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Nicholas AK, Serra EG, Cangul H, Alyaarubi S, Ullah I, Schoenmakers E, Deeb A, Habeb AM, Almaghamsi M, Peters C, Nathwani N, Aycan Z, Saglam H, Bober E, Dattani M, Shenoy S, Murray PG, Babiker A, Willemsen R, Thankamony A, Lyons G, Irwin R, Padidela R, Tharian K, Davies JH, Puthi V, Park SM, Massoud AF, Gregory JW, Albanese A, Pease-Gevers E, Martin H, Brugger K, Maher ER, Chatterjee VKK, Anderson CA, Schoenmakers N. Comprehensive Screening of Eight Known Causative Genes in Congenital Hypothyroidism With Gland-in-Situ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:4521-4531. [PMID: 27525530 PMCID: PMC5155683 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lower TSH screening cutoffs have doubled the ascertainment of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), particularly cases with a eutopically located gland-in-situ (GIS). Although mutations in known dyshormonogenesis genes or TSHR underlie some cases of CH with GIS, systematic screening of these eight genes has not previously been undertaken. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the contribution and molecular spectrum of mutations in eight known causative genes (TG, TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, SLC5A5, SLC26A4, IYD, and TSHR) in CH cases with GIS. Patients, Design, and Setting: We screened 49 CH cases with GIS from 34 ethnically diverse families, using next-generation sequencing. Pathogenicity of novel mutations was assessed in silico. PATIENTS, DESIGN, AND SETTING We screened 49 CH cases with GIS from 34 ethnically diverse families, using next-generation sequencing. Pathogenicity of novel mutations was assessed in silico. RESULTS Twenty-nine cases harbored likely disease-causing mutations. Monogenic defects (19 cases) most commonly involved TG (12), TPO (four), DUOX2 (two), and TSHR (one). Ten cases harbored triallelic (digenic) mutations: TG and TPO (one); SLC26A4 and TPO (three), and DUOX2 and TG (six cases). Novel variants overall included 15 TG, six TPO, and three DUOX2 mutations. Genetic basis was not ascertained in 20 patients, including 14 familial cases. CONCLUSIONS The etiology of CH with GIS remains elusive, with only 59% attributable to mutations in TSHR or known dyshormonogenesis-associated genes in a cohort enriched for familial cases. Biallelic TG or TPO mutations most commonly underlie severe CH. Triallelic defects are frequent, mandating future segregation studies in larger kindreds to assess their contribution to variable phenotype. A high proportion (∼41%) of unsolved or ambiguous cases suggests novel genetic etiologies that remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline K Nicholas
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eva G Serra
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hakan Cangul
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Saif Alyaarubi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Irfan Ullah
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Deeb
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abdelhadi M Habeb
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Almaghamsi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Peters
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nisha Nathwani
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zehra Aycan
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Halil Saglam
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ece Bober
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mehul Dattani
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Savitha Shenoy
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philip G Murray
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Babiker
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben Willemsen
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay Thankamony
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Lyons
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Irwin
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Raja Padidela
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kavitha Tharian
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Justin H Davies
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vijith Puthi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Soo-Mi Park
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed F Massoud
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John W Gregory
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Assunta Albanese
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien Pease-Gevers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Martin
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Brugger
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V Krishna K Chatterjee
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carl A Anderson
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories (A.K.N., E.S., G.L., V.K.K.C., N.S.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics (E.G.S., C.A.A.), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Regenerative and Restorative Medicine (H.C.), Department of Medical Genetics Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık, Istanbul, Turkey; Pediatric Endocrine Unit (S.A., I.U.), Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Paediatric Endocrinology Department (A.D.), Mafraq Hospital, AbuDhabi, United Arab Emirates; Pediatric Department Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (A.M.H.), Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (M.A.), Madina Maternity & Children's Hospital Madina Munawara, Saudi Arabia; 8. Department of Endocrinology (C.P.), Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (N.N.), Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology (Z.A.), Dr Sami Ulus Woman Health and Children Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (H.S.), Uludağ University, School of Medicine Bursa, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (E.B.), Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine Izmir, Turkey; Developmental Endocrinology Research Group (M.D.), Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (S.S.), Leicester Royal infirmary, Leicester United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health (P.G.M.), Institute of Human Development University of Manchester, and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Paediatric Endocrinology Division (A.B.), College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics (R.W., A.T.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; W Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory (R.I.), Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (R.P.), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (K.T.), Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (J.H.D.), University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics (V.P.), Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.-M.P.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge United Kingdom; London N W Healthcare NHS Trust (A.F.M.), Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Division of Population Medicine (J.W.G.), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Cardiff, UK; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (A.A.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology (E.P.-G.), William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London and Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (H.M., K.B., E.R.M.), University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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