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Fichman Y, Rowland L, Nguyen TT, Chen SJ, Mittler R. Propagation of a rapid cell-to-cell H 2O 2 signal over long distances in a monolayer of cardiomyocyte cells. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103069. [PMID: 38364687 PMCID: PMC10878107 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication plays a cardinal role in the biology of multicellular organisms. H2O2 is an important cell-to-cell signaling molecule involved in the response of mammalian cells to wounding and other stimuli. We previously identified a signaling pathway that transmits wound-induced cell-to-cell H2O2 signals within minutes over long distances, measured in centimeters, in a monolayer of cardiomyocytes. Here we report that this long-distance H2O2 signaling pathway is accompanied by enhanced accumulation of cytosolic H2O2 and altered redox state in cells along its path. We further show that it requires the production of superoxide, as well as the function of gap junctions, and that it is accompanied by changes in the abundance of hundreds of proteins in cells along its path. Our findings highlight the existence of a unique and rapid long-distance H2O2 signaling pathway that could play an important role in different inflammatory responses, wound responses/healing, cardiovascular disease, and/or other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Linda Rowland
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Thi Thao Nguyen
- Gehrke Proteomics Center, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Data Sciences and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7010, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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Feng X, Liu X, Xiang J, Xu J, Yin N, Wang L, Liu C, Liu Y, Zhao T, Zhao Z, Gao Y. Exosomal ITGB6 from dormant lung adenocarcinoma cells activates cancer-associated fibroblasts by KLF10 positive feedback loop and the TGF-β pathway. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:2520-2537. [PMID: 38205211 PMCID: PMC10775012 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Dormant cancer cells are commonly known to play a pivotal role in cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, the mechanism of tumor dormancy and recurrence remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which exosomes derived from dormant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells activate cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to reconstruct the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing a novel idea for decoding the mechanism of tumor dormancy. Methods In this study, high-dose cisplatin was used to induce the dormant LUAD cells. Exosomes were extracted from the culture supernatant of normal and dormant cancer cells. The effects of selected exosomal proteins on the fibroblasts were evaluated. RNA-seq for fibroblasts and exosomal proteomics for normal and dormant cancer cells were used to identify and verify the mechanism of activating fibroblasts. Results We demonstrated that exosomes derived from dormant A549 cells could be taken by fibroblasts. Exosomal ITGB6 transferred into fibroblasts induced the activation of CAFs by activating the KLF10 positive feedback loop and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway. High ITGB6 expression was associated with activation of the TGF-β pathway and ECM remodeling. Conclusions In all, we demonstrated that CAFs were activated by exosomes from dormant lung cancer cells and reconstruct ECM. ITGB6 may be a critical molecule for activating the TGF-β pathway and remodeling ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianling Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Yin
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lujuan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaoyuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zengyi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yawen Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Fichman Y, Rowland L, Nguyen TT, Chen SJ, Mittler R. Propagation of a rapid cell-to-cell H 2 O 2 signal over long distances in a monolayer of cardiomyocyte cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.19.572374. [PMID: 38187741 PMCID: PMC10769217 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication plays a cardinal role in the biology of multicellular organisms. H 2 O 2 is an important cell-to-cell signaling molecule involved in the response of mammalian cells to wounding and other stimuli. We previously identified a signaling pathway that transmits wound-induced cell-to-cell H 2 O 2 signals within minutes over long distances, measured in centimeters, in a monolayer of cardiomyocytes. Here we report that this long-distance H 2 O 2 signaling pathway is accompanied by enhanced accumulation of cytosolic H 2 O 2 and altered redox state in cells along its path. We further show that it requires the production of superoxide, as well as the function of gap junctions, and that it is accompanied by changes in the abundance of hundreds of proteins in cells along its path. Our findings highlight the existence of a unique and rapid long-distance H 2 O 2 signaling pathway that could play an important role in different inflammatory responses, wound responses/healing, cardiovascular disease, and/or other conditions. Highlights Wounding induces an H 2 O 2 cell-to-cell signal in a monolayer of cardiomyocytes. The cell-to-cell signal requires H 2 O 2 and O 2 · - accumulation along its path. The signal propagates over several centimeters changing the redox state of cells.Changes in the abundance of hundreds of proteins accompanies the signal.The cell-to-cell signal requires paracrine and juxtacrine signaling.
