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Zhao Z, Qi HY, Li ZF, Wang LM, Wang JM, Tan FQ, Yang WX. Vangl2 regulates intercellular junctions by remodeling actin-based cytoskeleton through the Rock signaling pathway during spermatogenesis in Eriocheir sinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135264. [PMID: 39226977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
As a key planar cell polarity protein, Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) is essential for mammalian spermatogenesis. As a decapod crustacean, Eriocheir sinensis exhibits distinct spermatogenic processes due to its unique seminiferous tubule morphology and hemolymph-testis barrier (HTB). To determine whether Vangl2 performs analogous functions in E. sinensis, we identified the Es-Vangl2. Es-Vangl2 exhibited high expression and wide distribution in the testes, indicating its crucial involvement in spermatogenesis. Following targeted knockdown of Es-Vangl2in vivo, the structure of seminiferous tubules was disrupted, characterized by vacuolization of the germinal zone and obstruction of spermatozoon release. Concurrently, the integrity of the HTB was compromised, accompanied by reduced expression and aberrant localization of junction proteins. More importantly, the regulatory influence of Es-Vangl2 was manifested through modulating the organization of microfilaments, a process mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8). Further studies demonstrated that these phenotypes resulting from Es-Vangl2 knockdown were attributed to the inhibition of Rock signaling pathway activity, which was verified by the Es-Rock interference and Y27632 inhibition assays. In summary, the findings highlight the pivotal role of Es-Vangl2 in stabilizing HTB integrity by regulating Eps8-mediated actin remodeling through the Rock signaling pathway in the spermatogenesis of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong-Yu Qi
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lan-Min Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Ming Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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2
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Qi HY, Zhao Z, Wei BH, Li ZF, Tan FQ, Yang WX. ERK/CREB and p38 MAPK/MMP14 Signaling Pathway Influences Spermatogenesis through Regulating the Expression of Junctional Proteins in Eriocheir sinensis Testis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7361. [PMID: 39000467 PMCID: PMC11242087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The hemolymph-testis barrier (HTB) is a reproduction barrier in Crustacea, guaranteeing the safe and smooth process of spermatogenesis, which is similar to the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in mammals. The MAPK signaling pathway plays an essential role in spermatogenesis and maintenance of the BTB. However, only a few studies have focused on the influence of MAPK on crustacean reproduction. In the present study, we knocked down and inhibited MAPK in Eriocheir sinensis. Increased defects in spermatogenesis were observed, concurrently with a damaged HTB. Further research revealed that es-MMP14 functions downstream of ERK and p38 MAPK and degrades junctional proteins (Pinin and ZO-1); es-CREB functions in the ERK cascade as a transcription factor of ZO-1. In addition, when es-MMP14 and es-CREB were deleted, the defects in HTB and spermatogenesis aligned with abnormalities in the MAPK. However, JNK impacts the integrity of the HTB by changing the distribution of intercellular junctions. In summary, the MAPK signaling pathway maintains HTB integrity and spermatogenesis through es-MMP14 and es-CREB, which provides insights into the evolution of gene function during barrier evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Qi
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-Y.Q.)
| | - Zhan Zhao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-Y.Q.)
| | - Bang-Hong Wei
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-Y.Q.)
| | - Zhen-Fang Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-Y.Q.)
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-Y.Q.)
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3
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Rajpoot A, Yadav K, Yadav A, Mishra RK. Shilajit mitigates chemotherapeutic drug-induced testicular toxicity: Study on testicular germ cell dynamics, steroidogenesis modulation, and Nrf-2/Keap-1 signaling. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100930. [PMID: 39121783 PMCID: PMC11362644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications, including chemotherapeutic drugs, contribute to male infertility as external factors by inducing oxidative stress in testicular cells. Shilajit is a naturally occurring bioactive antioxidant used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of ailments. OBJECTIVE This study examines the potential of Shilajit to counteract the negative effects of the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CPA) on testicular germ cell dynamics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Parkes mice received single intraperitoneal CPA injection (200 mg/kg BW) on day one, followed by daily supplementation of Shilajit (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) for one spermatogenic cycle. RESULTS CPA adversely affected testicular germ cell dynamics by inhibiting the conversion of spermatogonia-to-spermatids, altering testicular histoarchitecture, impairing Sertoli cell function and testicular steroidogenesis, and disturbing the testicular oxido-apoptotic balance. Shilajit supplementation restores testicular germ cell dynamics in CPA-exposed mice, as evidenced by improved histoarchitecture of the testis. Shilajit improves testicular daily production and sperm quality by promoting the conversion of spermatogonia (2C) into spermatids (1C), stimulating germ cell proliferation (PCNA), improving Sertoli cell function (N-Cadherin and β-Catenin), and maintaining the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Additionally, Shilajit enhances testosterone biosynthesis by activating enzymes like 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD. Shilajit also reduces testicular oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD) and decreasing lipid peroxidation (LPO). These effects are mediated by upregulation of the antioxidant protein Nrf-2 and downregulation of Keap-1. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the potent androgenic and antioxidant characteristics of Shilajit, as well as its ability to enhance fertility in cases of testicular damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Rajpoot
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kiran Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anupam Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Male Reproductive Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Marino M, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Crafa A, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. New Insights of Target Therapy: Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Male Gonadal Function: A Systematic Review. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:102131. [PMID: 38901138 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The number of cancer patients undergoing chronic treatment with target therapy is increasing. Although much is known about the toxicity of conventional anticancer therapies, evidence on the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on fertility is still lacking. Therefore, this review was undertaken to evaluate the effects of TKIs on male gonadal function. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted, focusing on the effects of TKIs on spermatogenesis and testicular endocrine function. We included animal studies, observational studies, and case reports published up to December 31, 2023. Identified articles were reviewed and analyzed to evaluate the impact of TKIs on the male gonad. Their long-term effects, the reversibility of the observed changes, and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved were recorded. The findings emerging on the effects of TKIs on male gonadal function are conflicting. Although specific TKIs (imatinib, gefitinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, quizartinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib) have been identified as potentially as potential interfering with spermatogenesis and hormone production, the extent and severity of these effects may vary from patient to patient and between different drugs within this drug class. Experimental studies on mouse models have suggested a potential interference with spermatogenesis. Evidence also suggests that TKIs affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, decreasing serum testosterone and gonadotropin levels. The effects of TKIs on male gonadal function highlight the need for personalized treatment choices. Potential fertility concerns can help minimize adverse effects and improve patient outcomes. Addressing the potential impact of TKIs on male fertility helps optimize cancer treatment and survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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5
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Li L, Lin W, Wang Z, Huang R, Xia H, Li Z, Deng J, Ye T, Huang Y, Yang Y. Hormone Regulation in Testicular Development and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5805. [PMID: 38891991 PMCID: PMC11172568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The testes serve as the primary source of androgens and the site of spermatogenesis, with their development and function governed by hormonal actions via endocrine and paracrine pathways. Male fertility hinges on the availability of testosterone, a cornerstone of spermatogenesis, while follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling is indispensable for the proliferation, differentiation, and proper functioning of Sertoli and germ cells. This review covers the research on how androgens, FSH, and other hormones support processes crucial for male fertility in the testis and reproductive tract. These hormones are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, which is either quiescent or activated at different stages of the life course, and the regulation of the axis is crucial for the development and normal function of the male reproductive system. Hormonal imbalances, whether due to genetic predispositions or environmental influences, leading to hypogonadism or hypergonadism, can precipitate reproductive disorders. Investigating the regulatory network and molecular mechanisms involved in testicular development and spermatogenesis is instrumental in developing new therapeutic methods, drugs, and male hormonal contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Wanqing Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Rufei Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Jingxian Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
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6
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Bhattacharya I, Sharma SS, Majumdar SS. Etiology of Male Infertility: an Update. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:942-965. [PMID: 38036863 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process of germ cell division and differentiation that involves extensive cross-talk between the developing germ cells and the somatic testicular cells. Defective endocrine signaling and/or intrinsic defects within the testes can adversely affect spermatogenic progression, leading to subfertility/infertility. In recent years, male infertility has been recognized as a global public health concern, and research over the last few decades has elucidated the complex etiology of male infertility. Congenital reproductive abnormalities, genetic mutations, and endocrine/metabolic dysfunction have been demonstrated to be involved in infertility/subfertility in males. Furthermore, acquired factors like exposure to environmental toxicants and lifestyle-related disorders such as illicit use of psychoactive drugs have been shown to adversely affect spermatogenesis. Despite the large body of available scientific literature on the etiology of male infertility, a substantial proportion of infertility cases are idiopathic in nature, with no known cause. The inability to treat such idiopathic cases stems from poor knowledge about the complex regulation of spermatogenesis. Emerging scientific evidence indicates that defective functioning of testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) may be an underlying cause of infertility/subfertility in males. Sc plays an indispensable role in regulating spermatogenesis, and impaired functional maturation of Sc has been shown to affect fertility in animal models as well as humans, suggesting abnormal Sc as a potential underlying cause of reproductive insufficiency/failure in such cases of unexplained infertility. This review summarizes the major causes of infertility/subfertility in males, with an emphasis on infertility due to dysregulated Sc function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrashis Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Periye Campus, Kasaragod, 671320, Kerala, India.
| | - Souvik Sen Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500 032, Telangana, India
| | - Subeer S Majumdar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500 032, Telangana, India.
