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Rusconi G, Cremona M, Gallazzi M, Mariotta L, Gola M, Gandolfi E, Malacco M, Soldati G. Good Manufacturing Practice-Compliant Cryopreserved and Thawed Native Adipose Tissue Ready for Fat Grafting. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3028. [PMID: 38892739 PMCID: PMC11172459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: As adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells are becoming the tool of choice for many clinical applications; standardized cryopreservation protocols are necessary to deliver high-quality samples. For this purpose, the cryopreservation and thawing of native adipose tissue under GMP conditions could represent an extremely useful and powerful tool for the direct reinfusion of the tissue, and consequently, of its stromal vascular fraction. Methods: In this study, 19 samples of adipose tissue were cryopreserved and characterized before and after storage in liquid nitrogen vapors. Of these 19 samples, 14 were processed in research and 5 in a GMP-compliant environment. Storage with and without cryopreservation medium was also evaluated. After one week to three months of storage, samples were thawed, washed, enzymatically digested, and characterized with flow cytometry. Results: The results show that there is a loss of nearly 50% of total nucleated cells during the cryopreservation/thawing process. Non-GMP and GMP samples are comparable for all parameters analyzed. This study also allowed us to exclude the cryopreservation of adipose tissue without any cryopreservation medium. Conclusions: The data shown in this work are consistent with the idea that native adipose tissue, if properly processed and controlled, could be a useful source of cells for regenerative medicine, keeping in mind that there is a clear difference in the quality between fresh and thawed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rusconi
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | | | | | - Luca Mariotta
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland (M.C.)
- Swiss Stem Cells Biotech AG, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Gola
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Eugenio Gandolfi
- Clinica Sant’Anna, Swiss Medical Network, 6924 Sorengo, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Malacco
- Clinica Sant’Anna, Swiss Medical Network, 6924 Sorengo, Switzerland
| | - Gianni Soldati
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland (M.C.)
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2
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Nikolettos K, Vlahos N, Pagonopoulou O, Nikolettos N, Zikopoulos K, Tsikouras P, Kontomanolis E, Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Psilopatis I, Asimakopoulos B. The association between leptin, adiponectin levels and the ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1369248. [PMID: 38828407 PMCID: PMC11140125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1369248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Reproduction ability requires a certain amount of body fat that is necessary for ovulation, menstruation and pregnancy. Fat tissue represents an endocrine organ with high metabolic activity as it produces adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. Our aim is to examine potential associations between women of reproductive age's ovarian reserves and their levels of leptin and adiponectin. Method 74 women between 19 and 40 years of age consented to take part. Based on the patterns of their ovarian reserves, the women were divided into three main groups: women with adequate ovarian reserves (AOR - Group A, n=30), women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS - Group B, n=31) and women with depleted ovarian reserves (DOR - Group C, n=13). Among these groups, several biochemical and demographic parameters were statistically compared. Results Compared to the other two groups, women with DOR had statistically higher age and follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) levels. For estradiol (E2) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), no statistically significant difference was seen between the groups. In addition, women with PCOS had higher body mass index (BMI), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and antral follicle count (AFC) than the other two groups. In line with expectations, women with DOR also had lower levels of AMH and AFC than the other two groups. Women with PCOS had higher leptin levels than the other two groups, but there was no statistically significant difference. Women with PCOS had lower levels of adiponectin than the other groups, however the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The way we classified women in our study according to their ovarian reserves is completely consistent with what has been published internationally. The ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age is not strongly correlated with leptin and adiponectin levels. For safe conclusions, more research including a greater number of samples is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Nikolettos
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Pagonopoulou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikos Nikolettos
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Tsikouras
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Kontomanolis
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- Renal Transplatation Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- NSChristeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- NSChristeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Surgery, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Iason Psilopatis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen-Frauenklinik, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Byron Asimakopoulos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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3
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Yadav MK, Ishida M, Gogoleva N, Liao CW, Salim FN, Kanai M, Kuno A, Hayashi T, Shahri ZJ, Kulathunga K, Samir O, Lyu W, Olivia O, Mbanefo EC, Takahashi S, Hamada M. MAFB in macrophages regulates cold-induced neuronal density in brown adipose tissue. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113978. [PMID: 38522069 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor MAFB regulates various homeostatic functions of macrophages. This study explores the role of MAFB in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis using macrophage-specific Mafb-deficient (Mafbf/f::LysM-Cre) mice. We find that Mafb deficiency in macrophages reduces thermogenesis, energy expenditure, and sympathetic neuron (SN) density in BAT under cold conditions. This phenotype features a proinflammatory environment that is characterized by macrophage/granulocyte accumulation, increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, and IL-6 trans-signaling, which lead to decreases in nerve growth factor (NGF) expression and reduction in SN density in BAT. We confirm MAFB regulation of IL-6 expression using luciferase readout driven by IL-6 promoter in RAW-264.7 macrophage cell lines. Immunohistochemistry shows clustered organization of NGF-producing cells in BAT, which are primarily TRPV1+ vascular smooth muscle cells, as additionally shown using single-cell RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR of the stromal vascular fraction. Treating Mafbf/f::LysM-Cre mice with anti-IL-6 receptor antibody rescues SN density, body temperature, and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megumi Ishida
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ching-Wei Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Filiani Natalia Salim
- Centre for Medical Science and Technology and Healthcare Equity, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung 40141, Indonesia
| | - Maho Kanai
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takuto Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Zeynab Javanfekr Shahri
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kaushalya Kulathunga
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Omar Samir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenxin Lyu
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olivia Olivia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Michito Hamada
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
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Su Y, Li X, Zhao J, Ji B, Zhao X, Feng J, Zhao J. Guanidinoacetic acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation and promotes white adipose tissue browning in middle-aged mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Food Funct 2024; 15:4515-4526. [PMID: 38567805 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a critical role in energy metabolism. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has emerged supporting the importance of GAA in metabolic dysfunction. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of GAA on hepatic and adipose tissue metabolism, as well as systemic inflammatory responses in obese middle-aged mice models and attempted to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that dietary supplementation of GAA inhibited inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) hypertrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In addition, GAA supplementation observably decreased the levels of some systemic inflammatory factors, including IL-4, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Intriguingly, GAA supplementation ameliorated hepatic steatosis and lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice, which was revealed by decreased levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FASN, ACC, FABP1, and APOB and increased levels of HDL-C in the liver. Moreover, GAA supplementation increased the expression of browning markers and mitochondrial-related genes in the iWAT. Further investigation showed that dietary GAA promoted the browning of the iWAT via activating the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway and might be associated with futile creatine cycling in obese mice. These results indicate that GAA has the potential to be used as an effective ingredient in dietary interventions and thus may play an important role in ameliorating and preventing HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Xinrui Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Bingzhen Ji
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
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Lee MJ, Kim J. The pathophysiology of visceral adipose tissues in cardiometabolic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116116. [PMID: 38460909 PMCID: PMC11407912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Central pattern of fat distribution, especially fat accumulation within the intraabdominal cavity increases risks for cardiometabolic diseases. Portal hypothesis combined with a pathological remodeling in visceral fat is considered the major etiological factor explaining the independent contribution of visceral obesity to cardiometabolic diseases. Excessive remodeling in visceral fat during development of obesity leads to dysfunctions in the depot, characterized by hypertrophy and death of adipocytes, hypoxia, inflammation, and fibrosis. Dysfunctional visceral fat secretes elevated levels of fatty acids, glycerol, and proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines into the portal vein directly impacting the liver, the central regulator of systemic metabolism. These metabolic and endocrine products induce ectopic fat accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver, which in turn causes or exacerbates systemic metabolic derangements. Elucidation of underlying mechanisms that lead to the pathological remodeling and higher degree of dysfunctions in visceral adipose tissue is therefore, critical for the development of therapeutics to prevent deleterious sequelae in obesity. We review depot differences in metabolic and endocrine properties and expendabilities as well as underlying mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiological aspects of visceral adiposity in cardiometabolic diseases. We also discuss impacts of different weight loss interventions on visceral adiposity and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Jeehoon Kim
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminology, Idaho State University, Idaho 83209, USA
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6
