends a differentiation signal, which leads to granulocytic differentiation in haemopoietic cells. The mitogenic signal of the IGF-IR/IRS-1 combination depends largely, but not exclusively, on the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Valentinis
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, 624 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Peruzzi F, Prisco M, Morrione A, Valentinis B, Baserga R. Anti-apoptotic signaling of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor through mitochondrial translocation of c-Raf and Nedd4. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:25990-6. [PMID: 11352919 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103188200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) sends a strong anti-apoptotic signal by at least three different pathways. By using mutants of the IGF-IR, we showed that one of the pathways depends on residues of the IGF-IR (serines 1280--1283) that interact with 14.3.3 proteins. The result is the activation of Raf-1 and the mitochondrial translocation of both Raf-1 and Nedd4, a target of caspases. A mutant IGF-IR in which the serines at positions 1280--1283 have been mutated to alanine does not protect from apoptosis and fails to translocate Nedd4 or Raf-1 to the mitochondria. This failure is accompanied by a loss of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. The 14.3.3/Raf-1/Nedd4 pathway is operative in the presence or absence of the insulin receptor substrate-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Peruzzi
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|