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Fantus RJ, Greenberg DR, Chang C, Helfand BT, Xu J, Wei J, Shoag JE, Nangia AK, Brannigan RE, Halpern JA. Novel reference range values for serum testosterone: a cross-sectional study of 200,000 males. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02319-0. [PMID: 38383878 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To better understand the effects of aging, metabolic syndrome, diurnal variation, and seasonal variation on serum testosterone levels in the context of current guideline statements on testosterone deficiency. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized the United Kingdom Biobank. Physical examination, anthropomorphic measurements, and laboratory evaluation were performed at the time of enrollment from 2006 to 2010. The primary outcomes were the effect of age, the presence of metabolic syndrome, the time of day, and the month of the year on serum testosterone levels. RESULTS Among 197,883 included men, the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentile testosterone levels in men without metabolic syndrome were significantly higher than those in men with metabolic syndrome at every decade of life (p < 0.001). The average testosterone level within each group (men without metabolic syndrome vs. men with) was clinically similar across decade of life (12.43 in 40's 12.29 in 50's 12.24 in 60's vs. 10.69 in 40's 10.56 in 50's 10.63 in 60's respectively). Average testosterone levels decreased with blood draws later in the day ranging from 10.91 to 12.74 nmol/L (p < 0.01). Similarly, there was seasonal variation in serum testosterone ranging from 11.86 to 12.18 nmol/L (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We found significant variation in serum testosterone according to the presence of metabolic syndrome and time of laboratory draw, but not according to age. These data challenge the prior dogma of age-related hypogonadism and favor an individualized approach towards serum testosterone measurement and interpretation. However, further studies are needed to correlate these population-based data with individuals' hypogonadal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Fantus
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Urology, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Daniel R Greenberg
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 675 N. Clair Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Cecilia Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan E Shoag
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ajay K Nangia
- Department of Urology, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Robert E Brannigan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 675 N. Clair Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joshua A Halpern
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 675 N. Clair Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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2
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Nissen FI, Esser VFC, Bui M, Li S, Hopper JL, Bjørnerem Å, Hansen AK. Is There a Causal Relationship between Physical Activity and Bone Microarchitecture? A Study of Adult Female Twin Pairs. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:951-957. [PMID: 37198881 PMCID: PMC10947270 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The reasons for the association between physical activity (PA) and bone microarchitecture traits are unclear. We examined whether these associations were consistent with causation and/or with shared familial factors using a cross-sectional study of 47 dizygotic and 93 monozygotic female twin pairs aged 31-77 years. Images of the nondominant distal tibia were obtained using high-resolutionperipheral quantitative computed tomography. The bone microarchitecture was assessed using StrAx1.0 software. Based on a self-completed questionnaire, a PA index was calculated as a weighted sum of weekly hours of light (walking, light gardening), moderate (social tennis, golf, hiking), and vigorous activity (competitive active sports) = light + 2 * moderate + 3 * vigorous. We applied Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) to test whether cross-pair cross-trait associations changed after adjustment for within-individual associations. Within-individual distal tibia cortical cross-sectional area (CSA) and cortical thickness were positively associated with PA (regression coefficients [β] = 0.20 and 0.22), while the porosity of the inner transitional zone was negatively associated with PA (β = -0.17), all p < 0.05. Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and trabecular thickness were positively associated with PA (β = 0.13 and 0.14), and medullary CSA was negatively associated with PA (β = -0.22), all p ≤ 0.01. Cross-pair cross-trait associations of cortical thickness, cortical CSA, and medullary CSA with PA attenuated after adjustment for the within-individual association (p = 0.048, p = 0.062, and p = 0.028 for changes). In conclusion, increasing PA was associated with thicker cortices, larger cortical area, lower porosity of the inner transitional zone, thicker trabeculae, and smaller medullary cavities. The attenuation of cross-pair cross-trait associations after accounting for the within-individual associations was consistent with PA having a causal effect on the improved cortical and trabecular microarchitecture of adult females, in addition to shared familial factors. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Igland Nissen
- Department of Clinical MedicineUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Vivienne F. C. Esser
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Minh Bui
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Shuai Li
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Åshild Bjørnerem
- Department of Clinical MedicineUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
- Norwegian Research Center for Women's Health, OsloUniversity HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ann Kristin Hansen
- Department of Clinical MedicineUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
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3
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Røys EÅ, Guldhaug NA, Viste K, Jones GD, Alaour B, Sylte MS, Torsvik J, Kellmann R, Strand H, Theodorsson E, Marber M, Omland T, Aakre KM. Sex Hormones and Adrenal Steroids: Biological Variation Estimated Using Direct and Indirect Methods. Clin Chem 2023; 69:100-109. [PMID: 36373220 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological variation (BV) data may be used to develop analytical performance specifications (APS), reference change values (RCV), and support the applicability of population reference intervals. This study estimates within-subject BV (CVI) for several endocrine biomarkers using 3 different methodological approaches. METHODS For the direct method, 30 healthy volunteers were sampled weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Samples were analyzed in duplicate for 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione, cortisol, cortisone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and testosterone. A CV-ANOVA with outlier removal and a Bayesian model were applied to derive the CVI. For estradiol, FSH and LH, only the male subgroup was included. In the indirect method, using the same analytes and groups, pairs of sequential results were extracted from the laboratory information system. The total result variation for individual pairs was determined by identifying a central gaussian distribution in the ratios of the result pairs. The CVI was then estimated by removing the effect of analytical variation. RESULTS The estimated CVI from the Bayesian model (μCVP(i)) in the total cohort was: 17-OHP, 23%; androstenedione, 20%; cortisol, 18%; cortisone, 11%; SHBG, 7.4%; testosterone, 16%; and for the sex hormones in men: estradiol, 14%; FSH, 8%; and LH, 26%. CVI-heterogeneity was present for most endocrine markers. Similar CVI data were estimated using the CV-ANOVA and the indirect method. CONCLUSIONS Similar CVI data were obtained using 2 different direct and one indirect method. The indirect approach is a low-cost alternative ensuring implementation of CVI data applicable for local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Åsen Røys
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nora Alicia Guldhaug
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Viste
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Graham Dallas Jones
- Department of Chemical Pathology, SydPath, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Bashir Alaour
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Janniche Torsvik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralf Kellmann
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heidi Strand
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael Marber
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristin Moberg Aakre
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Jasuja R, Pencina KM, Peng L, Bhasin S. Accurate Measurement and Harmonized Reference Ranges for Total and Free Testosterone Levels. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022; 51:63-75. [PMID: 35216721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing testosterone deficiency requires accurate and precise measurement of total testosterone levels by an accurate method, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a laboratory certified by an accuracy-based program (eg, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Hormone Standardization (HoST) Program), and, if needed, free testosterone level. Free testosterone level should ideally be measured by equilibrium dialysis method. Testosterone levels should be measured in 2 or more fasting samples obtained in the morning. Harmonized reference ranges for total testosterone can be applied to laboratories that certified by the HoST Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jasuja
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karol M Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liming Peng
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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5
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Zornitzki T, Tshori S, Shefer G, Mingelgrin S, Levy C, Knobler H. Seasonal Variation of Testosterone Levels in a Large Cohort of Men. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:6093092. [PMID: 35782408 PMCID: PMC9242810 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6093092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate in a large cohort of males with a wide range of age, metabolic status, and coexistent morbidities whether month of blood test performance was associated with total and bioavailable testosterone levels independent of age, body mass index (BMI), existing cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD risk factors. METHODS Cross-sectional study includes data from computerized medical records of 27,328 men aged 20-70, treated by the largest healthcare organization in Israel, who had undergone testosterone measurement. In 7,940 subjects with available sex-hormone-binding globulin levels, bioavailable testosterone was calculated. RESULTS Total and bioavailable testosterone levels gradually decreased with age and BMI (P < 0.001) and were significantly lower in men with diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and known CVD, but were higher in current smokers compared with nonsmokers (P < 0.001). Hormone levels were highest in August-October declined after and lowest in March. Overall, both total and bioavailable testosterone levels were significantly lower in March compared to August-October (P < 0.001). In a linear regression analysis, age, BMI, current smoking, and month of testing were independently associated with total (P < 0.001) and bioavailable testosterone levels (P=0.002), and diabetes was associated with total testosterone (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In a large cohort of men with a wide range of age, BMI, and comorbidities, month of testing was independently associated with total and bioavailable testosterone levels. These data provide strong evidence that seasonal variation has to be considered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiba Zornitzki