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Rezvani R, Shadmand Foumani Moghadam MR, Cianflone K. Acylation stimulating protein/C3adesArg in the metabolic states: role of adipocyte dysfunction in obesity complications. J Physiol 2024; 602:773-790. [PMID: 38305477 DOI: 10.1113/jp285127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, as an endocrine organ, secretes several adipocyte-derived hormones named 'adipokines' that are implicated in regulating energy haemostasis. Substantial evidence shows that white adipose tissue-derived adipokines mediate the link between obesity-related exogenous factors (like diet and lifestyle) and various biological events (such as pre- and postmenopausal status) that have obesity consequences (cardiometabolic disorders). One of the critical aetiological factors for obesity-related diseases is the dysfunction of adipokine pathways. Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) is an adipokine that stimulates triglyceride synthesis and storage in adipose tissue by enhancing glucose and fatty acid uptake. ASP acts via its receptor C5L2. The primary objective of this review is to address the existing gap in the literature regarding ASP by investigating its diverse responses and receptor interactions across multiple determinants of obesity. These determinants include diet composition, metabolic disorders, organ involvement, sex and sex hormone levels. Furthermore, this article explores the broader paradigm shift from solely focusing on adipose tissue mass, which contributes to obesity, to considering the broader implications of adipose tissue function. Additionally, we raise a critical question concerning the clinical relevance of the insights gained from this review, both in terms of potential therapeutic interventions targeting ASP and in the context of preventing obesity-related conditions, highlighting the potential of the ASP-C5L2 interaction as a pharmacological target. In conclusion, these findings validate that obesity is a low-grade inflammatory status with multiorgan involvement and sex differences, demonstrating dynamic interactions between immune and metabolic response determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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7
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Abbasi K, Zarezadeh R, Valizadeh A, Mehdizadeh A, Hamishehkar H, Nouri M, Darabi M. White-brown adipose tissue interplay in polycystic ovary syndrome: Therapeutic avenues. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116012. [PMID: 38159686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study highlights the therapeutic potential of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. BAT plays a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and systemic insulin sensitivity, making it an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Recent research suggests that impaired BAT function and mass may contribute to the link between metabolic disturbances and reproductive issues in PCOS. Additionally, abnormal white adipose tissue (WAT) can exacerbate these conditions by releasing adipokines and nonesterified fatty acids. In this review, we explored the impact of WAT changes on BAT function in PCOS and discussed the potential of BAT activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve PCOS symptoms. We propose that BAT activation holds promise for managing PCOS; however, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and to develop clinically feasible methods for BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
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8
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Ozkan B, Ndumele CE. Exploring the Mechanistic Link Between Obesity and Heart Failure. Curr Diab Rep 2023; 23:347-360. [PMID: 38100052 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Among subtypes of cardiovascular disease, obesity has a potent and unique association with heart failure (HF) that is unexplained by traditional cardiovascular risk mediators. The concomitant rise in the prevalence of obesity and HF necessitates better understanding of their relationship to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide mechanistic insight regarding the link between obesity and HF by elucidating the direct and indirect pathways linking the two conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Several direct pathophysiologic mechanisms contribute to HF risk in individuals with excess weight, including hemodynamic alterations, neurohormonal activation, hormonal effects of dysfunctional adipose tissue, ectopic fat deposition with resulting lipotoxicity and microvascular dysfunction. Obesity further predisposes to HF indirectly through causal associations with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and most importantly, diabetes via insulin resistance. Low levels of physical activity and fitness further influence HF risk in the context of obesity. These various processes lead to myocardial injury and cardiac remodeling that are reflected by abnormalities in cardiac biomarkers and cardiac function on myocardial imaging. Understanding and addressing obesity-associated HF is a pressing clinical and public health challenge which can be informed by a deeper understanding of the complex pathways linking these two conditions together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bige Ozkan
- Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Carnegie, Baltimore, MD, 568, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Carnegie, Baltimore, MD, 568, USA.
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Hendrix G, Lokhnygina Y, Ramaker M, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer M, Evans W, Rasbach L, Benjamin R, Freemark M, Gumus Balikcioglu P. Catabolism of fats and branched-chain amino acids in children with Type 1 diabetes: Association with glycaemic control and total daily insulin dose. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e448. [PMID: 37715520 PMCID: PMC10638627 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an absolute insulin deficiency. However, insulin resistance (IR) may exacerbate glycaemic instability in T1D and contribute to long-term cardiovascular complications. We previously showed that IR in teenagers with obesity is associated with sex-dependent derangements in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and fatty acids. Here we hypothesized that byproducts of BCAA and fatty acid metabolism may serve as biomarkers or determinants of glycaemic control and IR in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D. METHODS Metabolites, hormones and cytokines from fasting blood samples were analysed in 28 children (15 females, 13 males; age 6-11 years) with T1D. Principal components analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression models were used to correlate metabolites of interest with glycaemic control, total daily insulin dose (TDD, units/kg/d), adiponectin and the triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio. RESULTS Males and females were comparable in age, BMI-z, insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, inflammatory markers, BCAAs and C2/C3/C5-acylcarnitines. The majority of components retained in PCA were related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and BCAA catabolism. HbA1c correlated positively with Factor 2 (acylcarnitines, incomplete FAO) and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). TDD correlated negatively with C3 and C5 and Factor 10 (BCAA catabolism) and positively with the ratio of C2 to C3 + C5 and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glucose intolerance in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D is accompanied by incomplete FAO while TDD is associated with preferential catabolism of fats relative to amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hendrix
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yuliya Lokhnygina
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Megan Ramaker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and NutritionDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - William Evans
- University of California‐BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lisa Rasbach
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert Benjamin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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10
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Cremona M, Rusconi G, Ferrario A, Mariotta L, Gola M, Soldati G. Processing Adipose Tissue Samples in a GMP Environment Standardizes the Use of SVF in Cell Therapy Treatments: Data on 302 Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2533. [PMID: 37760974 PMCID: PMC10525825 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, together with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, are becoming the tool of choice for many clinical applications. Currently, nearly 200 clinical trials are running worldwide to prove the efficacy of this cell type in treating many diseases and pathological conditions. To reach the goals of cell therapies and produce ATMPs as drugs for regenerative medicine, it is necessary to properly standardize GMP processes and, thus, collection methods, transportation strategies, extraction protocols, and characterization procedures, without forgetting that all the tissues of the human body are characterized by a wide inter-individual variability which is genetically determined and acquired during life. Here, we compare 302 samples processed under GMP rules to exclude the influence of the operator and of the anatomical site of collection. The influence of variability in the ages and genders of patients, along with laboratory parameters such as total cell number, cell viability, stem cell number, and other stromal vascular fraction cell subpopulations, has been compared. The results show that when the laboratory protocol is standardized, the variability of quantifiable cell parameters is widely statistically non-significant, meaning that we can take a further step toward standardized advanced cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cremona
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | - Giulio Rusconi
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | | | - Luca Mariotta
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
- Swiss Stem Cells Biotech AG, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Gola
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | - Gianni Soldati
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
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11
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Kim D, Memili A, Chen HH, Highland HM, Polikowsky HG, Anwar MY, Laing ST, Lee M, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Below JE, North KE, Gutierrez AD. Sex-specific associations between adipokine profiles and carotid-intima media thickness in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:231. [PMID: 37653519 PMCID: PMC10472619 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines are hormones secreted from adipose tissue and are associated with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). Functional differences between adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin) are known, but inconsistently reported associations with CMD and lack of studies in Hispanic populations are research gaps. We investigated the relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and multiple adipokine measures. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (N = 624; mean age = 50; Female = 70.8%) were utilized to assess associations between adipokines [continuous measures of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR), and adiponectin-resistin index (ARI)] and early atherosclerosis [carotid-intima media thickness (cIMT)]. We adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, cytokines, fasting blood glucose levels, blood pressure, lipid levels, and medication usage in the fully adjusted linear regression model. We conducted sexes-combined and sex-stratified analyses to account for sex-specificity and additionally tested whether stratification of participants by their metabolic status (metabolically elevated risk for CMD as defined by having two or more of the following conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation vs. not) influenced the relationship between adipokines and cIMT. RESULTS In the fully adjusted analyses, adiponectin, leptin, and LAR displayed significant interaction by sex (p < 0.1). Male-specific associations were between cIMT and LAR [β(SE) = 0.060 (0.016), p = 2.52 × 10-4], and female-specific associations were between cIMT and adiponectin [β(SE) = 0.010 (0.005), p = 0.043] and ARI [β(SE) = - 0.011 (0.005), p = 0.036]. When stratified by metabolic health status, the male-specific positive association between LAR and cIMT was more evident among the metabolically healthy group [β(SE) = 0.127 (0.015), p = 4.70 × 10-10] (p for interaction by metabolic health < 0.1). However, the female-specific associations between adiponectin and cIMT and ARI and cIMT were observed only among the metabolically elevated risk group [β(SE) = 0.014 (0.005), p = 0.012 for adiponectin; β(SE) = - 0.015 (0.006), p = 0.013 for ARI; p for interaction by metabolic health < 0.1]. CONCLUSION Associations between adipokines and cIMT were sex-specific, and metabolic health status influenced the relationships between adipokines and cIMT. These heterogeneities by sex and metabolic health affirm the complex relationships between adipokines and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeeun Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aylin Memili
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Hung-Hsin Chen
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah G Polikowsky
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Yaser Anwar
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan T Laing