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, GIFT City, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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7
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Xiao X, Han Y, Li Q, Zheng D, Cheng CY, Ni Y. Exploring the evolving function of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in junction dynamics during spermatogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1281812. [PMID: 38260159 PMCID: PMC10801026 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1281812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on immune, endothelial, and epithelial cells. Its ectodomain can be proteolytically cleaved to release a circulating soluble form called sICAM-1. Clinical studies demonstrate sICAM-1 is upregulated in various diseases and associated with disease severity. Research has identified sICAM-1 as a regulator of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and spermatogenesis. Overexpression of sICAM-1 weakened the BTB in vitro and in vivo, downregulated junction proteins including N-cadherin, γ-catenin, and connexin 43, and caused germ cell loss. This contrasts with barrier-strengthening effects of membrane-bound ICAM-1. sICAM-1 may act as a molecular switch enabling germ cells to open BTB and Sertoli-germ cell adhesion for transport across the seminiferous epithelium. While the mechanism remains unclear, reduced SRC family kinase (SFK) signaling was observed following sICAM-1 overexpression. SRC promotes BTB protein endocytosis and degradation, influences cytoskeletal dynamics, and affects cell polarity. As sICAM-1 overexpression phenocopies SRC inhibition, SRC may operate downstream of sICAM-1 in regulating BTB dynamics and spermatogenesis. Investigating sICAM-1's structure-function regions and downstream targets will elucidate the molecular mechanisms of junction disruption. This knowledge could enable strategies targeting sICAM-1/SRC to modulate BTB permeability and treat male infertility or diseases involving endothelial/epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Han
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongwang Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ni
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
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Jang S, Yun C, Kim B, Kang S, Lee J, Jeong S, Cho Y, Kim SH, Lee CM, Moon C, Kim JS. Immunohistochemical analysis of extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression in mature and immature bulls' testes and epididymides. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:231-237. [PMID: 37982001 PMCID: PMC10581511 DOI: 10.17221/34/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been implicated in mammalian testicular and epididymal development. This study aimed to investigate ERK expression in the immature and mature testes and epididymides of bulls. We evaluated ERK expression using immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Immunoblot analysis revealed that immature bull testes and epididymides had higher phosphorylated ERK (pERK) expression than mature bull testes and epididymides. pERK immunoreactivity was higher in immature epididymides than in immature testes. pERK was localised mostly in spermatogonia, undifferentiated sustentacular (Sertoli) cells, and interstitial (Leydig) cells in immature testes, as well as in some spermatocytes and spermatids in mature testes. In immature epididymides, the body and tail had higher pERK expression than the head, whereas pERK was broadly distributed throughout the stereocilia, basal cells, and connective tissues. pERK distribution in the head of mature epididymides was similar to that in immature epididymides, whereas few connective tissue cells were expressed in the body and tail of mature epididymides. Collectively, these results suggest that ERK is expressed in the testis and epididymis of immature and mature bulls with varying intensities, and the role of ERK in male reproductive organs may include the specific function of its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoong Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Sungwoong Jang and Changjin Yun contributed equally to this work
| | - Changjin Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Sungwoong Jang and Changjin Yun contributed equally to this work
| | - Bohye Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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9
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Wang H, Li T, Shi H, Su M, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Ma Y. Analyses of widely targeted metabolic profiling reveals mechanisms of metabolomic variations during Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) testis development. Theriogenology 2023; 197:116-126. [PMID: 36502589 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the testis is the organ with the highest transcriptional activity. After gene transcription, translation, and post-translational protein modification, the transcriptional results are finally presented at the metabolic level. Metabolites not only essential for cell signaling and energy transfer, but also directly influenced by the physiological and pathological changes in tissues and accurately reflect the physiological changes. The fact that the testes are oxygen-deprived organs can explain why Sertoli cells and germ cells may use distinctive metabolic pathways to obtain energy in their different stages of development. Therefore, studying metabolic changes during testis development can better elucidate metabolic profile of the testis, which is essential to revealing characteristic metabolic pathways. The present study applied a widely targeted UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach with large-scale detection, identification and quantification to investigate the widespread metabolic changes during Tibetan sheep testis development. Firstly, a total of 847 metabolites were detected in the sheep testis, and their changes along with the three testis-development stages were further investigated. The results indicated that those metabolites were clustered into amino acids and their derivatives, carbohydrates and their derivatives, organic acids and their derivatives, benzene and substituted derivatives, alcohols and amines, lipids, nucleotides and their derivatives, bile acids, coenzymes and vitamins, hormones and hormone-related compounds, etc. Among them, the most abundant metabolites in the testis were amino acids and lipid metabolites. The results showed that most of the lipids, carbohydrates with their derivatives, as well as alcohol and amines metabolites were high in sexually immature sheep while organic acids, amino acids and nucleotides showed a continuously increasing trend along with testis development stages. Among them, the content of metabolites with antioxidant effects increased along with testis development, while those related with energy synthesis was downregulated with age. Further correlation analyses of each metabolite-metabolite pair emphasized the cross talk between differential metabolisms across testis development, suggesting a significant correlation between lipids and other metabolites. Finally, based on KEGG pathway analysis, we found that the metabolic pathways in Tibetan sheep testis development were mainly clustered into energy metabolism, gonadal development, and anti-oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of normal cellular metabolism and are inevitable during testicular energy metabolism. Thus, the anti-oxidative stress function is a key process in maintaining the normal physiological function of testis. These results contributed to a broader view of the testis metabolome and a comprehensive analysis on metabolomic variation among different testis-development stages, providing a theoretical basis for us to understand the sheep testis metabolic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Huibin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Manchun Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, 730070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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10
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Cao Y, Liang W, Fang L, Liu M, Zuo J, Peng Y, Shan J, Sun R, Zhao J, Wang J. PD-L1/PD-L1 signalling promotes colorectal cancer cell migration ability through RAS/MEK/ERK. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1281-1293. [PMID: 36050267 PMCID: PMC9826327 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is widely known as an immune checkpoint, and immunotherapy through the inhibition of checkpoint molecules has become an important component in the successful treatment of tumours via programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signalling pathways. However, its biological functions and expression profile in colorectal cancer (CRC) are elusive. We previously found that PD-L1 can bind to PD-L1 and cause cell detachment. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of how PD-L1 binds to PD-L1 and how it transmits signals to the cell remain unclear. In this study, we disclosed that PD-L1 expression was dramatically upregulated in CRC compared to normal tissues. Ectopic expression of PD-L1 inhibits cell adhesive capacity and promotes cell migration in CRC cell lines, while silencing PD-L1 had the opposite effects and suppressed invasion and proliferation. Mechanistically, PD-L1 was found to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the ERK signalling molecule pathway and interacted with the 1-86 aa fragment of KRAS to transduce signals. Collectively, our study demonstrated the role of PD-L1 after binding to PD-L1 in CRC, thereby providing a new theoretical basis for further improving immunotherapy with anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Cao
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiye Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Lian Fang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Ming‐kai Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Zuo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying‐long Peng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia‐jie Shan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Rui‐xia Sun
- Bioscience LaboratoryBIOS bioscience and Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina,Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina,Bioscience LaboratoryBIOS bioscience and Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
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11
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Sidhom K, Panchendrabose K, Mann U, Patel P. An update on male infertility and intratesticular testosterone-insight into novel serum biomarkers. Int J Impot Res 2022; 34:673-678. [PMID: 34987179 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intratesticular testosterone is vital for spermatogenesis, male fertility, and virility. Currently the only method to assess levels of intratesticular testosterone is to perform testicular biopsy which is invasive and can lead to several complications. Approaches to assess intratesticular testosterone have been understudied but hold promise as future male contraceptive agents and may grant the ability to monitor patients undergoing hormonal changes from therapeutic and diagnostic perspectives. Previous studies have sought to assess the utility of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) as accurate surrogate biomarkers of intratesticular testosterone. The aim of this review is thus to highlight the importance of intratesticular testosterone and the consequent advances that have been made to elucidate the potential of biomarkers for intratesticular testosterone in the context of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Sidhom