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sagi Tshori
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Research Authority, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Galit Shefer
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Research Authority, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shira Mingelgrin
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Research Authority, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hilla Knobler
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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6
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Kuzmenko NV, Tsyrlin VA, Pliss MG. Seasonal Dynamics of Melatonin, Prolactin,
Sex Hormones and Adrenal Hormones in Healthy People: a Meta-Analysis. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Costanzo PR, Suárez SM, Kozak AE, Knoblovits P. Seasonal Variations in Sex Steroids in a Young Male Population and Their Relationship with Plasma Levels of Vitamin D. World J Mens Health 2021; 40:308-315. [PMID: 34169681 PMCID: PMC8987141 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vitamin D (VD) acts on sperm motility, capacitation and survival but its role in steroidogenesis is less clear. Aims: To analyze seasonal variations in sex steroids and VD in a healthy male population. Materials and Methods Twenty-nine healthy males, 34.0±4.8 years were included. Blood collection in winter (W) and summer (S) was performed to measure: 25OHD, total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Testosterone/estradiol (T/E2) ratio was calculated. Results In W, lower levels of 25OHD: 18.8±7.2 ng/mL vs. 38.8±11.9 ng/mL (p<0.0001) and LH: 3.5±1.2 mU/mL vs. 3.9±1.5 mU/mL (p=0.05), and higher levels of TT: 501.9±157.7 ng/dL vs. 405.0±128.0 ng/dL (p=0.0003), FT: 11.8±4.1 ng/dL vs. 10.2±3.7 ng/dL (p=0.017), SHBG: 28.5±10.9 nmol/L vs. 23.6±7.9 nmol/L (p=0.002) and T/E2 ratio: 30.7±19.7 ng/dL/pg/mL vs. 17.3±3.6 ng/dL/pg/mL (p=0.0015) with no variation in E2 levels were observed. A positive correlation between 25OHD and E2 (r=0.28, p=0.04) and negative correlations between 25OHD and TT (r=−0.27, p=0.049), 25OHD and FT (r=−0.32, p=0.01), and 25OHD and T/E2 (r=−0.44, p=0.0008) were found. Conclusions In healthy young male population, seasonal variations were observed in 25OHD and LH levels (higher in S) and in TT, FT, SHBG levels, and T/E2 (higher in W). Lower values of TT and FT in S are accompanied by higher levels of LH, which rules out a central mechanism for lowering testosterone. 25OHD negatively correlated with TT, FT, and T/E2 and positively correlated with E2, suggesting a relationship between VD status and changes in gonadal steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo René Costanzo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián Matías Suárez
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Elina Kozak
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Knoblovits
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Is vitamin D status reflected by testosterone concentration in elite athletes? Biol Sport 2020; 37:229-237. [PMID: 32879544 PMCID: PMC7433328 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.95633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a nutrient whose active form affects tissues as a hormone and possibly enhances performance. One plausible mechanism is by increasing testosterone concentration, which is established as an important factor for athletic performance. Therefore the aim of the study was to examine the relationship between plasma concentration of 25(OH)D and testosterone in Polish elite track and field athletes depending on vitamin D status, season, training period, body composition, sex, type of training, sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation. Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D and testosterone were measured in all seasons within two years in athletes (70 females, 79 males) who represent strength (n = 103) and endurance (n = 46) kinds of sports, in the preparatorycompetitive season and transition period. There were no differences in 25(OH)D concentration between male and female athletes, insufficiency [25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml] was observed in 32.9%, whereas deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/ ml] in 3.2%. Circannual rhythm was noted for vitamin D but not for testosterone concentration; no correlations between them were found either in strength or endurance athletes or between 25(OH)D and body composition. Testosterone concentration was higher in the transition period than in the preparatory-competition period only in male athletes. Higher 25(OH)D was observed in athletes who trained during winter in Africa (higher sun exposure) or used oral supplementation, whereas the respective testosterone levels were unchanged. In athletes, testosterone concentration did not reflect vitamin D status. The widespread of inadequate vitamin D status among athletes, makes it vital to recommend them the regular monitoring of 25(OH)D concentration and use of reasonable supplementation.
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9
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Bandyopadhayaya S, Ford B, Mandal CC. Cold-hearted: A case for cold stress in cancer risk. J Therm Biol 2020; 91:102608. [PMID: 32716858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A negative correlation exists between environmental temperature and cancer risk based on both epidemiological and statistical analyses. Previously, cold stress was reported to be an effective cause of tumorigenesis. Several studies have demonstrated that cold temperature serves as a potential risk factor in cancer development. Most recently, a link was demonstrated between the effects of extreme cold climate on cancer incidence, pinpointing its impact on tumour suppressor genes by causing mutation. The underlying mechanism behind cold stress and its association with tumorigenesis is not well understood. Hence, this review intends to shed light on the role of associated factors, genetic and/or non-genetic, which are modulated by cold temperature, and eventually influence tumorigenic potential. While scrutinizing the effect of cold exposure on the body, the expression of certain genes, e.g. uncoupled proteins and heat-shock proteins, were elevated. Biological chemicals such as norepinephrine, thyroxine, and cholesterol were also elevated. Brown adipose tissue, which plays an essential role in thermogenesis, displayed enhanced activity upon cold exposure. Adaptive measures are utilized by the body to tolerate the cold, and in doing so, invites both epigenetic and genetic changes. Unknowingly, these adaptive strategies give rise to a lethal outcome i.e., genesis of cancer. Concisely, this review attempts to draw a link between cold stress, genetic and epigenetic changes, and tumorigenesis and aspires to ascertain the mechanism behind cold temperature-mediated cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridget Ford
- Department of Biology, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, 78209, USA
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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10
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Gkika D, Lolignier S, Grolez GP, Bavencoffe A, Shapovalov G, Gordienko D, Kondratskyi A, Meleine M, Prival L, Chapuy E, Etienne M, Eschalier A, Shuba Y, Skryma R, Busserolles J, Prevarskaya N. Testosterone-androgen receptor: The steroid link inhibiting TRPM8-mediated cold sensitivity. FASEB J 2020; 34:7483-7499. [PMID: 32277850 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902270r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed gender differences in cold perception, and pointed to a possible direct action of testosterone (TST) on the cold-activated TRPM8 (Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin Member 8) channel. However, the mechanisms by which TST influences TRPM8-mediated sensory functions remain elusive. Here, we show that TST inhibits TRPM8-mediated mild-cold perception through the noncanonical engagement of the Androgen Receptor (AR). Castration of both male rats and mice increases sensitivity to mild cold, and this effect depends on the presence of intact TRPM8 and AR. TST in nanomolar concentrations suppresses whole-cell TRPM8-mediated currents and single-channel activity in native dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and HEK293 cells co-expressing recombinant TRPM8 and AR, but not TRPM8 alone. AR cloned from rat DRGs shows no difference from standard AR. However, biochemical assays and confocal imaging reveal the presence of AR on the cell surface and its interaction with TRPM8 in response to TST, leading to an inhibition of channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Gkika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Lolignier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Analgesia, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume P Grolez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Bavencoffe
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Lille, France
| | - Georges Shapovalov
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Lille, France
| | - Dmitri Gordienko
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Lille, France
| | - Artem Kondratskyi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Lille, France.,Department of Neuromuscular Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mathieu Meleine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Analgesia, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laetitia Prival
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Analgesia, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Chapuy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Analgesia, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Monique Etienne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Analgesia, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Eschalier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Analgesia, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yaroslav Shuba
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Lille, France.,Department of Neuromuscular Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Skryma
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL - Physiologie Cellulaire, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Busserolles
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Analgesia, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Nakai Y, Tanaka N, Asakawa I, Anai S, Miyake M, Morizawa Y, Hori S, Owari T, Fujii T, Yamaki K, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto K. Prostate-specific antigen bounce after 125I-brachytherapy for prostate cancer is a favorable prognosticator in patients who are biochemical recurrence-free at 4 years and correlates with testosterone. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:58-65. [PMID: 31665354 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) bounce do not experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) until PSA bounce occurs, the period until PSA bounce ends can be considered the so-called lead-time bias. Therefore, we evaluated differences in BCR-free rate in prostate cancer patients who were BCR-free 4 years after 125I-brachytherapy alone. Furthermore, we evaluated predictors for PSA bounce and the correlation between testosterone and PSA bounce. METHODS From 2004 to 2012, 256 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma underwent 125I-brachytherapy alone. PSA and testosterone levels were monitored prior to 125I-brachytherapy, at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54 and 60 months after 125I-brachytherapy and yearly after 5-year follow-up. PSA bounce was defined as ≥0.2 ng/ml increase above the interval PSA nadir, followed by a decrease to nadir or below. RESULTS BCR-free rate in patients with PSA bounce (100% 7-year BCR-free rate) was significantly better (P < 0.044) than that in patients without PSA bounce (95.7% 7-year BCR-free rate) in patients who were BCR-free 4 years after 125I-brachytherapy alone (n = 223). Age was the only predictor (odds ratio: 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.88-0.98, P = 0.004) for PSA bounce (n = 177). The testosterone level at PSA bounce was significantly higher (P = 0.036) than that at nadir before PSA bounce (87 cases). CONCLUSIONS Patients with PSA bounce had good BCR-free rate even in patients who were BCR-free 4 years after 125I-brachytherapy alone. Testosterone levels were higher at PSA bounce; increased testosterone levels may be a cause of PSA bounce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Isao Asakawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuya Owari