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miryoung Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Absalon D Gutierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Golec M, Zembala-John J, Fronczek M, Konka A, Bochenek A, Wystyrk K, Botor H, Zalewska M, Chrapiec M, Kasperczyk S, Brzoza Z, Bułdak RJ. Relationship between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG titers in females vaccinated against COVID-19 according to the heterologous vaccination course: A cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287128. [PMID: 37310975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers in a group of females who were vaccinated against COVID-19 with two doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine and then boosted with the BNT162b2 vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 63 women. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected. To assess the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titers following the vaccination, five blood draws were performed: 1) before the first dose, 2) before the second dose, 3) 14-21 days after the primary vaccination, 4) before the booster, and 5) 21 days after the booster. Blood samples were analyzed using a two-step enzymatic chemiluminescent assay. Body mass index and body composition were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. To select the most distinguishing parameters and correlations between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers, factor analysis using the Principal Component Analysis was conducted. RESULTS Sixty-three females (mean age: 46.52 years) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. 40 of them (63.50%) participated in the post-booster follow-up. After receiving two doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine, the study group's anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were 67.19 ± 77.44 AU/mL (mean ± SD), whereas after receiving a heterologous mRNA booster, the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers was about three-times higher and amounted to 212.64 ± 146.40 AU/mL (mean ± SD). Our data shows that seropositivity, obesity, non-fat-related, and fat-related body composition parameters all had a significant effect on the level of IgG titer after a two-dose vaccination of ChAdOx1. However, only non-fat-related and fat-related body composition parameters had a significant effect on the IgG titer after booster vaccination. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection before the first dose of vaccination is not related to IgG titer after booster administration. Body composition has a significant effect on the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after booster vaccination in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Golec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembala-John
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Environmental Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Fronczek
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Konka
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aneta Bochenek
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Wystyrk
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Zalewska
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Martyna Chrapiec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zenon Brzoza
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał J Bułdak
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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13
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Wang Y, Li H, Yu XH, Tang CK. CTRP1: A novel player in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Cytokine 2023; 164:156162. [PMID: 36812667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a series of diseases induced by inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders, among others. Metabolic diseases can cause inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism. C1q/TNF-related proteins 1 (CTRP1) is a paralog of adiponectin that belongs to the CTRP subfamily. CTRP1 is expressed and secreted in adipocytes, macrophages, cardiomyocytes, and other cells. It promotes lipid and glucose metabolism but has bidirectional effects on the regulation of inflammation. Inflammation can also inversely stimulate CTRP1 production. A vicious circle may exist between the two. This article introduces CTRP1 from the structure, expression, and different roles of CTRP1 in CVDs and metabolic diseases, to summarize the role of CTRP1 pleiotropy. Moreover, the proteins which may interact with CTRP1 are predicted through GeneCards and STRING, speculating their effects, to provide new ideas for the study of CTRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of clinical medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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14
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Identification of Selective PPAR-γ Modulators by Combining Pharmacophore Modeling, Molecular Docking, and Adipogenesis Assay. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1014-1041. [PMID: 36264481 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The clinically used glitazones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) for type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy have been linked to serious side effects such as fluid retention, congestive heart failure, weight gain, bone loss, and an increased risk of bladder cancer. The complete activation of PPAR-γ receptors in target tissues is linked to these effects. Many studies have demonstrated that partial PPAR-γ activators (GW0072, PAT5A, GQ16) give equivalent therapeutic benefits to full PPAR-γ agonists without the associated side effects. These breakthroughs cleared the path for the development of partial agonists or selective PPAR-γ modulators (SPPARγMs). This study combined pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and an adipogenesis experiment to identify thiazolidine analogs as SPPARMs/partial agonists. A custom library of 220 molecules was created and virtual screened to discover 90 compounds as SPPARγMs/ partial agonists. The chosen eight compounds were synthesized and tested for adipogenesis using 3T3L1 cell lines. These compounds' partial agonistic activity was evaluated in 3T3L1 cell lines by comparing their capacity to stimulate PPAR-γ mediated adipogenesis to that of a full agonist, rosiglitazone. The findings of the adipogenesis experiment demonstrate that all eight compounds examined had a partial potential to stimulate adipogenesis when compared to the full agonist, rosiglitazone. The current investigation identified eight possible PPAR-γ partial agonists or SPPARγMs that may be effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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15
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Arderiu G, Mendieta G, Gallinat A, Lambert C, Díez-Caballero A, Ballesta C, Badimon L. Type 2 Diabetes in Obesity: A Systems Biology Study on Serum and Adipose Tissue Proteomic Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010827. [PMID: 36614270 PMCID: PMC9821208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), further increasing an already heightened cardiovascular risk. Here, amongst obese class III bariatric surgery patients, we have investigated the effect of T2DM in serum and in two, same patient, adipose tissue (AT) depots through proteomic profile expression analyses. Serum and AT samples from subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) fat were collected during bariatric surgery. Bead-based targeted multiplex assay systems were used to simultaneously detect and quantify multiple targets in serum samples (targeted proteomics) and analyze changes in adipokine serum composition. AT samples were assessed through an untargeted proteomics approach. Through a systems biology analysis of the proteomic data, information on the affected biological pathways was acquired. In obese class III individuals, the presence of T2DM induced a significantly higher systemic release of ghrelin, GLP-1, glucagon, MMP3, BAFF, chitinase 3-like 1, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, and a lower systemic release of IL-8. SAT and VAT proteomes belonging to the same patient showed significant differences in local protein content. While the proteins upregulated in VAT were indicative of metabolic dysregulation, SAT protein upregulation suggested adequate endocrine regulation. The presence of T2DM significantly affected VAT protein composition through the upregulation of dysregulating metabolic pathways, but SAT protein composition was not significantly modified. Our results show that T2DM induces metabolic dysregulation in obese individuals with changes in systemic marker levels and impairment of proteostasis in VAT but not in SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), 28029 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-935565880 (G.A. & L.B.); Fax: +34-935565559 (G.A. & L.B.)
| | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Gallinat
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lambert
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- IPSA-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Ballesta
- Centro Médico Teknon, Grupo Quiron Salut, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), 28029 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-935565880 (G.A. & L.B.); Fax: +34-935565559 (G.A. & L.B.)
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16
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Gumus Balikcioglu P, Jachthuber Trub C, Balikcioglu M, Ilkayeva O, White PJ, Muehlbauer M, Bain JR, Armstrong S, Freemark M. Branched-chain α-keto acids and glutamate/glutamine: Biomarkers of insulin resistance in childhood obesity. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e388. [PMID: 36415168 PMCID: PMC9836245 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin resistance (IR) in adolescents with obesity is associated with a sex-dependent metabolic 'signature' comprising the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamate/glutamine, C3/C5 acylcarnitines and uric acid. Here, we compared the levels of branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) and glutamate/glutamine, which are the byproducts of BCAA catabolism and uric acid among adolescents with obesity prior to and following a 6-month lifestyle-intervention program. METHODS Fasting plasma samples from 33 adolescents with obesity (16 males, 17 females, aged 12-18 year) were analysed by flow-injection tandem MS and LC-MS/MS. Multiple linear regression models were used to correlate changes in BCKAs, glutamate/glutamine and uric acid with changes in weight and insulin sensitivity as assessed by HOMA-IR, adiponectin and the ratio of triglyceride (TG) to HDL. In predictive models, BCKAs, glutamate/glutamine and uric acid at baseline were used as explanatory variables. RESULTS Baseline BCKAs, glutamate/glutamine and uric acid were higher in males than females despite comparable BMI-metrics. Following lifestyle-intervention, α-keto-β-methylvalerate (α-KMV, a metabolic by product of isoleucine) decreased in males but not in females. The ratio of BCKA/BCAA trended lower in males. In the cohort as a whole, BCKAs correlated positively with the ratio of TG to HDL at baseline and HOMA-IR at 6-month-follow-up. Glutamate/glutamine was positively associated with HOMA-IR at baseline and 6-month-follow-up. A reduction in BCKAs was associated with an increase in adiponectin, and those with higher BCKAs at baseline had higher adiponectin levels at 6-month-follow-up. Interestingly those adolescents with higher uric acid levels at baseline had greater reduction in weight. CONCLUSIONS BCKAs and glutamate/glutamine may serve as biomarkers of IR in adolescents with obesity, and uric acid might serve as a predictor of weight loss in response to lifestyle-intervention. Differential regulation of BCAA catabolism in adolescent males and females implicates critical roles for sex steroids in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Metin Balikcioglu
- Advanced Analytics Division, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Benbaibeche H, Hichami A, Oudjit B, Haffaf EM, Kacimi G, Koceïr EA, Khan NA. Circulating mir-21 and mir-146a are associated with increased cytokines and CD36 in Algerian obese male participants. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1461-1466. [PMID: 32536220 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1775655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microRNAs have come up as crucial mediators of energy balance and metabolic control. CD36 is potential biomarker of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the concentration of miR-146a and miR-21 and CD 36 in blood samples of obese and healthy young participants. We assessed the association of mir-146a and mir-21 with inflammatory states in Algerian young participants. METHODS Our study included male obese, without co-morbidities (n = 29), and healthy participants (n = 13). miRNA and CD36 expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR, respectively, in serum and blood. RESULTS miR-146a and miR-21 concentrations were significantly decreased; however, CD36 expression was increased in obese subjects. Interestingly, miR-146a and miR-21 concentrations were negatively correlated to IL-6, TNF-α, and CD36 in obese participants. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the downregulation of miR-146a and miR-21 was associated with upregulation of inflammatory state and increased CD36 expression in obese participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassiba Benbaibeche