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Uday Mann
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Urology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Premal Patel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Section of Urology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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12
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Wang JM, Li ZF, Yang WX. What Does Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway in Sertoli Cells During Normal Spermatogenesis Tell Us? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:838858. [PMID: 35282467 PMCID: PMC8908322 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.838858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor signaling pathway is necessary to complete spermatogenesis in testes. Difference between androgen binding location in Sertoli cell classifies androgen receptor signaling pathway into classical signaling pathway and non-classical signaling pathway. As the only somatic cell type in seminiferous tubule, Sertoli cells are under androgen receptor signaling pathway regulation via androgen receptor located in cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Androgen receptor signaling pathway is able to regulate biological processes in Sertoli cells as well as germ cells surrounded between Sertoli cells. Our review will summarize the major discoveries of androgen receptor signaling pathway in Sertoli cells and the paracrine action on germ cells. Androgen receptor signaling pathway regulates Sertoli cell proliferation and maturation, as well as maintain the integrity of blood-testis barrier formed between Sertoli cells. Also, Spermatogonia stem cells achieve a balance between self-renewal and differentiation under androgen receptor signaling regulation. Meiotic and post-meiotic processes including Sertoli cell - Spermatid attachment and Spermatid development are guaranteed by androgen receptor signaling until the final sperm release. This review also includes one disease related to androgen receptor signaling dysfunction named as androgen insensitivity syndrome. As a step further ahead, this review may be conducive to develop therapies which can cure impaired androgen receptor signaling in Sertoli cells.
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13
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Xiao L, Sun W, Su Y, Lu N, He Y, Sheng X, Qi X, Xing K, Guo Y, Chang D, Wang X, Zhao J, Ni H. Dihydrotestosterone regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in bovine endometrial epithelium cells by androgen receptor mediated EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:106001. [PMID: 34547381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uterine prostaglandins F2α (PGF2α) is essential for implantation, initiation of luteolysis and delivery. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme limiting PGF2α rate, is regulated by steroid hormones, and also dihydrotestosterone (DHT) may be involved in regulating COX-2 expression both positively and negatively. However, it remains unclear how whether DHT regulates COX-2 expression and consequent PGF2α release in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). In this study, we evaluated the localization of the two isoforms of DHT synthetase 5α-reductase (5α-red1 and 5α-red2) and androgen receptor (AR) in bovine endometria by immunohistochemistry, and investigated 5α-red1, 5α-red2, AR, and DHT levels at the different stages of endometria (follicle, early-, mid-, and late-pregnancy phases). The results showed that 5α-red1, 5α-red2 and AR all were expressed in endometria, and their expressions and the level of DHT significantly increased in the late-pregnancy phase compared with the mid-pregnancy phase. Moreover, we cultured EECs from the mid-pregnancy phase and the in vitro study showed that DHT dose-dependently increased COX-2 expression and PGF2a release, but AR antagonist (flutamide) inhibited the stimulating effect via DHT. In addition, the DHT-induced COX-2 expression and PGF2α release were subjected to the regulation of both EGFR/PI3K/Akt/NFkB signaling as the inhibitors of EGFR (AG1478) and PI3K/Akt (LY294002) and NFkB (QNZ) attenuated the DHT mediated effect. Taken together, the results demonstrated that DHT-induced COX-2 expression and consequent PGF2α release in bovine EECs were mediated through AR-derived EGFR transactivation and PI3K/Akt cascade leading to NFkB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxu Sun
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Su
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan He
- Zhangjiagang Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Di Chang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
| | - Junjin Zhao
- National Grazing Headquarter, Beijing, China
| | - Hemin Ni
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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14
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Baharun A, Said S, Arifiantini RI, Karja NWK. Correlation between age, testosterone and adiponectin concentrations, and sperm abnormalities in Simmental bulls. Vet World 2021; 14:2124-2130. [PMID: 34566330 PMCID: PMC8448644 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2124-2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Capacity for sperm production is affected by age, which is related to the morphology of sperm abnormalities and can affect fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between age and concentrations of testosterone and adiponectin with sperm abnormalities in Simmental bulls. Materials and Methods: The study used 11 bulls, separated into three groups. The first group consisted of five bulls aged 4-5 years, and the second and third groups each consisted of three bulls, aged 6-7 and 8-10 years, respectively. The average sperm motility of the animals ranged from 57.66±2.60% to 70.17±0.22%. Blood samples were obtained from the coccygeal region of the animals. Testosterone and adiponectin analysis was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Sperm morphology was evaluated using carbol fuchsin-eosin staining according to the Williams method. Finally, correlations between testosterone and adiponectin concentrations, age, and sperm abnormalities were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: The findings revealed a significant correlation (p<0.01) between the concentrations of testosterone and adiponectin (−0.538), age (−0.588), and abnormal sperm morphology (−0.912). Moreover, they revealed that the concentration of testosterone in the bulls aged 8-10 years was lower, at 21.89±4.56 ng/mL, compared to that in the bulls aged 4-5 years, at 36.15±1.29 ng/mL, and 6-7 years, at 35.16±5.39 ng/mL. The findings also revealed a positive correlation between adiponectin concentration and age (0.529) and sperm abnormalities (0.506). The increase in testosterone concentration was inversely related to the adiponectin concentration (−0.538). Moreover, the mean amount of abnormal sperm increased with increasing age: 3.82±0.33% in the group aged 4-5 years, and 4.40±0.72% and 10.20±1.97% in the groups aged 6-7 years and 8-10 years, respectively. Conclusion: The study data indicate that there is a decrease in testosterone concentration, a high adiponectin concentration, and an increase in abnormal sperm with increasing age in bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Baharun
- Biology Reproductive Program, Post Graduate School, IPB University, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Animals Science Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Djuanda University, Jl. Tol Jagorawi No.1, Ciawi, Bogor 16720, Indonesia
| | - Syahruddin Said
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesia Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Raden Iis Arifiantini
- Department of Clinic, Reproduction, and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ni Wayan K Karja
- Department of Clinic, Reproduction, and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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15
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Cooke PS, Walker WH. Male fertility in mice requires classical and nonclassical androgen signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109557. [PMID: 34407397 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms by which androgens signal through the androgen receptor (AR) to maintain male fertility are poorly understood. Transgenic mice were produced expressing mutant ARs that can only (1) alter gene transcription through the classical response pathway (AR-C) or (2) activate kinase signaling cascades via the nonclassical pathway (AR-NC). AR-C is sufficient to produce sperm and fertility. Haploid germ cell production, the blood-testis barrier, and spermatid migration are supported by AR-NC. Gene expression essential for chromosome synapsis during meiosis requires AR-C. We identify targets of androgen signaling required for male fertility and provide a mechanistic explanation for meiotic germ cell arrest in the absence of androgen signaling. Prostate differentiation occurs with AR-C alone, but full development requires synergistic nonclassical signaling. Both AR signaling pathways are necessary for normal male reproductive tract development and function, validating our mouse models for studies of AR functions in other target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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16
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Nonclassical androgen and estrogen signaling is essential for normal spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 121:71-81. [PMID: 34119408 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by androgens through androgen receptor (AR) is essential to complete spermatogenesis in the testis. Similarly, loss of the main estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1; also known as ERα), results in male infertility, due in part to indirect deleterious effects on the seminiferous epithelium and spermatogenesis. Effects of steroid hormones are induced primarily through genomic changes induced by hormone-mediated activation of their intracellular receptors and subsequent effects on nuclear gene transcription. However, androgens and estrogens also signal through rapid nonclassical pathways involving actions initiated at the cell membrane. Here we review the data that nonclassical androgen and estrogen signaling pathways support processes essential for male fertility in the testis and reproductive tract. The recent development of transgenic mice lacking nonclassical AR or ESR1 signaling but retaining genomic nuclear signaling has provided a powerful tool to elucidate the function of nonclassical signaling in the overall response to androgens and estrogens. Results from these mice have emphasized that nonclassical signaling is essential for full responses to these hormones, and absence of either nonclassical or classical AR or ESR1 pathways produces abnormalities in spermatogenesis and the male reproductive tract. Although additional work is required to fully understand how classical and nonclassical receptor signaling synergize to produce full steroid hormone responses, here we summarize the known physiological functions of the classical and nonclassical androgen and estrogen signaling pathways in the testis and reproductive tract.