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kaori Yamaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Santi D, Spaggiari G, Granata ARM, Setti M, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Simoni M. Seasonal Changes of Serum Gonadotropins and Testosterone in Men Revealed by a Large Data Set of Real-World Observations Over Nine Years. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 10:914. [PMID: 31998242 PMCID: PMC6965064 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental rhythmicity is able to affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in several animals to achieve reproductive advantages. However, conflicting results were obtained when assessing the environmental-dependent rhythmicity on reproductive hormone secretion in humans. This study was designed to evaluate seasonal fluctuations of the main hormones involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men, using a big data approach. An observational, retrospective, big data trial was carried out, including all testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) measurements performed in a single laboratory between January 2010 and January 2019 using Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay. Subjects presenting any factor interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis were excluded. The trend and seasonal distributions were analyzed using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. A total of 12,033 data, accounting for 7,491 men (mean age 47.46 ± 13.51 years, range 18-91 years) were included. Testosterone serum levels (mean 5.34 ± 2.06 ng/dL, range 1.70-15.80 ng/dL) showed a seasonal distribution with higher levels in summer and a direct correlation to environmental temperatures and daylight duration. LH levels (mean 4.64 ± 2.54 IU/L, range 1.00-15.00 IU/L) presented 2 peaks of secretion in autumn and spring, independently from environmental parameters. FSH levels (mean 5.51 ± 3.24 IU/L) did not show any seasonal distribution. A clear seasonal fluctuation of both LH and testosterone was demonstrated in a large cohort of adult men, although a circannual seasonality of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormones in humans could be not strictly evolutionarily required. Testosterone seasonality seems independent from LH fluctuations, which could be regulated by cyclic central genes expression, and more sensible to environmental temperatures and daylight duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio R. M. Granata
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Setti
- Service of Clinical Engineering, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
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13
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Santos R, Piccoli C, Cremonese C, Freire C. Thyroid and reproductive hormones in relation to pesticide use in an agricultural population in Southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:221-231. [PMID: 30928852 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association of short- and long-term exposure to pesticides with circulating levels of thyroid and reproductive hormones in an agricultural population in the South of Brazil. Serum specimens from 122 male and female adults residing in small agricultural properties were sampled both in the low and high pesticide use season. A comprehensive questionnaire was used to collect detailed information on recent and cumulative lifetime use of pesticides and other agricultural-related exposures. The difference in serum hormone levels between seasons was assessed by the T-test and Wilcoxon test for paired samples, and associations between pesticide exposure-related variables and hormone values were explored by multivariate linear regression analysis. Levels of total thyroxine (T4) and male testosterone were significantly reduced from the low to high pesticide use season. In the high exposure season, recent use of dithiocarbamate fungicides, not using full personal protection equipment, and use of manual equipment was associated with reduced levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Moreover, recent use of lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid) was associated with reduced total T4 and increased male luteinizing hormone (LH), use of paraquat (herbicide) with reduced free triiodothyronine (T3), and use of phthalamide (fungicide) with increased male LH. We also found associations of lifetime years of agricultural work with reduced total T4 and increased male testosterone; and of lifetime agricultural work and use of various pesticide classes (i.e. insecticides, herbicides, organophosphate insecticides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, and pyrethroids), mancozeb (fungicide), and paraquat with slight changes in free or total levels of T4 and/or T3. Findings suggest that both short- and long-term exposure to agricultural pesticides may alter thyroid hormones and male testosterone levels among farm residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramison Santos
- Centro Universitario da Serra Gaúcha (FSG), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 95020-472, Brazil.
| | - Camila Piccoli
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Cleber Cremonese
- Centro Universitario da Serra Gaúcha (FSG), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP: 95020-472, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18016, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (ENSP-FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21041-210, Brazil.
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14
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Lim ASP, Gaiteri C, Yu L, Sohail S, Swardfager W, Tasaki S, Schneider JA, Paquet C, Stuss DT, Masellis M, Black SE, Hugon J, Buchman AS, Barnes LL, Bennett DA, De Jager PL. Seasonal plasticity of cognition and related biological measures in adults with and without Alzheimer disease: Analysis of multiple cohorts. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002647. [PMID: 30180184 PMCID: PMC6122787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few data concerning the association between season and cognition and its neurobiological correlates in older persons-effects with important translational and therapeutic implications for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). We aimed to measure these effects. METHODS AND FINDINGS We analyzed data from 3,353 participants from 3 observational community-based cohort studies of older persons (the Rush Memory and Aging Project [MAP], the Religious Orders Study [ROS], and the Minority Aging Research Study [MARS]) and 2 observational memory-clinic-based cohort studies (Centre de Neurologie Cognitive [CNC] study at Lariboisière Hospital and the Sunnybrook Dementia Study [SDS]). We performed neuropsychological testing and, in subsets of participants, evaluated cerebrospinal fluid AD biomarkers, standardized structured autopsy measures, and/or prefrontal cortex gene expression by RNA sequencing. We examined the association between season and these variables using nested multiple linear and logistic regression models. There was a robust association between season and cognition that was replicated in multiple cohorts (amplitude = 0.14 SD [a measure of the magnitude of seasonal variation relative to overall variability; 95% CI 0.07-0.23], p = 0.007, in the combined MAP, ROS, and MARS cohorts; amplitude = 0.50 SD [95% CI 0.07-0.66], p = 0.017, in the SDS cohort). Average composite global cognitive function was higher in the summer and fall compared to winter and spring, with the difference equivalent in cognitive effect to 4.8 years' difference in age (95% CI 2.1-8.4, p = 0.002). Further, the odds of meeting criteria for mild cognitive impairment or dementia were higher in the winter and spring (odds ratio 1.31 [95% CI 1.10-1.57], p = 0.003). These results were robust against multiple potential confounders including depressive symptoms, sleep, physical activity, and thyroid status and persisted in cases with AD pathology. Moreover, season had a marked effect on cerebrospinal fluid Aβ 42 level (amplitude 0.30 SD [95% CI 0.10-0.64], p = 0.003), which peaked in the summer, and on the brain expression of 4 cognition-associated modules of co-expressed genes (m6: amplitude = 0.44 SD [95% CI 0.21-0.65], p = 0.0021; m13: amplitude = 0.46 SD [95% CI 0.27-0.76], p = 0.0009; m109: amplitude = 0.43 SD [95% CI 0.24-0.67], p = 0.0021; and m122: amplitude 0.46 SD [95% CI 0.20-0.71], p = 0.0012), which were in phase or anti-phase to the rhythms of cognition and which were in turn associated with binding sites for several seasonally rhythmic transcription factors including BCL11A, CTCF, EGR1, MEF2C, and THAP1. Limitations include the evaluation of each participant or sample once per annual cycle, reliance on self-report for measurement of environmental and behavioral factors, and potentially limited generalizability to individuals in equatorial regions or in the southern hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS Season has a clinically significant association with cognition and its neurobiological correlates in older adults with and without AD pathology. There may be value in increasing dementia-related clinical resources in the winter and early spring, when symptoms are likely to be most pronounced. Moreover, the persistence of robust seasonal plasticity in cognition and its neurobiological correlates, even in the context of concomitant AD pathology, suggests that targeting environmental or behavioral drivers of seasonal cognitive plasticity, or the key transcription factors and genes identified in this study as potentially mediating these effects, may allow us to substantially improve cognition in adults with and without AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. P. Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shahmir Sohail
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Claire Paquet
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, Hôpitaux Saint-Louis Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Inserm U942, Paris, France
| | - Donald T. Stuss
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra E. Black
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacques Hugon
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, Hôpitaux Saint-Louis Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Inserm U942, Paris, France
| | - Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Barreca A, Deschenes O, Guldi M. Maybe Next Month? Temperature Shocks and Dynamic Adjustments in Birth Rates. Demography 2018; 55:1269-1293. [PMID: 29968058 PMCID: PMC7457515 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-018-0690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We estimate the effects of temperature shocks on birth rates in the United States between 1931 and 2010. We find that days with a mean temperature above 80°F cause a large decline in birth rates 8 to 10 months later. Unlike prior studies, we demonstrate that the initial decline is followed by a partial rebound in births over the next few months, implying that populations mitigate some of the fertility cost by shifting conception month. This shift helps explain the observed peak in late-summer births in the United States. We also present new evidence that hot weather most likely harms fertility via reproductive health as opposed to sexual activity. Historical evidence suggests that air conditioning could be used to substantially offset the fertility costs of high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Barreca
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California-Los Angeles, La Kretz Hall, Suite 300, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1496, USA.
- IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany.
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Olivier Deschenes
- IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Economics, University of California-Santa Barbara, 2127 North Hall, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101-9120, USA
| | - Melanie Guldi
- Department of Economics, College of Business Administration, University of Central Florida, 4336 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, 32816-1400, USA
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16
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Saha S, Goswami R, Ramakrishnan L, Vishnubhatla S, Mahtab S, Kar P, Srinivasan S, Singh N, Singh U. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, skeletal muscle strength and serum testosterone in young healthy adult males: Randomized control trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:217-226. [PMID: 29095521 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholecalciferol and/or calcium supplementation might increase skeletal muscle strength and serum testosterone in young adult males. OBJECTIVE We performed a randomized control trial assessing the effect of cholecalciferol/calcium on skeletal muscle strength and serum testosterone in vitamin D deficient young males. DESIGN Two-by-two factorial RCT. SUBJECT AND INTERVENTION Two-hundred and twenty-eight young males were block-randomized to (i) double-placebo, (ii) calcium/placebo, (iii) cholecalciferol/placebo and (iv) cholecalciferol/calcium. Doses for cholecalciferol were 60 000 IU/wk for 8 weeks followed by 60 000 IU/fortnightly, and doses for elemental calcium were 500 mg/twice daily for 6 months. A total of 180 subjects completed the study protocol. Their ean age, body mass index and baseline 25(OH)D were 20.2 ± 2.2 years, 23.0 ± 3.6 kg/m2 and 21.5 ± 9.5 nmol/L, respectively. MEASUREMENTS Handgrip (primary outcome), pinch-grip strength, distance walked in 6 minutes, dyspnoea-score, quality of life by Short Form 36, serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2 D, iPTH, total testosterone and free androgen index (FAI). RESULTS After intervention, mean serum 25(OH)D was >75.0 nmol/L in cholecalciferol groups. However, the handgrip strength (29.7 ± 4.4, 29.3 ± 4.6, 30.6 ± 5.0 and 28.8 ± 4.3 kg, P = .28) was comparable in the 4 groups. Subgroups analysis among subjects with baseline serum 25OH)D < 25.0 and <12.0 nmol/L showed similar results. The mean serum testosterone decreased significantly at 6 months; however, delta change was similar in 4 groups. Change in handgrip strength and other outcomes was similar in 4 groups with and without adjustment for delta testosterone and FAI. CONCLUSIONS Six months of cholecalciferol/calcium supplementation had no significant effect on skeletal muscle strength and serum testosterone in young adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Saha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Goswami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Samrina Mahtab
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parmita Kar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Srinivasan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Upinderpal Singh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sim MY, Kim SH, Kim KM. Seasonal Variations and Correlations between Vitamin D and Total Testosterone Levels. Korean J Fam Med 2017; 38:270-275. [PMID: 29026487 PMCID: PMC5637218 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.5.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some studies have provided evidence for a possible association between vitamin D and testosterone levels; however, the evidence from studies in Koreans is inconsistent. In addition, insufficient evidence is available to support an association between seasonal variations in vitamin D and testosterone levels in Koreans. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D and testosterone levels, and between seasonal variations in these levels in Korean men. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1,559 men, aged 25–86 years, who underwent a medical examination. We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and total testosterone levels, and compared other laboratory test results and patient lifestyle characteristics. On the basis of sample collection time, we categorized patients into four seasons, and analyzed seasonal variability in 25(OH)D and total testosterone levels. Results The average participant age (±standard deviation) was 53.3±8.8 years, and the average serum 25(OH)D and total testosterone levels were 15.9±7.0 ng/mL and 5.1±1.6 ng/mL, respectively. In the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model, no significant association was found between 25(OH)D and testosterone levels (P=0.51). ANOVA of the average 25(OH)D levels in season-based groups revealed significant seasonal variations in 25(OH)D levels (P-value for trend <0.001). No significant association was found between seasonal variations in total testosterone levels (P=0.06). However, after adjustment for confounding variables, total testosterone and 25(OH)D showed significant seasonal variability (P=0.007 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion We found no significant correlation between serum 25(OH)D and total testosterone levels in Korean men. Moreover, serum 25(OH)D and total testosterone levels showed significant seasonal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Yeol Sim
- Department of Family Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
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18
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Kridin K, Grifat R, Khamaisi M. Is there an ethnic variation in the epidemiology of gonorrhoea? A retrospective population-based study from northern Israel over 15 years between 2001 and 2015. BMJ Open 2017. [PMID: 28645955 PMCID: PMC5541475 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the trends in the incidence of gonorrhoea through an extended period of time and to compare the epidemiology of gonorrhoea infection between 2 distinct ethnic groups (Jews and Arabs). DESIGN A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted on all consecutive patients diagnosed with gonorrhoea through the years 2001-2015. SETTING National Department of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health, Haifa District, Israel. PARTICIPANTS A total of 837 reports on gonorrhoea were received, derived from 779 (93.1%) male and 58 (6.9%) female patients. Approximately 1 million people reside in the Haifa region. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We examined the incidence rate of gonorrhoea among residents of Haifa District, northern Israel from 2001 to 2015, by reviewing archives of the Department of Epidemiology, Israeli Ministry of Health. Notified cases were stratified by age, gender and ethnicity. RESULTS The overall gonorrhoea incidence was 6.4 cases per 100 000 population per year. The annual incidence rate dropped from 20.5 per 100 000 population in 2001 to a period of 2.2 cases per 100 000 population in 2005, showing a >9-fold decline. This was followed by a relatively steady increase of incidence of 2.5-4.5 per 100 000 population from 2006 to 2015. Men were predominantly more affected than women, with a 13.4-fold higher incidence rate. The most affected age group was residents between 25 and 34 years old. The estimated rate among Jews was 2.5-fold higher relative to Arabs. Only 1.3% recurrent episodes of gonorrhoea were reported. The prevalence of HIV positivity among patients with gonorrhoea is significantly higher than that of the general population (500.0 vs 88.1 cases per 100 000 population, respectively, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Gonorrhoea incidence rate decreased dramatically until 2005, with no substantial subsequent fluctuations. The infection is much more prevalent among patients of Jewish ethnicity, possibly due to riskier sex practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf Kridin
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rami Grifat
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Haifa District Office, Ministry of Health, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Diabetes and Metabolism and Internal Medicine D, Institute of Endocrinology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Sher L. Commentary: CSF and Plasma Testosterone in Attempted Suicide. Front Public Health 2017; 5:92. [PMID: 28484697 PMCID: PMC5402225 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Sher
- James J. Peters Veterans' Administration Medical Center and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Keevil BG, Clifton S, Tanton C, Macdowall W, Copas AJ, Lee D, Field N, Mitchell KR, Sonnenberg P, Bancroft J, Mercer CH, Johnson AM, Wellings K, Wu FCW. Distribution of Salivary Testosterone in Men and Women in a British General Population-Based Sample: The Third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:14-25. [PMID: 29264442 PMCID: PMC5677216 DOI: 10.1210/js.2016-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Measurement of salivary testosterone (Sal-T) to assess androgen status offers important potential advantages in epidemiological research. The utility of the method depends on the interpretation of the results against robustly determined population distributions, which are currently lacking. Aim: To determine age-specific Sal-T population distributions for men and women. Methods: Morning saliva samples were obtained from participants in the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, a probability sample survey of the British general population. Sal-T was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Linear and quantile regression analyses were used to determine the age-specific 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for the general population (1675 men and 2453 women) and the population with health exclusions (1145 men and 1276 women). Results: In the general population, the mean Sal-T level in men decreased from 322.6 pmol/L at 18 years of age to 153.9 pmol/L at 69 years of age. In women, the decrease in the geometric mean Sal-T level was from 39.8 pmol/L at 18 years of age to 19.5 pmol/L at 74 years of age. The annual decrease varied with age, with an average of 1.0% to 1.4% in men and 1.3% to 1.5% in women. For women, the 2.5th percentile fell below the detection limit (<6.5 pmol/L) from age 52 years onward. The mean Sal-T level was approximately 6 times greater in men than in women, and this remained constant over the age range. The Sal-T level was lowest for men and highest for women in the summer. The results were similar for the general population with exclusions. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the sex- and age-specific distributions for Sal-T in a large representative population using a specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS technique. The present data can inform future population research by facilitating the interpretation of Sal-T results as a marker of androgen status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Keevil
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Tanton
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Macdowall
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Copas
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David Lee
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences, and
| | - Nigel Field
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - John Bancroft
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Cath H Mercer
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M Johnson
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kaye Wellings
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Andrology Research Unit, Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Costanzo PR, Knoblovits P. Vitamin D and male reproductive system. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 28:151-159. [PMID: 27902451 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent worldwide condition and affects people of all ages. The most important role of vitamin D is the regulation of intestinal calcium absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus to maintain muscle and bone homeostasis. Furthermore, in recent years it has been discovered that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is widely distributed in many organs and tissues where vitamin D can perform other actions that include the modulation of the immune response, insulin secretion, anti-proliferative effect on cells of vascular smooth muscle, modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and regulates cell growth in several organs. The VDR is widely distributed in the male reproductive system. Vitamin D induces changes in the spermatozoa's calcium and cholesterol content and in protein phosphorylation to tyrosine/threonine residues. These changes could be involved in sperm capacitation. Vitamin D seems to regulate aromatase expression in different tissues. Studies analyzing seasonal variations of sex steroids in male populations yield conflicting results. This is probably due to the wide heterogeneity of the populations included according to age, systemic diseases and obesity.