- Département des Sciences de la Nature Et de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Alger, Algérie
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Biologic Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, UMR 1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/Agro-Sup, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Elhadj Ahmed Koceïr
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Biologic Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie, UMR 1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne/Agro-Sup, Dijon, France
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18
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Dou X, Mao T, Ma Y, Jia F, Liu Y, Liu X. Fibrotic and inflammatory characteristics of epidural fat adjacent to the ossification area in patients with ossification of the ligament flavum. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1229. [PMID: 36601380 PMCID: PMC9799088 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To observe histological and inflammatory characteristics of epidural fat (EF) adjacent to the ossification area in patients with ossification of the thoracic ligament flavum (TOLF) and provide a preliminary research basis for investigating the impact of the EF on OLF. Methods Samples of EF and autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) from TOLF patients (n = 26) and non-TOLF patients (n = 23) were harvested during posterior thoracic spine surgery. Adipocyte size and fibrosis were measured by histology. Vascularization and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Adipogenesis-related genes were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. Conditioned media from cultured EF were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and leptin. The phosphorylated STAT3 protein level in ligament flavum (LF) was examined using Western blot. Results Adipocytes size in EF was similar between in the TOLF and non-TOLF groups, but significantly smaller than that from autologous SCAT. Adipogenesis-related mRNA expression in EF was lower than that in SCAT. More fibrosis and vascularization were found in TOLF than in non-TOLF. EF in the TOLF group exhibited more macrophages and B lymphocytes infiltrated. The levels of cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin secreted by EF were significantly higher in the TOLF group than non-TOLF. The level of phosphorylated STAT3 in LF was significantly upregulated in the TOLF group. Conclusions Morphologically, EF adjacent to the ossification area is smaller and more uniform than autologous SCAT, exhibiting a characteristic similarity to visceral fat. EF in the TOLF group shows a more fibrotic, vascularized, and inflammatory phenotype, which secretes multiple cytokines. The phosphorylated STAT3 protein was significantly upregulated in the TOLF group. Whether these properties of EF directly affect the process of OLF needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Dou
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal DiseasesBeijingChina
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Tianli Mao
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal DiseasesBeijingChina
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yunlong Ma
- Pain Medicine CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Fei Jia
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal DiseasesBeijingChina
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal DiseasesBeijingChina
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal DiseasesBeijingChina
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision MedicineBeijingChina
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19
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Cao Y. Blood vessels in fat tissues and vasculature-derived signals in controlling lipid metabolism and metabolic disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2647-2652. [PMID: 36382988 PMCID: PMC9943976 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, China
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Banait T, Wanjari A, Danade V, Banait S, Jain J. Role of High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) in Non-communicable Diseases: A Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30225. [PMID: 36381804 PMCID: PMC9650935 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer are very common causes of death worldwide. Therefore, the need to search for novel, affordable, and easily accessible biomarkers and risk factors for non-communicable diseases continues, which can predict the future risk of having these diseases with greater accuracy and precision. In this context, among available biomarkers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) is considered to be the best-suited marker. Various drug intervention trials demonstrated positive results in reducing Hs-CRP in individuals with raised levels. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacologic interventions in the form of lifestyle modifications, exercise, and cessation of smoking are being investigated to study their effect on reducing serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. This review article discusses the role of Hs-CRP and its isoforms in the pathogenesis of various disease conditions, factors affecting its serum concentration, its prognostic value, and its comparison with other risk factors. Further, its clinical significance in chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the nervous system and other common non-communicable diseases, including recent advances in the management of various diseases, has also been discussed.
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Wang G, Song A, Bae M, Wang QA. Adipose Tissue Plasticity in Aging. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4119-4132. [PMID: 36214190 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As a dynamic endocrine organ, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores lipids and plays a critical role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. A large group of the population over 65 years old suffer from increased WAT mass, especially in the visceral location. Visceral adiposity accelerates aging through promoting age-associated chronic conditions, significantly shortening life expectancy. Unlike WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions as an effective energy sink that burns and disposes of excess lipids and glucose upon activation of thermogenesis. Unfortunately, the thermogenic activity of BAT declines during aging. New appreciation of cellular and functional remodeling of WAT and BAT during aging has emerged in recent years. Efforts are underway to explore the potential underlying mechanisms behind these age-associated alterations in WAT and BAT and the impact of these alterations on whole-body metabolism. Lastly, it is intriguing to translate our knowledge obtained from animal models to the clinic to prevent and treat age-associated metabolic disorders. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 4119-4132, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marie Bae
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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22
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BALA MM, BALA KA, PEKER G, ÜNSAL SŞ, GÜRLER M. Relationship between bone mineral density and biochemical parameters in obese children and adolescents. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kargarfard M, Nobari H, Kamyar K, Zadeh AK, Oliveira R. Effects of 12-week moderate aerobic exercise on ROCK2 activity, hs-CRP and glycemic index in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113976. [PMID: 36183850 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that is related to prediabetes, increased Rhoassociated kinase 2 (ROCK2) activity and concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate aerobic exercise on ROCK2 activity, hs-CRP, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and glycemic index in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS In a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test, 42 obese men with prediabetes [mean±SD, age: 44.73 ± 3.30 years, body mass index (BMI): 33.22 ± 2.05 kg/m2, HbA1c: 6.29 % ± 0.75] were allocated into two randomized homogeneous groups: Aerobic training group (AT, n=22) or control group (C, n=20). Exercise group performed a moderate aerobic exercise program three sessions per week, 60 minutes per session for 12 weeks. Body mass, BMI, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B); HbA1c, hs-CRP, or ROCK2 activity were measured before and after the study period. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA 2×2 and paired sample t test at a significant level of p < 0.05. RESULTS AT caused a significant reduction in body mass (p≤ 0.001), BMI (p= 0.04), HOMA-B (p=0.003), serum levels of FBG (p= 0.002), HbA1c (p= 0.039), hs-CRP (p≤ 0.0001), and ROCK2 activity (p= 0.001). In contrast, in the same group, a significant increase was observed in VO2max (p= 0.04). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that moderate aerobic exercise was an effective and safe method to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in obese men with prediabetes by improving glucose metabolism, reduction of body mass, ROCK2 activity and serum levels of hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran; Department of motor performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania, University of Braşov, 500068 Braşov, Romania; Department of Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Kian Kamyar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Khosravi Zadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.
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24
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Chen Y, He LX, Chen JL, Xu X, Wang JJ, Zhan XH, Jiao JW, Dong G, Li EM, Xu LY. L2Δ13, a splicing isoform of lysyl oxidase-like 2, causes adipose tissue loss via the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. iScience 2022; 25:104894. [PMID: 36060061 PMCID: PMC9436769 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is primarily characterized by the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Here, we found that the body weight of transgenic mice overexpressing L2Δ13, a selectively spliced isoform of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), was lower than that of wild-type (WT) mice. Numerous microbiotas were significantly changed and most microbial metabolites were abnormal in L2Δ13 mice. Lipid metabolites in feces were negatively correlated with those in plasma, suggesting that L2Δ13 may affect lipid uptake, and potentially, adipose tissue homeostasis. This was supported by the weight loss and decreased area of adipose tissue in L2Δ13 mice. Adipogenic differentiation of primary stromal vascular fraction cells showed that the lipid droplets of L2Δ13 cells were significantly smaller than those of WT cells. Adipocyte differentiation-associated genes were also downregulated in adipose tissue from L2Δ13 mice. Thus, L2Δ13 can induce adipose tissue loss in mice by affecting gut microbiota homeostasis and multi-tissue lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xia He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Hui Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Wei Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
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25
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Peanut Shell Extract and Luteolin Regulate Lipid Metabolism and Induce Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172696. [PMID: 36076880 PMCID: PMC9455591 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut shells are agricultural waste products that require utilization. The freeze-dried ethanolic peanut shell extract (PSE) contained 10.01 ± 0.55 mg/g of luteolin (LUT) with a total polyphenol content of 18.11 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g. Thus, LUT is one of the major polyphenolic components in PSE. Although PSE displays antibacterial and neurotrophic activities, minimal research is available addressing its potential role in lipid metabolism. This study investigated the role of PSE in terms of inhibiting adipogenesis, accelerating lipolysis, and promoting lipid browning using the 3T3-L1 cell line. Without affecting cell viability, high concentrations of PSE and LUT prevented adipogenesis by reducing the mRNA levels of C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1-c, and increasing the protein levels of pACC and pAMPK. Moreover, PSE and LUT induced lipolysis by activating lipolytic proteins, and enhanced the protein expressions of the brown adipocyte-specific markers, UCP1, PGC-1α, and SIRT1 in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Increased mitochondrial biosynthesis provided additional evidence in favor of these findings. Due to their anti-obesity properties, it is proposed that PSE and LUT could be used as potential dietary supplements.
