1
|
Echeverría F, Gonzalez-Sanabria N, Alvarado-Sanchez R, Fernández M, Castillo K, Latorre R. Large conductance voltage-and calcium-activated K + (BK) channel in health and disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373507. [PMID: 38584598 PMCID: PMC10995336 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Large Conductance Voltage- and Calcium-activated K+ (BK) channels are transmembrane pore-forming proteins that regulate cell excitability and are also expressed in non-excitable cells. They play a role in regulating vascular tone, neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release, and muscle contraction. Dysfunction of the BK channel can lead to arterial hypertension, hearing disorders, epilepsy, and ataxia. Here, we provide an overview of BK channel functioning and the implications of its abnormal functioning in various diseases. Understanding the function of BK channels is crucial for comprehending the mechanisms involved in regulating vital physiological processes, both in normal and pathological conditions, controlled by BK. This understanding may lead to the development of therapeutic interventions to address BK channelopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Echeverría
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Naileth Gonzalez-Sanabria
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rosangelina Alvarado-Sanchez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Miguel Fernández
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karen Castillo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramon Latorre
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gan H, Lan H, Hu Z, Zhu B, Sun L, Jiang Y, Wu L, Liu J, Ding Z, Ye X. Triclosan induces earlier puberty onset in female mice via interfering with L-type calcium channels and activating Pik3cd. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115772. [PMID: 38043413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial chemical widely presents in people's daily lives. Epidemiological studies have revealed that TCS exposure may affect female puberty development. However, the developmental toxicity after low-dose TCS continuous exposure remains to be confirmed. In our study, 8-week-old ICR female mice were continuously exposed to TCS (30, 300, 3000 μg/kg/day) or vehicle (corn oil) from 2 weeks before mating to postnatal day 21 (PND 21) of F1 female mice, while F1 female mice were treated with TCS intragastric administration from PND 22 until PND 56. Vaginal opening (VO) observation, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis related hormones and genes detection, and ovarian transcriptome analysis were carried out to investigate the effects of TCS exposure on puberty onset. Meanwhile, human granulosa-like tumor cell lines (KGN cells) were exposed to TCS to further explore the biological mechanism of the ovary in vitro. The results showed that long-term exposure to low-dose TCS led to approximately a 3-day earlier puberty onset in F1 female mice. Moreover, TCS up-regulated the secretion of estradiol (E2) and the expression of ovarian steroidogenesis genes. Notably, ovarian transcriptomes analysis as well as bidirectional validation in KGN cells suggested that L-type calcium channels and Pik3cd were involved in TCS-induced up-regulation of ovarian-related hormones and genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that TCS interfered with L-type calcium channels and activated Pik3cd to up-regulate the expression of ovarian steroidogenesis and related genes, thereby inducing the earlier puberty onset in F1 female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Gan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huili Lan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqin Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixiang Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stringer JM, Alesi LR, Winship AL, Hutt KJ. Beyond apoptosis: evidence of other regulated cell death pathways in the ovary throughout development and life. Hum Reprod Update 2023; 29:434-456. [PMID: 36857094 PMCID: PMC10320496 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulated cell death is a fundamental component of numerous physiological processes; spanning from organogenesis in utero, to normal cell turnover during adulthood, as well as the elimination of infected or damaged cells throughout life. Quality control through regulation of cell death pathways is particularly important in the germline, which is responsible for the generation of offspring. Women are born with their entire supply of germ cells, housed in functional units known as follicles. Follicles contain an oocyte, as well as specialized somatic granulosa cells essential for oocyte survival. Follicle loss-via regulated cell death-occurs throughout follicle development and life, and can be accelerated following exposure to various environmental and lifestyle factors. It is thought that the elimination of damaged follicles is necessary to ensure that only the best quality oocytes are available for reproduction. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Understanding the precise factors involved in triggering and executing follicle death is crucial to uncovering how follicle endowment is initially determined, as well as how follicle number is maintained throughout puberty, reproductive life, and ovarian ageing in women. Apoptosis is established as essential for ovarian homeostasis at all stages of development and life. However, involvement of other cell death pathways in the ovary is less established. This review aims to summarize the most recent literature on cell death regulators in the ovary, with a particular focus on non-apoptotic pathways and their functions throughout the discrete stages of ovarian development and reproductive life. SEARCH METHODS Comprehensive literature searches were carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar for human, animal, and cellular studies published until August 2022 using the following search terms: oogenesis, follicle formation, follicle atresia, oocyte loss, oocyte apoptosis, regulated cell death in the ovary, non-apoptotic cell death in the ovary, premature ovarian insufficiency, primordial follicles, oocyte quality control, granulosa cell death, autophagy in the ovary, autophagy in oocytes, necroptosis in the ovary, necroptosis in oocytes, pyroptosis in the ovary, pyroptosis in oocytes, parthanatos in the ovary, and parthanatos in oocytes. OUTCOMES Numerous regulated cell death pathways operate in mammalian cells, including apoptosis, autophagic cell death, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. However, our understanding of the distinct cell death mediators in each ovarian cell type and follicle class across the different stages of life remains the source of ongoing investigation. Here, we highlight recent evidence for the contribution of non-apoptotic pathways to ovarian development and function. In particular, we discuss the involvement of autophagy during follicle formation and the role of autophagic cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and parthanatos during follicle atresia, particularly in response to physiological stressors (e.g. oxidative stress). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Improved knowledge of the roles of each regulated cell death pathway in the ovary is vital for understanding ovarian development, as well as maintenance of ovarian function throughout the lifespan. This information is pertinent not only to our understanding of endocrine health, reproductive health, and fertility in women but also to enable identification of novel fertility preservation targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Stringer
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren R Alesi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy L Winship
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karla J Hutt
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gan H, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding Z, Liu J, Ye X. Perinatal exposure to low doses of cypermethrin induce the puberty-related hormones and decrease the time to puberty in the female offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:2665-2675. [PMID: 35931855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are ubiquitously detected in environmental media, food, and urine samples. Our previous epidemiological study reported a correlation between increased pyrethroid exposure and delayed pubertal development in Chinese girls. In this study, we further investigated the effects of perinatal exposure to low doses of cypermethrin (CP) on pubertal onset and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in the female mice offspring. The treatment of CP with 60 μg/kg/day from gestation day 6 (GD6) to postnatal day 21 (PND21) significantly decreased the time to puberty in the female offspring. Exposure of CP increased the serum levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the expression of GnRH genes in a dose-dependent manner in the female offspring. CP also induced the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as the expression of gonadotropin subunit genes [LHβ, FSHβ, and chorionic gonadotropin α (Cgα)]. Furthermore, CP induced serum estradiol (E2) levels and the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes [steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and Cytochrome p 450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP11A1)] in the ovary. In accordance with the in vivo tests, administration of CP (6.7, 20, and 60 μg/L) stimulated a dose-dependent increase in the synthesis and secretion of the puberty-related hormones in the explants of hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. The interference with calcium channels in the ovary may be responsible for CP-induced pubertal onset. Our study provided evidence that perinatal exposure to low doses of CP induced puberty-related hormones and decreased the time to puberty in the female offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Gan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cuevas FC, Bastias D, Alanis C, Benitez A, Squicciarini V, Riquelme R, Sessenhausen P, Mayerhofer A, Lara HE. Muscarinic receptors in the rat ovary are involved in follicular development but not in steroid secretion. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15474. [PMID: 36325585 PMCID: PMC9630765 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) may be involved in the regulation of ovarian functions. A previous systemic study in rats showed that a 4-week, intrabursal local delivery of the ACh-esterase blocker Huperzine-A increased intraovarian ACh levels and changed ovarian follicular development, as evidenced by increased healthy antral follicle numbers and corpora lutea, as well as enhanced fertility. To further characterize the ovarian cholinergic system in the rat, we studied whether innervation may contribute to intraovarian ACh. We explored the cellular distribution of three muscarinic receptors (MRs; M1, M3, and M5), analyzed the involvement of MRs in ovarian steroidogenesis, and examined their roles in ovarian follicular development in normal conditions and in animals exposed to stressful conditions by employing the muscarinic antagonist, atropine. Denervation studies decreased ovarian norepinephrine, but ovarian ACh was not affected, evidencing a local, nonneuronal source of ACh. M1 was located on granulosa cells (GCs), especially in large antral follicles. M5 was associated with the ovarian vascular system and only traces of M3 were found. Ex vivo ovary organo-typic incubations showed that the MR agonist Carbachol did not modify steroid production or expression of steroid biosynthetic enzymes. Intrabursal, in vivo application of atropine (an MR antagonist) for 4 weeks, however, increased atresia of the secondary follicles. The results support the existence of an intraovarian cholinergic system in the rat ovary, located mainly in follicular GCs, which is not involved in steroid production but rather via MRs exerts trophic functions and regulates follicular atresia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Cuevas