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4
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Belluti S, Imbriano C, Casarini L. Nuclear Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: From Genes to Function. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4653. [PMID: 37760622 PMCID: PMC10526871 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are almost ubiquitous steroid hormones that are essential for development, metabolism, and reproduction. They exert both genomic and non-genomic action through two nuclear receptors (ERα and ERβ), which are transcription factors with disregulated functions and/or expression in pathological processes. In the 1990s, the discovery of an additional membrane estrogen G-protein-coupled receptor augmented the complexity of this picture. Increasing evidence elucidating the specific molecular mechanisms of action and opposing effects of ERα and Erβ was reported in the context of prostate cancer treatment, where these issues are increasingly investigated. Although new approaches improved the efficacy of clinical therapies thanks to the development of new molecules targeting specifically estrogen receptors and used in combination with immunotherapy, more efforts are needed to overcome the main drawbacks, and resistance events will be a challenge in the coming years. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art on ERα and ERβ mechanisms of action in prostate cancer and promising future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy
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Owen JS, Clayton A, Pearson HB. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Heterogeneity, Activation and Function: Implications for Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 13:67. [PMID: 36671452 PMCID: PMC9856041 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME) during prostate tumorigenesis is emerging as a critical event that facilitates cancer growth, progression and drug-resistance. Recent advances have identified extensive communication networks that enable tumor-stroma cross-talk, and emphasized the functional importance of diverse, heterogeneous stromal fibroblast populations during malignant growth. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a vital component of the TME, which mediate key oncogenic events including angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metastatic progression and therapeutic resistance, thus presenting an attractive therapeutic target. Nevertheless, how fibroblast heterogeneity, recruitment, cell-of-origin and differential functions contribute to prostate cancer remains to be fully delineated. Developing our molecular understanding of these processes is fundamental to developing new therapies and biomarkers that can ultimately improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we explore the current challenges surrounding fibroblast identification, discuss new mechanistic insights into fibroblast functions during normal prostate tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis, and illustrate the diverse nature of fibroblast recruitment and CAF generation. We also highlight the promise of CAF-targeted therapies for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine S. Owen
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Tissue Microenvironment Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Goto T, Kashiwagi E, Jiang G, Nagata Y, Teramoto Y, Baras AS, Yamashita S, Ito A, Arai Y, Miyamoto H. Estrogen receptor-β signaling induces cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2523-2534. [PMID: 32905529 PMCID: PMC7471368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with bladder cancer is often limited due to the development of therapeutic resistance. Our recent findings in bladder cancer suggested that activation of prostaglandin receptors (e.g. EP2, EP4) or cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 induced cisplatin resistance. Meanwhile, emerging evidence indicates the involvement of estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) signals in urothelial cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether ERβ activity was associated with cisplatin sensitivity in bladder cancer. Immunohistochemistry in muscle-invasive bladder cancer specimens from 55 patients who had subsequently received at least 3 cycles of cisplatin + gemcitabine neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed that ERβ was positive in 38% of responders vs. 71% of non-responders (P = 0.016), including 42% of male responders vs. 65% of male non-responders (P = 0.142) and 20% of female responders vs. 100% of female non-responders (P = 0.048). Then, cisplatin cytotoxicity was compared in human bladder cancer cell lines. Control sublines endogenously expressing ERβ were significantly more resistant to cisplatin treatment at its pharmacological concentrations, compared with ERβ knockdown sublines via short hairpin RNA virus infection. An ER modulator tamoxifen increased sensitivity to cisplatin in ERα-negative/ERβ-positive cell lines, while, in an estrogen-depleted condition, 17β-estradiol reduced it. Additionally, western blot showed considerable elevation in ERβ expression in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer sublines, compared with respective controls. Moreover, treatment with tamoxifen or a COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib increased cisplatin sensitivity even in resistant cells, while COX-2/EP2/EP4 inhibitor treatment resulted in reduced expression of ERβ. The expression and activity of β-catenin known to involve cisplatin resistance was also up-regulated in cisplatin-resistant cells, which was further induced by 17β-estradiol treatment. The present results suggest that estrogen-mediated ERβ signaling plays an important role in modulating cisplatin sensitivity in bladder cancer cells. Targeting ERβ during chemotherapy may thus be a useful strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance especially in female patients with ERβ-positive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Goto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Yujiro Nagata
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuki Teramoto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexander S Baras
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
- Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer CenterNatori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
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7
