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Makimoto A, Fujisaki H, Matsumoto K, Takahashi Y, Cho Y, Morikawa Y, Yuza Y, Tajiri T, Iehara T. Retinoid Therapy for Neuroblastoma: Historical Overview, Regulatory Challenges, and Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:544. [PMID: 38339295 PMCID: PMC10854948 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives and include trans-retinoic acid, isotretinoin, tamibarotene, and bexarotene, all of which are currently available for clinical use. The clinical development of retinoid therapy for neuroblastoma has a history spanning more than four decades. The most promising agent is isotretinoin, which can contribute to improving event-free survival in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma by approximately 10% when administered over six months as maintenance therapy. Although isotretinoin is regarded as an essential component in the standard clinical management of high-risk neuroblastoma, its use for this purpose in the US and EU is off-label. To promote isotretinoin use in Japan as a treatment for neuroblastoma, our clinical research team is planning to launch an investigator-initiated, registration-directed clinical trial. The present review article discusses the basic science behind retinoid therapy, pre-clinical/clinical evidence on neuroblastoma, the concept of the proposed clinical trial, and prospects for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Makimoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan;
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Fujisaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021, Japan;
| | - Kimikazu Matsumoto
- Children’s Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan;
| | - Yuko Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiko Morikawa
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan;
| | - Yuki Yuza
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Fuchu 183-8561, Japan;
| | - Tatsuro Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
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2
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Mendonza JJ, Reddy ST, Dutta H, Makani VKK, Uppuluri VM, Jain N, Bhadra MP. Retinoic acid and evernyl-based menadione-triazole hybrid cooperate to induce differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2651-2665. [PMID: 37097334 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma arises when immature neural precursor cells do not mature into specialized cells. Although retinoic acid (RA), a pro-differentiation agent, improves the survival of low-grade neuroblastoma, resistance to retinoic acid is found in high-grade neuroblastoma patients. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors induce differentiation and arrest the growth of cancer cells; however, HDAC inhibitors are FDA-approved mostly for liquid tumors. Therefore, combining histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and retinoic acid can be explored as a strategy to trigger the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells and to overcome resistance to retinoic acid. Based on this rationale, in this study, we linked evernyl group and menadione-triazole motifs to synthesize evernyl-based menadione-triazole hybrids and asked if the hybrids cooperate with retinoic acid to trigger the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. To answer this question, we treated neuroblastoma cells using evernyl-based menadione-triazole hybrids (6a-6i) or RA or both and examined the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Among the hybrids, we found that compound 6b inhibits class-I HDAC activity, induces differentiation, and RA co-treatments increase 6b-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. In addition, 6b reduces cell proliferation, induces expression of differentiation-specific microRNAs leading to N-Myc downregulation, and RA co-treatments enhance the 6b-induced effects. We observed that 6b and RA trigger a switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, maintain mitochondrial polarization, and increase oxygen consumption rate. We conclude that in evernyl-based menadione-triazole hybrid, 6b cooperates with RA to induce differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Based on our results, we suggest that combining RA and 6b can be pursued as therapy for neuroblastoma. Schematic representation of RA and 6b in inducing differentiation of neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolly Janette Mendonza
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Srilakshmi Tirupathamma Reddy
- Center for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Hashnu Dutta
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Venkata Krishna Kanth Makani
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Venkata Mallavadhani Uppuluri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Center for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India.