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Bastias
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Alanis
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustin Benitez
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Squicciarini
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raul Riquelme
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pia Sessenhausen
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hernan E Lara
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Yang M, Lv D, Xie Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, He M, Liu H, Li F, Deng D. Effects of KCa channels on biological behavior of trophoblasts. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1043-1052. [PMID: 36118166 PMCID: PMC9441684 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-activated potassium (KCa) channels are involved in many cellular functions, but their roles in trophoblasts are unclear. This study aimed to clarify the effects of KCa channels on the biological behavior of trophoblasts. The localization and expression of the three types of KCa channels, including large-conductance KCa channels (BKCa), intermediate-conductance KCa channels (IKCa), and small-conductance KCa channels (SKCa), were detected in human chorionic villi taken from pregnant women between 5 and 8 weeks of gestation (n = 15) and HTR-8/SVneo cells. The effects of KCa channels on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells were examined by using the activators or inhibitors of KCa channels. Results showed that KCa channels were mainly localized on the membrane and in the cytoplasm of trophoblasts in human chorionic villi and HTR-8/SVneo cells. The proliferation and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells were inhibited by activating KCa channels. Apoptosis of trophoblasts was promoted through activating BKCa channels but was not affected by neither activating nor inhibiting IKCa and SKCa channels. This study substantiated the abovementioned biological roles of KCa channels in trophoblast cells, which is fundamental to further research on whether dysfunction of KCa channels is involved in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meitao Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengzhou He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyi Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongrui Deng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Linares R, Acuña XN, Rosas G, Vieyra E, Ramírez DA, Chaparro A, Espinoza JA, Domínguez R, Morales-Ledesma L. Participation of the Cholinergic System in the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Molecules 2021; 26:5506. [PMID: 34576975 PMCID: PMC8471679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induced by injection of estradiol valerate (EV), unilateral or bilateral section of the vagus nerve restores ovulatory function in 75% of animals, suggesting that the vagus nerve participates in the development of PCOS. Since the vagus nerve is a mixed nerve through which mainly cholinergic-type information passes, the objective of the present study was to analyze whether acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in the development of PCOS. Ten-day-old rats were injected with 2.0 mg EV, and at 60 days of age, they were microinjected on the day of diestrus in the bursa of the left or right ovary with 100 or 700 mg/kg of ovarian weight atropine, a blocker of muscarinic receptors, and sacrificed for histopathological examination after the surgery. Animals with PCOS microinjected with 100 mg of atropine showed a lack of ovulation, lower serum concentrations of progesterone and testosterone, and cysts. Histology of the ovaries of animals microinjected with 700 mg of atropine showed corpus luteum and follicles at different stages of development, which was accompanied by a lower concentration of progesterone and testosterone. These results allow us to suggest that in animals with PCOS, ACh, which passes through parasympathetic innervation, is an important component in the persistence and development of the pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Linares
- Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico; (R.L.); (X.N.A.); (G.R.); (E.V.); (A.C.); (J.A.E.)
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl N. Acuña
- Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico; (R.L.); (X.N.A.); (G.R.); (E.V.); (A.C.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico; (R.L.); (X.N.A.); (G.R.); (E.V.); (A.C.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Elizabeth Vieyra
- Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico; (R.L.); (X.N.A.); (G.R.); (E.V.); (A.C.); (J.A.E.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Cronobiología y Reproducción, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico;
| | - Deyra A. Ramírez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Campus III, UNAM, San Miguel Contla 90640, Mexico;
| | - Andrea Chaparro
- Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico; (R.L.); (X.N.A.); (G.R.); (E.V.); (A.C.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Julieta A. Espinoza
- Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico; (R.L.); (X.N.A.); (G.R.); (E.V.); (A.C.); (J.A.E.)
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Cronobiología y Reproducción, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico;
| | - Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, Mexico City 15000, Mexico; (R.L.); (X.N.A.); (G.R.); (E.V.); (A.C.); (J.A.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benzoni P, Bertoli G, Giannetti F, Piantoni C, Milanesi R, Pecchiari M, Barbuti A, Baruscotti M, Bucchi A. The funny current: Even funnier than 40 years ago. Uncanonical expression and roles of HCN/f channels all over the body. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 166:189-204. [PMID: 34400215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Discovered some 40 years ago, the If current has since been known as the "pacemaker" current due to its role in the initiation and modulation of the heartbeat and of neuronal excitability. But this is not all, the funny current keeps entertaining the researchers; indeed, several data discovering novel and uncanonical roles of f/HCN channel are quickly accumulating. In the present review, we provide an overview of the expression and cellular functions of HCN/f channels in a variety of systems/organs, and particularly in sour taste transduction, hormones secretion, activation of astrocytes and microglia, inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, renal ammonium excretion, and peristalsis in the gastrointestinal and urine systems. We also analyzed the role of HCN channels in sustaining cellular respiration in mitochondria and their participation to mitophagy under specific conditions. The relevance of HCN currents in undifferentiated cells, and specifically in the control of stem cell cycle and in bioelectrical signals driving left/right asymmetry during zygote development, is also considered. Finally, we present novel data concerning the expression of HCN mRNA in human leukocytes. We can thus conclude that the emerging evidence presented in this review clearly points to an increasing interest and importance of the "funny" current that goes beyond its role in cardiac sinoatrial and neuronal excitability regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Benzoni
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bertoli
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giannetti
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Piantoni
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy; Present Address: Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Raffaella Milanesi
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy; Present Address: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Matteo Pecchiari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Baruscotti
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bucchi
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
da Silva LFI, Da Broi MG, da Luz CM, da Silva LECM, Ferriani RA, Meola J, Navarro PA. miR-532-3p: a possible altered miRNA in cumulus cells of infertile women with advanced endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 42:579-588. [PMID: 33358886 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is the profile of microRNA (miRNA) altered in cumulus cells of infertile women with early (EI/II) and advanced (EIII/IV) endometriosis? DESIGN In this prospective case-control study, a miRNA profile including 754 targets was evaluated in samples of cumulus cells from infertile women with endometriosis (5 EI/II, 5 EIII/IV) and infertile controls (5, male and/or tubal factor) undergoing ovarian stimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, using TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA Cards A and B. The groups were compared with Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Benjamini-Hochberg correction and Dunn's post hoc test. An in silico enrichment analysis was performed to list the possibly altered pathways in which the altered miRNA target genes are involved. RESULTS Only the miRNA miR-532-3p showed significant differences among the analysed groups, being down-regulated in the EIII/IV group compared with the infertile control group, as well as compared with the EI/II group. The enrichment analysis showed that some genes regulated by this miRNA are involved in important pathways for the acquisition of oocyte competence, such as the oxytocin, calcium, Wnt, FoxO, ErbB and Ras signalling pathways, as well as the oocyte meiosis pathway. CONCLUSION The present findings bring new perspectives to understanding the follicular microenvironment of infertile women with different stages of endometriosis. It is suggested that the dysregulation of miR-532-3p may be a potential mechanism involved in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis-related infertility. Further studies are needed to evaluate these pathways in cumulus cells of infertile women with the disease, as well as their impact on the acquisition of oocyte competence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Fabio Isidoro da Silva