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26
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Sekine T, Tsuchiya K, Uchinuma H, Horiuchi S, Kushima M, Otawa S, Yokomichi H, Miyake K, Akiyama Y, Ooka T, Kojima R, Shinohara R, Yamagata Z. Association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in 8-year-old children: The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1444-1447. [PMID: 35348295 PMCID: PMC9340882 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy-related complications; it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorders in offspring, consistent with the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease. This cohort study of women without diabetes (n = 761), who were part of the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study, aimed to explore the associations between maternal GDM and their offspring's level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a biomarker of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. We analyzed the associations between GDM and the offspring's hsCRP levels using a multiple logistic regression model. A mother with GDM significantly increased the risk for high hsCRP level by 4.07-fold (≥2.0 mg/L) in the child. As such, maternal GDM was significantly associated with increased serum hsCRP levels in 8-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Sekine
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and EngineeringUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and EngineeringUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchinuma
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and EngineeringUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort StudiesUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Megumi Kushima
- Center for Birth Cohort StudiesUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Sanae Otawa
- Center for Birth Cohort StudiesUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yokomichi
- Department of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Yuka Akiyama
- Department of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Tadao Ooka
- Department of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Reiji Kojima
- Department of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort StudiesUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Center for Birth Cohort StudiesUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
- Department of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiChuo CityJapan
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27
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Chakarov S, Blériot C, Ginhoux F. Role of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity-related disorders. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213212. [PMID: 35543703 PMCID: PMC9098652 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has led researchers and clinicians to reconsider the etiology of this disease and precisely decipher its molecular mechanisms. The excessive accumulation of fat by cells, most notably adipocytes, which play a key role in this process, has many repercussions in tissue physiology. Herein, we focus on how macrophages, immune cells well known for their tissue gatekeeping functions, assume fundamental, yet ill-defined, roles in the genesis and development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. We first discuss the determinants of the biology of these cells before introducing the specifics of the adipose tissue environment, while highlighting its heterogeneity. Finally, we detail how obesity transforms both adipose tissue and local macrophage populations. Understanding macrophage diversity and their cross talk with the diverse cell types constituting the adipose tissue environment will allow us to frame the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Chakarov
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Camille Blériot
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Batiment de Médecine Moléculaire, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institut Gustave Roussy, Batiment de Médecine Moléculaire, Villejuif, France.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Alyahya AM. The role of progranulin in ischemic heart disease and its related risk factors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Brown AR, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM, Melnyk SB, Heard-Lipsmeyer ME, Montales MTE, Habenicht D, Van TT, Simmen FA. Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)-Promoting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071737. [PMID: 35406507 PMCID: PMC8996893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined, in mice, the effects of Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) knockout on: adiposity, hepatic and systemic oxidative stress, and hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory and NOX/DUOX family genes, in a high-fat diet (HFD) context. Male and female Klf9+/+ (wild type, WT) and Klf9-/- (knockout, KO) mice were fed HFD (beginning at age 35 days) for 12 weeks, after which liver and adipose tissues were obtained, and serum adiponectin and leptin levels, liver fat content, and markers of oxidative stress evaluated. Klf9-/- mice of either sex did not exhibit significant alterations in weight gain, adipocyte size, adipokine levels, or liver fat content when compared to WT counterparts. However, Klf9-/- mice of both sexes had increased liver weight/size (hepatomegaly). This was accompanied by increased hepatic oxidative stress as indicated by decreased GSH/GSSG ratio and increased homocysteine, 3-nitrotyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 4HNE content. Decreased GSH to GSSG ratio and a trend toward increased homocysteine levels were observed in the corresponding Klf9-/- mouse serum. Gene expression analysis showed a heightened pro-inflammatory state in livers from Klf9-/- mice. KLF9 suppresses hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation, thus identifying potential mechanisms for KLF9 suppression of HCC and perhaps cancers of other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Brown
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Rosalia C. M. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Stepan B. Melnyk
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
| | - Melissa E. Heard-Lipsmeyer
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Maria Theresa E. Montales
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Daniel Habenicht
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Trang T. Van
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Frank A. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-686-8128
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30
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Wei J, Tian J, Tang C, Fang X, Miao R, Wu H, Wang X, Tong X. The Influence of Different Types of Diabetes on Vascular Complications. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:3448618. [PMID: 35242879 PMCID: PMC8888068 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3448618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The final outcome of diabetes is chronic complications, of which vascular complications are the most serious, which is the main cause of death for diabetic patients and the direct cause of the increase in the cost of diabetes. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the main types of diabetes, and their pathogenesis is completely different. Type 1 diabetes is caused by genetics and immunity to destroy a large number of β cells, and insulin secretion is absolutely insufficient, which is more prone to microvascular complications. Type 2 diabetes is dominated by insulin resistance, leading to atherosclerosis, which is more likely to progress to macrovascular complications. This article explores the pathogenesis of two types of diabetes, analyzes the pathogenesis of different vascular complications, and tries to explain the different trends in the progression of different types of diabetes to vascular complications, in order to better prevent diabetes and its vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Wei
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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31
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Hu RD, Zhang W, Li L, Zuo ZQ, Ma M, Ma JF, Yin TT, Gao CY, Yang SH, Zhao ZB, Li ZJ, Qiao GB, Lian ZX, Qu K. Chromatin accessibility analysis identifies the transcription factor ETV5 as a suppressor of adipose tissue macrophage activation in obesity. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1023. [PMID: 34716308 PMCID: PMC8556336 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) contributes to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. However, the transcriptional regulatory machinery involved in ATM activation during the development of obesity is not fully understood. Here, we profiled the chromatin accessibility of blood monocytes and ATMs from obese and lean mice using assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq). We found that monocytes and ATMs from obese and lean mice exhibited distinct chromatin accessibility status. There are distinct regulatory elements that are specifically associated with monocyte or ATM activation in obesity. We also discovered several transcription factors that may regulate monocyte and ATM activation in obese mice, specifically a predicted transcription factor named ETS translocation variant 5 (ETV5). The expression of ETV5 was significantly decreased in ATMs from obese mice and its downregulation was mediated by palmitate stimulation. The decrease in ETV5 expression resulted in macrophage activation. Our results also indicate that ETV5 suppresses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Il6 expression in macrophages. Our work delineates the changes in chromatin accessibility in monocytes and ATMs during obesity, and identifies ETV5 as a critical transcription factor suppressing ATM activation, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic target in obesity-related chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Dong Hu
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Li
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zu-Qi Zuo
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Ma
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Fen Ma
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai-Yue Gao
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Han Yang
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Concord Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gui-Bin Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kun Qu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Wang Q, Zhang P, Cakir I, Mi L, Cone RD, Lin JD. Deletion of the Feeding-Induced Hepatokine TSK Ameliorates the Melanocortin Obesity Syndrome. Diabetes 2021; 70:2081-2091. [PMID: 34183373 PMCID: PMC8576423 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Work in recent decades has established that metabolic hormones released by endocrine cells and diverse other cell types serve to regulate nutrient intake and energy homeostasis. Tsukushi (TSK) is a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein secreted primarily by the liver that exerts an inhibitory effect on brown fat sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis. Despite this, physiological regulation of TSK and the mechanisms underlying its effects on energy balance remain poorly understood. Here we show that hepatic expression and plasma concentrations of TSK are induced by feeding and regulated by melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling. We generated TSK and MC4R-double-knockout mice to elucidate the nature of cross talk between TSK and the central regulatory circuit of energy balance. Remarkably, TSK inactivation restores energy balance, ameliorates hyperphagia, and improves metabolic health in MC4R-deficient mice. TSK ablation enhances thermogenic gene expression in brown fat, dampens obesity-association inflammation in the liver and adipose tissue, and protects MC4R-null mice from diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. At the cellular level, TSK deficiency augments feeding-induced c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results illustrate physiological cross talk between TSK and the central regulatory circuit in maintaining energy balance and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peng Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Isin Cakir
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular & Integrated Physiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lin Mi