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17
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Walker WH. Androgen Actions in the Testis and the Regulation of Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:175-203. [PMID: 34453737 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. In this review, topics related to testosterone control of spermatogenesis are covered including testosterone production and levels in the testis, classical and nonclassical testosterone signaling pathways, cell- and temporal-specific expression of the androgen receptor in the testis and autocrine and paracrine signaling of testis cells in the testis. Also discussed are the contributions of testosterone to testis descent, the blood-testis barrier, control of gonocyte numbers and spermatogonia expansion, completion of meiosis and attachment and release of elongaed spermatids. Testosterone-regulated genes identified in various mouse models of idsrupted Androgen receptor expression are discussed. Finally, examples of synergism and antagonism between androgen and follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathways are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Walker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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18
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Shah W, Khan R, Shah B, Khan A, Dil S, Liu W, Wen J, Jiang X. The Molecular Mechanism of Sex Hormones on Sertoli Cell Development and Proliferation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648141. [PMID: 34367061 PMCID: PMC8344352 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustaining and maintaining the intricate process of spermatogenesis is liable upon hormones and growth factors acting through endocrine and paracrine pathways. The Sertoli cells (SCs) are the major somatic cells present in the seminiferous tubules and are considered to be the main regulators of spermatogenesis. As each Sertoli cell supports a specific number of germ cells, thus, the final number of Sertoli cells determines the sperm production capacity. Similarly, sex hormones are also major regulators of spermatogenesis and they can determine the proliferation of Sertoli cells. In the present review, we have critically and comprehensively discussed the role of sex hormones and some other factors that are involved in Sertoli cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. Furthermore, we have also presented a model of Sertoli cell development based upon the recent advancement in the field of reproduction. Hence, our review article provides a general overview regarding the sex hormonal pathways governing Sertoli cell proliferation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjha Khan
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Jiang, ; Ranjha Khan, ; Jie Wen,
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Wen
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Jiang, ; Ranjha Khan, ; Jie Wen,
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Jiang, ; Ranjha Khan, ; Jie Wen,
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19
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Cooke PS, Mesa AM, Sirohi VK, Levin ER. Role of nuclear and membrane estrogen signaling pathways in the male and female reproductive tract. Differentiation 2020; 118:24-33. [PMID: 33339644 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling through the main estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1; also known as ERα), is essential for normal female and male reproductive function. Historically, studies of estrogen action have focused on the classical genomic pathway. Although this is clearly the major pathway for steroid hormone actions, these hormones also signal through rapid non-classical effects involving cell membrane actions. Reports of rapid effects of estrogens extend for more than half a century, but recent results have expanded understanding of the identity, structure, function and overall importance of membrane receptors in estrogen responses. Key findings in this field were the immunohistochemical detection of ESR1 in cell membranes and demonstration that a portion of newly synthesized ESR1 is routed to the membrane by palmitoylation. These receptors in the membrane can then signal through protein kinases and other mechanisms following ligand binding to alter cell function. Another crucial advance in the field was development of transgenic mice expressing normal amounts of functional nuclear ESR1 (nESR1) but lacking membrane ESR1 (mESR1). Both male and female transgenic mice lacking mESR1 were infertile as adults, and both sexes had extensive reproductive abnormalities. Transgenic mice lacking mESR1 were highly protected from deleterious effects of neonatal estrogen administration, and estrogen effects on the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 that are mediated through mESR1 could have significant effects on epigenetic imprinting. In summary, signaling through mESR1 is essential for normal male and female reproductive function and fertility, and is a critical enabler of normal estrogen responses in vivo. Although the precise role of mESR1 in estrogen responses remains to be established, future research in this area should clarify its mechanism of action and lead to a better understanding of how mESR1 signaling works with classical genomic signaling through nESR1 to promote full estrogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Ana M Mesa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Vijay K Sirohi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA
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20
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Li X, Dong L, Wang J, Sun S, Wang B, Li H. Effects of Zuogui Wan on testis structure and expression of c-Kit and Oct4 in rats with impaired spermatogenesis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:44-50. [PMID: 33826487 PMCID: PMC6968518 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1693603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Zuogui Wan is a classic traditional Chinese prescription. Preliminary studies have confirmed that it could improve sperm quality significantly. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Zuogui Wan on testis structure and c-kitproto-oncogeneprotein (c-Kit) and octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4) expression in a rat model of impaired spermatogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into Blank control, Tripterygium glycosides (GTW) and Zuogui Wan groups (n = 12). GTW was used to generate models of impaired spermatogenesis. Then Zuogui Wan group was administered 6 g/kg/d of Zuogui Wan granules for 4 weeks. Changes in the pathological structure and ultrastructure were observed with optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. Expression of c-Kit and Oct4 were quantified by RT qPCR and Western blots. RESULTS Both the pathological damage and the damages in the ultrastructure of spermatogenic epithelium had improved in Zuogui Wan group. Compared with the GTW model group (0.47 ± 0.19; 0.38 ± 0.14), c-Kit and Oct4 protein expression increased in the Zuogui Wan group (0.75 ± 0.27; 0.65 ± 0.23). C-Kit and Oct4 mRNA expression increased in Zuogui Wan group (1.06 ± 0.16; 1.85 ± 1.04) compared to the GTW model group (0.66 ± 0.23; 0.46 ± 0.29). CONCLUSIONS Zuogui Wan is capable of restoring the damage to the testis structure and ultrastructure and regulates the expression of c-Kit and Oct4 at protein and mRNA levels, inhibiting apoptosis and promoting proliferation of spermatogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Sun
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Changping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haisong Li
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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21
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Molecular insights into hormone regulation via signaling pathways in Sertoli cells: With discussion on infertility and testicular tumor. Gene 2020; 753:144812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Edelsztein NY, Rey RA. Importance of the Androgen Receptor Signaling in Gene Transactivation and Transrepression for Pubertal Maturation of the Testis. Cells 2019; 8:E861. [PMID: 31404977 PMCID: PMC6721648 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are key for pubertal development of the mammalian testis, a phenomenon that is tightly linked to Sertoli cell maturation. In this review, we discuss how androgen signaling affects Sertoli cell function and morphology by concomitantly inhibiting some processes and promoting others that contribute jointly to the completion of spermatogenesis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibition by androgens at puberty, as well as on the role androgens have on Sertoli cell tight junction formation and maintenance and, consequently, on its effect on proper germ cell differentiation and meiotic onset during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Y Edelsztein
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) - CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina.
| | - Rodolfo A Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) - CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina.