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Gomes Da Broi
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - USP, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health - CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Mantovani da Luz
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da Silva
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - USP, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health - CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Meola
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - USP, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health - CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Andrea Navarro
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - USP, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health - CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Role of potassium channels in female reproductive system. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2020; 63:565-576. [PMID: 32838485 PMCID: PMC7494774 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.20064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are widely expressed in most types of cells in living organisms and regulate the functions of a variety of organs, including kidneys, neurons, cardiovascular organs, and pancreas among others. However, the functional roles of potassium channels in the reproductive system is less understood. This mini-review provides information about the localization and functions of potassium channels in the female reproductive system. Five types of potassium channels, which include inward-rectifying (Kir), voltage-gated (Kv), calcium-activated (KCa), 2-pore domain (K2P), and rapidly-gating sodium-activated (Slo) potassium channels are expressed in the hypothalamus, ovaries, and uterus. Their functions include the regulation of hormone release and feedback by Kir6.1 and Kir6.2, which are expressed in the luteal granulosa cells and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons respectively, and regulate the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis and the production of progesterone. Both channels are regulated by subtypes of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), Kir6.1/SUR2B and Kir6.2/SUR1. Kv and Slo2.1 affect the transition from uterine quiescence in late pregnancy to the state of strong myometrial contractions in labor. Intermediate- and small-conductance KCa modulate the vasodilatation of the placental chorionic plate resistance arteries via the secretion of nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors. Treatment with specific channel activators and inhibitors provides information relevant for clinical use that could help alter the functions of the female reproductive system.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bagnjuk K, Stöckl JB, Fröhlich T, Arnold GJ, Behr R, Berg U, Berg D, Kunz L, Bishop C, Xu J, Mayerhofer A. Necroptosis in primate luteolysis: a role for ceramide. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:67. [PMID: 30774995 PMCID: PMC6370808 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ, yet molecular mechanisms resulting in its demise are not well known. The presence of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase pMLKL(T357/S358) in human and nonhuman primate CL samples (Macaca mulatta and Callithrix jacchus) implied that necroptosis of luteal cells may be involved. In M. mulatta CL, pMLKL positive staining became detectable only from the mid-late luteal phase onwards, pointing to necroptosis during regression of the CL. Cell death, including necroptosis, was previously observed in cultures of human luteal granulosa cells (GCs), an apt model for the study of the human CL. To explore mechanisms of necroptotic cell death in GCs during culture, we performed a proteomic analysis. The levels of 50 proteins were significantly altered after 5 days of culture. Interconnectivity analysis and immunocytochemistry implicated specifically the ceramide salvage pathway to be enhanced. M. mulatta CL transcriptome analysis indicated in vivo relevance. Perturbing endogenous ceramide generation by fumonisin B1 (FB1) and addition of soluble ceramide (C2-CER) yielded opposite actions on viability of GCs and therefore supported the significance of the ceramide pathway. Morphological changes indicated necrotic cell death in the C2-CER treated group. Studies with the pan caspase blocker zVAD-fmk or the necroptosis blocker necrosulfonamid (NSA) further supported that C2-CER induced necroptosis. Our data pinpoint necroptosis in a physiological process, namely CL regression. This raises the possibility that the primate CL could be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of necroptosis or by interaction with ceramide metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Bagnjuk
- 1Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Grosshaderner Strasse 9, Planegg, 82152 Germany
| | - Jan Bernd Stöckl
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 25, Munich, 81375 Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 25, Munich, 81375 Germany
| | - Georg Josef Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 25, Munich, 81375 Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- 3Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen, 37077 Germany
| | - Ulrike Berg
- A.R.T. Bogenhausen, Prinzregentenstrasse 69, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Dieter Berg
- A.R.T. Bogenhausen, Prinzregentenstrasse 69, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Lars Kunz
- Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, LMU, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, Planegg, 82152 Germany
| | - Cecily Bishop
- 6Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006 USA
| | - Jing Xu
- 6Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006 USA
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- 1Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Grosshaderner Strasse 9, Planegg, 82152 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bagnjuk K, Mayerhofer A. Human Luteinized Granulosa Cells-A Cellular Model for the Human Corpus Luteum. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:452. [PMID: 31338068 PMCID: PMC6629826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ovary, the corpus luteum (CL) forms a temporal structure. Luteinized mural granulosa cells (GCs), which stem from the ruptured follicle, are the main cells of the CL. They can be isolated from follicular fluid of woman undergoing in vitro fertilization. In culture, human GCs are viable for several days and produce progesterone, yet eventually steroid production stops and GCs with increasing time in culture undergo changes reminiscent of the ones observed during the demise of the CL in vivo. This short review summarizes the general use of human GCs as a model for the primate CL and some of the data from our lab, which indicate that viability, functionality, survival and death of GCs can be regulated by local signal molecules (e.g., oxytocin and PEDF) and the extracellular matrix (e.g., via the proteoglycan decorin). We further summarize studies, which identified autophagocytotic events in human GCs linked to the activation of an ion channel. More recent studies identified a form of regulated cell death, namely necroptosis. This form of cell death may, in addition to apoptosis, contribute to the demise of the human CL. We believe that human GCs are a unique window into the human CL. Studies employing these cells may lead to the identification of molecular events and novel targets, which may allow to interfere with CL functions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bahena-Alvarez D, Rincón-Heredia R, Millán-Aldaco D, Fiordelisio T, Hernández-Cruz A. Calcium signaling and expression of voltage-gated calcium channels in the mouse ovary throughout the estrous cycle†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:1018-1034. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bahena-Alvarez
- Departamento Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, D.F., México
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Unidad de Imagenología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, D.F. México
| | - Diana Millán-Aldaco
- Departamento Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, D.F., México
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, D.F., México
| | - Arturo Hernández-Cruz
- Departamento Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, D.F., México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, D.F., México
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heck AL, Crestani CC, Fernández-Guasti A, Larco DO, Mayerhofer A, Roselli CE. Neuropeptide and steroid hormone mediators of neuroendocrine regulation. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12599. [PMID: 29645316 PMCID: PMC6181757 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To maintain the health and well-being of all mammals, numerous aspects of physiology are controlled by neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms ultimately enable communication between neurones and glands throughout the body and are centrally mediated by neuropeptides and/or steroid hormones. A recent session at the International Workshop in Neuroendocrinology highlighted the essential roles of some of these neuropeptide and steroid hormone mediators in the neuroendocrine regulation of stress-, reproduction- and behaviour-related processes. Accordingly, the present review highlights topics presented in this session, including the role of the neuropeptides corticotrophin-releasing factor and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in stress and reproductive physiology, respectively. Additionally, it details an important role for gonadal sex steroids in the development of behavioural sex preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Heck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA 80523
| | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil 14800-903
| | | | | | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Planegg, Germany 82152
| | - Charles E. Roselli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA 97239-3098