| | - Nishant Jain
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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3
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Ramaiah MJ, Tangutur AD, Manyam RR. Epigenetic modulation and understanding of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2021; 277:119504. [PMID: 33872660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in tumor initiation and progression is well documented. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyl transferases (HMTs), and DNA methyl transferases. (DNMTs) are the main proteins that are involved in regulating the chromatin conformation. Among these, histone deacetylases (HDAC) deacetylate the histone and induce gene repression thereby leading to cancer. In contrast, histone acetyl transferases (HATs) that include GCN5, p300/CBP, PCAF, Tip 60 acetylate the histones. HDAC inhibitors are potent drug molecules that can induce acetylation of histones at lysine residues and induce open chromatin conformation at tumor suppressor gene loci and thus resulting in tumor suppression. The key processes regulated by HDAC inhibitors include cell-cycle arrest, chemo-sensitization, apoptosis induction, upregulation of tumor suppressors. Even though FDA approved drugs are confined mainly to haematological malignancies, the research on HDAC inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are providing positive results. Thus, several combinations of HDAC inhibitors along with DNA methyl transferase inhibitors and histone methyl transferase inhibitors are in clinical trials. This review focuses on how HDAC inhibitors regulate the expression of coding and non-coding genes with specific emphasis on their anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Laboratory of Functional genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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4
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Pinto N, DuBois SG, Marachelian A, Diede SJ, Taraseviciute A, Glade Bender JL, Tsao-Wei D, Groshen SG, Reid JM, Haas-Kogan DA, Reynolds CP, Kang MH, Irwin MS, Macy ME, Villablanca JG, Matthay KK, Park JR. Phase I study of vorinostat in combination with isotretinoin in patients with refractory/recurrent neuroblastoma: A new approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) trial. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27023. [PMID: 29603591 PMCID: PMC6040651 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vorinostat combined with retinoids produces additive antitumor effects in preclinical studies of neuroblastoma. Higher systemic exposures of vorinostat than achieved in pediatric phase I trials with continuous daily dosing are necessary for in vivo increased histone acetylation and cytotoxic activity. We conducted a phase I trial in children with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of vorinostat on an interrupted schedule, escalating beyond the previously identified pediatric MTD. METHODS Isotretinoin (cis-13-retinoic acid) 80 mg/m2 /dose was administered by mouth twice daily on days 1-14 in combination with escalating doses of daily vorinostat up to 430 mg/m2 /dose (days 1-4; 8-11) in each 28-day cycle using the standard 3 + 3 design. Vorinostat pharmacokinetic testing and histone acetylation assays were performed. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma were enrolled and 28 were evaluable for dose escalation decisions. Median number of cycles completed was two (range 1-15); 11 patients received four or more cycles. Three patients experienced cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicities. A total of 18 patients experienced grade 3/4 toxicities related to study therapy. The maximum intended dose of vorinostat (430 mg/m2 /day, days 1-4; 8-11) was tolerable and led to increased histone acetylation in surrogate tissues when compared to lower doses of vorinostat (P = 0.009). No objective responses were seen. CONCLUSIONS Increased dose vorinostat (430 mg/m2 /day) on an interrupted schedule is tolerable in combination with isotretinoin. This dose led to increased vorinostat exposures and demonstrated increased histone acetylation. Prolonged stable disease in patients with minimal residual disease warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Pinto
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Araz Marachelian
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott J. Diede
- Global Clinical Development—Oncology, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania
| | - Agne Taraseviciute
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julia L. Glade Bender
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | - Denice Tsao-Wei
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan G. Groshen
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joel M. Reid
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daphne A. Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C. Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Min H. Kang
- Cancer Center and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Meredith S. Irwin
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margaret E. Macy
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Judith G. Villablanca
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine K. Matthay
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California,UCSF School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Julie R. Park
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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5
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Almeida VR, Vieira IA, Buendia M, Brunetto AT, Gregianin LJ, Brunetto AL, Klamt F, de Farias CB, Abujamra AL, Lopez PLDC, Roesler R. Combined Treatments with a Retinoid Receptor Agonist and Epigenetic Modulators in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7610-7619. [PMID: 27832522 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid childhood tumor accounting for around 15% of pediatric cancer deaths and most probably originates from a failure in the development of embryonic neural crest cells. Retinoids can inhibit the proliferation and stimulate differentiation of NB cells. In addition, epigenetic events involving changes in chromatin structure and DNA methylation can mediate the effects of retinoids; hence, the scope of this study is to investigate the use of retinoids and epigenetic drugs in NB cell lines. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of retinoid all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) with inhibitors of either histone deacetylases (HDACs) or DNA methyltransferase is more effective in impairing the proliferation of human SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2) NB cells than any drug given alone. Treatments also induced differential changes on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of retinoid receptor subtypes and reduced the protein content of c-Myc, the neuronal markers NeuN and β-3 tubulin, and the oncoprotein Bmi1. These results suggest that the combination of retinoids with epigenetic modulators is more effective in reducing NB growth than treatment with single drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Rösner Almeida