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular & Integrated Physiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Khounsaknalath S, Etoh K, Sakuma K, Saito K, Saito A, Abe T, Ebara F, Sugiyama T, Kobayashi E, Gotoh T. Effects of early high nutrition related to metabolic imprinting events on growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of grass-fed Wagyu (Japanese Black cattle). J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6273774. [PMID: 33974688 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to clarify how early high plane of nutrition related to metabolic imprinting affected growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of grass-fed Wagyu (Japanese Black cattle). Wagyu steers were allocated randomly into 2 dietary groups: (1) steers fed milk replacer (crude protein 26.0%, crude fat 25.5%; maximum intake 0.6 kg/d) until 3 mo of age and then fed roughage (orchard grass hay) ad libitum from 4 to 10 mo of age (roughage group, RG; n = 11); (2) steers fed milk replacer (maximum intake of 1.8 kg/d) until 3 mo of age and then fed a high-concentrate diet from 4 to 10 mo of age (early high nutrition, EHN; n = 12). After 11 mo of age, all steers were fed roughage ad libitum until 31 mo of age and then slaughtered. Growth performance, carcass traits, longissimus muscle (LM) meat quality and intramuscular fat (IMF) content, plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentration, and bone mineral density were measured. Body weight was greater in EHN steers (571 kg) than RG steers (520 kg; P < 0.01). Plasma IGF-I levels were higher in EHN steers than in RG steers at 3, 10, and 14 mo of age (P < 0.01, P < 0.005, P < 0.001, respectively); however, plasma IGF-I levels were lower in EHN steers compared with RG steers at 30 mo of age (P < 0.01). The total weight of the muscles and bones of the left half of the carcass was not different between the 2 groups (P = 0.065). Five of the 19 muscles investigated (semimembranosus, P = 0.036; infraspinatus, P = 0.024; supraspinatus, P = 0.0019; serratus ventralis cervicis, P = 0.032; serratus ventralis thoracis, P = 0.027) were heavier in EHN steers. Total fat weight in the left half of the carcass was 30% greater (P = 0.025) in HNE carcasses. Subcutaneous and perirenal fat weights were 53% and 84% greater (P = 0.008, P = 0.002, respectively) in EHN carcasses. The LM IMF content was greater in EHN loins (13.2%) compared with RG loins (9.4%) at 31 mo of age (P = 0.038); however, no differences were found for shear force, tenderness, and cook loss. These results suggested early high-nutrition affected the growth and meat quality of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kotaro Etoh
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Taketa, Oita 878-0201, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakuma
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo-mura, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Saito
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo-mura, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Abe
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo-mura, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Fumio Ebara
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Taketa, Oita 878-0201, Japan
| | - Toshie Sugiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo-mura, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Taketa, Oita 878-0201, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 899-0065, Japan
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Romero-Nava R, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Giacoman-Martínez A, Blancas-Flores G, Aguayo-Cerón KA, Ballinas-Verdugo MA, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Huang F, Villafaña-Rauda S, Almanza-Pérez JC. Glycine is a competitive antagonist of the TNF receptor mediating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:605-618. [PMID: 33877377 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the involvement of TNF-α and glycine receptors in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory adipokines in 3T3-L1 cells. METHODS RT-PCR evidenced glycine receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were transfected with siRNA for the glycine (Glrb) and TNF1a (Tnfrsf1a) receptors and confirmed by confocal microscopy. Transfected cells were treated with glycine (10 mM). The expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were measured by qRT-PCR, while concentrations were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Glycine decreased the expression and concentration of TNF-α and IL-6; this effect did not occur in the absence of TNF-α receptor due to siRNA. In contrast, glycine produced only slight changes in the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the absence of the glycine receptor due to siRNA. A docking analysis confirmed the possibility of binding glycine to the TNF-α1a receptor. CONCLUSION These findings support the idea that glycine could partially inhibit the binding of TNF-α to its receptor and provide clues about the mechanisms by which glycine inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines in adipocytes through the TNF-α receptor.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adiponectin/genetics
- Animals
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Glycine/pharmacology
- Mice
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Glycine/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Sección de Posgrado, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla A Aguayo-Cerón
- Sección de Posgrado, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha A Ballinas-Verdugo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (Ignacio Chávez), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (Ignacio Chávez), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Villafaña-Rauda
- Sección de Posgrado, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Lin SC, Wu TJ, Wu DA, Hsu BG. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with aortic stiffness in nondialysis diabetic patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease. Vascular 2021; 30:384-391. [PMID: 33866881 DOI: 10.1177/17085381211007602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Albuminuria and serum adiponectin levels are factors that have been associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Here we investigated the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and aortic stiffness in nondialysis diabetic kidney disease patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease. METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 80 nondialysis diabetic kidney disease patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured using applanation tonometry; cfPWV values of >10 m/s were defined as aortic stiffness. Serum adiponectin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Forty-two patients (52.5%) with nondialysis diabetic kidney disease were diagnosed with aortic stiffness. The patients in this group were older (p = 0.011), had higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratios (p = 0.013), included fewer females (p = 0.024), and had lower serum adiponectin (p = 0.001) levels than those in the control group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that serum adiponectin was independently associated with aortic stiffness (odds ratio = 0.930, 95% confidence interval: 0.884-0.978, p = 0.005) and also positively correlated with cfPWV values by multivariable linear regression (β = -0.309, p = 0.002) in nondialysis diabetic kidney disease patients. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that serum adiponectin levels could be used to predict aortic stiffness in nondialysis diabetic kidney disease patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Chin Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien.,Department of Nursing, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien
| | - Tsung-Jui Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien
| | - Du-An Wu
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien.,Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien
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Salman MA, El-Ghobary M, Soliman A, El Sherbiny M, Abouelregal TE, Albitar A, Abdallah A, Mikhail HMS, Nafea MA, Sultan AAEA, Elshafey HE, Shaaban HED, Azzam A, GabAllah GMK, Salman AA. Long-Term Changes in Leptin, Chemerin, and Ghrelin Levels Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2021; 30:1052-1060. [PMID: 31713147 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Published reports showed conflicting results regarding the sustained alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin concenratios after metabolic surgery. Therefore, we performed the present work to contrast the alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin levels one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS The present research is a prospective, comparative one that followed 100 cases for whom RYGB or LSG was done. We assessed the serum values of adiposity-associated mediators, including adipokcytokines (leptin and active chemerin) and gastrointestinal hormones (total ghrelin). The primary outcome in the present study was the alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin values at 12 months after RYGB and LSG. RESULTS The serum leptin level decreased significantly in the LSG group with a mean change of - 170.8 ± 29.4 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Similarly, the serum leptin concentration decreased significantly in the RYGB group, with a mean change of - 165.42 ± 53.4 (p < 0.001). In addition, the mean reduction in baseline chemerin levels 12 months after the operation was considerable in the LSG cohort (- 23.24 ± 9.5 ng/mL) and RYGB group (- 22.12 ± 15.9 ng/mL). The ghrelin values demonstrated a notable reduction in the LSG cohort (- 0.083 ± 0.11 pg/mL) and RYGB group (- 0.068 ± 0.097 pg/mL). However, the changes in the three hormones were not substantially different between both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Both RYGB and LSG result in a considerable, comparable decrease in the postoperative serum concentrations of leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed El-Ghobary
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El Sherbiny
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Amr Albitar
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdallah
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11311, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed A Nafea
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hossam E Elshafey
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman Azzam
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Ghada M K GabAllah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
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Chen Y, Hu W, Li Q, Zhao S, Zhao D, Zhang S, Wei Z, Yang X, Chen Y, Li X, Liao C, Han J, Miao QR, Duan Y. NGBR is required to ameliorate type 2 diabetes in mice by enhancing insulin sensitivity. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100624. [PMID: 33812996 PMCID: PMC8111265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction of insulin resistance or improvement of insulin sensitivity is the most effective treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously reported that Nogo-B receptor (NGBR), encoded by the NUS1 gene, is required for attenuating hepatic lipogenesis by blocking nuclear translocation of liver X receptor alpha, suggesting its important role in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. Herein, we demonstrate that NGBR expression was decreased in the liver of obesity-associated T2D patients and db/db mice. NGBR knockout in mouse hepatocytes resulted in increased blood glucose, insulin resistance, and beta-cell loss. High-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice presented the T2D phenotype by showing increased nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride (TG) in the liver and plasma and increased insulin resistance and beta-cell loss. AAV-mediated NGBR overexpression in the liver reduced NEFA and TG in the liver and circulation and improved liver functions. Consequently, HFD/STZ-treated mice with hepatic NGBR overexpression had increased insulin sensitivity and reduced beta-cell loss. Mechanistically, NGBR overexpression restored insulin signaling of AMPKα1-dependent phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β. NGBR overexpression also reduced expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated genes in the liver and skeletal muscle to improve insulin sensitivity. Together, our results reveal that NGBR is required to ameliorate T2D in mice, providing new insight into the role of hepatic NGBR in insulin sensitivity and T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wenquan Hu
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Wei
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Robert Miao
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA.