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Du Y, Bagnjuk K, Lawson MS, Xu J, Mayerhofer A. Acetylcholine and necroptosis are players in follicular development in primates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6166. [PMID: 29670172 PMCID: PMC5906600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) in the ovary and its actions were linked to survival of human granulosa cells in vitro and improved fertility of rats in vivo. These effects were observed upon experimental blockage of the ACh-degrading enzyme (ACH esterase; ACHE), by Huperzine A. We now studied actions of Huperzine A in a three-dimensional culture of macaque follicles. Because a form of programmed necrotic cell death, necroptosis, was previously identified in human granulosa cells in vitro, we also studied actions of necrostatin-1 (necroptosis inhibitor). Blocking the breakdown of ACh by inhibiting ACHE, or interfering with necroptosis, did not improve the overall follicle survival, but promoted the growth of macaque follicles from the secondary to the small antral stage in vitro, which was correlated with oocyte development. The results from this translational model imply that ovarian function and fertility in primates may be improved by pharmacological interference with ACHE actions and necroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Du
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon, 97006, USA
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, No 156 Nankai Sanma Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Konstantin Bagnjuk
- BMC Munich, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Str. 9, D-82152, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maralee S Lawson
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon, 97006, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon, 97006, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- BMC Munich, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Str. 9, D-82152, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Itoh H, Berthet M, Fressart V, Denjoy I, Maugenre S, Klug D, Mizusawa Y, Makiyama T, Hofman N, Stallmeyer B, Zumhagen S, Shimizu W, Wilde AAM, Schulze-Bahr E, Horie M, Tezenas du Montcel S, Guicheney P. Asymmetry of parental origin in long QT syndrome: preferential maternal transmission of KCNQ1 variants linked to channel dysfunction. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:1160-6. [PMID: 26669661 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission distortion of disease-causing alleles in long QT syndrome (LQTS) has been reported, suggesting a potential role of KCNQ1 and KCNH2 in reproduction. This study sought to investigate parental transmission in LQTS families according to ethnicity, gene loci (LQT1-3: KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A) or severity of channel dysfunction. We studied 3782 genotyped members from 679 European and Japanese LQTS families (2748 carriers). We determined grandparental and parental origins of variant alleles in 1903 children and 624 grandchildren, and the grandparental origin of normal alleles in healthy children from 44 three-generation control families. LQTS alleles were more of maternal than paternal origin (61 vs 39%, P<0.001). The ratio of maternally transmitted alleles in LQT1 (66%) was higher than in LQT2 (56%, P<0.001) and LQT3 (57%, P=0.03). Unlike the Mendelian distribution of grandparental alleles seen in control families, variant grandparental LQT1 and LQT2 alleles in grandchildren showed an excess of maternally transmitted grandmother alleles. For LQT1, maternal transmission differs according to the variant level of dysfunction with 68% of maternal transmission for dominant negative or unknown functional consequence variants vs 58% for non-dominant negative and variants leading to haploinsufficiency, P<0.01; however, for LQT2 or LQT3 this association was not significant. An excess of disease-causing alleles of maternal origin, most pronounced in LQT1, was consistently found across ethnic groups. This observation does not seem to be linked to an imbalance in transmission of the LQTS subtype-specific grandparental allele, but to the potential degree of potassium channel dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Itoh
- INSERM, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Myriam Berthet
- INSERM, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fressart
- INSERM, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Denjoy
- INSERM, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Svetlana Maugenre
- INSERM, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Didier Klug
- Hôpital Cardiologique de Lille, CHRU, Service de cardiologie A, Lille, France
| | - Yuka Mizusawa
- AMC Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Takeru Makiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nynke Hofman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Stallmeyer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Zumhagen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- AMC Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- Biostatistics Unit, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Pascale Guicheney
- INSERM, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S1166, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Readthrough acetylcholinesterase (AChE-R) and regulated necrosis: pharmacological targets for the regulation of ovarian functions? Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1685. [PMID: 25766324 PMCID: PMC4385929 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation, differentiation and death of ovarian cells ensure orderly functioning of the female gonad during the reproductive phase, which ultimately ends with menopause in women. These processes are regulated by several mechanisms, including local signaling via neurotransmitters. Previous studies showed that ovarian non-neuronal endocrine cells produce acetylcholine (ACh), which likely acts as a trophic factor within the ovarian follicle and the corpus luteum via muscarinic ACh receptors. How its actions are restricted was unknown. We identified enzymatically active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in human ovarian follicular fluid as a product of human granulosa cells. AChE breaks down ACh and thereby attenuates its trophic functions. Blockage of AChE by huperzine A increased the trophic actions as seen in granulosa cells studies. Among ovarian AChE variants, the readthrough isoform AChE-R was identified, which has further, non-enzymatic roles. AChE-R was found in follicular fluid, granulosa and theca cells, as well as luteal cells, implying that such functions occur in vivo. A synthetic AChE-R peptide (ARP) was used to explore such actions and induced in primary, cultured human granulosa cells a caspase-independent form of cell death with a distinct balloon-like morphology and the release of lactate dehydrogenase. The RIPK1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 and the MLKL-blocker necrosulfonamide significantly reduced this form of cell death. Thus a novel non-enzymatic function of AChE-R is to stimulate RIPK1/MLKL-dependent regulated necrosis (necroptosis). The latter complements a cholinergic system in the ovary, which determines life and death of ovarian cells. Necroptosis likely occurs in the primate ovary, as granulosa and luteal cells were immunopositive for phospho-MLKL, and hence necroptosis may contribute to follicular atresia and luteolysis. The results suggest that interference with the enzymatic activities of AChE and/or interference with necroptosis may be novel approaches to influence ovarian functions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Characterization and expression of calcium-activated potassium channels (Slo) in ovary of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain. Genes Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
19
|
Matzkin ME, Lauf S, Spinnler K, Rossi SP, Köhn FM, Kunz L, Calandra RS, Frungieri MB, Mayerhofer A. The Ca2+-activated, large conductance K+-channel (BKCa) is a player in the LH/hCG signaling cascade in testicular Leydig cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 367:41-9. [PMID: 23267835 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In Leydig cells, hormonal stimulation by LH/hCG entails increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and steroid production, as well as hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. The large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-channel (BK(Ca)) is activated by raised intracellular Ca(2+) and voltage and typically hyperpolarizes the cell membrane. Whether BK(Ca) is functionally involved in steroid production of Leydig cells is not known. In order to explore this point we first investigated the localization of BK(Ca) in human and hamster testes and then used a highly specific toxin, the BK(Ca) blocker iberiotoxin (IbTx), to experimentally dissect a role of BK(Ca). Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR revealed that adult Leydig cells of both species are endowed with these channels. Ontogeny studies in hamsters indicated that BK(Ca) becomes strongly detectable in Leydig cells only after they acquire the ability to produce androgens. Using purified Leydig cells from adult hamsters, membrane potential changes in response to hCG were monitored. HCG hyperpolarized the cell membrane, which was prevented by the selective BK(Ca) blocker IbTx. Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) mRNA expression and testosterone production were not affected by IbTx under basal conditions but markedly increased when hCG, in submaximal and maximal concentration or when db-cAMP was added to the incubation media. A blocker of K(V)4-channels, expressed by Leydig cells, namely phrixotoxin-2 (PhTx-2) was not effective. In summary, the data reveal BK(Ca) as a crucial part of the signaling cascade of LH/hCG in Leydig cells. The hyperpolarizing effect of BK(Ca) in the Leydig cell membrane appears to set in motion events limiting the production of testosterone evoked by stimulatory endocrine mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Matzkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rolim ALR, Lindsey SC, Kunii IS, Fujikawa AM, Soares FA, Chiamolera MI, Maciel RMB, Silva MRDD. Ion channelopathies in endocrinology: recent genetic findings and pathophysiological insights. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 54:673-81. [PMID: 21340151 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302010000800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels serve diverse cellular functions, mainly in cell signal transduction. In endocrine cells, these channels play a major role in hormonal secretion, Ca(2+)-mediated cell signaling, transepithelial transport, cell motility and growth, volume regulation and cellular ionic content and acidification of lysosomal compartments. Ion channel dysfunction can cause endocrine disorders or endocrine-related manifestations, such as pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, Liddle syndrome, Bartter syndrome, persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy, neonatal diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, Dent's disease, hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and, the most recently genetically identified channelopathy, thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis. This review briefly recapitulates the membrane action potential in endocrine cells and offers a short overview of known endocrine channelopathies with focus on recent progress regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms and functional genetic defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza R Rolim