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Oatmen KE, Cull E, Spinale FG. Heart failure as interstitial cancer: emergence of a malignant fibroblast phenotype. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:523-531. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Urbanek KA, Domińska K, Sakowicz A, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Estrogen receptor β plays a protective role in zearalenone-induced oxidative stress in normal prostate epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:504-513. [PMID: 30738973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) - a fungal mycotoxin is reported to both cause the oxidative stress associated with death of cells as well as induction of the proliferation of cells, depending on its concentration and the type of cells. ZEA due to its structural similarity to naturally occurring estrogens is able to bind to estrogen receptors and triggers estrogen-associated signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the induction of oxidative stress in normal epithelial prostate PNT1A cells is associated with estrogenic activity of ZEA. We observed that ZEA-induced oxidative stress in PNT1A cells is associated with a decrease in the oxidative stress defense enzymes expression, cell cycle arrest in G2/M cell cycle phase as well as the decreased migration of cells. The results also suggest that the observed effect might be associated with the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB)- hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling pathway. The usage of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) selective antagonist 4-[2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]-phenol PHTPP showed that ERβ activity is able to decrease the ZEA-induced oxidative stress, but is not enough to counteract it, indicating that ZEA-induced oxidative stress is only partially associated with estrogenic activity of ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalska
- Medical University of Lodz, Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Medical University of Lodz, Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agata Sakowicz
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Medical University of Lodz, Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; Medical University of Lodz, Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
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9
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MicroRNA-382-5p aggravates breast cancer progression by regulating the RERG/Ras/ERK signaling axis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22443-22459. [PMID: 27705918 PMCID: PMC5410235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Ras/ERK pathway mediates breast cancer initiation and aggressiveness. Therefore, it is important to identify miRNAs that modulate the Ras/ERK pathway during breast carcinogenesis and progression. The Ras GTPase superfamily member RERG (Ras-related and estrogen-regulated growth inhibitor) acts as a tumor suppressor to reduce breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation and has been suggested to have a regulatory role in the Ras/ERK pathway. In this study, we found that RERG exerted its tumor suppressor role by attenuating the activation of Ras/ERK signaling effectors. Furthermore, we found that miR-382-5p directly targets and represses RERG to attenuate the inhibitory effects of RERG on the oncogenic Ras/ERK pathway. Thereby, miR-382-5p promoted breast cancer cell viability, clonogenicity, survival, migration, invasion and in vivo tumorigenesis/metastasis. In clinical interpretation, miR-382-5p expression was negatively correlated with RERG expression, and it also significantly functioned as an independent oncomiR for the higher incidence and poorer prognosis of breast cancer. This novel connection highlights new diagnostic and prognostic roles for miR-382-5p and RERG in breast cancer.
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Du C, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Han M, Zhang W, Qian H. Torulene and torularhodin, protects human prostate stromal cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress damage through the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax mediated apoptosis. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:113-123. [PMID: 28112004 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1285024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to elucidate the cytoprotective effects and possible mechanisms of torulene and torularhodin on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress damage in human prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1). After treated with H2O2, a notable decrease was appeared in cell viability, yet the decrease was attenuated when cells were pretreated with torulene and torularhodin (0.5-10 μM) as evaluated by WST-1 assay. Pretreatment with these two carotenoids significantly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis in WPMY-1 cells through the inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) overproduction, as well as the activation of the activities in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Finally, pretreatment of cells with carotenoids resulted in the regulation of the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in H2O2-exposed prostate stromal cells. The present results indicate that both torulene and torularhodin can protect human prostate stromal cells from oxidative stress damage via Bcl-2/Bax mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- a School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China.,b School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Yahui Guo
- a School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- a School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Mei Han
- b School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- b School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - He Qian
- a School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China.,c National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , PR China
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11
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Nelson AW, Groen AJ, Miller JL, Warren AY, Holmes KA, Tarulli GA, Tilley WD, Katzenellenbogen BS, Hawse JR, Gnanapragasam VJ, Carroll JS. Comprehensive assessment of estrogen receptor beta antibodies in cancer cell line models and tissue reveals critical limitations in reagent specificity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:138-150. [PMID: 27889472 PMCID: PMC5228587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor-β (ERβ) has been implicated in many cancers. In prostate and breast cancer its function is controversial, but genetic studies implicate a role in cancer progression. Much of the confusion around ERβ stems from antibodies that are inadequately validated, yet have become standard tools for deciphering its role. Using an ERβ-inducible cell system we assessed commonly utilized ERβ antibodies and show that one of the most commonly used antibodies, NCL-ER-BETA, is non-specific for ERβ. Other antibodies have limited ERβ specificity or are only specific in one experimental modality. ERβ is commonly studied in MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, but we found no ERβ expression in either, using validated antibodies and independent mass spectrometry-based approaches. Our findings question conclusions made about ERβ using the NCL-ER-BETA antibody, or LNCaP and MCF-7 cell lines. We describe robust reagents, which detect ERβ across multiple experimental approaches and in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Nelson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK; Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Arnoud J Groen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Jodi L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kelly A Holmes
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK.