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Schumann M, Mykkänen OP, Doma K, Mazzolari R, Nyman K, Häkkinen K. Effects of endurance training only versus same-session combined endurance and strength training on physical performance and serum hormone concentrations in recreational endurance runners. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 40:28-36. [PMID: 25494869 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of endurance training only (E, n = 14) and same-session combined training, when strength training is repeatedly preceded by endurance loading (endurance and strength training (E+S), n = 13) on endurance (1000-m running time during incremental field test) and strength performance (1-repetition maximum (1RM) in dynamic leg press), basal serum hormone concentrations, and endurance loading-induced force and hormone responses in recreationally endurance-trained men. E was identical in the 2 groups and consisted of steady-state and interval running, 4-6 times per week for 24 weeks. E+S performed additional mixed-maximal and explosive-strength training (2 times per week) immediately following an incremental running session (35-45 min, 65%-85% maximal heart rate). E and E+S decreased running time at week 12 (-8% ± 5%, p = 0.001 and -7% ± 3%, p < 0.001) and 24 (-13% ± 5%, p < 0.001 and -9% ± 5%, p = 0.001). Strength performance decreased in E at week 24 (-5% ± 5%, p = 0.014) but was maintained in E+S (between-groups at week 12 and 24, p = 0.014 and 0.011, respectively). Basal serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations remained unaltered in E and E+S but testosterone/sex hormone binding globulin ratio decreased in E+S at week 12 (-19% ± 26%, p = 0.006). At week 0 and 24, endurance loading-induced acute force (-5% to -9%, p = 0.032 to 0.001) and testosterone and cortisol responses (18%-47%, p = 0.013 to p < 0.001) were similar between E and E+S. This study showed no endurance performance benefits when strength training was performed repeatedly after endurance training compared with endurance training only. This was supported by similar acute responses in force and hormonal measures immediately post-endurance loading after the training with sustained 1RM strength in E+S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schumann
- a Department of Biology of Physical Activity, PO Box 35 (VIV), 40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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23
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Tak YJ, Lee JG, Kim YJ, Park NC, Kim SS, Lee S, Cho BM, Kong EH, Jung DW, Yi YH. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and testosterone deficiency in middle-aged Korean men: a cross-sectional study. Asian J Androl 2015; 17:324-8. [PMID: 25532570 PMCID: PMC4650484 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.142137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that male hypogonadism is associated with a low level of vitamin D. However, no reports have investigated the effects of vitamin D on testosterone levels in Korean men. Our aim was to investigate whether testosterone levels are associated with serum vitamin D levels and whether seasonal variation exists. This cross-sectional study analyzed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total testosterone (TT), and free testosterone (FT) in 652 Korean men over 40 years of age who had undergone a comprehensive medical examination. The average age of the subjects was 56.7 ± 7.9 years, and the mean serum 25(OH)D, TT and FT levels were 21.23 ± 7.9 ng ml−1, 4.70 ± 1.6 ng ml−1, and 8.12 ± 3.3 pg ml−1, respectively. In the multiple linear regression model, 25(OH)D showed positive association with TT (β =0.137, P < 0.001) and FT (β =0.103, P = 0.008). 25(OH)D and FT showed similar seasonal or monthly variation after adjustment for age. A vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng ml−1] was associated with an increased risk of deficiencies of TT (<2.30 ng ml−1) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–5.78, P = 0.014) and FT (<6.50 pg ml−1) (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01–2.06 P = 0.048) after adjusting for age, season, body mass index, body composition, chronic disease, smoking, and alcohol use. In conclusion, we demonstrated a positive correlation between 25(OH)D and testosterone, which showed similar seasonal variation in Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Gyu Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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González-Sales M, Barrière O, Tremblay PO, Nekka F, Desrochers J, Tanguay M. Modeling Testosterone Circadian Rhythm in Hypogonadal Males: Effect of Age and Circannual Variations. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 18:217-27. [PMID: 26553482 PMCID: PMC4706275 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the baseline circadian rhythm of testosterone levels in hypogonadal men. A total of 859 baseline profiles of testosterone from hypogonadal men were included in this analysis. The circadian rhythm of the testosterone was described by a stretched cosine function. Model parameters were estimated using NONMEM® 7.3. The effect of different covariates on the testosterone levels was investigated. Model evaluation was performed using non-parametric bootstrap and predictive checks. A stretched cosine function deeply improved the data goodness of fit compared to the standard trigonometric function (p < 0.001; ΔOFV = −204). The effect of the age and the semester, defined as winter and spring versus summer and fall, were significantly associated with the baseline levels of testosterone (p < 0.001, ΔOFV = −15.6, and p < 0.001, ΔOFV = −47.0). Model evaluation procedures such as diagnostic plots, visual predictive check, and non-parametric bootstrap evidenced that the proposed stretched cosine function was able to model the time course of the diurnal testosterone levels in hypogonadal males with accuracy and precision. The circadian rhythm of the testosterone levels was better predicted by the proposed stretched cosine function than a standard cosine function. Testosterone levels decreased by 5.74 ng/dL (2.4%) every 10 years and were 19.3 ng/dL (8.1%) higher during winter and spring compared to summer and fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario González-Sales
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,inVentiv Health Clinical, 5160 Décarie, Montréal, Canada , H3X 2H9
| | - Olivier Barrière
- inVentiv Health Clinical, 5160 Décarie, Montréal, Canada , H3X 2H9.