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
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23
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Wang H, Zhou W, Zhang J, Li H. Role of JNK and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway in testicular injury of rats induced by di-N-butyl-phthalate (DBP). Biol Res 2019; 52:41. [PMID: 31387634 PMCID: PMC6685163 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di-N-butyl-phthalate (DBP) is an endocrine disrupting substance. We investigated the adverse effect of DBP on testis of male rat and reveal its potential mechanism of MAPK signaling pathway involved this effect in vivo and in vitro. Gonadal hormone, sperm quality, morphological change and the activation status of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 was determined in vivo. Primary Sertoli cell was established and cultivated with JNK, ERK1/2 inhibitors, then determine the cell viability, apoptosis and the expression of p-JNK, p-ERK1/2. Data in this study were presented as mean ± SD and determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's test. Difference was considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. RESULTS In vivo experiment, DBP impaired the normal structure of testicular tissue, reduced testosterone levels in blood serum, decreased sperm count and increased sperm abnormality, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK in rat testicular tissue increased in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro studies, DBP could decrease the viability of Sertoli cells and increase p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK. Cell apoptosis in SP600125 + DBP group was significantly lower than in DBP group (P < 0.05). p-JNK was not significantly decreased in SP600125 + DBP group, while p-ERK1/2 was significantly decreased in U0126 + DBP group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DBP can lead to testicular damage and the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK pathways, the JNK signaling pathway may be primarily associated with its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Weipeng Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China. .,Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China.
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24
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Mitochondrial function in immature bovine oocytes is improved by an increase of cellular cyclic AMP. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5167. [PMID: 30914704 PMCID: PMC6435665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is important for assisted reproduction, the rate of development of embryos from IVM oocytes is lower than from their in vivo counterparts. It has been shown that an artificial increase of intracellular cAMP before culture significantly improves oocyte developmental competence in cattle and mice. Here, we revealed that forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine treatment of prophase-stage oocytes induced the expression of genes required for glycolysis, fatty acid degradation, and the mitochondrial electron transport system and improved mitochondrial functions and ATP levels in oocytes without involving nuclear maturation. We propose the existence of a comprehensive energy-supply system in oocytes under follicle-stimulating hormone stimulation as a potential explanation of how oocytes acquire developmental competence.
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25
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Xiao X, Yang Y, Mao B, Cheng CY, Ni Y. Emerging role for SRC family kinases in junction dynamics during spermatogenesis. Reproduction 2019; 157:R85-R94. [PMID: 30608903 PMCID: PMC6602873 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SRC family kinases (SFKs) are known regulators of multiple cellular events, including cell movement, differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. SFKs are expressed virtually by all mammalian cells. They are non-receptor protein kinases that phosphorylate a variety of cellular proteins on tyrosine, leading to the activation of protein targets in response to environmental stimuli. Among SFKs, SRC, YES and FYN are the ubiquitously expressed and best studied members. In fact, SRC, the prototypical SFK, was the first tyrosine kinase identified in mammalian cells. Studies have shown that SFKs are regulators of cell junctions, and function in endocytosis and membrane trafficking to regulate junction restructuring events. Herein, we briefly summarize the recent findings in the field regarding the role of SFKs in the testis in regulating spermatogenesis, particularly in Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell adhesion. While it is almost 50 years since the identification of the oncogene v-Src encoded by Rous sarcoma transforming virus, the understanding of SFK involvement during spermatogenesis in the testis remains far behind that in other epithelia and tissues. The goal of this review is to bridge this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Mary M. Woldford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Woldford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Ya Ni
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Xu D, He H, Jiang X, Yang L, Liu D, Yang L, Geng G, Cheng J, Chen H, Hua R, Duan J, Li X, Wu L, Li Y, Li Q. Raf-ERK1/2 signalling pathways mediate steroid hormone synthesis in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:741-749. [PMID: 30785650 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are required for normal reproductive function of female. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Raf-ERK1/2 on steroid hormone synthesis in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that both B-Raf and C-Raf were expressed in granulosa cells, theca cells and Sertoli cells. The protein expression of Raf or ERK1/2 was clearly decreased by Raf inhibitor GSK2118436 or ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, western blotting was performed for investigating the crosstalk between Raf and ERK1/2, the data showed that Raf positively regulated ERK1/2, whereas ERK1/2 had a negative feedback effect on Raf. The biosynthesis of oestradiol or testosterone was significantly decreased by treatment with GSK2118436 or SCH772984 (p < 0.05). Conversely, the progesterone biosynthesis was clearly increased by treatment with those inhibitors (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of STAR, aromatase and CYP17 was blocked by Raf-ERK1/2 signalling inhibition, which oppositely induced the mRNA expression of CYP11. Together, these findings suggested that Raf-ERK1/2 signalling pathways mediate steroid hormone synthesis via affecting the expression of steroidogenic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanshan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dinbang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoxia Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huali Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongmao Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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27
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Bhattacharya I, Basu S, Pradhan BS, Sarkar H, Nagarajan P, Majumdar SS. Testosterone augments FSH signaling by upregulating the expression and activity of FSH-Receptor in Pubertal Primate Sertoli cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 482:70-80. [PMID: 30579957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic actions of Testosterone (T) and FSH via testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) regulate male fertility. We have previously reported that the actions of these hormones (T and FSH) in infant monkey testes are restricted only to the expansion of Sc and spermatogonial cells. The robust differentiation of male Germ cells (Gc) occurs after pubertal maturation of testis. The present study was aimed to investigate the molecular basis of the synergy between T and FSH action in pubertal primate (Macaca mulatta) Sc. Using primary Sc culture, we here have demonstrated that T (but not FSH) downregulated AMH and Inhibin-β-B (INHBB) mRNAs in pubertal Sc. We also found that, prolonged stimulation of T in pubertal Sc significantly elevated the expression of genes involved in FSH signaling pathway like FSH-Receptor (FSHR), GNAS and RIC8B, and this was associated with a rise in cAMP production. T also augmented FSH induced expression of genes like SCF, GDNF, ABP and Transferrin (TF) in pubertal Sc. We therefore conclude that T acts in synergy with FSH signaling in pubertal Sc. Such a coordinated network of hormonal signaling in Sc may facilitate the timely onset of the first spermatogenic wave in pubertal primates and is responsible for quantitatively and qualitatively normal spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrashis Bhattacharya
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India; Primate Research Center, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Campus, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sayon Basu
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Bhola Shankar Pradhan
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Hironmoy Sarkar
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Primate Research Center, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Subeer S Majumdar
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India; Primate Research Center, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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28
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Hori JI, Koga D, Kakizaki H, Watanabe T. Differential effects of depot formulations of GnRH agonist leuprorelin and antagonist degarelix on the seminiferous epithelium of the rat testis. Biomed Res 2018; 39:197-214. [PMID: 30101840 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.39.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite their pharmacologically opposite actions, long-acting depot formulations of both GnRH agonists and antagonists have been clinically applied for treatment of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer. Sustained treatment with GnRH analogues commonly suppresses both the synthesis and release of gonadotropins, leading to depletion of testicular testosterone. To clarify the underlying differences in the effects of GnRH agonists and antagonists on spermatogenesis, we compared histological changes in the seminiferous epithelium after administration of depot formulations of GnRH agonist leuprorelin and antagonist degarelix to male rats. Testicular weight had markedly declined by 28 days after administration of both GnRH analogues, although the testicular weight was decreased more promptly by leuprorelin compared with degarelix. Shortly after administration, massive exfoliation of premature spermatids and anomalous multinucleated giant cells was observed in seminiferous tubules of leuprorelin-treated rats, probably via the initial hyperstimulatory effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, whereas no discernible changes were found in those of degarelix-treated rats. Long term treatment with both types of GnRH analogues similarly induced a marked reduction in the height of the epithelium and deformation of apical cytoplasm in Sertoli cells, resulting in premature detachment of spermatids from the epithelium. Lipid droplets had accumulated progressively in Sertoli cells, especially in those of degarelix-treated rats. These findings clearly demonstrate the differences in the effects of GnRH agonists and antagonists on the spermatogenic process. This study suggests that an appropriate choice of GnRH analogues is necessary to minimize their adverse effects on spermatogenesis when reproductive functions should be preserved in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Hori