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Igor Araujo Vieira
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marienela Buendia
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | - Lauro J Gregianin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Pediatric Oncology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Klamt
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90420-140, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abujamra
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Univates University Center, Lajeado, RS, 95900-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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6
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Koriyama Y, Takagi Y, Chiba K, Yamazaki M, Sugitani K, Arai K, Suzuki H, Kato S. Requirement of retinoic acid receptor β for genipin derivative-induced optic nerve regeneration in adult rat retina. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71252. [PMID: 23940731 PMCID: PMC3735487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Like other CNS neurons, mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are unable to regenerate their axons after nerve injury due to a diminished intrinsic regenerative capacity. One of the reasons why they lose the capacity for axon regeneration seems to be associated with a dramatic shift in RGCs’ program of gene expression by epigenetic modulation. We recently reported that (1R)-isoPropyloxygenipin (IPRG001), a genipin derivative, has both neuroprotective and neurite outgrowth activities in murine RGC-5 retinal precursor cells. These effects were both mediated by nitric oxide (NO)/S-nitrosylation signaling. Neuritogenic activity was mediated by S-nitrosylation of histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2), which subsequently induced retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) expression via chromatin remodeling in vitro. RARβ plays important roles of neural growth and differentiation in development. However, the role of RARβ expression during adult rat optic nerve regeneration is not clear. In the present study, we extended this hypothesis to examine optic nerve regeneration by IPRG001 in adult rat RGCs in vivo. We found a correlation between RARβ expression and neurite outgrowth with age in the developing rat retina. Moreover, we found that IPRG001 significantly induced RARβ expression in adult rat RGCs through the S-nitrosylation of HDAC2 processing mechanism. Concomitant with RARβ expression, adult rat RGCs displayed a regenerative capacity for optic axons in vivo by IPRG001 treatment. These neuritogenic effects of IPRG001 were specifically suppressed by siRNA for RARβ. Thus, the dual neuroprotective and neuritogenic actions of genipin via S-nitrosylation might offer a powerful therapeutic tool for the treatment of RGC degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Koriyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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7
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Matera I, Musso M, Griseri P, Rusmini M, Di Duca M, So MT, Mavilio D, Miao X, Tam PH, Ravazzolo R, Ceccherini I, Garcia-Barcelo M. Allele-specific expression at the RET locus in blood and gut tissue of individuals carrying risk alleles for Hirschsprung disease. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:754-62. [PMID: 23441071 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
RET common variants are associated with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR; colon aganglionosis), a congenital defect of the enteric nervous system. We analyzed a well-known HSCR-associated RET haplotype that encompasses linked alleles in coding and noncoding/regulatory sequences. This risk haplotype correlates with reduced level of RET expression when compared with the wild-type counterpart. As allele-specific expression (ASE) contributes to phenotypic variability in health and disease, we investigated whether RET ASE could contribute to the overall reduction of RET mRNA detected in carriers. We tested heterozygous neuroblastoma cell lines, ganglionic gut tissues (18 HSCR and 14 non-HSCR individuals) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; 16 HSCR and 14 non-HSCR individuals). Analysis of the data generated by SNaPshot and Pyrosequencing revealed that the RET risk haplotype is significantly more expressed in gut than in PBMCs (P = 0.0045). No ASE difference was detected between patients and controls, irrespective of the sample type. Comparison of total RET expression levels between gut samples with and without ASE, correlated reduced RET expression with preferential transcription from the RET risk haplotype. Nonrandom RET ASE occurs in ganglionic gut regardless of the disease status. RET ASE should not be excluded as a disease mechanism acting during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Matera
- UOC Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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8
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Ververis K, Hiong A, Karagiannis TC, Licciardi PV. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs): multitargeted anticancer agents. Biologics 2013; 7:47-60. [PMID: 23459471 PMCID: PMC3584656 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s29965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are an emerging class of therapeutics with potential as anticancer drugs. The rationale for developing HDAC inhibitors (and other chromatin-modifying agents) as anticancer therapies arose from the understanding that in addition to genetic mutations, epigenetic changes such as dysregulation of HDAC enzymes can alter phenotype and gene expression, disturb homeostasis, and contribute to neoplastic growth. The family of HDAC inhibitors is large and diverse. It includes a range of naturally occurring and synthetic compounds that differ in terms of structure, function, and specificity. HDAC inhibitors have multiple cell type-specific effects in vitro and in vivo, such as growth arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis in malignant cells. HDAC inhibitors have the potential to be used as monotherapies or in combination with other anticancer