| | | | | | - Julie Desrochers
- inVentiv Health Clinical, 5160 Décarie, Montréal, Canada , H3X 2H9
| | - Mario Tanguay
- inVentiv Health Clinical, 5160 Décarie, Montréal, Canada , H3X 2H9
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25
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Heijboer AC, Oosterwerff M, Schroten NF, Eekhoff EMW, Chel VGM, de Boer RA, Blankenstein MA, Lips P. Vitamin D supplementation and testosterone concentrations in male human subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:105-10. [PMID: 25557316 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A possible association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and testosterone levels has been reported; however, contradictory results have emerged. DESIGN To investigate a causal link between vitamin D and testosterone status, we studied the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum testosterone concentrations in three independent intervention studies including male patients with heart failure (study 1), male nursing home residents (study 2) and male non-Western immigrants in the Netherlands (study 3). METHODS In study 1, 92 subjects were randomized to either vitamin D (2000 IU cholecalciferol daily) or control. Blood was drawn at baseline, after 3 and 6 weeks. In study 2, 49 vitamin D deficient subjects received either vitamin D (600 IU daily) or placebo. Blood was drawn at baseline, after 8 and 16 weeks. In study 3, 43 vitamin D deficient subjects received either vitamin D (1200 IU daily) or placebo. Blood was drawn at baseline, after 8 and 16 weeks. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured using LC-MS/MS or radioimmunoassay. Testosterone levels were measured using a 2nd generation immunoassay. RESULTS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels significantly increased in all treatment groups (median increase of 27, 30 and 36 nmol/l in studies 1, 2 3, respectively) but not in the control groups. The documented increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, however, did not affect mean testosterone concentrations at the end of the study (median increase of 0, 0.5 and 0 nmol/l in studies 1, 2 and 3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this post hoc analysis of three small clinical trials of limited duration in men with normal baseline testosterone concentrations, vitamin D supplementation was not associated with an increase in circulating testosterone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Oosterwerff
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas F Schroten
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W Eekhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor G M Chel
- Overduin Katwijk, Katwijk, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marinus A Blankenstein
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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A novel application of salivary testosterone in systolic heart failure. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Sengupta P, Krajewska-Kulak E. Evaluation of physical fitness and weight status among fisherwomen in relation to their occupational workload. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2014; 4:261-8. [PMID: 25455643 PMCID: PMC7320334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fisherwomen contribute significantly to the coastal economy of Eastern India; however, data about their physical fitness and weight status are scant. OBJECTIVES The present cross-sectional study was designed to investigate cardiorespiratory fitness and weight status of fisherwomen, which may be influenced by their occupational workload, using morphometric and anthropometric measures. METHODS The study was conducted among young fisherwomen (mean age 23.7 years) randomly selected from Araku, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, and among young women who are not engaged in the fishing industry but are residents of Araku, who served as controls (mean age 21.3 years). Measurements of body composition included several anthropometric variables, while physical efficiency parameters included a physical fitness index (PFI), VO2max, total energy expenditure, and anaerobic capacity. RESULTS A significant difference (p<0.05) in body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), body fat percentage, diastolic blood pressure, fitness index, total energy expenditure, and anaerobic power was found in fisherwomen compared with controls. Analysis of collected data showed that the majority of the fisherwomen studied have a normal range of BMI (42%), but 6% of them were found to be mildly overweight. They also showed lower fat mass (13.5 [ ± 3.87]kg) and lower waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and conicity index. Additionally, they were found to have a moderate level of physical fitness (64.3 [ ± 1.97]%) and a higher total energy expenditure (4.92 [ ± 0.52]k.cal.min(-2)). CONCLUSION This study implies that physical fitness and weight status of young fisherwomen in Eastern India are influenced by their occupational workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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28
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Tan RB, Guay AT, Hellstrom WJ. Clinical Use of Aromatase Inhibitors in Adult Males. Sex Med Rev 2014; 2:79-90. [DOI: 10.1002/smrj.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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van Anders SM, Goldey KL, Bell SN. Measurement of testosterone in human sexuality research: methodological considerations. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2014; 43:231-50. [PMID: 23807216 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-013-0123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) and other androgens are incorporated into an increasingly wide array of human sexuality research, but there are a number of issues that can affect or confound research outcomes. This review addresses various methodological issues relevant to research design in human studies with T; unaddressed, these issues may introduce unwanted noise, error, or conceptual barriers to interpreting results. Topics covered are (1) social and demographic factors (gender and sex; sexual orientations and sexual diversity; social/familial connections and processes; social location variables), (2) biological rhythms (diurnal variation; seasonality; menstrual cycles; aging and menopause), (3) sample collection, handling, and storage (saliva vs. blood; sialogogues, saliva, and tubes; sampling frequency, timing, and context; shipping samples), (4) health, medical issues, and the body (hormonal contraceptives; medications and nicotine; health conditions and stress; body composition, weight, and exercise), and (5) incorporating multiple hormones. Detailing a comprehensive set of important issues and relevant empirical evidence, this review provides a starting point for best practices in human sexuality research with T and other androgens that may be especially useful for those new to hormone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari M van Anders
- Departments of Psychology and Women's Studies, Program in Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences Program, Science, Technology, and Society Program, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA,
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30
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Choi JC, Lee JH, Choi E, Chung MI, Seo SM, Lim HK. Effects of seasonal differences in testosterone and cortisol levels on pain responses under resting and anxiety conditions. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:216-23. [PMID: 24339310 PMCID: PMC3874911 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.1.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated whether hormones and pain perception are associated with exam anxiety, and also whether exam anxiety is affected by seasonal differences in testosterone and cortisol levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six healthy males were recruited from a medical college. Anxiety was induced by having participants perform the Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Pressure was applied to the participants to induce pain. Pain thresholds, pain ratings, anxiety ratings, blood pressure, heart rate, salivary testosterone and cortisol levels were measured under resting and anxiety conditions in the spring and summer. Data were collected from 46 participants during the spring (n=25) and summer (n=21). RESULTS Pain thresholds and testosterone levels were significantly lower under anxiety than at rest for all participants (n=46), while cortisol levels, pain ratings, and anxiety ratings were significantly higher under anxiety than at rest. In the spring (n=25), testosterone levels were significantly higher at rest than under anxiety, while there was no difference in cortisol levels between resting and anxiety conditions. In the summer (n=21), cortisol levels were significantly higher under anxiety than at rest, while there was no difference in testosterone levels between resting and anxiety conditions. There were no significant seasonal differences in pain and anxiety ratings and pain threshold. CONCLUSION These results indicate that seasonal differences in testosterone and cortisol levels under anxiety and at rest may affect pain responses. These results also suggest that acute clinical pain may be relieved by managing anxiety that is related to a decrease of testosterone in spring and a large increase of cortisol in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chan Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Brain Research Group, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 220-701, Korea.
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Albrizio M, Siniscalchi M, Sasso R, Quaranta A. Effects of the environment on dog semen parameters and testosterone concentration. Theriogenology 2013; 80:800-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bellastella G, Pane E, Iorio S, De Bellis A, Sinisi AA. Seasonal variations of plasma gonadotropin, prolactin, and testosterone levels in primary and secondary hypogonadism: evidence for an independent testicular role. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:339-42. [PMID: 23013937 DOI: 10.3275/8620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal hormonal rhythmicity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis may influence reproductive and sexual activity in mammals. AIM To investigate whether pituitary-gonadal axis secretion seasonality occurs in men with primary and secondary hypogonadism and whether a hierarchical machinery regulates these variations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Six adult males with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS), eight with idiopathic normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and ten sex- and age-matched healthy controls were studied longitudinally for one year. Every three months, three plasma samples for assay of testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin were drawn and the mean value was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Healthy males showed a significant seasonality in LH (zenith in spring) and testosterone (zenith in autumn) but not in FSH and prolactin concentrations. Patients with KS and those with HH showed a seasonal rhythmicity only of testosterone values, even if with small amplitude, with the zenith in spring and summer respectively. CONCLUSION The lack of dependence of testosterone on gonadotropin variations in normal men and the persistence of seasonal testosterone but not gonadotropin variations both in primary and secondary hypogonadism seem to indicate a possible independent testicular regulation of this seasonality. The shift of testosterone peak in hypogonadal men with respect to controls suggests that LH variations could play a synchronizing, rather than pace-making, role in seasonal testosterone variations. Since hormonal seasonality may also influence gonadal activity in humans, replacement therapy in hypogonadism should be aimed also at restoring a normal seasonal rhythmicity of pituitary-gonadal hormone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bellastella
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Smith RP, Coward RM, Kovac JR, Lipshultz LI. The evidence for seasonal variations of testosterone in men. Maturitas 2013; 74:208-12. [PMID: 23294933 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence exists to support the concept of diurnal variations in testosterone levels; however, substantiation for seasonal fluctuations is sparse and inconsistent. Since circadian disparities exist, laboratory screening for hypogonadism has traditionally been conducted using serum testosterone levels obtained in the early morning. Should circannual variability of testosterone be confirmed, it would make the monitoring of testosterone levels more difficult while forcing the development of seasonal reference standards to allow for comparison. Moreover, decisions to begin treatment and adjustment of practice patterns would likely follow. This review thoroughly explores all of the available evidence concerning seasonal variations in testosterone levels. The impacts of melatonin, vitamin D, sleep-wake cycles, light exposure, physical activity, BMI, and waist circumference are also discussed. Current research suggests that while some evidence exists to support the notion of seasonal testosterone variations, the discussed inconsistencies preclude the incorporation of this concept into current clinical standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Smith