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University.,Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Hidehiro Kakizaki
- Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University
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29
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Zhao J, Zhao J, Xu G, Wang Z, Gao J, Cui S, Liu J. Deletion of Spata2 by CRISPR/Cas9n causes increased inhibin alpha expression and attenuated fertility in male mice. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:497-513. [PMID: 29025062 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As somatic cells in the testis seminiferous tubule, Sertoli cells provide the medium for spermatogenesis. One of the important functions of Sertoli cells is synthesizing and secreting cell factors to affect the production of sperm; however, much of those molecular regulation mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we confirm the localization of protein SPATA2 (spermatogenesis-associated protein 2), which had previously been shown to be highly expressed in Sertoli cells of the adult mouse testis. To further conduct a functional study, we generated SPATA2 global knockout mice via use of the CRISPR/Cas9n gene editing technology. The 120-day-old knockout mice testes showed almost a 40% decrease in size and weight and variations in the histomorphology of the seminiferous epithelium, with a 40% decrease in sperm count. Further examination revealed that the proliferation of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules was attenuated by 28%. In addition, we found that SPATA2 deletion led to an approximately 70% increase in the inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA and protein level in the testes compared to that of wild-type mice. Our data revealed the impact of SPATA2 on male fertility and suggested that SPATA2 ensures the normal secretory function of Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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30
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Kamińska A, Pardyak L, Marek S, Górowska-Wójtowicz E, Kotula-Balak M, Bilińska B, Hejmej A. Bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate affect the expression of juxtacrine signaling factors in rat testis. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:182-190. [PMID: 29438945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to examine the effects of model plastic derived compounds, bisphenol A (BPA) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), on juxtacrine communication in adult rat testis, by evaluating the expression of Notch pathway components. Testicular explant were exposed in vitro to BPA (5 × 10-6 M, 2.5 × 10-5 M, 5 × 10-5 M) or DBP (10-6 M, 10-5 M, 10-4 M) for 24 h. To determine the expression of Notch1, Dll4, Hey1, Hes1 and Hey5 real-time RT-PCR was used. Protein levels and localization of NOTCH1 receptor, its ligand DLL4 as well as HEY1, HES1 and HEY5 factors were detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Upregulation of Notch1, Dll4 and Hey1 at the mRNA and protein level was demonstrated in testis explants after BPA and DBP treatment (p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001). Hes5 expression decreased after BPA (p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001), whereas Hes1 expression was not altered by either BPA or DBP. Tested chemicals altered immunoexpression of activated NOTCH1, DLL4, HEY1 and HES5 both in seminiferous epithelium and interstitial tissue, exerting differential effects on particular cell types. In conclusion, BPA and DBP affect Notch signaling pathway in rat testis, which indicates that juxtacrine communication is a potential target for the action of plastic derived compounds in male gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Marek
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Górowska-Wójtowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bilińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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31
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Kumar A, Raut S, Balasinor NH. Endocrine regulation of sperm release. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:1595-1603. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermiation (sperm release) is the culmination of a spermatid’s journey in the seminiferous epithelium. After a long association with the Sertoli cell, spermatids have to finally ‘let go’ of the support from Sertoli cells in order to be transported to the epididymis. Spermiation is a multistep process characterised by removal of excess spermatid cytoplasm, recycling of junctional adhesion molecules by endocytosis, extensive cytoskeletal remodelling and final spermatid disengagement. Successful execution of all these events requires coordinated regulation by endocrine and paracrine factors. This review focuses on the endocrine regulation of spermiation. With the aim of delineating how hormones control the various aspects of spermiation, this review provides an analysis of recent advances in research on the hormonal control of molecules associated with the spermiation machinery. Because spermiation is one of the most sensitive phases of spermatogenesis to variations in hormone levels, understanding their molecular control is imperative to advance our knowledge of the nuances of spermatogenesis and male fertility.
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32
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Akmal M, Siregar TN, Wahyuni S, Hamny, Nasution MK, Indriati W, Panjaitan B, Aliza D. The expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element modulator in rat sertoli cells following seminal extract administration. Vet World 2016; 9:1001-1005. [PMID: 27733803 PMCID: PMC5057020 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1001-1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of seminal vesicle extract on cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element modulator (CREM) expression in rat Sertoli cells. Materials and Methods: This study examined the expression of CREM on 20 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) at 4 months of age, weighing 250-300 g. The rats were divided into four groups: K0, KP1, KP2, and KP3. K0 group was injected with 0.2 ml normal saline; KP1 was injected with 25 mg cloprostenol (Prostavet C, Virbac S. A); KP2 and KP3 were injected with 0.2 and 0.4 ml seminal vesicle extract, respectively. The treatments were conducted 5 times within 12-day interval. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation; then, the testicles were necropsied and processed for histology observation using immunohistochemistry staining. Results: CREM expression in rat Sertoli cells was not altered by the administration of either 0.2 or 0.4 ml seminal vesicle extract. Conclusion: The administration of seminal vesicle extract is unable to increase CREM expression in rat Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslim Akmal
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Tongku Nizwan Siregar
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Sri Wahyuni
- Laboratory of Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Hamny
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Mustafa Kamal Nasution
- Department of PGMI, Faculty of Tarbiyah, STAIN Gajah Putih Takengon, Aceh Tengah, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Wiwik Indriati
- Student at Veterinary Public Health Graduate Program, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Budianto Panjaitan
- Laboratory of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Dwinna Aliza
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
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33
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Nascimento AR, Macheroni C, Lucas TFG, Porto CS, Lazari MFM. Crosstalk between FSH and relaxin at the end of the proliferative stage of rat Sertoli cells. Reproduction 2016; 152:613-628. [PMID: 27601715 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the proliferation of immature Sertoli cells through the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and MEK/ERK1/2 pathways. Mature Sertoli cells stop proliferating and respond to FSH by stimulating cAMP production. To gain insight into possible mechanisms involved in this switch as well as the impact of paracrine factors that stimulate cell proliferation, we analyzed the effects of FSH and relaxin on intracellular signaling pathways involved with proliferation and differentiation in Sertoli cells from 15-day-old rats, which are close to the transition between the two stages. FSH stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation and cyclin D1 expression, changes associated with proliferation. In contrast, FSH inhibited AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, activated cAMP production and induced changes in several cell cycle genes that were compatible with differentiation. Relaxin also stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation but increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT. When both hormones were added simultaneously, relaxin attenuated FSH-mediated inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation and FSH-mediated activation of cAMP production. FSH but not relaxin increased CREB phosphorylation, and relaxin but not FSH shifted NF-κB expression from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Relaxin did not inhibit the effects of FSH on inhibin α and Bcl2 expression. We propose that at this time of Sertoli cell development, FSH starts to direct cells to differentiation through activation of cAMP/CREB and inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. Relaxin counteracts FSH signaling through the inhibition of cAMP and activation of ERK1/2, AKT and NF-κB, but does not block the differentiation process triggered by FSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R Nascimento
- Section of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Macheroni
- Section of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais F G Lucas
- Section of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina S Porto
- Section of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria F M Lazari
- Section of Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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34
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Advantages of pulsatile hormone treatment for assessing hormone-induced gene expression by cultured rat Sertoli cells. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:389-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Gautam M, Bhattacharya I, Devi YS, Arya SP, Majumdar SS. Hormone responsiveness of cultured Sertoli cells obtained from adult rats after their rapid isolation under less harsh conditions. Andrology 2016; 4:509-19. [PMID: 26991307 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