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yeh J, Beom Su Kim, Peresie J, Page C. Declines in Levels of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation (HCN) Channels in the Rat Ovary After Cisplatin Exposure. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:986-94. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719109339217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Yeh
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York,
| | - Beom Su Kim
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jennifer Peresie
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Carly Page
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Traut MH, Berg D, Berg U, Mayerhofer A, Kunz L. Identification and characterization of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in granulosa cells of the human ovary. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:28. [PMID: 19351419 PMCID: PMC2671515 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulosa cells (GCs) represent a major endocrine compartment of the ovary producing sex steroid hormones. Recently, we identified in human GCs a Ca2+-activated K+ channel (K(Ca)) of big conductance (BK(Ca)), which is involved in steroidogenesis. This channel is activated by intraovarian signalling molecules (e.g. acetylcholine) via raised intracellular Ca2+ levels. In this study, we aimed at characterizing 1. expression and functions of K(Ca) channels (including BK(Ca) beta-subunits), and 2. biophysical properties of BK(Ca) channels. METHODS GCs were obtained from in vitro-fertilization patients and cultured. Expression of mRNA was determined by standard RT-PCR and protein expression in human ovarian slices was detected by immunohistochemistry. Progesterone production was measured in cell culture supernatants using ELISAs. Single channels were recorded in the inside-out configuration of the patch-clamp technique. RESULTS We identified two K(Ca) types in human GCs, the intermediate- (IK) and the small-conductance K(Ca) (SK). Their functionality was concluded from attenuation of human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone production by K(Ca) blockers (TRAM-34, apamin). Functional IK channels were also demonstrated by electrophysiological recording of single K(Ca) channels with distinctive features. Both, IK and BK(Ca) channels were found to be simultaneously active in individual GCs. In agreement with functional data, we identified mRNAs encoding IK, SK1, SK2 and SK3 in human GCs and proteins of IK and SK2 in corresponding human ovarian cells. Molecular characterization of the BK(Ca) channel revealed the presence of mRNAs encoding several BK(Ca) beta-subunits (beta2, beta3, beta4) in human GCs. The multitude of beta-subunits detected might contribute to variations in Ca2+ dependence of individual BK(Ca) channels which we observed in electrophysiological recordings. CONCLUSION Functional and molecular studies indicate the presence of active IK and SK channels in human GCs. Considering the already described BK(Ca), they express all three K(Ca) types known. We suggest that the plurality and co-expression of different K(Ca) channels and BK(Ca) beta-subunits might allow differentiated responses to Ca2+ signals over a wide range caused by various intraovarian signalling molecules (e.g. acetylcholine, ATP, dopamine). The knowledge of ovarian K(Ca) channel properties and functions should help to understand the link between endocrine and paracrine/autocrine control in the human ovary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias H Traut
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Current address: Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dieter Berg
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Berg
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Kunz
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Greiner M, Paredes A, Rey-Ares V, Saller S, Mayerhofer A, Lara HE. Catecholamine uptake, storage, and regulated release by ovarian granulosa cells. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4988-96. [PMID: 18566131 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines present in the mammalian ovary are involved in many normal aspects of ovarian functions, including initial follicle growth, steroidogenesis, and pathological states such as polycystic ovary syndrome. Sympathetic nerve fibers are the largest source of norepinephrine (NE), but not the only one. Surgical denervation of the rat ovary reduces, but does not eliminate, the ovarian content of NE. The aim of this work was to explore which intraovarian cells may participate in the ovarian NE homeostasis and the mechanisms involved. It was found that denervated rat ovaries can take up NE and cocaine considerably, decreased its uptake, suggesting involvement of catecholamine transporters. Granulosa cells of rat ovarian follicles present dopamine transporter and NE transporter. Their functionality was confirmed in isolated rat granulosa cells while cocaine blocked the uptake of NE. Furthermore, the presence of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2, together with the exocytotic protein (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) in granulosa cells, implies catecholamine storage and regulated release. Regulated calcium-dependent release of NE was shown after depolarization by potassium, implying all neuron-like cellular machinery in granulosa cells. These results in rats may be of relevance for the human ovary because dopamine transporter, NE transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, and synaptosome-associated protein of 25-kDa protein and mRNA are found in human ovarian follicles and/or isolated granulosa cells. Thus, ovarian nonneuronal granulosa cells, after taking up catecholamines, can serve as an intraovarian catecholamine-storing compartment, releasing them in a regulated way. This suggests a more complex involvement of catecholamines in ovarian functions as is currently being recognized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Greiner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago-1, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Olivero P, Leiva-Salcedo E, Devoto L, Stutzin A. Activation of Cl- channels by human chorionic gonadotropin in luteinized granulosa cells of the human ovary modulates progesterone biosynthesis. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4680-7. [PMID: 18499752 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chloride permeability pathways and progesterone (P4) secretion elicited by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in human granulosa cells were studied by electrophysiological techniques and single-cell volume, membrane potential and Ca2+i measurements. Reduction in extracellular Cl(-) and equimolar substitution by the membrane-impermeant anions glutamate or gluconate significantly increased hCG-stimulated P4 accumulation. A similar result was achieved by exposing the cells to hCG in the presence of a hypotonic extracellular solution. Conversely, P4 accumulation was drastically reduced in cells challenged with hCG exposed to a hypertonic solution. Furthermore, conventional Cl(-) channel inhibitors abolished hCG-mediated P4 secretion. In contrast, 25-hydroxycholesterol-mediated P4 accumulation was unaffected by Cl(-) channel blockers. In human granulosa cells, hCG triggered the activation of a tamoxifen-sensitive outwardly rectifying Cl(-) current comparable to the volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying Cl(-) current. Exposure of human granulosa cells to hCG induced a rapid 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid-sensitive cell membrane depolarization that was paralleled with an approximately 20% decrease in cell volume. Treatment with hCG evoked oscillatory and nonoscillatory intracellular Ca2+ signals in human granulosa cells. Extracellular Ca2+ removal and 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid abolished the nonoscillatory component while leaving the Ca2+ oscillations unaffected. It is concluded that human granulosa cells express functional the volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying Cl(-) channels that are activated by hCG, which are critical for plasma membrane potential changes, Ca2+ influx, and P4 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Olivero
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula and Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yeh J, Kim BS, Gaines L, Peresie J, Page C, Arroyo A. The expression of hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels in the rat ovary are dependent on the type of cell and the reproductive age of the animal: a laboratory investigation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2008; 6:35. [PMID: 18710573 PMCID: PMC2533335 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-6-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that levels of hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channels 1 to 4 (HCN1-4) are linked to the reproductive age of the ovary. METHODS Young, adult, and reproductively aged ovaries were collected from Sprague-Dawley rats. RT-PCR and western blot analysis of ovaries was performed to investigate the presence of mRNA and total protein for HCN1-4. Immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative H score analysis was performed using whole ovarian histologic sections. RESULTS RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of mRNA for HCN1-4. Western blot analysis revealed HCN1-3 proteins in all ages of ovarian tissues. Immunohistochemistry with H score analysis demonstrated distinct age-related changes in patterns of HCN1-3 in the oocytes, granulosa cells, theca cells, and corpora lutea. HCN4 was present only in the oocytes, with declining levels during the reproduction lifespan. CONCLUSION The evidence presented here demonstrates cell-type and developmental age patterns of HCN1-4 channel expression in rat ovaries. Based on this, we hypothesize that HCN channels have functional significance in rat ovaries and may have changing roles in reproductive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Yeh
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14222, USA