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Robert M Coward
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason R Kovac
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Larry I Lipshultz
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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35
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Giannoulis MG, Martin FC, Nair KS, Umpleby AM, Sonksen P. Hormone replacement therapy and physical function in healthy older men. Time to talk hormones? Endocr Rev 2012; 33:314-77. [PMID: 22433122 PMCID: PMC5393154 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving physical function and mobility in a continuously expanding elderly population emerges as a high priority of medicine today. Muscle mass, strength/power, and maximal exercise capacity are major determinants of physical function, and all decline with aging. This contributes to the incidence of frailty and disability observed in older men. Furthermore, it facilitates the accumulation of body fat and development of insulin resistance. Muscle adaptation to exercise is strongly influenced by anabolic endocrine hormones and local load-sensitive autocrine/paracrine growth factors. GH, IGF-I, and testosterone (T) are directly involved in muscle adaptation to exercise because they promote muscle protein synthesis, whereas T and locally expressed IGF-I have been reported to activate muscle stem cells. Although exercise programs improve physical function, in the long-term most older men fail to comply. The GH/IGF-I axis and T levels decline markedly with aging, whereas accumulating evidence supports their indispensable role in maintaining physical function integrity. Several studies have reported that the administration of T improves lean body mass and maximal voluntary strength in healthy older men. On the other hand, most studies have shown that administration of GH alone failed to improve muscle strength despite amelioration of the detrimental somatic changes of aging. Both GH and T are anabolic agents that promote muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy but work through separate mechanisms, and the combined administration of GH and T, albeit in only a few studies, has resulted in greater efficacy than either hormone alone. Although it is clear that this combined approach is effective, this review concludes that further studies are needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of combined hormone replacement therapy in older men before the medical rationale of prescribing hormone replacement therapy for combating the sarcopenia of aging can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Finbarr C. Martin
- Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust (F.C.M.), and Institute of Gerontology (F.C.M.), King's College, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | | | - A. Margot Umpleby
- Department of Human Metabolism, Diabetes, and Metabolic Medicine (A.M.U.), Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sonksen
- St. Thomas' Hospital and King's College (P.S.), London SE1 7EW, United Kingdom; and Southampton University (P.S.), SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Lee DM, Tajar A, Pye SR, Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Bouillon R, O'Neill TW, Bartfai G, Casanueva FF, Finn JD, Forti G, Giwercman A, Han TS, Huhtaniemi IT, Kula K, Lean MEJ, Pendleton N, Punab M, Wu FCW. Association of hypogonadism with vitamin D status: the European Male Ageing Study. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:77-85. [PMID: 22048968 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interrelationships between hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis, hypogonadism, vitamin D and seasonality remain poorly defined. We investigated whether HPT axis hormones and hypogonadism are associated with serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in men. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional survey of 3369 community-dwelling men aged 40-79 years in eight European centres. Testosterone (T), oestradiol (E(2)) and dihydrotestosterone were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; LH, FSH, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone by immunoassay. Free T was calculated from total T, SHBG and albumin. Gonadal status was categorised as eugonadal (normal T/LH), secondary (low T, low/normal LH), primary (low T, elevated LH) and compensated (normal T, elevated LH) hypogonadism. Associations of HPT axis hormones with 25(OH)D were examined using linear regression and hypogonadism with vitamin D using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS In univariate analyses, free T levels were lower (P=0.02) and E(2) and LH levels were higher (P<0.05) in men with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <50 nmol/l). 25(OH)D was positively associated with total and free T and negatively with E(2) and LH in age- and centre-adjusted linear regressions. After adjusting for health and lifestyle factors, no significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D and individual hormones of the HPT axis. However, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with compensated (relative risk ratio (RRR)=1.52, P=0.03) and secondary hypogonadism (RRR=1.16, P=0.05). Seasonal variation was only observed for 25(OH)D (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Secondary and compensated hypogonadism were associated with vitamin D deficiency and the clinical significance of this relationship warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lee
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Seasonal variation of salivary testosterone in men, normally cycling women, and women using hormonal contraceptives. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:804-8. [PMID: 21802437 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Humans' endogenous testosterone concentrations vary over a number of temporal scales, with little known about variation longer than monthly cycles. Past studies of seasonal or circannual variation have principally used male participants and have produced inconsistent results. Thus, little is known about how testosterone concentrations fluctuate throughout the year, whether such variation differs between men and women, and whether there are influences of hormonal contraceptive use. The present study collected saliva samples from a large sample (N=718) of men and women, each collected at one time point within a relatively uniform distribution over a full calendar year. Both men and normally-cycling women displayed seasonal variation in salivary testosterone concentrations, such that testosterone concentrations are maximal in the fall and minimal in the summer. Notably, normally-cycling women had testosterone concentrations that were over 100% greater at their maximum in fall compared to their minimum in summer. Women using hormonal contraceptives not only had consistently lower endogenous testosterone concentrations, but also showed a flatter seasonal testosterone profile. The implications for studies of psychology and human behavioral endocrinology are discussed.
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Methodische Aspekte zur Bestimmung der Testosteronkonzentration als Biomarker der Gesundheit des Mannes/Challenges in the measurement of serum testosterone concentrations as a biomarker of men's health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/jlm.2011.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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ARNTL (BMAL1) and NPAS2 gene variants contribute to fertility and seasonality. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10007. [PMID: 20368993 PMCID: PMC2848852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian clocks guide the metabolic, cell-division, sleep-wake, circadian and seasonal cycles. Abnormalities in these clocks may be a health hazard. Circadian clock gene polymorphisms have been linked to sleep, mood and metabolic disorders. Our study aimed to examine polymorphisms in four key circadian clock genes in relation to seasonal variation, reproduction and well-being in a sample that was representative of the general population, aged 30 and over, living in Finland. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ARNTL, ARNTL2, CLOCK and NPAS2 genes were genotyped in 511 individuals. 19 variants were analyzed in relation to 31 phenotypes that were assessed in a health interview and examination study. With respect to reproduction, women with ARNTL rs2278749 TT genotype had more miscarriages and pregnancies, while NPAS2 rs11673746 T carriers had fewer miscarriages. NPAS2 rs2305160 A allele carriers had lower Global Seasonality Scores, a sum score of six items i.e. seasonal variation of sleep length, social activity, mood, weight, appetite and energy level. Furthermore, carriers of A allele at NPAS2 rs6725296 had greater loadings on the metabolic factor (weight and appetite) of the global seasonality score, whereas individuals with ARNTL rs6290035 TT genotype experienced less seasonal variation of energy level. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE ARNTL and NPAS2 gene variants were associated with reproduction and with seasonal variation. Earlier findings have linked ARNTL to infertility in mice, but this is the first time when any polymorphism of these genes is linked to fertility in humans.
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Agborsangaya C, Toriola AT, Grankvist K, Surcel HM, Holl K, Parkkila S, Tuohimaa P, Lukanova A, Lehtinen M. The effects of storage time and sampling season on the stability of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and androstenedione. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:51-7. [PMID: 20043259 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903191460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the stability of serum samples stored in large biobanks is pivotal for reliable assessment of hormone-dependent disease risks. We studied the effects of sample storage time and season of serum sampling on the stability of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) and androstenedione in a stratified random sample of 402 women, using paired sera from the Finnish Maternity Cohort. Serum samples selected were donated between 6 and 24 yr ago. The storage time did not affect serum 25-OHD and androstenedione levels. However, there was a significant mean difference in the 25-OHD levels of sera withdrawn during winter (first sample) vs. during summer (second sample; -18.4 nmol/l, P <or= 0.001). Also at the individual level, there were significant differences in average 25-OHD levels between individuals with the paired sera taken at winter-winter compared with other alternatives (summer-winter, winter-summer, and summer-summer). The androstenedione levels showed no such differences. Long-term storage does not affect serum 25-OHD and androstenedione levels, but sampling season is an important determinant of 25-OHD levels. Stored serum samples can be used to study disease associations with both hormones. However, sampling season needs to be taken into account for 25-OHD by considering matching and stratification and, if possible, serial sampling.
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Bjerner J, Biernat D, Fosså SD, Bjøro T. Reference intervals for serum testosterone, SHBG, LH and FSH in males from the NORIP project. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2010; 69:873-9.e1-11. [PMID: 19929279 DOI: 10.3109/00365510903380886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reference intervals were calculated for male testosterone, SHBG, FSH and LH in serum from 599 individuals in the NORIP study. At 30 years of age, reference limits were calculated to 10.4-32.6 nmol/L testosterone, 13.5-57.4 nmol/L SHBG, 1.93-9.7 IU/L LH and 1.5-10.3 IU/L FSH, at 50 years, 9.3-31.3 nmol/L (testosterone), 18.4-75.6 nmol/L (SHBG), 2.01-10.4 IU/L (LH) and 2.04-12.4 IU/L (FSH), and at 70 years 8.6 to 30.7 nmol/L (testosterone), 27.8-101 nmol/L (SHBG), 2.22-11.2 IU/L (LH) and 2.71-14.2 IU/L (FSH). All age-+related changes were statistically significant. Reference intervals were also calculated for indices derived from testosterone, SHBG and albumin. Free androgen index, simply the ratio between testosterone and SHBG, returned results differing from the other elaborate indices, and the study thus favors use of a more elaborate index such as calculated free testosterone (CFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bjerner
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Fürst Medical Laboratory and IKE/Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Sweden.