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Jachthuber Trub C, Balikcioglu M, Freemark M, Bain J, Muehlbauer M, Ilkayeva O, White PJ, Armstrong S, Østbye T, Grambow S, Gumus Balikcioglu P. Impact of lifestyle Intervention on branched-chain amino acid catabolism and insulin sensitivity in adolescents with obesity. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 4:e00250. [PMID: 34277974 PMCID: PMC8279626 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity associates with a sex‐dependent metabolic ‘signature’ comprising branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamate and C3/C5 acylcarnitines (C3/C5), implicating altered flux through BCAA catabolic pathways. Here, we investigated the effects of lifestyle intervention on BCAA catabolism and insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized (1) weight reduction and improved insulin sensitivity associate with enhanced BCAA catabolism; (2) baseline BCAAs and their metabolic by‐products predict changes in weight and insulin sensitivity during lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - James Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- Division of General Pediatrics Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Truls Østbye
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Steven Grambow
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
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Tan Q, Jiang A, Li W, Song C, Leng H. Metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis: Possible mechanisms and management strategies. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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40
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Callaghan MA, Alatorre-Hinojosa S, Connors LT, Singh RD, Thompson JA. Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:626448. [PMID: 33716730 PMCID: PMC7947604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.626448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, the production of plastics has increased 200-fold, reaching 360 million tonnes in 2019. Plasticizers, additives that modify the flexibility and rigidity of the product, are ingested as they migrate into food and beverages. Human exposure is continuous and widespread; between 75 and 97% of urine samples contain detectable levels of bisphenols and phthalates, the most common plasticizers. Concern over the toxicity of plasticizers arose in the late 1990s, largely focused around adverse developmental and reproductive effects. More recently, many studies have demonstrated that exposure to plasticizers increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the 2000s, many governments including Canada, the United States and European countries restricted the use of certain plasticizers in products targeted towards infants and children. Resultant consumer pressure motivated manufacturers to substitute plasticizers with analogues, which have been marketed as safe. However, data on the effects of these new substitutes are limited and data available to-date suggest that many exhibit similar properties to the chemicals they replaced. The adverse effects of plasticizers have largely been attributed to their endocrine disrupting properties, which modulate hormone signaling. Adipose tissue has been well-documented to be a target of the disrupting effects of both bisphenols and phthalates. Since adipose tissue function is a key determinant of cardiovascular health, adverse effects of plasticizers on adipocyte signaling and function may underlie their link to cardiovascular disease. Herein, we discuss the current evidence linking bisphenols and phthalates to obesity and CVD and consider how documented impacts of these plasticizers on adipocyte function may contribute to the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyla A Callaghan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Liam T Connors
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Radha D Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Health Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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41
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Cao J, Ding K, Pan G, Rosario R, Su Y, Bao Y, Zhou H, Xu J, McGee Lawrence ME, Hamrick MW, Isales CM, Shi X. Deletion of PPARγ in Mesenchymal Lineage Cells Protects Against Aging-Induced Cortical Bone Loss in Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:826-834. [PMID: 32060555 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss in aging is linked with chronic low-grade inflammation and the accumulation of marrowfat in animals and humans. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), an adipogenic regulator, plays key roles in these biological processes. However, studies of the roles of PPARγ in age-related bone loss and inflammation are lacking. We hypothesized that deletion of PPARγ in bone marrow mesenchymal lineage cells would reduce bone loss with aging, potentially through a reduction in fat-generated inflammatory responses and an increase in osteoblastic activity. In the present study, we show that mice deficient of PPARγ in Dermo1-expressing mesenchymal lineage cells (Dermo1-Cre:PPARγ fl/fl) have reduced fat mass and increased cortical bone thickness but that deficiency of PPARγ had limited effect on protection of trabecular bone with aging as demonstrated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, µCT, and histomorphometric analyses. Conditional knockout of PPARγ reduced serum concentrations of adipokines, including adiponectin, resistin, and leptin, and reduced marrow stromal cell expression levels of inflammation-related genes. Inflammation genes involved in the interferon signaling pathway were reduced the most. These results demonstrate that disruption of the master adipogenic regulator, PPARγ, has a certain protective effect on aging-induced bone loss, suggesting that regulation of adipose function and modulation of interferon signaling are among the key mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates bone homeostasis during aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Cao
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Kehong Ding
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Guodong Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Raysa Rosario
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Yun Su
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Yonggang Bao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Jianru Xu
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Meghan E McGee Lawrence
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Xingming Shi
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
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42
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The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010090. [PMID: 33440724 PMCID: PMC7826519 DOI: 10.3390/v13010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric symptomology seen in early-stage severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-2003 and COVID-19 is evidence of virus replication occurring in the intestine, liver and pancreas. Aberrant lipid metabolism in morbidly obese individuals adversely affects the COVID-19 immune response and increases disease severity. Such observations are in line with the importance of lipid metabolism in COVID-19, and point to the gut as a site for intervention as well as a therapeutic target in treating the disease. Formation of complex lipid membranes and palmitoylation of coronavirus proteins are essential during viral replication and assembly. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and restoration of lipid catabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) impede replication of coronaviruses closely related to SARS-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2). In vitro findings and clinical data reveal that the FASN inhibitor, orlistat, and the AMPK activator, metformin, may inhibit coronavirus replication and reduce systemic inflammation to restore immune homeostasis. Such observations, along with the known mechanisms of action for these types of drugs, suggest that targeting fatty acid lipid metabolism could directly inhibit virus replication while positively impacting the patient's response to COVID-19.
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Muratsu J, Kamide K, Fujimoto T, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Taniyama Y, Morishima A, Sakaguchi K, Matsuzawa Y, Rakugi H. The Combination of High Levels of Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance Are Affected by Aging in Non-Obese Old Peoples. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:805244. [PMID: 35069451 PMCID: PMC8777034 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.805244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokine dysregulation is a key feature of insulin resistance and a metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. Low adiponectin levels are associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, high adiponectin levels have also been associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly. This adiponectin paradox has yet to be clarified, which has hindered our understanding of the biological role of adiponectin. Adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance are also associated with energy-deprivation conditions, such as frailty in old age. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) classified by age. In particular, we sought to determine the factors of the subjects associated with both high adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR (H-adiponectin/H-HOMA) and high adiponectin levels and low HOMA-IR (H-adiponectin/L-HOMA). METHODS The eligible subjects in this cross-sectional study were 33,216 individuals who had undergone health checkups at the Physical Checkup Center of Sumitomo Hospital between April 2008 and December 2018. After excluding 26,371 individuals who were under 60 years old, 529 who had been taking medications for diabetes mellitus, and 690 with missing data, the present study included 5,673 (3,467 males, 2,206 females) subjects with no missing data. The relationship between serum adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted by clinically relevant factors. RESULTS In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age and low BMI were shown to positively correlate with the characteristics of H-adiponectin/H-HOMA. In females, systolic blood pressure was also shown to be an associated factor. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study showed that aging or a low BMI may contribute to high adiponectin levels and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Muratsu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano City, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jun Muratsu,
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of General and Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Morishima
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Matsuzawa
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Kerget B, Kerget F, Kahraman ÇY, Aksakal A, Araz Ö. The relationship between NLRP3 rs10159239 and Vaspin rs2236242 gene variants and obstructive sleep apnea. Ups J Med Sci 2021; 126:7603. [PMID: 34349888 PMCID: PMC8276347 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v126.7603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), recurrent upper airway obstruction and apnea/hypopnea episodes result in endothelial dysfunction, which leads to the release of many proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induces NLRP3, a protein involved in the synthesis of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18; vaspin is a serine protease inhibitor that has an important role in suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of NLRP3 rs10159239 (rs9239) and vaspin rs2236242 (rs6242) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on OSA development. METHODS This study included 220 individuals who underwent polysomnography (118 patients with OSA and 102 healthy controls). NLRP3 rs9239 and vaspin rs6242 mutation frequencies were analyzed. RESULTS The NLRP3 rs9239 SNP genotype analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the OSA and control groups. In the vaspin gene analysis, the rs6242 AA genotype was significantly more frequent in the OSA group compared with the control group, while the AT genotype was more frequent in controls (P = 0.004, P = 0.02). Comparison of rs6242 allele levels showed that the A allele was significantly more frequent in OSA patients than in controls (P = 0.03). The AA genotype was significantly more frequent in patients with severe OSA than in patients with mild or moderate OSA and the control group (P = 0.001 for all). Serum vaspin levels were significantly lower in carriers of the AA genotype than those with AT and TT genotypes (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The vaspin rs6242 SNP AA genotype increased susceptibility to OSA, while the AT genotype appeared to be protective. The lower plasma vaspin levels in OSA compared with the control group and in patients with the AA genotype suggest that vaspin may be a protective biomarker for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buğra Kerget
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
- CONTACT Buğra Kerget
| | - Ferhan Kerget
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Yüce Kahraman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alperen Aksakal
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ömer Araz
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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45
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The Influence of Physical Activity on the Bioactive Lipids Metabolism in Obesity-Induced Muscle Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121665. [PMID: 33322719 PMCID: PMC7764345 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet consumption and lack of physical activity are important risk factors for metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is a state of a weakened response of tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver to insulin, which causes an increase in blood glucose levels. This condition is the result of inhibition of the intracellular insulin signaling pathway. Skeletal muscle is an important insulin-sensitive tissue that accounts for about 80% of insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Although the exact mechanism by which insulin resistance is induced has not been thoroughly understood, it is known that insulin resistance is most commonly associated with obesity. Therefore, it is believed that lipids may play an important role in inducing insulin resistance. Among lipids, researchers’ attention is mainly focused on biologically active lipids: diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides. These lipids are able to regulate the activity of intracellular enzymes, including those involved in insulin signaling. Available data indicate that physical activity affects lipid metabolism and has a positive effect on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles. In this review, we have presented the current state of knowledge about the impact of physical activity on insulin resistance and metabolism of biologically active lipids.