therapies. Currently, there are two HDAC inhibitors that have received approval from the US FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, Zolinza) and depsipeptide (romidepsin, Istodax). More recently, depsipeptide has also gained FDA approval for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Many more clinical trials assessing the effects of various HDAC inhibitors on hematological and solid malignancies are currently being conducted. Despite the proven anticancer effects of particular HDAC inhibitors against certain cancers, many aspects of HDAC enzymes and HDAC inhibitors are still not fully understood. Increasing our understanding of the effects of HDAC inhibitors, their targets and mechanisms of action will be critical for the advancement of these drugs, especially to facilitate the rational design of HDAC inhibitors that are effective as antineoplastic agents. This review will discuss the use of HDAC inhibitors as multitargeted therapies for malignancy. Further, we outline the pharmacology and mechanisms of action of HDAC inhibitors while discussing the safety and efficacy of these compounds in clinical studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ververis
- Epigenomic Medicine, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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9
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Dummer R, Beyer M, Hymes K, Epping MT, Bernards R, Steinhoff M, Sterry W, Kerl H, Heath K, Ahern JD, Hardwick JS, Garcia-Vargas J, Baumann K, Rizvi S, Frankel SR, Whittaker SJ, Assaf C. Vorinostat combined with bexarotene for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma:in vitroand phase I clinical evidence supporting augmentation of retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor activation by histone deacetylase inhibition. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1501-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.656625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Sun DF, Gao ZH, Liu HP, Yuan Y, Qu XJ. Sphingosine 1-phosphate antagonizes the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in a human colon cancer cell line by modulation of RARβ expression. Cancer Lett 2012; 319:182-189. [PMID: 22261335 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a promising therapeutic agent, but exhibits low efficacy against human cancers. We investigated the effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on ATRA activity in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. S1P antagonized ATRA activity on HT-29 cell proliferation and retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ) expression. S1P treatment or transient co-transfection with SphK2 expression vector antagonized ATRA-induced RARβ promoter activity. Proteasome inhibition prevented S1P-induced modulation of ATRA activity. Overall, S1P antagonized ATRA's inhibitory effects by down-regulating RARβ expression, likely via the proteasome-dependent pathway. Decreasing S1P production or inhibiting SphK2 activity could enhance the efficacy of retinoids in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Fu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science, Yan Tai University, Shandong, China
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hui-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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11
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Koriyama Y, Takagi Y, Chiba K, Yamazaki M, Arai K, Matsukawa T, Suzuki H, Sugitani K, Kagechika H, Kato S. Neuritogenic activity of a genipin derivative in retinal ganglion cells is mediated by retinoic acid receptor β expression through nitric oxide/S-nitrosylation signaling. J Neurochem 2011; 119:1232-42. [PMID: 21995424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genipin, a herbal iridoid, is known to have both neuroprotective and neuritogenic activity in neuronal cell lines. As it is structurally similar to tetrahydrobiopterin, its activity is believed to be nitric oxide (NO)-dependent. We previously proposed a novel neuroprotective activity of a genipin derivative, (1R)-isoPropyloxygenipin (IPRG001), whereby it reduces oxidative stress in RGC-5, a neuronal precursor cell line of retinal origin through protein S-nitrosylation. In the present study, we investigated another neuritogenic property of IPRG001 in RGC-5 cells and retinal explant culture where in we focused on the NO-cGMP-dependent and protein S-nitrosylation pathways. IPRG001 stimulated neurite outgrowth in RGC-5 cells and retinal explant culture through NO-dependent signaling, but not NO-dependent cGMP signaling. Neurite outgrowth with IPRG001 requires retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) expression, which is suppressed by an RAR blocking agent and siRNA inhibition. Thereby, we hypothesized that RARβ expression is mediated by protein S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation of histone deacetylase 2 is a key mechanism in chromatin remodeling leading to transcriptional gene activation. We found a parallelism between S-nitrosylation of histone diacetylase 2 and the induction of RARβ expression with IPRG001 treatment. The both neuroprotective and neuritogenic activities of genipin could be a new target for the regeneration of retinal ganglion cells after glaucomatous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Koriyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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12
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Abstract
Advances in our understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms for transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell, and the aberrant control of complementary pathways, have presented a much more complex set of challenges for the diagnostic and therapeutic disciplines than originally appreciated. The oncology field has entered an era of personalized medicine where treatment selection for each cancer patient is becoming individualized or customized. This advance reflects the molecular and genetic composition of the tumors and progress in biomarker technology, which allow us to align the most appropriate treatment according to the patient's disease. There is a worldwide acceptance that advances in our ability to identify predictive biomarkers and provide them as companion diagnostics for stratifying and subgrouping patients represents the next leap forward in improving the quality of clinical care in oncology. As such, we are progressing from a population-based empirical 'one drug fits all' treatment model, to a focused personalized approach where rational companion diagnostic tests support the drug's clinical utility by identifying the most responsive patient subgroup.