During adulthood, testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) coordinate all stages of germ cell (Gc) development involved in sperm production. However, our understanding about the functions of adult Sc is limited because of the difficulties involved in the process of isolating these cells from the adult testis, mainly because of the presence of large number of advanced Gc which interfere with Sc isolation at this age. Most of our knowledge about Sc function are derived from studies which used pre-pubertal rat Sc (18 ± 2-day old) as it is easy to isolate and culture Sc at this age. To this end, we established a less time consuming and less harsh procedure of isolating Sc from adult (60 days of age) rat testis for facilitating research on Sc-mediated regulation of spermatogenesis during adulthood. The cells were isolated using collagenase digestion at higher temperature, reducing the exposure time of cells to the enzyme. Step-wise digestion with intermittent removal of small clusters of tissue helped in increasing the yield of Sc. Isolated Sc were cultured and treated with FSH and testosterone (T) to evaluate their hormone responsiveness in terms of lactate, E2 , cAMP production. Adult Sc were found to be active and produced high amounts of lactate in a FSH-independent manner. FSH-mediated augmentation of cAMP and E2 production by adult Sc was less as compared with that by pre-pubertal Sc obtained from 18-day-old rats. Androgen-binding ability of adult Sc was significantly higher than pre-pubertal Sc. Although T treatment remarkably augmented expression of Claudin 11, it failed to augment lactate production by adult Sc. This efficient and rapid procedure for isolation and culture of functionally viable adult rat Sertoli cells may pave the way for determining their role in regulation and maintenance of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gautam
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - I Bhattacharya
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Y S Devi
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - S P Arya
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - S S Majumdar
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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36
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Chojnacka K, Zarzycka M, Hejmej A, Mruk DD, Gorowska E, Kotula-Balak M, Klimek M, Bilinska B. Hydroxyflutamide affects connexin 43 via the activation of PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway but has no effect on the crosstalk between PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways at the Raf-1 kinase level in primary rat Sertoli cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 31:146-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li J, Mao R, Zhou Q, Ding L, Tao J, Ran MM, Gao ES, Yuan W, Wang JT, Hou LF. Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in Wistar rats reduces sperm quality with disruption of ERK signal pathway. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:180-8. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1139024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Toocheck C, Clister T, Shupe J, Crum C, Ravindranathan P, Lee TK, Ahn JM, Raj GV, Sukhwani M, Orwig KE, Walker WH. Mouse Spermatogenesis Requires Classical and Nonclassical Testosterone Signaling. Biol Reprod 2015; 94:11. [PMID: 26607719 PMCID: PMC4809556 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.132068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone acts though the androgen receptor in Sertoli cells to support germ cell development (spermatogenesis) and male fertility, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which testosterone acts are not well understood. Previously, we found that in addition to acting through androgen receptor to directly regulate gene expression (classical testosterone signaling pathway), testosterone acts through a nonclassical pathway via the androgen receptor to rapidly activate kinases that are known to regulate spermatogenesis. In this study, we provide the first evidence that nonclassical testosterone signaling occurs in vivo as the MAP kinase cascade is rapidly activated in Sertoli cells within the testis by increasing testosterone levels in the rat. We find that either classical or nonclassical signaling regulates testosterone-mediated Rhox5 gene expression in Sertoli cells within testis explants. The selective activation of classical or nonclassical signaling pathways in Sertoli cells within testis explants also resulted in the differential activation of the Zbtb16 and c-Kit genes in adjacent spermatogonia germ cells. Delivery of an inhibitor of either pathway to Sertoli cells of mouse testes disrupted the blood-testis barrier that is essential for spermatogenesis. Furthermore, an inhibitor of nonclassical testosterone signaling blocked meiosis in pubertal mice and caused the loss of meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells in adult mouse testes. An inhibitor of the classical pathway caused the premature release of immature germ cells. Collectively, these observations indicate that classical and nonclassical testosterone signaling regulate overlapping and distinct functions that are required for the maintenance of spermatogenesis and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Toocheck
- Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Terri Clister
- Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Shupe
- Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chelsea Crum
- Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Preethi Ravindranathan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tae-Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Meena Sukhwani
- Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle E Orwig
- Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William H Walker
- Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Chojnacka K, Mruk DD. The Src non-receptor tyrosine kinase paradigm: New insights into mammalian Sertoli cell biology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 415:133-42. [PMID: 26296907 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Src kinases are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate diverse substrates, which control processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival; cell adhesion; and cell motility. c-Src, the prototypical member of this protein family, is widely expressed by several organs that include the testis. In the seminiferous epithelium of the adult rat testis, c-Src is highest at the tubule lumen during the release of mature spermatids. Other studies show that testosterone regulates spermatid adhesion to Sertoli cells via c-Src, indicating Src phosphorylates key substrates that prompt the disassembly of Sertoli cell-spermatid junctions. A more recent in vitro study reveals that c-Src participates in the internalization of proteins that constitute the blood-testis barrier, which is present between Sertoli cells, suggesting a similar mechanism of junction disassembly is at play during spermiation. In this review, we discuss recent findings on c-Src, with an emphasis on its role in spermatogenesis in the mammalian testis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, USA.
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40
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Mruk DD, Cheng CY. The Mammalian Blood-Testis Barrier: Its Biology and Regulation. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:564-91. [PMID: 26357922 PMCID: PMC4591527 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the cellular process by which spermatogonia develop into mature spermatids within seminiferous tubules, the functional unit of the mammalian testis, under the structural and nutritional support of Sertoli cells and the precise regulation of endocrine factors. As germ cells develop, they traverse the seminiferous epithelium, a process that involves restructuring of Sertoli-germ cell junctions, as well as Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctions at the blood-testis barrier. The blood-testis barrier, one of the tightest tissue barriers in the mammalian body, divides the seminiferous epithelium into 2 compartments, basal and adluminal. The blood-testis barrier is different from most other tissue barriers in that it is not only comprised of tight junctions. Instead, tight junctions coexist and cofunction with ectoplasmic specializations, desmosomes, and gap junctions to create a unique microenvironment for the completion of meiosis and the subsequent development of spermatids into spermatozoa via spermiogenesis. Studies from the past decade or so have identified the key structural, scaffolding, and signaling proteins of the blood-testis barrier. More recent studies have defined the regulatory mechanisms that underlie blood-testis barrier function. We review here the biology and regulation of the mammalian blood-testis barrier and highlight research areas that should be expanded in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065
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Abstract
Vertebrate reproduction requires a myriad of precisely orchestrated events-in particular, the maternal production of oocytes, the paternal production of sperm, successful fertilization, and initiation of early embryonic cell divisions. These processes are governed by a host of signaling pathways. Protein kinase and phosphatase signaling pathways involving Mos, CDK1, RSK, and PP2A regulate meiosis during maturation of the oocyte. Steroid signals-specifically testosterone-regulate spermatogenesis, as does signaling by G-protein-coupled hormone receptors. Finally, calcium signaling is essential for both sperm motility and fertilization. Altogether, this signaling symphony ensures the production of viable offspring, offering a chance of genetic immortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kornbluth
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Rafael Fissore
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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42
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Deletion of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in Sertoli cells causes infertility in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12982. [PMID: 26265072 PMCID: PMC4533007 DOI: 10.1038/srep12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The male’s ability to reproduce is completely dependent on Sertoli cells. However, the mechanisms governing the functional integrity of Sertoli cells have remained largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of Shp2 in Sertoli cells results in infertility in mice. In Shp2 knockout mice (SCSKO), a normal population of Sertoli cells was observed, but the blood-testis barrier (BTB) was not formed. Shp2 ablation initiated the untimely and excessive differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) by disturbing the expression of paracrine factors. As a consequence, the process of spermatogenesis was disrupted, and the germ cells were depleted. Furthermore, Shp2 deletion impaired the cell junctions of the primary Sertoli cells and failed to support the clonal formation of SSCs co-cultured with SCSKO Sertoli cells. As expected, Shp2 restoration largely restores the cell junctions of the primary Sertoli cells and the clonal formation of SSCs. To identify the underlying mechanism, we further demonstrated that the absence of Shp2 suppressed Erk phosphorylation, and thus, the expression of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)- and testosterone-induced target genes. These results collectively suggest that Shp2 is a critical signaling protein that is required to maintain Sertoli cell function and could serve as a novel target for male infertility therapies.