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46
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Vahdat S. Vitamin D and Kidney Diseases: A Narrative Review. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 33815719 PMCID: PMC8000170 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_54_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (Vit. D) is among the most important elements of the human body that play pivotal roles in health and disease. It belongs to the fat-soluble secosteroid family, which is provided by either foods or direct exposure to sunlight that converts 7-hydroxycholesterol to the Vit. D precursor. An alternative step is bio-activation, which delivers an active form of Vit. D (Vit. D3), which participates in various noticeable functions including calcium regulation, bone remodeling, fertility, glucose control, and detoxification. The most recent literature is carefully reviewed (2049 articles) and the relative information was collected and discussed meticulously. Inclusion criteria were the articles that mentioned the relationship between Vit. D, adipokine, and kidney disease and exclusion criteria were nonrelevant articles. Vit. D plays several roles in the normal function of the kidney and metabolism. It has been revealed that Vit. D has a crucial impact on kidney disease and that its deficiency leads to kidney dysfunction and further renal disorder. Apart from the direct relationship of Vit. D with kidney disease, the association of adipocytes and adipokines with Vit. D and kidney function has also been studied. The noticeable role of Vit. D in kidney disease is investigated in various studies. It has been found that Vit. D has a pivotal role in kidney function and metabolism. Further study can reveal the better-detailed information about the exact relation of Vit. D and kidney disorders. The aim of the review was to provide a better insight into the exact role of Vit. D and adipokine in the kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Vahdat
- Department of Nephrology, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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47
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Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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48
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Vendramini THA, Macedo HT, Amaral AR, Rentas MF, Macegoza MV, Zafalon RVA, Pedrinelli V, Mesquita LG, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Pfrimer K, Pedreira RS, Nowosh V, Pontieri CFF, Massoco CDO, Brunetto MA. Gene expression of the immunoinflammatory and immunological status of obese dogs before and after weight loss. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238638. [PMID: 32966299 PMCID: PMC7510989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a low degree of chronic inflammation state that, along with metabolic modifications, promotes important changes in the animal's organism. Adipose tissue actively participates in inflammation and immunity, and several defense cells of the organism may, therefore, be involved in the diversity found between obese and ideal weight individuals. Studies regarding this subject have shown immune cell changes in humans and rats, however, the literature is scarce in relation to dogs. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the gene expression profile of immunoinflammatory response and the lymphoproliferation of obese dogs before and after weight loss. Eight female dogs, neutered, of different breeds, aged between 1 and 8 years (4.74±3.19), obese, with body condition score (BCS) of 9 out of a 9-point scale and body composition determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method were included. The obese dogs were enrolled in a weight loss program and after losing 20% of their initial weight became a second experimental group. A third experimental group consisted of eight female dogs, neutered, aged between 1 and 8 years (3.11±0.78) and with ideal BCS (5 out of a 9-point scale). Gene expression of immunoinflammatory cytokines (resistin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) was assessed by qRT-PCR and immunity was assessed by lymphoproliferative response using the flow cytometry technique. The data that presented normal distribution was evaluated by analysis of variance by the PROC MIXED of the SAS and when differences were detected, these were compared by the Tukey test. Regarding the gene expression data, the procedure PROC GLIMMIX was adopted and the methodology of generalized linear model was used, in which the Gama distribution proved to be adequate. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. The mean weight loss period of the animals included in the study was 194.25 ± 28.31 days and the mean weekly weight loss rate was 1.02 ± 0.82%. The average fat mass, both in percentage (P<0.001) and in kilograms (P = 0.012), was higher in the obese group (40.88%; 8.91kg), returning to normal and without difference between the control group (19.16%; 3.01kg) and after weight loss (22.10%; 4.11kg). The weight loss program resulted in an increase in percentage of lean body mass (P = 0.001), 55.50% in obese animals vs 77.90% in obese dogs after weight loss, the latter with no difference when compared to the control group (80.84%). The obese group presented increased gene expression of resistin and IL-8 in relation to the weight loss group (P = 0.002). In adiponectin, the obese group presented increased mRNA gene expression when compared to the weight loss group (P = 0.003). The evaluation of lymphocyte proliferation showed differences between the group of obese animals before and after weight loss (P = 0.004). Weight loss resulted in an increase in the lymphoproliferation rate (18.48%) compared to obese dogs at the beginning of the study (10.71%). These results indicate that weight loss modulates the immunoinflammatory response of obese dogs and may present important benefits to health and longevity of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Tobaro Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Vinícius Macegoza
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Garcia Mesquita
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Nowosh
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Teaching Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ozkan H, Yakan A. Dietary high calories from sunflower oil, sucrose and fructose sources alters lipogenic genes expression levels in liver and skeletal muscle in rats. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:715-724. [PMID: 31204236 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the underlying mechanism of PPARα, LXRα, ChREBP, and SREBP-1c at the level of gene and protein expression with high-energy diets in liver and skeletal muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolic changes with consumption of high fat (Hfat), high sucrose (Hsuc) and high fructose (Hfru) diets were assessed. Levels of mRNA and protein of PPARα, LXRα, ChREBP, and SREBP-1c were investigated. Body weight changes, histological structure of liver and plasma levels of some parameters were also examined. RESULTS In Hfru group, body weights were higher than other groups (P<0.05). In liver, LXRα levels of Hsuc and Hfru groups were upregulated as 1.87±0.30 (P<0.05) and 2.01±0.29 (P<0.01). SREBP-1c levels were upregulated as 4.52±1.25 (P<0.05); 4.05±1.11 (P<0.05) and 3.85±1.04 (P<0.05) in Hfat, Hsuc, and Hfru groups, respectively. In skeletal muscle, LXRα and SREBP-1c were upregulated as 1.77±0.30 (P<0.05) and 2.71±0.56 (P<0.05), in the Hfru group. Protein levels of ChREBP (33.92±8.84ng/mg protein (P<0.05)) and SREBP-1c (135.16±15.57ng/mg protein (P<0.001)) in liver were higher in Hfru group. In skeletal muscle, LXRα, ChREBP and SREBP-1c in Hfru group were 6.67±0.60, 7.11±1.29 and 43.17±6.37ng/mg, respectively (P<0.05; P<0.01; P<0.05). The rats in Hfru group had the most damaged livers. CONCLUSION Besides liver, fructose consumption significantly effects skeletal muscle and leads to weight gain, triggers lipogenesis and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Ozkan
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Akin Yakan
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
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50
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Exploring the Mediators that Promote Carotid Body Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Related Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155545. [PMID: 32756352 PMCID: PMC7432672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid bodies (CBs) are peripheral chemoreceptors that sense changes in blood O2, CO2, and pH levels. Apart from ventilatory control, these organs are deeply involved in the homeostatic regulation of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism and inflammation. It has been described that CB dysfunction is involved in the genesis of metabolic diseases and that CB overactivation is present in animal models of metabolic disease and in prediabetes patients. Additionally, resection of the CB-sensitive nerve, the carotid sinus nerve (CSN), or CB ablation in animals prevents and reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance as well as sympathoadrenal overactivity, meaning that the beneficial effects of decreasing CB activity on glucose homeostasis are modulated by target-related efferent sympathetic nerves, through a reflex initiated in the CBs. In agreement with our pre-clinical data, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which reduces CB activity, improves glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes patients. Insulin, leptin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines activate the CB. In this manuscript, we review in a concise manner the putative pathways linking CB chemoreceptor deregulation with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and discuss and present new data that highlight the roles of hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and chronic inflammation as major factors contributing to CB dysfunction in metabolic disorders.
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