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Leach DA, Powell SM, Bevan CL. WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: New roles for nuclear receptors in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T85-T108. [PMID: 27645052 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer has, for decades, been treated by inhibiting androgen signalling. This is effective in the majority of patients, but inevitably resistance develops and patients progress to life-threatening metastatic disease - hence the quest for new effective therapies for 'castrate-resistant' prostate cancer (CRPC). Studies into what pathways can drive tumour recurrence under these conditions has identified several other nuclear receptor signalling pathways as potential drivers or modulators of CRPC.The nuclear receptors constitute a large (48 members) superfamily of transcription factors sharing a common modular functional structure. Many of them are activated by the binding of small lipophilic molecules, making them potentially druggable. Even those for which no ligand exists or has yet been identified may be tractable to activity modulation by small molecules. Moreover, genomic studies have shown that in models of CRPC, other nuclear receptors can potentially drive similar transcriptional responses to the androgen receptor, while analysis of expression and sequencing databases shows disproportionately high mutation and copy number variation rates among the superfamily. Hence, the nuclear receptor superfamily is of intense interest in the drive to understand how prostate cancer recurs and how we may best treat such recurrent disease. This review aims to provide a snapshot of the current knowledge of the roles of different nuclear receptors in prostate cancer - a rapidly evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Leach
- Division of CancerImperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial, College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Sue M Powell
- Division of CancerImperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial, College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Division of CancerImperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial, College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Liu TT, Grubisha MJ, Frahm KA, Wendell SG, Liu J, Ricke WA, Auchus RJ, DeFranco DB. Opposing Effects of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on Estrogen Receptor β (ERβ) Response to 5α-Reductase Inhibition in Prostate Epithelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14747-60. [PMID: 27226548 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current pharmacotherapies for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an androgen receptor-driven, inflammatory disorder affecting elderly men, include 5α-reductase (5AR) inhibitors (i.e. dutasteride and finasteride) to block the conversion of testosterone to the more potent androgen receptor ligand dihydrotestosterone. Because dihydrotestosterone is the precursor for estrogen receptor β (ERβ) ligands, 5AR inhibitors could potentially limit ERβ activation, which maintains prostate tissue homeostasis. We have uncovered signaling pathways in BPH-derived prostate epithelial cells (BPH-1) that are impacted by 5AR inhibition. The induction of apoptosis and repression of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin by the 5AR inhibitor dutasteride requires both ERβ and TGFβ. Dutasteride also induces cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2), which functions in a negative feedback loop in TGFβ and ERβ signaling pathways as evidenced by the potentiation of apoptosis induced by dutasteride or finasteride upon pharmacological inhibition or shRNA-mediated ablation of COX-2. Concurrently, COX-2 positively impacts ERβ action through its effect on the expression of a number of steroidogenic enzymes in the ERβ ligand metabolic pathway. Therefore, effective combination pharmacotherapies, which have included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, must take into account biochemical pathways affected by 5AR inhibition and opposing effects of COX-2 on the tissue-protective action of ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Melanie J Grubisha
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Krystle A Frahm
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260,
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14
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Abstract
It has been over 20 years since the discovery that caveolar lipid rafts function as signalling organelles. Lipid rafts create plasma membrane heterogeneity, and caveolae are the most extensively studied subset of lipid rafts. A newly emerging paradigm is that changes in caveolae also generate tumour metabolic heterogeneity. Altered caveolae create a catabolic tumour microenvironment, which supports oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells and which contributes to dismal survival rates for cancer patients. In this Review, we discuss the role of caveolae in tumour progression, with a special emphasis on their metabolic and cell signalling effects, and their capacity to transform the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo E Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Federica Sotgia
- 1] Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. [2] Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- 1] Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. [2] Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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15