| | - Beom Su Kim
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14222, USA
| | - Larry Gaines
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14222, USA
| | - Jennifer Peresie
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14222, USA
| | - Carly Page
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14222, USA
| | - Armando Arroyo
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14222, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kunz L, Roggors C, Mayerhofer A. Ovarian acetylcholine and ovarian KCNQ channels: insights into cellular regulatory systems of steroidogenic granulosa cells. Life Sci 2007; 80:2195-8. [PMID: 17300810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) may be an ovarian signaling molecule, since ACh is produced by non-neuronal granulosa cells (GCs) derived from the antral follicle, and likely also by their in vivo counterparts in the growing follicle. Furthermore, muscarinic ACh receptors (MR) are present in GC membranes and in cultured human GCs a number of MR-mediated actions have been described, including regulation of proliferation and gap junctional communication. Importantly, muscarinic stimulation elevates intracellular calcium levels, thereby opening a calcium-activated potassium channel (BK(Ca)) and causing membrane hyperpolarization. In the course of electrophysiological experiments with human GCs we also observed a reversible inhibitory action of an ACh analogue (carbachol) on an outward potassium current. This current is reminiscent of a so-called M-current described in neuronal systems, of which muscarinic regulation is well-known. Indeed, the current is sensitive to the specific KCNQ blocker XE991 and a possible underlying channel, KCNQ1 (K(v)7.1/K(v)LQT1) was detected by RT-PCR in GCs and by immunohistochemistry in large ovarian follicles. Pharmacological inhibition of the channel by XE991 blocked gonadotropin-stimulated steroid production and increased cell proliferation, i.e. fundamental processes of GCs in the ovary. Assuming a similar effect of ACh in vivo, this channel may be a pivotal regulator of physiological GC function linked to actions of the novel intraovarian signaling molecule ACh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Kunz
- Anatomisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 München, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oduma JA, Oduor Okelo D, Odongo H, Makawiti DW. The pesticide heptachlor affects steroid hormone secretion in isolated follicular and luteal cells of rat. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 144:76-84. [PMID: 16861048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heptachlor, a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide, suppresses the production of progesterone and estradiol in the female rat in vivo or in isolated ovaries in vitro. In this study the effect of heptachlor on steroid hormone production by isolated rat luteal and follicular cells, in the presence of two precursor hormones was investigated. Ovaries were isolated from anesthetized mature normocyclic virgin rats (3 to 4 months old), under sterile conditions. Corpora lutea and follicles were microscopically dissected out and separately enzymatically dispersed with collagenase at 37 degrees C. Viable cells collected after centrifugation were used at a concentration of approximately 2.5 x 10(5) cells/10 mL. Both luteal and follicular cell preparations were separately incubated overnight (15 h) at 37 degrees C in the presence of pregnenolone (P5) and androstenedione (A4) at a concentration of 6.0 nmol/L each, and heptachlor at either 0.12 microg/mL (low dose) or 1.20 microg/mL (high dose) (test cells) or in the absence of heptachlor (control cells). At the end of the incubations, progesterone and estradiol 17beta levels were analyzed in the incubation media. The results indicate that heptachlor significantly suppressed the production of both progesterone and estradiol in both cell types in a dose related manner even in the presence of A4 and P5 as precursor hormones (P<0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Oduma
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu Y, Foster WG, Younglai EV. Rapid effects of pesticides on human granulosa-lutein cells. Reproduction 2006; 131:299-310. [PMID: 16452723 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Following our previous demonstration that p,p'-DDE (dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene), at environmentally relevant concentrations, can rapidly increase intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i concentrations in human granulosa-lutein cells, we examined whether other pesticides, such as Kepone, o,p-DDE and methoxychlor, have similar effects. Cultured human granulosa-lutein cells were loaded with Fura-2 AM, and changes in [Ca2+]i concentrations within small areas of single cells were studied with a dynamic digital Ca2+ imaging system. Kepone, at concentrations of 0.2-2 nmol/ml, consistently increased [Ca2+]i concentrations 2-6 times higher than baseline values within minutes of exposure. Methoxychlor at concentrations of 2.8-280 nmol/ml failed to alter [Ca2+]i levels consistently in cells from 10 patients. However, at 0.28 and 1.4 nmol/ml, increases in [Ca2+]i concentrations could be elicited by methoxychlor. The isomer o,p-DDE at 3 nmol/ml increased [Ca2+]i in granulosa cells of 11/20 patients. Pertussis toxin treatment inhibited the [Ca2+]i increases induced by estradiol, p,p'-DDE, o,p-DDE and methoxychlor, but not by Kepone or progesterone, indicating that Kepone and progesterone may act through an insensitive G protein-coupled receptor. The [Ca2+]i increases induced by Kepone also occurred in Ca2+-free medium, suggesting that [Ca2+]i mobilization occurred from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, two inhibitors of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, also stimulated [Ca2+]i increases but did not inhibit the Ca2+ response to all the pesticides. These results demonstrate that pesticides can have a rapid effect on human granulosa-lutein cells, and a nongenomic mechanism of action is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Division, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mayerhofer A, Kunz L, Krieger A, Proskocil B, Spindel E, Amsterdam A, Dissen GA, Ojeda SR, Wessler I. FSH regulates acetycholine production by ovarian granulosa cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006; 4:37. [PMID: 16846505 PMCID: PMC1557511 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-4-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been previously shown that cultured granulosa cells (GCs) derived from human ovarian preovulatory follicles contain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis. They also produce ACh and express functional muscarinic ACh receptors. ACh can act on GCs to increase proliferation, disrupt gap junctional communication, alter intracellular calcium levels, as well as expression of transcription factors, suggesting an unrecognized role of ACh in GC function. To gain further insights into the possible role of ACh in the ovary, we examined ChAT expression in the gland before and after birth, as well as in adults, and studied the regulation of ACh production by FSH. METHODS ChAT immunohistochemistry was performed using ovarian samples of different species and ages (embryonic, postnatal and adult rats and mice, including embryonic ovaries from mice null for ChAT, neonatal and adult rhesus monkeys and adult humans). ACh was measured by HPLC and/or a fluorescence based method in rat ovaries and in a FSH receptor-expressing cell line (rat GFSHR-17) cultured with or without FSH. RESULTS In adult rat, as well as in all other species, ovarian ChAT immunoreactivity is associated with GCs of antral follicles, but not with other structures, indicating that GCs are the only ovarian source of ACh. Indeed ACh was clearly detected in adult rat ovaries by two methods. ChAT immunoreactivity is absent from embryonic and/or neonatal ovaries (mouse/rat and monkey) and ovarian development in embryonic mice null for ChAT appears normal, suggesting that ACh is not involved in ovarian or follicular formation. Since ChAT immunoreactivity is present in GCs of large follicles and since the degree of the ChAT immunoreactivity increases as antral follicles grow, we tested whether ACh production is stimulated by FSH. Rat GFSHR-17 cells that stably express the FSH receptor, respond to FSH with an increase in ACh production. CONCLUSION ACh and ChAT are present in GCs of growing follicles and FSH, the major driving force of follicular growth, stimulates ACh production. Since ACh stimulates proliferation and differentiation processes in cultured GCs, we suggest that ACh may act in the growing ovarian follicle as a local mediator of some of the actions ascribed to FSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Kunz
- Anatomisches Institut der Universität München, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Eliot Spindel
- Division of Neurosciences, ONPRC-OHSU, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Abraham Amsterdam
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Sergio R Ojeda
- Division of Neurosciences, ONPRC-OHSU, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Ignaz Wessler
- Phamakologisches Institut der Universität Mainz, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mayerhofer A, Kunz L. Ion channels of primate ovarian endocrine cells: identification and functional significance. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2006; 1:549-555. [PMID: 30290454 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.1.4.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are crucially involved in cellular functions, but little is known about molecular identity, subunit composition and the specific role of ion channels in ovarian endocrine cells in human and nonhuman primates. Using human luteinizing granulosa cells, a few groups have started to address these questions and have begun to show molecular identity of ion channels, electrophysiological functions and the relationship to hormone production, as well as regulation by hormones and intraovarian factors. Functional ion channels that have been identified so far include T- and L-type Ca2+ channels (Cav3.2, Cav1.2), a voltage-dependent Na+ channel (Nav1.7), as well as voltage- (Kv4.2) and Ca2+-dependent K+ channels (BKCa). Since all these ion channels were found to be involved in steroid hormone synthesis and are expressed by endocrine ovarian cells in human and nonhuman ovary, it has been proposed that they are physiological key molecules for ovarian function. Furthermore, they may be novel targets for modulating ovarian functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mayerhofer
- a Professor of Molecular Anatomy, Anatomisches Institut, Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 München, Germany.