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Vitzthum VJ, Worthman CM, Beall CM, Thornburg J, Vargas E, Villena M, Soria R, Caceres E, Spielvogel H. Seasonal and circadian variation in salivary testosterone in rural Bolivian men. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 21:762-8. [PMID: 19367574 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone (T) plays a key role in the increase and maintenance of muscle mass and bone density in adult men. Life history theory predicts that environmental stress may prompt a reallocation of such investments to those functions critical to survival. We tested this hypothesis in two studies of rural Bolivian adult men by comparing free T levels and circadian rhythms during late winter, which is especially severe, to those in less arduous seasons. For each pair of salivary T(AM)/T(PM) samples (collected in a approximately 12-h period), circadian rhythm was considered classic (C(CLASSIC)) if T(AM) > 110%T(PM), reverse (C(REVERSE)) if T(PM) > 110%T(AM), and flat (C(FLAT)) otherwise. We tested the hypotheses that mean T(AM) > mean T(PM) and that mean T(LW) < mean T(OTHER) (LW = late winter, OTHER = other seasons). In Study A, of 115 T(PM)-T(AM) pairs, 51% = C(CLASSIC), 39% = C(REVERSE), 10% = C(FLAT); in Study B, of 184 T(AM)-T(PM) pairs, 55% = C(CLASSIC), 33% = C(REVERSE), 12% = C(FLAT). Based on fitting linear mixed models, in both studies T(OTHER-AM) > T(OTHER-PM) (A: P = 0.035, B: P = 0.0005) and T(OTHER-AM) > T(LW-AM) (A: P = 0.054, B: P = 0.007); T(PM) did not vary seasonally, and T diurnality was not significant during late winter. T diurnality varied substantially between days within an individual, between individuals and between seasons, but neither T levels nor diurnality varied with age. These patterns may reflect the seasonally varying but unscheduled, life-long, strenuous physical labor that typifies many non-industrialized economies. These results also suggest that single morning samples may substantially underestimate peak circulating T for an individual and, most importantly, that exogenous signals may moderate diurnality and the trajectory of age-related change in the male gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia J Vitzthum
- Anthropology Department and Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender & Reproduction, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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Clapauch R, Carmo AM, Marinheiro L, Buksman S, Pessoa I. Laboratory diagnosis of late-onset male hypogonadism andropause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 52:1430-8. [PMID: 19197450 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302008000900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate which factors influence the laboratorial diagnosis of late-onset male hypogonadism (LOH). METHODS Total testosterone (TT), SHBG and albumin were measured in 216 men aged 52-84 years. The laboratorial definition of LOH was two values of calculated free testosterone (cFT) <6.5 ng/dl, according to Vermeulen's formula. RESULTS At the first blood test, cFT was <6.5 ng/dl in 27% of the men. Laboratorial LOH (confirmed by two tests) was present in 19%, but TT levels were low in only 4.1%. Age influenced TT (p=0.0051) as well as BMI; 23.5% of patients > 70 years and 38.9% of the obese men who had TT within the reference range were, in fact, hypogonadal. CONCLUSION Especially in obese men and in those > 70 years old, SHBG dosage is important to calculate FT levels and diagnose hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Clapauch
- Hospital da Lagoa, Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Celec P, Smreková L, Ostatníková D, Cabajová Z, Hodosy J, Kúdela M. Lack of evidence for meteorological effects on infradian dynamics of testosterone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2009; 53:409-413. [PMID: 19396471 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-009-0225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climatic factors are known to influence the endocrine system. Previous studies have shown that circannual seasonal variations of testosterone might be partly explained by changes in air temperature. Whether infradian variations are affected by meteorological factors is unknown. To analyze possible effects of meteorological parameters on infradian variations of salivary testosterone levels in both sexes, daily salivary testosterone levels were measured during 1 month in 14 men and 17 women. A correlation analysis between hormonal levels and selected meteorological parameters was performed. The results indicate that high testosterone levels are loosely associated with cold, sunny and dry weather in both sexes. However, only the correlations between testosterone and air temperature (men) and actual cloudiness (women) were statistically significant (p < 0,05). Although some correlations reached the level of statistical significance, the effects of selected meteorological parameters on salivary testosterone levels remain unclear. Further longer-term studies concentrating on air temperature, cloudiness and average relative humidity in relation to the sex hormone axis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Celec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Sedliak M, Finni T, Cheng S, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K. Effect of Time‐of‐Day‐Specific Strength Training on Serum Hormone Concentrations and Isometric Strength in Men. Chronobiol Int 2009; 24:1159-77. [PMID: 18075805 DOI: 10.1080/07420520701800686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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CANNELL JOHNJ, HOLLIS BRUCEW, SORENSON MARCB, TAFT TIMOTHYN, ANDERSON JOHNJB. Athletic Performance and Vitamin D. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:1102-10. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181930c2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Andersen ML, Tufik S. The effects of testosterone on sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in men: Its bidirectional interaction with erectile function. Sleep Med Rev 2008; 12:365-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Individual data on menstrual cycles of noncontracepting women living in Western countries were used in order to verify whether the biological seasonality of conception persists after sexual behavior is controlled for. Episodes of intercourse were recorded daily, and the time of ovulation was detected by a marker We find that the seasonality of conception changes with woman's age and frequency of episodes of sexual intercourse. In particular; for women aged 27-31 having only one act of intercourse during the six most fertile days of the menstrual cycle, the seasonality of fecundability is stronger In this age group in the Northern Hemisphere, if seasonality of acts of sexual intercourse is controlled, the monthly distribution of probability of conception is bimodal, with two maxima (September and January) and two minima (December and March). When unobserved characteristics of the couples are considered, this seasonal pattern of conception persists.
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Pawlowski B, Sorokowski P. Men's Attraction to Women's Bodies Changes Seasonally. Perception 2008; 37:1079-85. [DOI: 10.1068/p5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Humans exhibit seasonal variation in hormone levels, behaviour, and perception. Here we show that men's assessments of women's attractiveness change also seasonally. In five seasons (from winter 2004 to winter 2005) 114 heterosexual men were asked to assess the attractiveness of the same stimuli: photos of a female with three different waist-to-hip ratios; photos of female breasts, and photos of average-looking faces of young women. For each season, the scores given to the stimuli of the same category (body shape, breast, and face) were combined. Friedman's test revealed significant changes for body shape and breast attractiveness assessments across the seasons, but no changes for face ratings. The highest scores for attractiveness were given in winter and the lowest in summer. We suggest that the observed seasonality is related to the well-known ‘contrast effect’. More frequent exposure to women's bodies in warmer seasons might increase men's attractiveness criteria for women's body shape and breasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogus∤aw Pawlowski
- Departamento de Ecologia Humana, CINVESTAV-Mérida, Unidad Mérida Km, 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yuc, México; and Institute of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kuźnicza 35, Wroc∤aw 50-951, Poland
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Matchock RL, Dorn LD, Susman EJ. Diurnal and seasonal cortisol, testosterone, and DHEA rhythms in boys and girls during puberty. Chronobiol Int 2007; 24:969-90. [PMID: 17994350 DOI: 10.1080/07420520701649471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal and seasonal rhythms of cortisol, testosterone, and DHEA were examined, as little is known about the relationship between these rhythmicities and pubertal development. Salivary samples were obtained from 60 boys and 60 girls at approximately 07:45, 08:00, 08:30, 12:00, 16:50, and 21:00 h. The participants' ages ranged from 8-14 yrs, and each participant was tested three times at six-month intervals. The study was conducted at a General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) and at the homes of the participants. All hormones showed diurnal fluctuations. The acrophase (peak time) of cortisol occurred earlier than for testosterone or DHEA and showed a seasonal effect, with the acrophase occurring earlier in spring than in summer. The cortisol acrophase also occurred later in the day for boys than for girls during later puberty. Seasonal effects were found only for cortisol with higher concentrations in the spring and summer. Cortisol concentrations were relatively stable across pubertal maturation, but significantly lower concentrations were observed at pubertal stage 3 compared to the other stages. Morning cortisol levels were also higher in boys at pubertal stage 2. Testosterone concentrations were higher in boys at pubertal stages 3 and 4, and DHEA was lower at pubertal stage 1 than 3 and 4 for both boys and girls. For the total sample, there was a positive correlation between DHEA and testosterone during early puberty (stages 1-3) but not later puberty (stages 4-5). Awakening secretory activity correlated with daytime secretory activity for testosterone and DHEA, but not for cortisol. These data provide novel chronobiological information on cortisol, testosterone, and DHEA as it relates to sexual maturation and encourage further study on both normal and abnormal endocrine rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Matchock
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona, Pennsylvania 16601, USA.
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