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Li Z, Liu Q, Li C, Zong X, Bai J, Wu Y, Lan X, Yu G, Zhang Y. The role of TGF-β/Smad signaling in dopamine agonist-resistant prolactinomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 402:64-71. [PMID: 25578603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolactinomas are the most common secretory pituitary adenomas. The first line of treatment involves dopamine agonists (DAs); however, a subset of patients is resistant to such therapy. Recent studies suggest that dopamine can up-regulate TGF-β1 synthesis in rat pituitary lactotrophs whereas estradiol down-regulates TGF-β1. To date, the role of TGF-β/Smad signaling in DAs-resistant prolactinomas has not been explored. METHODS High-content screening (HCS) techniques, qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and ELISA, were performed to determine the role of TGF-β/Smad signaling in DAs-resistant prolactinomas. RESULTS We reported a significant down-regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling cascade in DAs-resistant prolactinomas compared to normal human anterior pituitaries. Following treatment with TGF-β1, the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, and the estrogen antagonist (ER), fulvestrant in GH3 cells, we found that TGF-β1 and fulvestrant caused significant cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner and activated Smad3 was detected following exposure to TGF-β1 and fulvestrant. In addition, treating GH3 cells with fulvestrant increased active TGF-β1 levels and decreased PRL levels in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway may play an important role in DA-resistant prolactinomas and has the potential to be a viable target for the diagnosis and treatment of prolactinomas, particularly in patients who are resistant to DAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuyi Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiwei Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Youtu Wu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaolei Lan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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16
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Christoforou P, Christopoulos PF, Koutsilieris M. The role of estrogen receptor β in prostate cancer. Mol Med 2014; 20:427-34. [PMID: 25032955 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the main molecular tool regulating growth and function of the prostate gland, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is involved in the differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells and numerous antiproliferative actions on prostate cancer cells. However, ERβ splice variants have been associated with prostate cancer initiation and progression mechanisms. ERβ is promising as an anticancer therapy and in the prevention of prostate cancer. Herein, we review the recent experimental findings of ERβ signaling in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Christoforou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis F Christopoulos
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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17
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the commonest, non-cutaneous cancer in men. At present, there is no cure for the advanced, castration-resistant form of the disease. Estrogen has been shown to be important in prostate carcinogenesis, with evidence resulting from epidemiological, cancer cell line, human tissue and animal studies. The prostate expresses both estrogen receptor alpha (ERA) and estrogen receptor beta (ERB). Most evidence suggests that ERA mediates the harmful effects of estrogen in the prostate, whereas ERB is tumour suppressive, but trials of ERB-selective agents have not translated into improved clinical outcomes. The role of ERB in the prostate remains unclear and there is increasing evidence that isoforms of ERB may be oncogenic. Detailed study of ERB and ERB isoforms in the prostate is required to establish their cell-specific roles, in order to determine if therapies can be directed towards ERB-dependent pathways. In this review, we summarise evidence on the role of ERB in prostate cancer and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Nelson
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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18
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Funahashi Y, O’Malley KJ, Kawamorita N, Tyagi P, DeFranco DB, Takahashi R, Gotoh M, Wang Z, Yoshimura N. Upregulation of androgen-responsive genes and transforming growth factor-β1 cascade genes in a rat model of non-bacterial prostatic inflammation. Prostate 2014; 74:337-45. [PMID: 24446128 PMCID: PMC3898594 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic inflammation is associated with the development of prostatic hyperplasia. We investigated the effects of prostatic inflammation on expression levels of androgen-responsive genes and growth factors in the prostate. METHODS Prostatic inflammation was induced by formalin injection into bilateral ventral lobes of the prostate of male SD rats. After 28 days, the prostate was harvested for analyses of proinflammatory cytokines, androgen-responsive genes in the epithelium, and TGF-β1 cascade genes in the stroma. Some rats were given a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib; 10 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 28 days. RESULTS The formalin-injected prostate exhibited widespread low-grade inflammation (<50 leukocytes/10,000 μm(2) ) along with focal high-grade inflammation (>100 leukocytes/10,000 μm(2) ) in limited areas. Compared to control, formalin-injected prostate exhibited a 2.5-fold to sixfold increased protein expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In