| | - Lars Kunz
- b Anatomisches Institut, Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 München, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kunz L, Rämsch R, Krieger A, Young KA, Dissen GA, Stouffer RL, Ojeda SR, Mayerhofer A. Voltage-dependent K+ channel acts as sex steroid sensor in endocrine cells of the human ovary. J Cell Physiol 2006; 206:167-74. [PMID: 15991246 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular targets of rapid non-genomic steroid actions are not well known compared to those of the classical transcription pathway, but ion channels have recently been identified to be steroid-sensitive. Especially, in the ovary, the very organ producing high amounts of sex steroids, their rapid actions are not well examined. We now identified a yet unknown target for sex steroids, a voltage-dependent K+ channel (Kv4.2) that contributes to a transient outward K+ current (I(A)) in human granulosa cells (GCs). Sex steroid hormones at concentrations typical for the ovary (1 microM) blocked Kv4.2 thereby attenuating I(A) by about 25% within seconds. We also found both Kv4.2 (KCND2) mRNA and protein in endocrine cells of the human and rhesus macaque ovary, emphasizing the physiological relevance of this channel. Therefore, we propose a role as fast-responding steroid sensor for the Kv4.2 channel. The direct regulation of K+ channel activity by sex steroids might represent a yet unknown mechanism of rapid steroid action in close proximity to the site of steroid production in the primate ovary. Our data might also be important for Kv4 channels in the brain and the cardiovascular system where rapid steroid effects are discussed in the context of prevention of cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kunz
- Anatomical Institute, University of Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang MH, So EC, Liu YC, Wu SN. Glucocorticoids stimulate the activity of large-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels in pituitary GH3 and AtT-20 cells via a non-genomic mechanism. Steroids 2006; 71:129-40. [PMID: 16274717 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2005.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of glucocorticoids on ion currents were investigated in pituitary GH3 and AtT-20 cells. In whole-cell configuration, dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, reversibly increased the density of Ca2+ -activated K+ current (IK(Ca)) with an EC50 value of 21 +/- 5 microM. Dexamethasone-induced increase in IK(Ca) density was suppressed by paxilline (1 microM), yet not by glibenclamide (10 microM), pandinotoxin-Kalpha (1 microM) or mifepristone (10 microM). Paxilline is a blocker of large-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (BKCa) channels, while glibenclamide and pandinotoxin-Kalpha are blockers of ATP-sensitive and A-type K+ channels, respectively. Mifepristone can block cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors. In inside-out configuration, the application of dexamethasone (30 microM) into the intracellular surface caused no change in single-channel conductance; however, it did increase BKCa -channel activity. Its effect was associated with a negative shift of the activation curve. However, no Ca2+ -sensitiviy of these channels was altered by dexamethasone. Dexamethasone-stimulated channel activity involves an increase in mean open time and a decrease in mean closed time. Under current-clamp configuration, dexamethasone decreased the firing frequency of action potentials. In pituitary AtT-20 cells, dexamethasone (30 microM) also increased BKCa -channel activity. Dexamethasone-mediated stimulation of IK(Ca) presented here that is likely pharmacological, seems to be not linked to a genomic mechanism. The non-genomic, channel-stimulating properties of dexamethasone may partly contribute to the underlying mechanisms by which glucocorticoids affect neuroendocrine function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Han Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu YC, Wu SN. BAY 41‐2272, a potent activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, stimulates calcium elevation and calcium‐activated potassium current in pituitary GH3cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 32:1078-87. [PMID: 16445574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of BAY 41-2272, a nitric oxide-independent activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, on Ca2+ signalling and ion currents were investigated in pituitary GH3 cells. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in these cells were increased by BAY 41-2272. Removing extracellular Ca2+ abolished the BAY 41-2272-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. After [Ca2+]i was elevated by BAY 41-2272 (300 nmol/L), subsequent application of 1-benzyl-3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl) indazole (YC-1; 1 micromol/L) did not increase [Ca2+]i further. In whole-cell recordings, BAY 41-2272 reversibly stimulated Ca2+-activated K+ current (I(K(Ca))) with an EC50 of 225 +/- 8 nmol/L. At 3 micromol/L, BAY 41-2272 slightly and significantly decreased L-type Ca2+ current. In the cell-attached configuration, BAY 41-2272 (300 nmol/L) enhanced the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK(Ca)) channels. After BK(Ca) channel activity was stimulated by spermine NONOate (30 micromol/L) or YC-1 (10 micromol/L) in cell-attached patches, subsequent application of BAY 41-2272 (300 nmol/L) further increased the channel open probability. In the inside-out configuration, BAY 41-2272 applied to the intracellular surface of excised patches enhanced BK(Ca) channel activity. Unlike 1 micromol/L paxilline, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolol-[4,3a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 micromol/L) or heme (10 micromol/L) had no effect on BAY 41-2272-stimulated channel activity. BAY 41-2272 caused no shift in the activation curve of BK(Ca) channels; however, it did increase the Ca2+ sensitivity of these channels. At 300 nmol/L, BAY 41-2272 reduced the firing rate of spontaneous action potentials stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (10 micromol/L). The BK(Ca) channel activity was also enhanced by 300 nmol/L BAY 41-2272 in neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells. Therefore, the BAY 41-2272-induced increase in [Ca2+]i is primarily explained by an increase in Ca2+ influx. The BAY 41-2272-mediated simulation of IK(Ca) may result from direct activation of BKCa channels and indirectly as a result of elevated [Ca2+]i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chin Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, National Cheng-Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
We have recently provided evidence that acetylcholine (ACh) is a non-neuronal intraovarian signalling molecule, produced by granulosa cells (GCs) and which appears to act as signalling factor in the growing follicle. The ACh biosynthesis enzyme, choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT), is expressed only in growing, antral follicles in rodent and primate species. This restriction to follicle stages, which depend on the activity of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), may suggest that ACh could be an as yet unknown local mediator of FSH actions. In respect of ACh actions, our ongoing studies indicate that they may be exerted via different muscarinic ACh-receptors (MR) in GCs, but also in oocytes in an overlapping fashion. To elucidate functional details we have studied cultured human GCs isolated from preovulatory follicles. Activation of MRs increases intracellular calcium and, e.g., induces the master transcription factor egr-1, implying involvement in cell differentiation events. ACh agonists also activate a calcium-activated potassium channel (BK(Ca)) resulting in membrane hyperpolarization, which allows activation of other voltage-dependent ion channels. Experimental modulation of the chain of these events causes altered steroidogenesis, implying a crucial role of ACh in endocrine functions. Further ACh actions include phosphorylation of the gap junction molecule connexin 43 and disruption of intercellular communication between GCs. This may allow strongly coupled GCs to escape from the functional syncytium of the follicle in order to initiate proliferation. Proliferation is indeed strongly increased in cultured human GCs when treated with cholinergic agents. The repertoire of ACh/MR actions is far from being fully appreciated and may include epigenetic regulation in healthy growing follicles. Although many aspects of the ovarian cholinergic system, including, for instance, influence of follicular ACh on the MR-bearing oocyte, remain to be examined. The present data pinpoint ACh as an emerging, unique intraovarian signalling molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mayerhofer