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Tang XH, Gudas LJ. Retinoids, retinoic acid receptors, and cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2011; 6:345-64. [PMID: 21073338 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids (i.e., vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid, and related signaling molecules) induce the differentiation of various types of stem cells. Nuclear retinoic acid receptors mediate most but not all of the effects of retinoids. Retinoid signaling is often compromised early in carcinogenesis, which suggests that a reduction in retinoid signaling may be required for tumor development. Retinoids interact with other signaling pathways, including estrogen signaling in breast cancer. Retinoids are used to treat cancer, in part because of their ability to induce differentiation and arrest proliferation. Delivery of retinoids to patients is challenging because of the rapid metabolism of some retinoids and because epigenetic changes can render cells retinoid resistant. Successful cancer therapy with retinoids is likely to require combination therapy with drugs that regulate the epigenome, such as DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors, as well as classical chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, retinoid research benefits both cancer prevention and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Yang H, Zhan Q, Wan YJY. Enrichment of Nur77 mediated by retinoic acid receptor β leads to apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by fenretinide and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Hepatology 2011; 53:865-74. [PMID: 21319187 PMCID: PMC3077573 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The synthetic retinoid fenretinide is one of the most promising clinically tested retinoids. Previously, we have shown that fenretinide induces apoptosis of Huh7 cells, but HepG2 cells are relatively resistant to fenretinide-induced apoptosis. This study examines the interactive role of fenretinide and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in inducing apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the underlying mechanism. Trichostatin A and scriptaid can either enhance fenretinide-induced apoptosis in the fenretinide sensitive HCC cells (Huh7 and Hep3B) or sensitize the fenretinide resistant cells (HepG2) to become sensitive to the apoptotic effect of fenretinide in a cancer cell-specific manner. The sensitivity of cells to fenretinide-induced apoptosis was not associated with reactive oxygen species production nor with antioxidant gene expression. However, the level of retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) and Nur77 (NR4A1) was important for inducing apoptosis. Upon fenretinide and HDACi treatment, the expression of RARβ and Nur77 were induced and colocalized in the cytosol. The induction of Nur77 protein level, but not the messenger RNA level, was RARβ-dependent. In addition, RARβ interacted with Nur77. Nur77 was essential for fenretinide-induced and HDACi-induced apoptosis of Huh7 cells. Induction of the expression, the interaction, and the nuclear export of RARβ and Nur77 mediate fenretinide-induced and HDACi-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that targeting Nur77 and RARβ simultaneously provides an effective way to induce HCC cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66212
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Municipal’s People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66212
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66212
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Municipal’s People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, China
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15
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Gupta A, Hou R, Liu L, Hiroyasu S, Hadix JA, Huggins GS, Sibinga NES. Daxx inhibits muscle differentiation by repressing E2A-mediated transcription. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:438-47. [PMID: 19308989 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (HLH) E2A transcription factors bind to DNA as homodimers or as heterodimers formed with other basic HLH factors, activate gene expression, and promote differentiation of muscle, lymphoid, neuronal, and other cell types. These E2A functions can be inhibited by the Id proteins, HLH factors that sequester E2A in non-DNA binding dimers. Here we describe the direct interaction of E2A with Daxx, a broadly expressed non-HLH protein previously associated with apoptosis and transcriptional repression. Daxx inhibits E2A function, but not via an Id-like mechanism; rather, it recruits histone deacetylase activity to E2A-dependent promoters. Increased Daxx expression during muscle differentiation inhibits E2A-dependent expression of key myogenic genes and reduces myotube formation, while decreased Daxx expression promotes myotube formation. These results identify a new mechanism for limiting E2A activity and establish a link between Daxx-mediated gene regulation and control of cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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16