the low-grade inflammatory regions, threefold to ninefold and twofold to threefold upregulations of mRNA levels of androgen receptors/androgen-responsive genes and TGF-β1 cascade genes were respectively, observed in the epithelium and stroma obtained by laser-capture microdissection. Positive staining for androgen receptors in the epithelial nuclei, and TGF-β1, IL-6, and COX-2 in the stroma was increased in the low-grade inflammation area. COX-2 inhibitor treatment suppressed these upregulations of cytokines, androgen-responsive, and TGF-β1 cascade genes. CONCLUSIONS Prostatic inflammation induced increased expression of androgen-responsive genes in the epithelium and TGF-β1 cascade genes in the stroma, which were suppressed by COX-2 inhibitors, suggesting that activation of these genes in the low-grade inflammatory region might be involved in the development of symptomatic BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Funahashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Kawamorita
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Donald B. DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Momokazu Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Corresponding author: Zhou Wang, Ph.D., Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Shadyside Medical Center, Suite G40, 5200 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, Phone: 412-623-3903, Fax: 412-623-3904,
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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19
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Calon A, Tauriello DVF, Batlle E. TGF-beta in CAF-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 25:15-22. [PMID: 24412104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TGF-beta signaling is one of the major pathways controlling cell and tissue behavior not only in homeostasis but also in disease. During tumorigenesis TGF-beta orchestrated processes are key due to its dual role as tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Important functions of this pathway have been described in a context-dependent manner both in epithelial cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment during tumor progression. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant stromal cell types in virtually all solid tumors. CAFs favor malignant progression by providing cancer cells with proliferative, migratory, survival and invasive capacities. A complex network of signaling pathways underlying their tumor-promoting properties is beginning to take shape. In this review, we examine current evidence on the emerging mechanisms involving TGF-beta in CAF-mediated cancer progression, and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calon
- Oncology Department, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D V F Tauriello
- Oncology Department, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Batlle
- Oncology Department, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Slavin S, Yeh CR, Da J, Yu S, Miyamoto H, Messing EM, Guancial E, Yeh S. Estrogen receptor α in cancer-associated fibroblasts suppresses prostate cancer invasion via modulation of thrombospondin 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 3. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:1301-9. [PMID: 24374826 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment contains active stromal cells known as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) that may play important roles in influencing tumor progression. Here we studied the role of CAF estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and found that it could protect against PCa invasion. Immunohistochemistry on prostatectomy specimens showed that PCa patients with ERα-positive stroma had a significantly lower risk for biochemical recurrence. In vitro invasion assays further confirmed that the stromal ERα was able to reduce PCa cell invasion. Dissection of the molecular mechanism revealed that the CAF ERα could function through a CAF-epithelial interaction via selectively upregulating thrombospondin 2 (Thbs2) and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) at the protein and messenger RNA levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further showed that ERα could bind to an estrogen response element on the promoter of Thbs2. Importantly, knockdown of Thbs2 led to increased MMP3 expression and interruption of the ERα mediated invasion suppression, providing further evidence of an ERα-Thbs2-MMP3 axis in CAF. In vivo studies using athymic nude mice injected with CWR22Rv1 (22Rv1) PCa epithelial cells and CAF cells ± ERα also confirmed that mice coimplanted with PCa cells and CAF ERα+ cells had less tumor foci in the pelvic lymph nodes, less metastases, and tumors showed less angiogenesis, MMP3, and MMP9 (an MMP3 downstream target) positive staining. Together, these data suggest that CAF ERα could play protective roles in suppressing PCa metastasis. Our results may lead to developing new and alternative therapeutic approaches to battle PCa via controlling ERα signaling in CAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Slavin
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jun Da
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA, Department of Urology, Shanghai Jaotong University, Shanghai, China and
| | - Shengqiang Yu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edward M Messing
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guancial
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, USA,
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21