- Anatomisches Institut der Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 München, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cukurcam S, Sun F, Betzendahl I, Adler ID, Eichenlaub-Ritter U. Trichlorfon predisposes to aneuploidy and interferes with spindle formation in in vitro maturing mouse oocytes. Mutat Res 2005; 564:165-78. [PMID: 15507381 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pesticide trichlorfon (TCF) has been implicated in human trisomy 21, and in errors in chromosome segregation at male meiosis II in the mouse. We previously provided evidence that TCF interferes with spindle integrity and cell-cycle control during murine oogenesis. To assess the aneugenic activity of TCF in oogenesis, we presently analysed maturation, spindle assembly, and chromosome constitution in mouse oocytes maturing in vitro in the presence of 50 or 100 microg/ml TCF for 16 h or in pulse-chase experiments. TCF stimulated maturation to meiosis II at 50 microg/ml, but arrested meiosis in some oocytes at 100 microg/ml. TCF at 100 microg/ml was aneugenic causing non-disjunction of homologous chromosomes at meiosis I, a significant increase of the hyperploidy rate at metaphase II, and a significant rise in the numbers of oocytes that contained a 'diploid' set of metaphase II chromosomes (dyads). TCF elevated the rate of precocious chromatid segregation (predivision) at 50 and 100 microg/ml. Pulse-chase experiments with 100 microg/ml TCF present during the first 7 h or the last 9 h of maturation in vitro did not affect meiotic progression and induced intermediate levels of hyperploidy at metaphase II. Exposure to > or =50 microg/ml TCF throughout maturation in vitro induced severe spindle aberrations at metaphase II, and over one-third of the oocytes failed to align all chromosomes at the spindle equator (congression failure). These observations suggest that exposure to high concentrations of TCF induces non-disjunction at meiosis I of oogenesis, while lower doses may preferentially cause errors in chromosome segregation at meiosis II due to disturbances in spindle function, and chromosome congression as well as precocious separation of chromatids prior to anaphase II. The data support evidence from other studies that TCF has to be regarded as a germ cell aneugen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suna Cukurcam
- Institute of Genetechnology/Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Trkulja V, Crljen-Manestar V, Banfic H, Lackovic Z. Involvement of the peripheral cholinergic muscarinic system in the compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in the rat. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2004; 229:793-805. [PMID: 15337834 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present experiments, unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) induced compensatory hypertrophy (COH) of the remaining rat ovary (60%-85% increase in ovarian weight, total proteins, and total RNA and DNA). An increased thymidine uptake preceded the organ enlargement. COH was inhibited by i.p.-administered muscarinic antagonist propantheline (dose-dependently) or botulinum toxin delivered locally to the ovary. The effects were reversed by bethanecol i.p. (a muscarinic agonist). In sham ULO animals, [3H]-scopolamine binding to ovarian membranes indicated the existence of muscarinic receptors (Kd 2.5 nM, Bmax 12 fmol/mg proteins, Hill 1.0). The ovarian 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) was 120-150 pmol/mg tissue and did not react to carbachol in vitro (50 microM). At 15 minutes after ULO, the [3H]-scopolamine binding was unchanged (Kd 2.6 nM, Bmax 12.6 fmol/mg tissue, Hill 1.0), but the ovarian DAG was increased (280-350 pmol/mg tissue) and increased further in response to carbachol (460-550 pmol/mg tissue). After ULO, ovarian DAG remained continuously responsive to carbachol. The ULO-induced DAG increase and enhanced susceptibility to carbachol were inhibited by the botulinum toxin or atropine pretreatments. Abdominal vagotomy done immediately before ULO also inhibited the ULO-induced DAG increase and DAG responsiveness to carbachol. However, when the vagotomy was performed 10 mins after ULO, the ovarian DAG remained responsive to carbachol in vitro. The data suggest that the peripheral cholinergic system, including the ovarian muscarinic receptors, stimulates COH. This is apparently associated with the ULO-induced coupling of the ovarian muscarinic receptors to phosphoinositide (PI) breakdown. Vagus plays a role in the occurrence of the changed muscarinic receptor-PI breakdown relationship in the remaining ovary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Trkulja
- Department of Pharmacology, Croatian Brain Research Institute, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Y, Ganta S, von Stein FB, Mason DE, Mitchell BM, Freeman LC. 4-aminopyridine decreases progesterone production by porcine granulosa cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1:31. [PMID: 12740033 PMCID: PMC155641 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2003] [Accepted: 04/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels occur as large families of related genes with cell-specific expression patterns. Granulosa cells have been shown to express voltage-gated potassium channels from more than one family. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), an antagonist of KCNA but not KCNQ channels. METHODS Granulosa cells were isolated from pig follicles and cultured with 4-AP, alone or in combination with FSH, 8-CPT-cAMP, estradiol 17beta, and DIDS. Complimentary experiments determined the effects of 4-AP on the spontaneously established pig granulosa cell line PGC-2. Granulosa cell or PGC-2 function was assessed by radio-immunoassay of media progesterone accumulation. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. Drug-induced changes in cell membrane potential and intracellular potassium concentration were documented by spectrophotometric determination of DiBAC4(3) and PBFI fluorescence, respectively. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) was assessed by immunoblotting. Flow cytometry was also used to examine granulosa cell viability and size. RESULTS 4-AP (2 mM) decreased progesterone accumulation in the media of serum-supplemented and serum-free granulosa cultures, but inhibited cell proliferation only under serum-free conditions. 4-AP decreased the expression of StAR, the production of cAMP and the synthesis of estradiol by PGC-2. Addition of either 8-CPT-cAMP or estradiol 17beta to serum-supplemented primary cultures reduced the inhibitory effects of 4-AP. 4-AP treatment was also associated with increased cell size, increased intracellular potassium concentration, and hyperpolarization of resting membrane potential. The drug-induced hyperpolarization of resting membrane potential was prevented either by decreasing extracellular chloride or by adding DIDS to the media. DIDS also prevented 4-AP inhibition of progesterone production. CONCLUSION 4-AP inhibits basal and FSH-stimulated progesterone production by pig granulosa cells via drug action at multiple interacting steps in the steroidogenic pathway. These inhibitory effects of 4-AP on steroidogenesis may reflect drug-induced changes in intracellular concentrations of K+and Cl- as well as granulosa cell resting membrane potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802, USA
| | - Suhasini Ganta
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802, USA
| | - Fred B von Stein
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802, USA
| | - Diane E Mason
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802, USA
| | - Brianna M Mitchell
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802, USA
| | - Lisa C Freeman
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mayerhofer A, Dimitrijevic N, Kunz L. The expression and biological role of the non-neuronal cholinergic system in the ovary. Life Sci 2003; 72:2039-45. [PMID: 12628454 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Functioning of the ovary depends on an interplay between hormones, locally produced growth factors and neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are delivered to the ovary via its sympathetic innervation and originate from intrinsic nerve cells expressing catecholaminergic and peptidergic traits. We found that the nerve fibers and nerve cells of the ovary were however not immunoreactive for the ACh-synthesizing enzyme, choline-acetyl transferase (ChAT). Immunoreactivity was instead detected in ovarian endocrine cells, namely granulosa cells (GCs), of rodents and primates. Importantly, isolated GCs produce ACh. Thus, endocrine cells are an unexpected non-neuronal source of ACh in the ovary. GCs in vivo and in vitro also contain ACh-receptors of the muscarinic subtype (MR), namely M1 and M5. MR of human GCs are functional and linked to rapid increases in intracellular calcium levels. A role of ovarian ACh/MR in the crucial process of cell proliferation is suggested by the observation that in growing follicles, ChAT-immunoreactive GCs co-express "proliferating cell nuclear antigen" (PCNA) and that cholinergic agents stimulate cell proliferation of human GCs in vitro. This proliferative effect is associated with rapid disruption of gap junction communication and phosphorylation of connexin 43. In addition, calcium-dependent channels are activated. Ongoing studies have begun to identify down-stream effects of M1/5 activation in GCs, which include, for example, expression of a transcription factor (egr-1). In summary, ovarian endocrine cells are sources and targets of ACh. We propose that an as yet unexplored intraovarian cholinergic system exists, which contributes to physiological ovarian tissue remodeling by stimulation of cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mayerhofer
- Anatomisches Institut der Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 München, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|