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43
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Guillermet-Guibert J, Smith LB, Halet G, Whitehead MA, Pearce W, Rebourcet D, León K, Crépieux P, Nock G, Strömstedt M, Enerback M, Chelala C, Graupera M, Carroll J, Cosulich S, Saunders PTK, Huhtaniemi I, Vanhaesebroeck B. Novel Role for p110β PI 3-Kinase in Male Fertility through Regulation of Androgen Receptor Activity in Sertoli Cells. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005304. [PMID: 26132308 PMCID: PMC4488938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The organismal roles of the ubiquitously expressed class I PI3K isoform p110β remain largely unknown. Using a new kinase-dead knockin mouse model that mimics constitutive pharmacological inactivation of p110β, we document that full inactivation of p110β leads to embryonic lethality in a substantial fraction of mice. Interestingly, the homozygous p110β kinase-dead mice that survive into adulthood (maximum ~26% on a mixed genetic background) have no apparent phenotypes, other than subfertility in females and complete infertility in males. Systemic inhibition of p110β results in a highly specific blockade in the maturation of spermatogonia to spermatocytes. p110β was previously suggested to signal downstream of the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor in germ cells to regulate their proliferation and survival. We now report that p110β also plays a germ cell-extrinsic role in the Sertoli cells (SCs) that support the developing sperm, with p110β inactivation dampening expression of the SC-specific Androgen Receptor (AR) target gene Rhox5, a homeobox gene critical for spermatogenesis. All extragonadal androgen-dependent functions remain unaffected by global p110β inactivation. In line with a crucial role for p110β in SCs, selective inactivation of p110β in these cells results in male infertility. Our study is the first documentation of the involvement of a signalling enzyme, PI3K, in the regulation of AR activity during spermatogenesis. This developmental pathway may become active in prostate cancer where p110β and AR have previously been reported to functionally interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse UMR1037, INSERM, BP84225, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Halet
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, SFR BIOSIT UMS 3480, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | | | - Wayne Pearce
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly León
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA—CNRS—Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA—CNRS—Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gemma Nock
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Strömstedt
- Astra Zeneca, Research and Development, Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Malin Enerback
- Astra Zeneca, Research and Development, Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariona Graupera
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Vascular Signalling Laboratory, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l’Hospitalet 199–203, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sabina Cosulich
- Astrazeneca Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa T. K. Saunders
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom, and Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Khan DR, Guillemette C, Sirard MA, Richard FJ. Transcriptomic analysis of cyclic AMP response in bovine cumulus cells. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:432-42. [PMID: 26082143 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00043.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of oocyte developmental competence needs to be understood to improve clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction. The stimulation of cumulus cell concentration of cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) by pharmacological agents during in vitro maturation (IVM) participates in improvement of oocyte quality. However, precise coordination and downstream targets of cAMP signaling in cumulus cells are largely unknown. We have previously demonstrated better embryo development after cAMP stimulation for first 6 h during IVM. Using this model, we investigated cAMP signaling in cumulus cells through in vitro culture of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) in the presence of cAMP raising agents: forskolin, IBMX, and dipyridamole (here called FID treatment). Transcriptomic analysis of cumulus cells indicated that FID-induced differentially expressed transcripts were implicated in cumulus expansion, steroidogenesis, cell metabolism, and oocyte competence. Functional genomic analysis revealed that protein kinase-A (PKA), extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK1/2), and calcium (Ca(2+)) pathways as key regulators of FID signaling. Inhibition of PKA (H89) in FID-supplemented COCs or substitution of FID with calcium ionophore (A23187) demonstrated that FID activated primarily the PKA pathway which inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and was upstream of calcium signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by FID supported a regulation by dual specific phosphatase (DUSP1) via PKA. Our findings imply that cAMP (FID) regulates cell metabolism, steroidogenesis, intracellular signaling and cumulus expansion through PKA which modulates these functions through optimization of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and coordination of calcium signaling. These findings have implications for development of new strategies for improving oocyte in vitro maturation leading to better developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Khan
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - C Guillemette
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - M A Sirard
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - F J Richard
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Zarzycka M, Chojnacka K, Mruk D, Gorowska E, Hejmej A, Kotula-Balak M, Pardyak L, Bilinska B. Flutamide alters the distribution of c-Src and affects the N-cadherin-β-catenin complex in the seminiferous epithelium of adult rat. Andrology 2015; 3:569-81. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zarzycka
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - K. Chojnacka
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - D.D. Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research; Population Council; New York City New York USA
| | - E. Gorowska
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - A. Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - M. Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - L. Pardyak
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - B. Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
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46
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Bhattacharya I, Gautam M, Majumdar SS. The effect of IBMX and hormones on gene expression by rat Sertoli cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrhm.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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47
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da Rosa LA, Escott GM, Cavalari FC, Schneider CMM, de Fraga LS, Loss EDS. Non-classical effects of androgens on testes from neonatal rats. Steroids 2015; 93:32-8. [PMID: 25449768 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The intratesticular testosterone concentration is high during the early postnatal period although the intracellular androgen receptor expression (iAR) is still absent in Sertoli cells (SCs). This study aimed to evaluate the non-classical effects of testosterone and epitestosterone on calcium uptake and the electrophysiological effects of testosterone (1μM) on SCs from rats on postnatal day (pnd) 3 and 4 with lack of expression of the iAR. In addition, crosstalk on the electrophysiological effects of testosterone and epitestosterone with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in SCs from 15-day-old rats was evaluated. The isotope (45)Ca(2+) was utilized to evaluate the effects of testosterone and epitestosterone in calcium uptake. The membrane potential of SCs was recorded using a standard single microelectrode technique. No immunoreaction concerning the iAR was observed in SCs on pnd 3 and 4. At this age, both testosterone and epitestosterone increased the (45)Ca(2+) uptake. Testosterone promoted membrane potential depolarization of SCs on pnd 4. FSH application followed by testosterone and epitestosterone reduced the depolarization of the two hormones. Application of epitestosterone 5 min after FSH resulted in a delay of epitestosterone-promoted depolarization. The cell resistance was also reduced. Thus, in SCs from neonatal Wistar rats, both testosterone and epitestosterone act through a non-classical mechanism stimulating calcium uptake in whole testes, and testosterone produces a depolarizing effect on SC membranes. Testosterone and epitestosterone stimulates non-classical actions via a membrane mechanism, which is independent of iAR. FSH and testosterone/epitestosterone affect each other's electrophysiological responses suggesting crosstalk between the intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Abreu da Rosa
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental e Eletrofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monteiro Escott
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental e Eletrofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carvalho Cavalari
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental e Eletrofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clara Maria Müller Schneider
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental e Eletrofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental e Eletrofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eloísa da Silveira Loss
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental e Eletrofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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48
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O'Shaughnessy PJ. Hormonal control of germ cell development and spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 29:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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49
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Smith LB, Walker WH. The regulation of spermatogenesis by androgens. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 30:2-13. [PMID: 24598768 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone is essential for maintaining spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, the molecular mechanisms by which testosterone acts have not begun to be revealed until recently. With the advances obtained from the use of transgenic mice lacking or overexpressing the androgen receptor, the cell specific targets of testosterone action as well as the genes and signaling pathways that are regulated by testosterone are being identified. In this review, the critical steps of spermatogenesis that are regulated by testosterone are discussed as well as the intracellular signaling pathways by which testosterone acts. We also review the functional information that has been obtained from the knock out of the androgen receptor from specific cell types in the testis and the genes found to be regulated after altering testosterone levels or androgen receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Abbasi Z, Tabatabaei SRF, Mazaheri Y, Barati F, Morovvati H. Effects of sesame oil on the reproductive parameters of diabetes mellitus-induced male rats. World J Mens Health 2013; 31:141-9. [PMID: 24044109 PMCID: PMC3770849 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of sesame oil on the reproductive parameters of diabetic male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The adult male rats in a split plot design were divided into normal (n=10), normal 5% (n=5; 5% sesame oil enriched diet), diabetic (Streptozocin induced diabetes; n=9), diabetic 5% (n=9; 5% sesame oil enriched diet), and diabetic 10% (n=9; 10% sesame oil enriched diet) groups. Diet supplementation continued for 56 days. RESULTS Sesame oil supplementation did not reduce the plasma glucose concentration of rats in the diabetic groups (p>0.05). The total spermatogonia, spermatocytes, Leydig cells/tubule, and the germ cell to Sertoli cell ratio were lower in the diabetic rats than the normal ones (p<0.05), and with the exception of spermatogonia counts, these values improved by the addition of sesame oil to the diet (p<0.05). The sperm progressive motility and viability were lower in the diabetic rats (p<0.05) and sesame oil supplementation did not improve them. Incorporation of sesame oil into the diet improved the plasma testosterone concentration of the diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, sesame oil supplementation improved the reproductive parameters of diabetic rats at the levels of the testicular microstructure and function, but was not effective in protecting the epididymal sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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