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Dey P, Barros RPA, Warner M, Ström A, Gustafsson JÅ. Insight into the mechanisms of action of estrogen receptor β in the breast, prostate, colon, and CNS. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:T61-74. [PMID: 24031087 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and its receptors (ERs) influence many biological processes in physiology and pathology in men and women. ERs are involved in the etiology and/or progression of cancers of the prostate, breast, uterus, ovary, colon, lung, stomach, and malignancies of the immune system. In estrogen-sensitive malignancies, ERβ usually is a tumor suppressor and ERα is an oncogene. ERβ regulates genes in several key pathways including tumor suppression (p53, PTEN); metabolism (PI3K); survival (Akt); proliferation pathways (p45(Skp2), cMyc, and cyclin E); cell-cycle arresting factors (p21(WAF1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)), p27(Kip1), and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs); protection from reactive oxygen species, glutathione peroxidase. Because they are activated by small molecules, ERs are excellent targets for pharmaceuticals. ERα antagonists have been used for many years in the treatment of breast cancer and more recently pharmaceutical companies have produced agonists which are very selective for ERα or ERβ. ERβ agonists are being considered for preventing progression of cancer, treatment of anxiety and depression, as anti-inflammatory agents and as agents, which prevent or reduce the severity of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Science and Engineering Research Center Bldg 545, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
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22
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Ayala G, Morello M, Frolov A, You S, Li R, Rosati F, Bartolucci G, Danza G, Adam RM, Thompson TC, Lisanti MP, Freeman MR, Vizio DD. Loss of caveolin-1 in prostate cancer stroma correlates with reduced relapse-free survival and is functionally relevant to tumour progression. J Pathol 2013; 231:77-87. [PMID: 23729330 DOI: 10.1002/path.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Levels of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in tumour epithelial cells increase during prostate cancer progression. Conversely, Cav-1 expression in the stroma can decline in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. In a large cohort of 724 prostate cancers, we observed significantly decreased levels of stromal Cav-1 in concordance with increased Gleason score (p = 0.012). Importantly, reduced expression of Cav-1 in the stroma correlated with reduced relapse-free survival (p = 0.009), suggesting a role for stromal Cav-1 in inhibiting advanced disease. Silencing of Cav-1 by shRNA in WPMY-1 prostate fibroblasts resulted in up-regulation of Akt phosphorylation, and significantly altered expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, including a > 2.5-fold increase in TGF-β1 and γ-synuclein (SNCG) gene expression. Moreover, silencing of Cav-1 induced migration of prostate cancer cells when stromal cells were used as attractants. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt caused down-regulation of TGF-β1 and SNCG, suggesting that loss of Cav-1 in the stroma can influence Akt-mediated signalling in the tumour microenvironment. Cav-1-depleted stromal cells exhibited increased levels of intracellular cholesterol, a precursor for androgen biosynthesis, steroidogenic enzymes, and testosterone. These findings suggest that loss of Cav-1 in the tumour microenvironment contributes to the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells by a mechanism that involves up-regulation of TGF-β1 and SNCG through Akt activation. They also suggest that intracrine production of androgens, a process relevant to castration resistance, may occur in the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ayala
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matteo Morello
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Frolov
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rile Li
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabiana Rosati
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Danza
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosalyn M Adam
- The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Breast Oncology and Institute of Cancer Sciences, Paterson Institute of Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Grubisha MJ, DeFranco DB. Local endocrine, paracrine and redox signaling networks impact estrogen and androgen crosstalk in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Steroids 2013; 78:538-41. [PMID: 23380371 PMCID: PMC3644803 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is essential for the initial development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa) as well as the growth and survival of castration-resistant tumors. However, AR action may be opposed by estrogen receptor beta (ERß) that responds to androgen metabolites produced in the prostate. The balance between the activity of these two receptors is not only influenced by the steroidogenic capacity of the prostatic microenvironment but also by its redox status and local paracrine signals such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß). In this review, we highlight the studies that revealed select roles for AR and ERß in distinct compartments of the prostate cancer microenvironment. We also discuss new work that identified stromal-epithelial crosstalk through TGF-ß1 signaling that drives the production of reactive oxygen species in stromal cells thereby selectively limiting the anti-tumor activity of ERß in cancer cells. Therefore, any new therapeutic approaches that seek to limit AR but enhance ERß activity in PCa, must take into account potential adaptive changes in the tumor microenvironment that utilize paracrine signals and altered redox balance to divert local androgen metabolites towards AR at the expense of ERß.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. Grubisha