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Garbes L, Riessland M, Hölker I, Heller R, Hauke J, Tränkle C, Coras R, Blümcke I, Hahnen E, Wirth B. LBH589 induces up to 10-fold SMN protein levels by several independent mechanisms and is effective even in cells from SMA patients non-responsive to valproate. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:3645-58. [PMID: 19584083 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are potential candidates for therapeutic approaches in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)--a common autosomal recessive disorder and frequent cause of early childhood death. SMA is caused by homozygous absence of SMN1. Importantly, all SMA patients carry a nearly identical copy gene, SMN2, that produces only minor levels of correctly spliced full-length transcripts and SMN protein. Since an increased number of SMN2 copies strongly correlates with a milder SMA phenotype, activation or stabilization of SMN2 is considered as a therapeutic strategy. However, clinical trials demonstrated effectiveness of the HDACi valproate (VPA) and phenylbutyrate only in <50% of patients; therefore, identification of new drugs is of vital importance. Here we characterize the novel hydroxamic acid LBH589, an HDACi already widely used in cancer clinical trials. LBH589 treatment of human SMA fibroblasts induced up to 10-fold elevated SMN levels, the highest ever reported, accompanied by a markedly increased number of gems. FL-SMN2 levels were increased 2-3-fold by transcription activation via SMN2 promoter H3K9 hyperacetylation and restoration of correct splicing via elevated hTRA2-beta1 levels. Furthermore, LBH589 stabilizes SMN by reducing its ubiquitinylation as well as favouring incorporation into the SMN complex. Cytotoxic effects were not detectable at SMN2 activating concentrations. Notably, LBH589 also induces SMN2 expression in SMA fibroblasts inert to VPA, in human neural stem cells and in the spinal cord of SMN2-transgenic mice. Hence, LBH589, which is active already at nanomolar doses, is a highly promising candidate for SMA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Garbes
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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17
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Abstract
In addition to well-characterized genetic abnormalities that lead to cancer onset and progression, it is now recognized that alterations to the epigenome may also play a significant role in oncogenesis. As a result, epigenetic-modulating agents such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have attracted enormous attention as anticancer drugs. In numerous in vitro and preclinical settings, these compounds have shown their vast potential as single agent anticancer therapies, but unfortunately equivalent responses have not always been observed in patients. Given the pleiotropic effects HDACi have on malignant cells, their true therapeutic potential most likely lies in combination with other anticancer drugs. In this review we will focus on the anticancer effects of HDACi when combined with other cancer therapeutics with an emphasis on those combinations based on a strong molecular rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bots
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne Victoria, Australia
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18
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Buchwald M, Krämer OH, Heinzel T. HDACi--targets beyond chromatin. Cancer Lett 2009; 280:160-7. [PMID: 19342155 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in gene regulation. Inhibitors of HDACs (HDACi) are novel anti-cancer drugs, which induce histone (hyper-) acetylation and counteract aberrant gene repression. On the other hand, HDACi treatment can also result in decreased gene expression, and targeting HDACs affects more than chromatin. Recently, HDACi were shown to evoke non-histone protein acetylation, which can alter signaling networks relevant for tumorgenesis. Furthermore, HDACi can promote the degradation of (proto-) oncoproteins. Here, we summarize these findings and discuss how these substances could be beneficial for the treatment and prevention of human ailments, such as cancer and unbalanced immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Buchwald
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Genome-wide distribution of histone H3 acetylation in all-trans retinoic acid induced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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