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3051 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Donald B. DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3051 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
- Corresponding Author: Donald B. DeFranco, tel: 412-624-4259, fax: 412-648-7029,
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Gravina GL, Mancini A, Ranieri G, Di Pasquale B, Marampon F, Di Clemente L, Ricevuto E, Festuccia C. Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:2116-22. [PMID: 23589051 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. However, the mechanism(s) through which stromal cells regulate epithelial cells and the differences among prostatic stromal cells of different histological/pathological origin in PCa progression remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the stromal cell populations present in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa. To this end, we used cultures from stromal cells obtained from BPH-derived (15 cases) and PCa-derived (30 cases) primary cultures. In culture, stromal cells are a mixture of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts (MFs) and muscle cells. Fibroblasts are characterized for the expression of vimentin, MFs for the co-expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin, whereas muscle cells for the expression of α-SMA and desmin. Fibroblasts were present in large amounts in the BPH- compared to the PCa-derived cultures, whereas MFs were more representative of PCa- as opposed to BPH-derived cultures. Some α-SMA-positive cells retained the expression of basal cytokeratin K14. This population was defined as myoepithelial cells and was associated with senescent cultures. The percentage of MFs was higher in high-grade compared to moderate- and low-grade PCa-derived cultures, whereas the number of myoepithelial cells was lower in high-grade compared to moderate- and low-grade PCa-derived cultures. In addition, we analyzed the expression of p75NTR, as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). p75NTR expression was elevated in the stromal cultures derived from PCa compared to those derived from BPH and in cultures derived from cases with Gleason scores ≥7 compared to those derived from cases with Gleason scores <7, as well as in cultures with a high concentration of MFs compared to those with a high concentration of fibroblasts. MMP-2 was secreted by all primary cultures, whereas MMP-9 secretion was observed only in some PCa-derived stromal cells, when the percentage of MFs was significantly higher compared to BPH-derived cultures. TIMP1, TIMP2 and TIMP3 were secreted in elevated amounts in the BPH- compared to the PCa-derived stromal cultures, suggesting the differential regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. When we used 22rv1 and PC3 PCa xenograft models for the isolation and characterization of murine cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) we noted that the angiogenic wave was concurrent with the appearance of a reactive stroma phenotype, as determined by staining for α-SMA, vimentin, tenascin, calponin, desmin and Masson's trichrome. In conclusion, MF stromal cells from PCa participate in the progression and metastasis of PCa, modualting inflammation, angiogenesis and epithelial cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Transcription factor networks in invasion-promoting breast carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2012; 6:91-107. [PMID: 23090154 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-012-0121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to both tumor growth and cancer progression. In this report, we applied an emerging transcription factor (TF) activity array to fibroblasts to capture the activity of the intracellular signaling network and to define a signature that distinguishes mammary CAFs from normal mammary fibroblasts. Normal fibroblasts that restrained cancer cell invasion developed into an invasion-promoting CAF phenotype through exposure to conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A myofibroblast-like CAF cell line expressing high levels of smooth muscle actin was compared to normal mammary fibroblasts before and after induction. Comparison of TF activity profiles for all three fibroblast types identified a TF activity signature common to CAFs which included activation of reporters for TFs ELK1, GATA1, retinoic acid receptor (RAR), serum response factor (SRF), and vitamin D receptor (VDR). Additionally, CAFs resembling myofibroblasts, relative to normal fibroblasts, had elevated activation corresponding to NF-kappaB, RUNX2, and YY1, and distinct activity patterns for several differentiation-related TF reporters. Induction of CAFs by exposure of normal fibroblasts to conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in increased activation of reporters for HIF1, several STAT TFs, and proliferation-related TFs such as AP1. Myofibroblast-like CAFs and induced normal mammary fibroblasts promoted invasion of breast cancer cells by distinct mechanisms, consistent with their distinct patterns of TF activation. The TF activity profiles of CAF subtypes provide an overview of intracellular signaling associated with the induction of a pro-invasive stroma, and provide a mechanistic link between the microenvironmental stimuli and phenotypic response.
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